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Kulkarni, Varsha, and Dr Nagaraj Bhat. "A study of Storage Area Networks and issues in its management." Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 23, no. 06 (2021): 238–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.51201/jusst/21/05257.
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A data center has hundreds of servers and storage devices running on virtual machines that can be deployed and migrated over servers as per the requirement. If each server uses local storage, migration of this storage and restoration is mandatory. An attempt to organize and track storage throughout the data center is quite tedious. Using a dedicated storage system like a storage array, it possible to collectively monitor and manage such a network. A storage area network is essentially a network dedicated to storage devices. A storage area network can interconnect devices in all its layers, therefore improving storage availability. Interconnecting all elements in SAN also reduces the chances of a single point of failure. Using the storage devices collectively improves their utilization. SAN offers to manage and maintain all devices in the network. Although SAN is beneficial, it has drawbacks when configuring, monitoring, and managing components in a large-scale network. This paper consolidates the problems associated with SAN and offers possible solutions to overcome them.
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Shevtsov, Vadim, and Evgeny Abramov. "The Analysis of Modern Data Storage Systems." NBI Technologies, no. 1 (August 2019): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/nbit.jvolsu.2019.1.5.
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Today, Storage Area Network and Cloud Storage are the common Storage System. Storage Area Network includes NAS, SAN, DAS systems. Cloud Storage includes object storage, file storage, block storage. Storage Area Network is an important technology because it may give a lot of data volume with a high recovery chance and secure access, work and central management with data. Cloud Storage has many advantages: data mobility, teamwork, stability, scalability, quick start. The main threats include destruction, theft, corruption, unauthentication, replacement, blocking. Storage Area Network components (architecture elements, protocols, interfaces, hardware, system software, exploitation) have a lot of vulnerabilities. Cloud Storage may be attacked by software, functional elements, clients, hypervisor, management systems. A lot of companies design storage solutions: DropBox, QNAP, WD, DELL, SEAGATE.
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Kim, Song-Kyoo. "Enhanced management method of storage area network (SAN) server with random remote backups." Mathematical and Computer Modelling 42, no. 9-10 (2005): 947–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mcm.2005.06.006.
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Bodaniuk, M. E., O. K. Karnaukhov, O. I. Rolik, and S. F. Telenyk. "Storage area network management." Electronics and Communications 18, no. 5 (2013): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/2312-1807.2013.18.5.142749.
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Nalini, S., Harini Vaikund, and A. R. Raja. "Fuzzy Controller Based Power Quality Improvement for a Microgrid with Energy Management System." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 17, no. 11 (2020): 4957–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2020.8994.
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There is a drastic decrease in availability of conventional energy sources such as coal, natural gas and oil. The need for using non-conventional energy sources has increased due to the fast rate depletion in conventional energy sources and the ill effects of using them. Research work in the area of renewable energy sources has hence been increased throughout the world. The rate at which power demands are increasing, requires the need for interconnections of various power generation methods. For the proper use of conventional and non-conventional distributed generation microgrid is essential. Microgrid combines one or more generation units and helps to use the power generated in efficient manner. Microgrid includes the generating units, battery storage system with power electronic converters. The use of power converter is important, but the presence of converter generates harmonics usually so that the power quality issues have become serious. Many controllers are used to solve power quality problems, where one of them is the Unified Power Quality Controller (UPQC). Problems linked to power quality become serious due to the use of power electronics appliances. Microgrid power quality is maintained by using UPQC compensating devices. To control UPQC, there must be some controller to intimate the voltage sag, swell and flickers. In this paper the fuzzy logic controller is used for UPQC. An energy management system (EMS) is a system used by electrical utility network operators to monitor, regulate and optimize transmission and generation system efficiency. The system model is created using MATLAB by merging all DC-microgrid, EMS and UPQC, to solve power quality issues.
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K. Ibrahim, Sarmad, and Saif A. Abdulhussien. "Improved storage area network method for backup approach." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 17, no. 3 (2020): 1493. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v17.i3.pp1493-1498.
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<span>Storage Area Network (SAN) could be a dedicated storage network which carries the info between servers and storage devices. SAN offers flexibility to implement and share data between servers and remote devices instead of the traditional method that reduced the performance of service. This paper improves SAN backup method to increase the CPU utilization and reduce the load on the link; the result shows that the improved method is better than of traditional in terms of response time in FTP about 36% while the traffic data is about 3%.</span>
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Putra, Budiya Surya, and Timothy John Pattiasina. "STUDI ANALISA DATA STORAGE DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN SISTEM NAS-DAS-SAN." Teknika 1, no. 1 (2012): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.34148/teknika.v1i1.6.
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Teknologi storage (penyimpanan) berkembang cukup pesat. Sampai saat ini, begitu banyak teknologi storage yang tersedia, dengan segala macam keunggulan dan keterbatasan. Di antara teknologi storage yang telah dikenal adalah DAS (Direct Attached Storage), NAS (Network Attached Storage), dan SAN (Storage Area Network).
 Tujuan penelitian makalah ini, untuk memahami cara kerja data data storage dan memahami kelebihan menggunakan sistem NAS, DAS, SAN.
 Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa terdapat aspek-aspek tertentu yang harus dipertimbangkan dalam pemilihan penagaman data pada sistem penyimpanan data di dalam suatu jaringan komputer.
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AL-aswad, Muthanna Mohammad, and KHALIL ALWAJEH. "Performance Evaluation of Storage Area Network(SAN)With internet Small Computer System Interface (iSCSI)For Local System PC." Algerian Journal of Signals and Systems 5, no. 3 (2020): 167–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.51485/ajss.v5i3.113.
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SCSI is a newly emerging protocol with the goal of implementing the Storage Area Network (SAN) technology over TCP/IP,where enables to access to remote data that in attached storage disks storages - Direct Attached Storage(DAS) over IP-networked. Also it's brings economy and convenience whereas it also raises performance and reliability issues. This paper investigates about possibility , using storage technology of the SANs, and iSCSI-SAN protocol,in local system PC, to improve access to attached storage disks storages in local system, with using iSCSI-SANs as virtual storage, is rather than DAS storage in local system of PC. Explicates after experiment procedure is that improving throughput of iSCSI-SANs was better than attached storage disks storages - DAS in local system . This means is that it can use iSCSI-SANs in local system of PC as attache storage disks storages as DAS , without cost , high performance, and easy control.
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Shen, Jin Xing. "The Design and Implementation of Intelligent High-Speed Disk Storage Protocols." Applied Mechanics and Materials 513-517 (February 2014): 889–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.513-517.889.
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In this paper, through the analysis of the redundant array of independent disks system (RAID), storage area network system (SAN), network storage system (NAS), based on RAID on the system FPGA is used to design a set of intelligent high speed disk storage protocol, through the test and analysis can meet the continuous data acquisition, the real-time data storage needs, in the software through providing high access speed increases memory buffer, large storage capacity and higher data security.
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Mercier, C. "No more blind SAN's bluff [storage area network]." Information Professional 4, no. 4 (2007): 41–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/inp:20070411.
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Hu, Yuan Yuan, Lu Wang, and Xiao Dong Zhang. "Cloud Storage Virtualization Technology and its Architecture." Applied Mechanics and Materials 713-715 (January 2015): 2435–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.713-715.2435.
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Based on cloud computing and cloud storage, this paper discussed three kinds of typical virtualization technology in cloud computing, that is, storage virtualization based on host or server, storage virtualization based on storage devices, and storage virtualization based on Storage Area Network (SAN). In addition, application value of storage virtualization technology was discussed. What’s more, platform architecture model of cloud storage was proposed, and the characteristics of cloud backup were discussed as an example.
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Minor, David, Don Sutton, Ardys Kozbial, Brad Westbrook, Michael Burek, and Michael Smorul. "Chronopolis Digital Preservation Network." International Journal of Digital Curation 5, no. 1 (2010): 119–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2218/ijdc.v5i1.147.
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The Chronopolis Digital Preservation Initiative, one of the Library of Congress’ latest efforts to collect and preserve at-risk digital information, has completed its first year of service as a multi-member partnership to meet the archival needs of a wide range of domains.Chronopolis is a digital preservation data grid framework developed by the San Diego Supercomputer Center (SDSC) at UC San Diego, the UC San Diego Libraries (UCSDL), and their partners at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) in Colorado and the University of Maryland's Institute for Advanced Computer Studies (UMIACS).Chronopolis addresses a critical problem by providing a comprehensive model for the cyberinfrastructure of collection management, in which preserved intellectual capital is easily accessible, and research results, education material, and new knowledge can be incorporated smoothly over the long term. Integrating digital library, data grid, and persistent archive technologies, Chronopolis has created trusted environments that span academic institutions and research projects, with the goal of long-term digital preservation.A key goal of the Chronopolis project is to provide cross-domain collection sharing for long-term preservation. Using existing high-speed educational and research networks and mass-scale storage infrastructure investments, the partnership is leveraging the data storage capabilities at SDSC, NCAR, and UMIACS to provide a preservation data grid that emphasizes heterogeneous and highly redundant data storage systems.In this paper we will explore the major themes within Chronopolis, including:a) The philosophy and theory behind a nationally federated data grid for preservation. b) The core tools and technologies used in Chronopolis. c) The metadata schema that is being developed within Chronopolis for all of the data elements. d) Lessons learned from the first year of the project.e) Next steps in digital preservation using Chronopolis: how we plan to strengthen and broaden our network with enhanced services and new customers.
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Burke, Lee, Jeanne M. Logsdon, Will Mitchell, Martha Reiner, and David Vogel. "Corporate Community Involvement in the San Francisco Bay Area." California Management Review 28, no. 3 (1986): 122–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/41165206.
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In 1982, Steve Jobs, a founder and then chairman of Apple Computer, departed from Apple's tradition of avoiding political action to lobby successfully for the passage of California Assembly Bill 3194. This legislation, nicknamed the “Apple Bill,” gave manufacturers special tax credits for donations of scientific equipment to California schools. Through its “Kids Can't Wait” program, Apple has donated computer systems to more than 9,000 elementary and secondary schools. Apple also encourages companies that make products for Apple systems to add these products to Apple's systems donations. Del Monte Corporation began making product donations of occasional excess production on a decentralized basis many years ago. Products were given to local communities, food banks, and even company employees. However, these recipients were frequently unable to absorb large quantities of often single-product contributions. Concerned with the waste and inefficiency of this decentralized distribution method, Del Monte searched for a better way to contribute excess products to needy recipients. In 1985, it arranged with a national food-bank clearinghouse to distribute excess products through a network of local food banks.
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Cavallo, Angelo, Antonio Ghezzi, and Silvia Sanasi. "Assessing entrepreneurial ecosystems through a strategic value network approach: evidence from the San Francisco Area." Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development 28, no. 2 (2021): 261–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsbed-05-2019-0148.
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PurposeThe purpose of this article is to develop a model to assess entrepreneurial ecosystems. Specifically, the authors examine how to measure value creation and value capture mechanisms from a single participant's perspective and at the ecosystem level through a strategic value network-based approach.Design/methodology/approachBuilding on extant research on strategic networks, value networks and business models and leveraging a qualitative survey, the authors develop and test an assessment tool to measure value creation and capture within the entrepreneurial ecosystem of the San Francisco Bay Area.FindingsThe authors show that value-based measures on entrepreneurial ecosystems provide a systemic approach to assess how ecosystems operate, which can guide policymakers, entrepreneurs and all the other stakeholders of entrepreneurial ecosystems in their strategic decision-making process.Originality/valueThe authors provide an original model grounded in the strategic management and entrepreneurship literature for entrepreneurial ecosystems' assessment as few studies have done before. Besides, the authors provide an illustrative attempt to show how to empirically apply the original model by assessing the San Francisco Bay Area's entrepreneurial ecosystem.
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PETER BEN, OKPE, and MUHAMMAD SANUSI. "SECURITY EVALUATION AND PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT OF STORAGE AREA NETWORK (SAN) - A CASE STUDY OF NATIONAL ASSEMBLY (NASS), ABUJA - NIGERIA." International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology 04, no. 09 (2020): 471–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.33564/ijeast.2020.v04i09.064.
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Petrova, Anastasiya. "Calculating the area of a distribution center for a retail network." KANT 36, no. 3 (2020): 83–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.24923/2222-243x.2020-36.16.
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This article discusses the significance and main functions of the distribution center as a providing link of retail trade in the conditions of actively developing retail networks. The distribution centers provide for the concentration of various products with different storage temperatures, which leads to the need to perform additional calculations of storage areas and redevelopment. Timely calculations that take into account the receipt and shipment of goods to the distribution center, allow you to create an effective inventory management system that will flexibly respond to requests throughout the distribution network.
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Kong, Xiangdong, Yuejiu Zheng, Minggao Ouyang, et al. "Signal synchronization for massive data storage in modular battery management system with controller area network." Applied Energy 197 (July 2017): 52–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.04.002.
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Sergeev, Sergey, Sergey Barykin, Olga Kalinina, Elena Naumova, Natalia Dedyukhina, and Tatiana Dmitrieva. "Solving the problem of energy efficiency of remote agricultural farms." E3S Web of Conferences 244 (2021): 03010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124403010.
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The research focuses on the viability of a mathematical model of energy efficiency of agricultural sector for the case of Russia. The article describes the methodology and results of research aimed at improving energy efficiency in the activities of remote farms of the agro-industrial complex. The emphasis is placed on the application of a scientific approach based on mathematical modeling of work on a limited resource. For this purpose, the most common solutions are SAN (Storage Area Network), while the programs that are common for enterprises of the network are located on cloud servers. The results of the research were applied in a joint project with the Catalan Polytechnic University (Polytechnic University of Catalonia).
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Kändler, Nils, Ivar Annus, Anatoli Vassiljev, Raido Puust, and Katrin Kaur. "Smart In-Line Storage Facilities in Urban Drainage Network." Proceedings 2, no. 11 (2018): 631. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2110631.
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Urban stormwater drainage systems (UDS) are severely affected by the changing climate bringing along inter alia more intense rainfall events. The conduits, usually having limited capacity, are unable to cope with these excessive flowrates. Therefore, measures must be undertaken to temporarily accumulate extra flowrates in order to avoid the flooding. There are several options available to tackle this challenge, e.g., low impact development (LID) solutions, best management practices (BMP), stormwater real-time control measures (RTC). In this study the efficiency of in-line and off-line detention tanks are analyzed. Moreover, new concept of smart in-line storage system is created and evaluated. This solution shows significant reduction in peak flow, economic benefit and is particularly suitable for the districts with limited construction space. The concept has been successfully tested in 10 ha dense urban development area in Estonian capital Tallinn.
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Arzymatov, Kenenbek, Andrey Sapronov, Vladislav Belavin, et al. "SANgo: a storage infrastructure simulator with reinforcement learning support." PeerJ Computer Science 6 (May 4, 2020): e271. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.271.
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We introduce SANgo (Storage Area Network in the Go language)—a Go-based package for simulating the behavior of modern storage infrastructure. The software is based on the discrete-event modeling paradigm and captures the structure and dynamics of high-level storage system building blocks. The flexible structure of the package allows us to create a model of a real storage system with a configurable number of components. The granularity of the simulated system can be defined depending on the replicated patterns of actual system behavior. Accurate replication enables us to reach the primary goal of our simulator—to explore the stability boundaries of real storage systems. To meet this goal, SANgo offers a variety of interfaces for easy monitoring and tuning of the simulated model. These interfaces allow us to track the number of metrics of such components as storage controllers, network connections, and hard-drives. Other interfaces allow altering the parameter values of the simulated system effectively in real-time, thus providing the possibility for training a realistic digital twin using, for example, the reinforcement learning (RL) approach. One can train an RL model to reduce discrepancies between simulated and real SAN data. The external control algorithm can adjust the simulator parameters to make the difference as small as possible. SANgo supports the standard OpenAI gym interface; thus, the software can serve as a benchmark for comparison of different learning algorithms.
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Yachba, Khadidja, Shahin Gelareh, and Karim Bouamrane. "Storage Management of Hazardous Containers Using the Genetic Algorithm." Transport and Telecommunication Journal 17, no. 4 (2016): 371–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ttj-2016-0033.
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Abstract This work discusses the problem of dangerous containers storage in a container terminal. Container terminal represents an essential intermodal interfaces for global transportation network. Several materials handling possible to move containers at the port to better meet the needs of ships awaiting loading or unloading. Have a good organization of the terminal's container storage area requires a special effort. Containers search times can be considerable and lead to delays causing financial penalties for terminal management operators. An optimal location for a container in a terminal is very important for companies because this operation reduces transportation costs. In this article, we propose an approach for the placement problem of hazardous containers through the description of an optimization model to solve and optimize available storage space. The interest of this work is to develop a computer tool to enable the identification of the best location of a hazardous container using the Genetic Algorithm.
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Longshore, Douglas, Susan Turner, and Terry Fain. "Effects of Case Management on Parolee Misconduct." Criminal Justice and Behavior 32, no. 2 (2005): 205–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854804272891.
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The Bay Area Services Network (BASN) provides case management, drug abuse treatment, and links to other health/social services for drug-involved parolees in the San Francisco Bay Area. In a quasi-experimental evaluation, the authors found no difference between BASN and comparison parolees in treatment duration, access to health/social services, drug use days, or criminal recidivism. However, mean scores for dose of case management (number of contacts with case manager) and treatment duration were low among BASN parolees overall. In analyses using BASN parolees only, the authors found those with a stronger case management dose reported fewer drug use days and property offenses. These findings persisted when self-reported abstinence motivation was controlled for as a proxy for self-selection. The effect of case management dose on drug use days was mediated by treatment duration. BASN case management may have had favorable effects on recidivism and drug use when delivered in a sufficient dose.
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Lo, Hong K. "Organizing for Intelligent Transportation Systems: Case Study of Emergency Operations in San Francisco Bay Area." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1603, no. 1 (1997): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1603-05.
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Computer-integrated transportation (CIT) is envisioned as an integrated network of public and private transportation organizations, each with unique responsibilities but working toward a common mission of facilitating travel across all modes of transportation. Research on CIT is extended to emergency operations (EOs) and presented. EOs in California are examined and their role in gathering and using traffic incident information is identified. The basis of coordination between EOs and transportation management centers is established. Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) services and technologies that may be beneficial to EOs are identified, and the similarities and differences between California EOs and the emerging ITS national architecture are compared.
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Berisha, Fikrie. "Archives Management and Permanent Storage of Documents." Atlanti 25, no. 1 (2015): 153–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.33700/2670-451x.25.1.153-161(2015).
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Modern digital archives are modern archives which in big computer devices (servers), preserve archived original document overlooking the moment is produced. Archives in Kosovo assessment of archival documents make in two directions. First; selection of classical documents (on paper) with the value to be transformed into digital documents, and second; selection of contemporary documents produced by institutions of computer and internet era. Management of these digital documents requires procedures and professional standards for its storage and processing by the archive, in order to be ready to serve researchers and interested parties. Access to digital documents should be fast, simple procedures, providing documentation from the penetration of ‘hackers’ and people badly intention. To fulfil its mission digital document should ensure and complement the appearance of the original document. Since the user does not have the option of intervention and change in the document. Should work in protect emblem, which protects the entire area of the document in the form of molten seal, which also shows the ownership of certain archive. Safety documentation and document base by external users will be able to organize, deposit and stored at three levels: Server (1) be stored (saved) archival documents for use by the applicant; Server (2) stored data of the first and simultaneously updates added by continuous processing of new documents; and Server (3) is not accessible from outside through digital network, but stored all digital archive documentation and from here there should be no often exit. In Server 3 only entered document and stored as recent bank. From there, the document will be drawn only if it is missing or damaged document on server 1 and 2.Thus, through this categorization could be provided for long time electronic documents (digital), until to new modern inventions of modern digitalization technology that would ensure the preservation of documents for the ‘real’ long-term or permanent time.
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Yenice, Zeren D., and Funda Samanlioglu. "A Multi-Objective Stochastic Model for an Earthquake Relief Network." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2020 (January 15, 2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1910632.
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Earthquake relief network involves storage and distribution of relief aid to people in need. In this paper, a new stochastic multi-objective mixed integer mathematical model is developed and implemented in Kadikoy municipality of Istanbul, Turkey in order to configure part of the earthquake relief network. The aim of the model is to help decision makers decide on the locations of storage areas for shelters pre-earthquake and distribution of shelters from these areas to temporary shelter areas post-earthquake while minimizing earthquake scenario-specific total expected distribution distance, total expected earthquake damage risk factor of storage areas and expected total penalty cost related to unsatisfied demand at temporary shelter areas, simultaneously. In the model, storage area capacity and coverage distance restrictions are taken into consideration. The data related to potential storage areas and shelter locations were obtained from Kadikoy municipality of Istanbul and Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality (IMM). The earthquake damage risk factors were determined based on possible earthquake scenarios given in Japan International Cooperation Agency’s (JICA) report. Four event scenarios with two different earthquake scenario likelihoods were considered and sample efficient solutions from the Pareto frontier were obtained implementing the normalized (scaled) weighted sum method.
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Ma, Minhua, and Andreas Oikonomou. "Network Architectures and Data Management for Massively Multiplayer Online Games." International Journal of Grid and High Performance Computing 2, no. 4 (2010): 40–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jghpc.2010100104.
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Current-generation Massively Multiplayer Online Games (MMOG), such as World of Warcraft, Eve Online, and Second Life are mainly built on distributed client-server architectures with server allocation based on sharding, static geographical partitioning, dynamic micro-cell scheme, or optimal server for placing a virtual region according to the geographical dispersion of players. This paper reviews various approaches on data replication and region partitioning. Management of areas of interest (field of vision) is discussed, which reduces processing load dramatically by updating players only with those events that occur within their area of interest. This can be managed either through static geographical partitioning on the basis of the assumption that players in one region do not see/interact with players in other regions, or behavioural modelling based on players’ behaviours. The authors investigate data storage and synchronisation methods for MMOG databases, mainly on relational databases. Several attempts of peer to peer (P2P) architectures and protocols for MMOGs are reviewed, and critical issues such as cheat prevention on P2P MMOGs are highlighted.
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Khalid, Zubair, Ghulam Abbas, Muhammad Awais, Thamer Alquthami, and Muhammad Babar Rasheed. "A Novel Load Scheduling Mechanism Using Artificial Neural Network Based Customer Profiles in Smart Grid." Energies 13, no. 5 (2020): 1062. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13051062.
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In most demand response (DR) based residential load management systems, shifting a considerable amount of load in low price intervals reduces end user cost, however, it may create rebound peaks and user dissatisfaction. To overcome these problems, this work presents a novel approach to optimizing load demand and storage management in response to dynamic pricing using machine learning and optimization algorithms. Unlike traditional load scheduling mechanisms, the proposed algorithm is based on finding suggested low tariff area using artificial neural network (ANN). Where the historical load demand individualized power consumption profiles of all users and real time pricing (RTP) signal are used as input parameters for a forecasting module for training and validating the network. In a response, the ANN module provides a suggested low tariff area to all users such that the electricity tariff below the low tariff area is market based. While the users are charged high prices on the basis of a proposed load based pricing policy (LBPP) if they violate low tariff area, which is based on RTP and inclining block rate (IBR). However, we first developed the mathematical models of load, pricing and energy storage systems (ESS), which are an integral part of the optimization problem. Then, based on suggested low tariff area, the problem is formulated as a linear programming (LP) optimization problem and is solved by using both deterministic and heuristic algorithms. The proposed mechanism is validated via extensive simulations and results show the effectiveness in terms of minimizing the electricity bill as well as intercepting the creation of minimal-price peaks. Therefore, the proposed energy management scheme is beneficial to both end user and utility company.
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S. Ahmed, Khaled, and Fayroz F. Sherif. "Smart management and control system for liquid radioactive waste in hospitals using neural network techniques." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 9, no. 3 (2020): 607. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v9i3.30729.
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In tertiary hospitals where the nuclear medicine services have been introduced, the radioactive materials used in diagnosis and / or treatment need to be handled. The hospital design and medical planning should consider such these materials and their policy for treatment. The nuclear wastes have been divided into solid and liquid based on the used materials and for their half-life times which start from few minutes till reaching years. In our study, the most common radioactive liquid materials (wastes) have been treated by smart system. The system will detect the material of the waste via nuclear sensors and based on its HLT (activities), it will be distributed in two shielded storage tanks classified based on capacity then to the sewage treatment plant (STP) of the hospital after keeping for required times. The location and capacity of these tanks together with their monitoring and control system should be considered in design stage which determines the treatment processes. By applying our proposed technique on two hospitals, the results have reduced the storage tank capacity by 87% (reduction) and space area leading to cost reduction by 72% keeping the maximum level of safety.
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Santos, Maria J., Shruti Khanna, Erin L. Hestir, et al. "Use of Hyperspectral Remote Sensing to Evaluate Efficacy of Aquatic Plant Management." Invasive Plant Science and Management 2, no. 3 (2009): 216–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ipsm-08-115.1.
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AbstractInvasive aquatic weeds negatively affect biodiversity, fluvial dynamics, water quality, and water storage and conveyance for a variety of human resource demands. In California's Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta, one submersed species—Brazilian egeria—and one floating species—waterhyacinth—are actively managed to maintain navigable waterways. We monitored the spatial and temporal dynamics of these species and their communities in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta using airborne hyperspectral data and assessed the effect of herbicide treatments used to manage these species from 2003 to 2007. Each year, submersed aquatic plant species occupied about 12% of the surface area of the Delta in early summer and floating invasive plant species occupied 2 to 3%. Since 2003, the coverage of submersed aquatic plants expanded about 500 ha, whereas the coverage of waterhyacinth was reduced. Although local treatments have reduced the coverage of submersed aquatic plants, Delta-wide cover has not been significantly reduced. Locally, multiyear treatments could decrease submersed aquatic plants spread, given that no residual plants outside the treated area were present. In contrast, the spread of waterhyacinth either has been constant or has decreased over time. These results show that (1) the objectives of the Egeria densa Control Program (EDCP) have been hindered until 2007 by restrictions imposed on the timing of herbicide applications; (2) submersed aquatic plants appeared to function as ecosystem engineers by enabling spread to adjacent areas typically subject to scouring action; (3) repeated herbicide treatment of waterhyacinth has resulted in control of the spread of this species, which also appears to have facilitated the spread of waterprimrose and floating pennywort. These results suggest that management of the Delta aquatic macrophytes may benefit by an ecosystem-level implementation of an Integrated Delta Vegetation Management and Monitoring Program, rather than targeting only two problematic species.
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Xiong, Yong-Hua, Lei Li, Ke-Yuan Jiang, and Hong Yu. "Third-Party Broker-Based Resource Management in Mobile Computing." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 20, no. 2 (2016): 262–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2016.p0262.
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During the last decade, mobile user experience created a new profit structure, thanks to the massive growth in the use of smart mobile devices and the large amount of mobile data it has generated. Owing to this growth, mobile resource management (e.g., bandwidth, computing resources, etc.) has become a big challenge in mobile computing. This article proposes a broker technology that is based on a resource management optimization method and that effectively utilizes local area network (LAN) resources to perform computing tasks for a single mobile client. This technology thus extends the computing paradigm of mobile transparent computing (MTC) with the characteristics of local mobile device computing and remote server storage to include LAN computing and remote server storage as well. Through the cooperation between the management center, request manager, connection manager, and processor manager of a third-party broker (TPB) for managing, respectively the computing resources, user requests, network connections, and other services in MTC, the TPB is able to support mobile computation-intensive and resource-consuming tasks, and handle fluctuation in users' requests. Several experiments were carried out in a testbed environment of MTC to demonstrate the validity and efficiency of the proposed architecture and method. Experiment results showed that the TPB is effective and stable in optimizing resource utilization.
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WAKABAYASHI, Hiroshi, and Hiroyuki KAMEDA. "Analysis of Functional Effects of the 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake on the San Francisco Bay Area Road Network and Evaluation of Traffic Management." INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING REVIEW 10 (1992): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/journalip.10.103.
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Bigelow, Paul, Lee Benda, and Sarah Pearce. "Delineating incised stream sediment sources within a San Francisco Bay tributary basin." Earth Surface Dynamics 4, no. 3 (2016): 531–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esurf-4-531-2016.
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Abstract. Erosion and sedimentation pose ubiquitous problems for land and watershed managers, requiring delineation of sediment sources and sinks across landscapes. However, the technical complexity of many spatially explicit erosion models precludes their use by practitioners. To address this critical gap, we demonstrate a contemporary use of applied geomorphometry through a straightforward GIS analysis of sediment sources in the San Francisco Bay Area in California, USA, designed to support erosion reduction strategies. Using 2 m lidar digital elevation models, we delineated the entire river network in the Arroyo Mocho watershed (573 km2) at the scale of ∼ 30 m segments and identified incised landforms using a combination of hillslope gradient and planform curvature. Chronic erosion to the channel network was estimated based on these topographic attributes and the size of vegetation, and calibrated to sediment gage data, providing a spatially explicit estimate of sediment yield from incised channels across the basin. Rates of erosion were summarized downstream through the channel network, revealing patterns of sediment supply at the reach scale. Erosion and sediment supply were also aggregated to subbasins, allowing comparative analyses at the scale of tributaries. The erosion patterns delineated using this approach provide land use planners with a robust framework to design erosion reduction strategies. More broadly, the study demonstrates a modern analysis of important geomorphic processes affected by land use that is easily applied by agencies to solve common problems in watersheds, improving the integration between science and environmental management.
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Mok, Hei-Tat, and Roger E. Smith. "Prediction of Highway Performance Monitoring System’s Present Serviceability Rating for Local Agencies Using San Francisco Bay Area Pavement Management System." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1592, no. 1 (1997): 107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1592-13.
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Several local agencies in the San Francisco Bay Area use the Metropolitan Transportation Commission (MTC) pavement management system (PMS) that requires a pavement condition index (PCI) as the primary condition measure. This PCI is based on distress types, severities, and quantities. However, several of these local agencies must also submit present serviceability rating (PSR) data on a sample of their network for use in the Highway Performance Monitoring System (HPMS). Currently, these agencies use a trained rater to determine a subjective PSR value for each HPMS section to report to FHWA and another set of trained raters to inspect the pavement for surface observable distress from which the PCI is calculated. A study was performed to develop mathematical models to relate the PCI used in the MTC PMS to the subjective PSR submitted by local agencies for FHWA’s HPMS reports. Regression equations were developed to predict the PSR values, as defined for HPMS, from Bay Area PCI values and subcomponents of the PCI. These equations have R2 values that show moderate to strong relationships between the HPMS PSR and the MTC PCI. They provide reasonable values at or near the boundaries of the PSR scale. The local agencies using the Bay Area PMS can use these equations to estimate a PSR value from the inspection required for the PMS without inspecting pavement sections a second time.
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Wang, Jin, Youjun Jiang, Li Li, et al. "How to Guarantee Food Safety via Grain Storage? An Approach to Improve Management Effectiveness by Machine Learning Algorithms." Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2, no. 8 (2021): 675–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.37871/jbres1296.
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The purpose of grain storage management is to dynamically analyze the quality change of the reserved grains, adopt scientific and effective management methods to delay the speed of the quality deterioration, and reduce the loss rate during storage. At present, the supervision of the grain quality in the reserve mainly depends on the periodic measurements of the quality of the grains and the milled products. The data obtained by the above approach is accurate and reliable, but the workload is too large while the frequency is high. The obtained conclusions are also limited to the studied area and not applicable to be extended into other scenarios. Therefore, there is an urgent need of a general method that can quickly predict the quality of grains given different species, regions and storage periods based on historical data. In this study, we introduced Back-Propagation (BP) neural network algorithm and support vector machine algorithm into the quality prediction of the reserved grains. We used quality index, temperature and humidity data to build both an intertemporal prediction model and a synchronous prediction model. The results show that the BP neural network based on the storage characters from the first three periods can accurately predict the key storage characters intertemporally. The support vector machine can provide precise predictions of the key storage characters synchronously. The average predictive error for each of wheat, rice and corn is less than 15%, while the one for soybean is about 20%, all of which can meet the practical demands. In conclusion, the machine learning algorithms are helpful to improve the management effectiveness of grain storage.
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Wan, Shi Xin, Lan Xin Li, and Shu Fang Song. "Safety Monitoring System Design and Key Technologies for Wide Area Nuclear Power Generation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 448-453 (October 2013): 3576–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.448-453.3576.
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To improve the safe operation level of nuclear power plants, the design principle and overall architecture of safety monitoring system for nuclear power generation were proposed from the aspect of technology development and wide area security. The constitution, monitoring scope and main functions including image surveillance, alarm, data storage and processing, security protection and network management etc., were designed. The key technologies involved, such as image recognition, data compression, remote transmission and monitoring and so on, were analyzed. The target technical indicators were put forward.
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Cao, Ping, Ke-zhu Song, Jun-feng Yang, and Fu-ming Ruan. "Design of a large remote seismic exploration data acquisition system, with the architecture of a distributed storage area network." Journal of Geophysics and Engineering 8, no. 1 (2010): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-2132/8/1/005.
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Tretyakov, Evgeniy, Alexey Artamonov, Maria Grigorieva, Alexei Klimentov, Shawn McKee, and Ilija Vukotic. "TRACER (TRACe route ExploRer): A tool to explore OSG/WLCG network route topologies." International Journal of Modern Physics A 36, no. 05 (2021): 2130005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x21300052.
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The experiments at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) rely upon a complex distributed computing infrastructure (WLCG) consisting of hundreds of individual sites worldwide at universities and national laboratories, providing about half a billion computing job slots and an exabyte of storage interconnected through high speed networks. Wide Area Networking (WAN) is one of the three pillars (together with computational resources and storage) of LHC computing. More than 5 PB/day are transferred between WLCG sites. Monitoring is one of the crucial components of WAN and experiments operations. In the past years all experiments have invested significant effort to improve monitoring and integrate networking information with data management and workload management systems. All WLCG sites are equipped with perfSONAR servers to collect a wide range of network metrics. We will present the latest development to provide the 3D force directed graph visualization for data collected by perfSONAR. The visualization package allows site admins, network engineers, scientists and network researchers to better understand the topology of our Research and Education networks and it provides the ability to identify nonreliable or/and nonoptimal network paths, such as those with routing loops or rapidly changing routes.
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Carroll, C., R. D. Connolly, D. M. Freebairn, J. Francis, D. M. Silburn, and B. Simpson. "A simulation study of erosion in the Emerald Irrigation Area." Soil Research 37, no. 3 (1999): 479. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/s98096.
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Sedimentation in the drainage network of the Emerald Irrigation Area (near Emerald, Queensland), as a result of erosion from irrigated farms, is a serious problem. Deposited sediment changes the hydraulic characteristics of the drains causing flooding and is difficult and expensive to remove. We used the GLEAMS erosion model to simulate a range of management strategies aimed at reducing sedimentation in the drains by reducing erosion at the bay/field scale or retaining eroded sediment on-farm. GLEAMS was set up and tested using data measured at the rainfall simulator (12 m2), furrow (0·2–0·3 ha), and bay (20–30 ha) scales. Comparisons of measured with predicted sediment transport indicated the model accurately reproduced effects of several management treatments on sediment transport and the size distribution of eroded sediment at the bay scale. To reproduce accurately size distribution of eroded sediment, though, an important parameter, clay content of surface soil, had to be substantially distorted from measured values. GLEAMS was used to simulate sediment transport from a typical farm producing irrigated cotton. Management strategies simulated included conventional (bare), stubble retained, cover in the tail-drain, drip irrigation, and addition of a silt-trap and storage. The most effective management strategies for reducing erosion and sediment transport at the bay scale were stubble retained and drip irrigation. Stubble retained+drip irrigation almost eliminated sediment transport. Addition of a silt-trap and storage with conventional management reduced sediment transport off-farm by 45%. Use of a silt-trap with improved field management further reduced sediment transport. Erosion and sediment transport at the bay scale was sensitive to changes in the furrow/tail-drain layout. Changes in the furrow/tail-drain layout from the original design should be undertaken carefully so as not to increase sediment transport off-farm.
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Zhang, Shuai, and Huilin Gao. "Using the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) to Improve the Spatial Coverage of the MODIS Based Reservoir Monitoring Network in South Asia." Remote Sensing 12, no. 5 (2020): 745. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12050745.
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Satellite remote sensing of near real-time reservoir storage variations has important implications for flood monitoring and water resources management. However, satellite altimetry data, which are essential for estimating storage variations, are only available for a limited number of reservoirs. This lack of high-density spatial coverage directly hinders the potential use of remotely sensed reservoir information for improving the skills of hydrological modeling over highly regulated river basins. To solve this problem, a reservoir storage dataset with high-density spatial coverage was developed by combining the water surface area estimated from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) imageries with the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data collected by the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM). By including more reservoirs, this reservoir dataset represents 46.6% of the overall storage capacity in South Asia. The results were validated over five reservoirs where gauge observations are accessible. The storage estimates agree well with observations, with coefficients of determination ranging from 0.47 to 0.91 and normalized root mean square errors (NRMSE) ranging from 15.46% to 37.69%. Given the general availability of MODIS and SRTM data, this algorithm can be potentially applied for monitoring global reservoirs at a high density.
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Gong, Mao Fa, Xin Yuan Xu, Jian Ping Liu, Li Guo Ma, and Xu Zhang. "Multi-Loop Network Power Grid Monitor Based on the Embedded Operating System." Advanced Materials Research 468-471 (February 2012): 2119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.468-471.2119.
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The paper advances a multi-loop network power grid monitor based on S3C2410 microprocessor and ATT7022B power measuring chip. Combining the widespread network and low-cost but high performance developing ideology, the paper expands a new network power grid monitor design process. After ATT7022B processes voltage and current data acquisition, the processed data can be read and stored in the local storage unit by S3C2410; If Ethernet link with the local area network, the power parameters can be transmitted to the management computer by Socket pattern, also can be reviewed through the WEB browser, realizing fast automated meter reading and network control. The device, after a period of probation, operates well and featured for its stability, less error, low cost, etc, and has much considerable market value.
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Hakeem, Shimaa A. Abdel, Sherine M. Abd El-Kader, and HyungWon Kim. "A Key Management Protocol Based on the Hash Chain Key Generation for Securing LoRaWAN Networks." Sensors 21, no. 17 (2021): 5838. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21175838.
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Recently, many Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) protocols have been proposed for securing resource-constrained Internet of Things (IoT) devices with negligible power consumption. The Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) is a low power communication protocol that supports message authentication, integrity, and encryption using two-session preshared secret keys. However, although the LoRaWAN supports some security functions, it suffers from session key generation and key update problems. This motivates us to introduce a new key management protocol that resolves the LoRaWAN problems and supports key updates. The proposed protocol is based on hash chain generation using a one-way hash function. Network entities share a common hash chain of n key elements to allow using a unique signing key per message. We also propose a salt hashing algorithm that encrypts the original keys into a different form to avoid the physical attacks at the end device side. We analyzed the proposed key generation performance in terms of the computation time, the required storage, and the communication overhead. We implemented and tested the proposed key generation protocol using the NS-3 network simulator. The proposed lightweight key generation protocol significantly enhances the security of the original LoRaWAN at a negligible overhead. The proposed protocol reduces the power consumption and transmission time by two times compared with some previous protocols. In addition, the proposed key generation protocol can resist attacks, such as key compromising attacks and replay attacks, and it supports the Perfect Forward Secrecy, which was not supported by LoRaWAN.
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Azimi Nasab, Morteza, Mohammad Zand, Mohsen Eskandari, Padmanaban Sanjeevikumar, and Pierluigi Siano. "Optimal Planning of Electrical Appliance of Residential Units in a Smart Home Network Using Cloud Services." Smart Cities 4, no. 3 (2021): 1173–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/smartcities4030063.
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One of the important aspects of realizing smart cities is developing smart homes/buildings and, from the energy perspective, designing and implementing an efficient smart home area energy management system (HAEMS) is vital. To be effective, the HAEMS should include various electrical appliances as well as local distributed/renewable energy resources and energy storage systems, with the whole system as a microgrid. However, the collecting and processing of the data associated with these appliances/resources are challenging in terms of the required sensors/communication infrastructure and computational burden. Thanks to the internet-of-things and cloud computing technologies, the physical requirements for handling the data have been provided; however, they demand suitable optimization/management schemes. In this article, a HAEMS is developed using cloud services to increase the accuracy and speed of the data processing. A management protocol is proposed that provides an optimal schedule for a day-ahead operation of the electrical equipment of smart residential homes under welfare indicators. The proposed system comprises three layers: (1) sensors associated with the home appliances and generation/storage units, (2) local fog nodes, and (3) a cloud where the information is processed bilaterally with HAEMS and the hourly optimal operation of appliances/generation/storage units is planned. The neural network and genetic algorithm (GA) are used as part of the HAEMS program. The neural network is used to predict the amount of workload corresponding to users’ requests. Improving the load factor and the economic efficiency are considered as the objective function that is optimized using GA. Numerical studies are performed in the MATLAB platform and the results are compared with a conventional method.
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Altaf, Saud, Shafiq Ahmad, Mazen Zaindin, and Muhammad Waseem Soomro. "Xbee-Based WSN Architecture for Monitoring of Banana Ripening Process Using Knowledge-Level Artificial Intelligent Technique." Sensors 20, no. 14 (2020): 4033. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20144033.
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Real-time monitoring of fruit ripeness in storage and during logistics allows traders to minimize the chances of financial losses and maximize the quality of the fruit during storage through accurate prediction of the present condition of fruits. In Pakistan, banana production faces different difficulties from production, post-harvest management, and trade marketing due to atmosphere and mismanagement in storage containers. In recent research development, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are progressively under investigation in the field of fruit ripening due to their remote monitoring capability. Focused on fruit ripening monitoring, this paper demonstrates an Xbee-based wireless sensor nodes network. The role of the network architecture of the Xbee sensor node and sink end-node is discussed in detail regarding their ability to monitor the condition of all the required diagnosis parameters and stages of banana ripening. Furthermore, different features are extracted using the gas sensor, which is based on diverse values. These features are utilized for training in the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) through the Back Propagation (BP) algorithm for further data validation. The experimental results demonstrate that the projected WSN architecture can identify the banana condition in the storage area. The proposed Neural Network (NN) architectural design works well with selecting the feature data sets. It seems that the experimental and simulation outcomes and accuracy in banana ripening condition monitoring in the given feature vectors is attained and acceptable, through the classification performance, to make a better decision for effective monitoring of current fruit condition.
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Shahryari, Om-Kolsoom, Amjad Anvari-Moghaddam, and Shadi Shahryari. "Demand side management using the internet of energy based on LoRaWAN technology." Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research 2, no. 3 (2017): 112–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.24017/science.2017.3.35.
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The smart grid, as a communication network, allows numerous connected devices such as sensors, relays and actuators to interact and cooperate with each other. An Internet-based solution for electricity that provides bidirectional flow of information and power is internet of energy (IoE) which is an extension of smart grid concept. A large number of connected devices and the huge amount of data generated by IoE and issues related to data transmission, process and storage, force IoE to be integrated by cloud computing. Furthermore, in order to enhance the performance and reduce the volume of transmitted data and process information in an acceptable time, fog computing is suggested as a layer between IoE layer and cloud layer. This layer is used as a local processing level that leads to reduction in data transmissions to the cloud. So, it can save energy consumption used by IoE devices to transmit data into cloud because of a long range, low power, wide area and low bit rate wireless telecommunication system which is called LoRaWAN. All devices in fog domain are connected by long range wide area network (LoRa) into a smart gateway. The gateway which bridges fog domain and cloud, is introduced for scheduling devices/appliances by creating a priority queue which can perform demand side management dynamically. The queue is affected by not only the consumer importance but also the consumer policies and the status of energy resources.
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Chen, Guo You, Jia Jia Miao, Feng Xie, and Han Dong Mao. "A Framework for Storage Security in Cloud Computing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 278-280 (January 2013): 1767–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.278-280.1767.
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Cloud computing has been a hot researching area of computer network technology, since it was proposed in 2007. Cloud computing also has been envisioned as the next-generation architecture of IT Enterprise [1]. Cloud computing infrastructures enable companies to cut costs by outsourcing computations on-demand. It moves the application software and database to the large data centers, where the management of the data and services may not be fully trustworthy [2]. This poses many new security challenges. In this paper, we just focus on data storage security in the cloud, which has been the most important aspect of quality of service. To ensure the confidentiality and integrity of user’s data in the cloud, and support of data dynamic operations, such as modification, insertion and deletion, we propose a framework for storage security, which includes cryptographic storage scheme and data structure. With our framework, the untrusted server cannot learn anything about the plaintext, and the dynamic operation can be finished in short time. The encryption algorithm and data storage structure is simple, and it’s easy to maintain. Hence, our framework is practical to use today.
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Ding, Jian, Ke Hong Wu, and Zhi Bing Ding. "Study on the Military Environmental Information Management with GIS." Advanced Materials Research 113-116 (June 2010): 561–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.113-116.561.
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The application of GIS technology to Military Environmental Information(MEI) management will play a vital role in MEI management, and can lead to better decision-making. This paper discusses both the management method and the application fields. Case studies, like information management, pollution coverage evaluating, military transportation planning and monitoring, and decision-making supporting, are presented in this paper. Detailed digital basemap database, Digital Elevation Model(DEM) data, Digital OrthoImage Model(DOM) data, image database of Remote Sensing, Social economic element database, and other informations related to military features, can be integrated into MEI GIS, and will meet the needs for later query and statistics. Spatial analysis is the bridge that links fundamental data models to GIS technology. While buffer analysis can be used for identifying the locations of hazardous chemical storage sites in relation to residents living area, and can facilitate the evaluation of the threatened area in the event of a leak or spill of hazardous materials. Network analysis can be used in military transportation planning and monitoring. GIS is particularly useful in providing composite visual representation of fairly complex underlying model calculations, analysts can draw implicit and important conclusion from the already known geographical data. The study shows that the management of MEI using GIS technology is reasonable and feasible, and GIS is a highly efficient tool in MEI management.
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Head, P. C., D. H. Crawshaw, and S. K. Rasaratnam. "Fylde Coast Bathing Water Improvements – Storm Water Management for Compliance with Bathing Water Directive." Water Science and Technology 22, no. 10-11 (1990): 223–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1990.0308.
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As part of the investigations to determine the most appropriate scheme to bring the Fylde Coast bathing waters up to the quality required by the EC Bathing Water Directive, mathematical models have been used to examine the hydraulic behaviour of the sewerage system and the subsequent dispersion of effluent in the receiving waters. The discharge characteristics of the existing sewerage systems were examined by means of an extensive WASSP model, validated by means of flow measurements gathered from critical points of the sewer network. This model was then used, in conjunction with a time series rainfall record for the area, to investigate the effect of the intensity and duration of rainfall events on the volume of storm sewage to be discharged. Because the area is drained by a combined system, the management of storm water is of utmost importance and the output of the WASSP model was used to determine the input to the coastal dispersion model for rainfall events. A preliminary examination of the possible sites for sewage treatment works and sea outfalls, for sewage and storm water, suggested four possible schemes involving either inland treatment, marine treatment or a combination of the two. All options required the discharge of storm water to the sea. Extensive dispersion modelling was carried out to examine the probable effects of various storm-water management strategies on bacterial concentrations in the receiving waters. From this it was apparent that storage of storm flows, with controlled discharge, at the state of tide when environmental impact would be minimal, was required to achieve compliance with the provisions of the Directive. By integrating the WASSP modelling of various base-flow and storm-water storage options with dispersion modelling, it was possible to establish appropriate design criteria.
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Zhang, Zheng-kun, Chang-feng Zhu, Qing-rong Wang, and Jia-shan Yuan. "Discrete Robustness Optimization on Emergency Transportation Network Based on Prospect Theory." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2019 (March 4, 2019): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2728073.
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This paper focuses on the discrete robustness optimization of emergency transportation network with the consideration of timeliness and decision behavior of decision-maker under the limited rationality. Based on a situation that the nearer to disaster area, the higher probability of time delay, prospect theory is specially introduced to reflect the subjective decision behavior of decision-maker. Then, a discrete robustness optimization model is proposed with the purpose of the better timeliness and robustness. The model is based on the emergency transportation network with multistorage centers and multidisaster points. In order to obtain the optimal solution, an improved genetic algorithm is designed by introducing a bidirectional search strategy based on a newfangled path cluster to obtain specific paths that connect each storage centers and each disaster points. Finally, a case study is exhibited to demonstrate the reasonability of the model, theory, and algorithm. The result shows that the path cluster with the better timeliness and robustness can be well obtained by using the prospect theory and improved genetic algorithm. The analysis especially reveals that the robustness is correspondent to the risk aversion in prospect theory.
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Wang, Yan-Yun, Qing-Jin Fu, Xiao Ning, Ge-Gu Chen, and Chun-Li Yao. "Hydrothermal preparation of Phyllostachys pubescens – nanocellulose/graphene aerogel as a simple device for supercapacitors." BioResources 15, no. 1 (2019): 677–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.15.1.677-690.
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Bamboo nanocellulose can be regarded as a promising biomass material for the preparation of sustainable energy devices due to its unique structure, excellent properties, and wide range of sources. A highly conductive electrochemical energy storage was synthesized due to the excellent electrical conductivity of graphene and the high surface area of nanocellulose and graphene, which was beneficial for producing a network structure. The symmetric capacitor assembled from the Phyllostachys pubescens nanocellulose/graphene aerogel (CGA) electrode exhibited a high specific capacitance of 125.5 F/g at 5 mV/s and extreme stability of 98.3% capacitance retention ratio after 5000 cycles at 2 A/g. This nanocellulose-graphene electrode showed potential for future high-performance supercapacitors.
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Reisenbüchler, Markus, Minh Duc Bui, and Peter Rutschmann. "Reservoir Sediment Management Using Artificial Neural Networks: A Case Study of the Lower Section of the Alpine Saalach River." Water 13, no. 6 (2021): 818. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13060818.
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Reservoir sedimentation is a critical issue worldwide, resulting in reduced storage volumes and, thus, reservoir efficiency. Moreover, sedimentation can also increase the flood risk at related facilities. In some cases, drawdown flushing of the reservoir is an appropriate management tool. However, there are various options as to how and when to perform such flushing, which should be optimized in order to maximize its efficiency and effectiveness. This paper proposes an innovative concept, based on an artificial neural network (ANN), to predict the volume of sediment flushed from the reservoir given distinct input parameters. The results obtained from a real-world study area indicate that there is a close correlation between the inputs—including peak discharge and duration of flushing—and the output (i.e., the volume of sediment). The developed ANN can readily be applied at the real-world study site, as a decision-support system for hydropower operators.