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Akila, A., and P. Shalini. "Food grain storage management system." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.31 (May 29, 2018): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.31.13433.
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Food grain Wastage cripples a country’s economy to a great extent. Food grain wastage is also associated with wastage of water, manpower during agricultural activities and electricity power used in food processing industries. It even causes deforestation. Adequate measures have to be taken to properly store the food grains so that they remain edible. The proposed storage management system uses the sensors to measure the levels of humidity, temperature and ammonia gas which will help us monitor quality of the food grains. The main idea is to identify the quality of the food grains using the sensors such as Temperature, Humidity and Ammonia Gas. The Quality of the food grain is measured using the factors like Humidity, Temperature and Ammonia gas sensors and sent through Wireless Communication to the server and the server makes the decision and alarms about the quality of the food grain to the maintenance people. Food grain Wastage cripples a country’s economy to a great extent. Food grain wastage is also associated with wastage of water, manpower during agricultural activities and electricity power used in food processing industries. It even causes deforestation. Adequate measures have to be taken to properly store the food grains so that they remain edible. The proposed storage management system uses the sensors to measure the levels of humidity, temperature and ammonia gas which will help us monitor quality of the food grains. The standard of identifying the food quality could be improved by using more sensors and can be implemented in the Food Storage Industry.
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Pattanaik, B. B., and R. K. Tripathi. "Grain storage research: handling and storage of food grains in India." Indian Journal of Entomology 78, special (2016): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-8172.2016.00021.3.
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Kuzmanov, D., and N. Dimitrov. "Forecasting the necessity of grain fumigation during storage." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 27, No. 3 (July 27, 2009): 210–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/2654-cjfs.
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According to the simulation models composed for the population growth and feeding damage of the insects: <i>Sitophilus oryzae</i> (L.), <i>Sitophilus granarius</i> (L.) and <i>Rhizopertha dominica</i> (F.) the populations densities have been determined at which the grain fumigation costs at using phosphorus hydrogen preparations equal the damage values caused by insects. The necessity of fumigation can be forecasted, according to the population growth time up to these limits. For this purpose, simulation models at temperatures of 21, 24, 27, and 30°C have been used. The products of time and temperature should be calculated at different temperatures and compared according to the simulation results and forecast temperature values during grain storage in particular granary. The action thresholds have been determined according to the models, at which fumigation should be carried out so that no economical losses or quality deterioration of grain be admitted. The results forecast have also been confirmed by freshly harvested wheat storage in a flat storehouse and a metal silo bin. It has been established that grain fumigation can be avoided if grain is stored in flat storehouses and cooled down by ventilation.
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Ikromovich, Mamatojiev Sharip, Mirzaeva Mutabar Azamovna, and Xadyatullaeva Nafisa Abdusamadovna. "Factors Affecting Grain Storage Processes On Quality Indicators." American Journal of Interdisciplinary Innovations and Research 02, no. 12 (December 25, 2020): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajiir/volume02issue12-09.
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In practice, the durability of the combine harvester is of great importance because during this period the seeds acquire a conditioning character during cultivation and meet the requirements of state standards for sowing quality. Technological longevity is a term in which baking, fodder or technical properties must be preserved during the grain harvesting period. For cereal or polluting mixtures in accordance with current standards, seeds of wild plants and some cultivated plants that belong to them breathe during storage, they undergo the last ripening processes from the collection and bruising under certain conditions. These include all the patterns and features inherent in the main type of culture that makes up the grain mass.
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Tefera, Tadele, Addis Teshome, and Charles Singano. "Effectiveness of Improved Hermetic Storage Structures Against Maize Storage Insect Pests Sitophilus zeamais and Prostephanus truncatus." Journal of Agricultural Science 10, no. 8 (July 10, 2018): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v10n8p100.
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A study was conducted for 12 months to evaluate the effectiveness of two improved hermetic storage structures against two maize storage pests Sitophilus zeamais and Prostephanus truncatus at Liwufu Research Station, Malawi. The storages were metal silo and hermetic bag; Actellic super dust was included as a control. The treatments (storages) were replicated four times under natural and artificial infestations. Grain stored in metal silo had the lowest mean percentage weight loss, 1.04% to 1.25%, 12 months after storage followed by hermetic bag, 2.46% to 6.64%. Grain treated with Actellic super had the highest weight loss, 4.86% to 18.72%. The study showed that hermetic storage structures can be promoted as effective alternative non-chemical methods of grain storage for small holder farmers in Malawi.
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SULZER. "Refrigerated grain storage units." International Journal of Refrigeration 10, no. 3 (May 1987): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-7007(87)90017-x.
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Milanko, Verica, Dusan Gavanski, and Mirjana Laban. "Analysis of the effects of storage conditions on the preservation of soybean quality and the prevention of the self-heating process and the occurrence of fires." Chemical Industry 66, no. 4 (2012): 587–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind110808111m.
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After harvest, oilseed raw materials must be stored for a longer or shorter period of time before further processing. The task of storage is the safekeeping of the stored material with a minimal loss in quality. In order to preserve wet grain until processing, it is necessary to provide proper storage conditions. For this purpose, storage in the atmosphere of inert gases as well as storage in hermetically closed storages is applied. Such method is uncommon for oil cultures in domestic practice. Experimental research, analyzed in this paper, with emphasis on the effects of storage conditions on the preservation of soybean grain quality and the prevention of possibilities of the occurrence of the self-heating and self-ignition process, confirms the advantages of application of such method of storage for soybean grain. Soybean with the moisture content of 10.99% and 16.96% is stored in steel semi-industrial silo cells with carbon-dioxide atmosphere, and in hermetically sealed cell. The changes in temperature in the silo cells, changes in moisture content and discoloration of the soybean grains, as well as the amount of oil and protein in the grain were monitored during the experiment. The quality of the oil in grain was determined through the content of free fatty acids. The results of the research showed that, during longer period of time (216 days), the quality of the soybean grain in the sample with higher moisture content (16,96%) was preserved when storage was performed in carbon dioxide atmosphere. The storage of wet grain in a hermetically closed cell, in relation to the grain kept in carbon dioxide atmosphere, did not record significant differences in the examined indicators. Since the storage under controlled conditions did not result in the development of processes that would lead to the spontaneous heating of the soybean mass, the recommendation is to introduce such storage method for oilseed raw materials into domestic practice, with the additional aim of increasing the degree of protection against fire and explosions.
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Ziegler, Valmor, Cristiano Dietrich Ferreira, Jorge Tiago Schwanz Goebel, Alvaro Batista, Daiane Kroning, and Moacir Cardoso Elias. "Effects of storage temperature on the technological and sensory properties of integral rice with pericarp brown, black and red." Brazilian Journal of Food Research 7, no. 3 (September 19, 2016): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.3895/rebrapa.v7n3.4013.
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Rice storage is essential to meet the demand of processing industries and consumers. Thus, the objective with the study was to evaluate the effects of time and temperature storage whole grain rice grain with brown pericarp, black, and red on the percentage stained, sour, and yellow, colorimetric profile, gravimetric and volumetric yields and sensory parameters. Whole rice grains with brown, black, and red pericarp were stored in 13% at temperatures of 16, 24, 32, and 40 °C for 6 months. After 6 months of storage at 40 °C, the larger increments of yellow grains is observed, which reduces the typification of the grains, reducing the L* value, and increases the values of a* and b* for grains with brown and black pericarp and reducing L*, a* and b* for the grain pericarp red. Brown grain pericarp stored at 40 °C showed increases in the gravimetric and volumetric yield and grain with red pericarp showed an increase in volumetric yield in storage at 40 °C, compared to the beginning of storage. The firmness parameters, flavor, acceptance, and purchase intent, had the best ratings in grains with brown and red pericarp, stored at 24 °C. In general, the storage of whole rice grains in the temperature range between 16 and 24 °C is what provides the smallest changes of the parameters evaluated.
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Likhayo, Paddy, Anani Y. Bruce, Tadele Tefera, and Jones Mueke. "Maize Grain Stored in Hermetic Bags: Effect of Moisture and Pest Infestation on Grain Quality." Journal of Food Quality 2018 (November 4, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2515698.
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Maize (Zea mays) is an important staple food crop produced by the majority of smallholder farmers that provides household food security through direct consumption and income generation. However, postharvest grain losses caused by insect pests during storage pose a major constraint to household food security. Hermetic storage technology is an alternative method that minimises postharvest losses by depleting oxygen and increasing carbon dioxide levels within the storage container through metabolic respiration of the grains, insects, and microorganism. Maize grain was stored for 180 days in hermetic bags or open-weave polypropylene bags to compare quality preservation when subject to initial grain moisture contents of 12, 14, 16, and 18 percent and infestation by Sitophilus zeamais. The moisture content of grain in hermetic bags remained unchanged while in polypropylene bags decreased. Dry grains (12% moisture content) stored well in hermetic bags and suffered 1.2% weight loss while for equivalent grains in polypropylene bags the weight loss was 35.8%. Moist grains (18% moisture content) recorded the lowest insect density (7 adults/kg grain) in hermetic bags while polypropylene bags had the highest (1273 adults/kg grain). Hermetic and polypropylene bags recorded the lowest (0–4 adults/kg grain) and highest (16–41 adults/kg grain) Prostephanus truncatus population, respectively. Discoloured grains were 4, 6, and 12 times more in grains at 14, 16, and 18 than 12 percent moisture content in hermetic bags. Grains at 18% moisture content recorded significantly lower oxygen (10.2%) and higher carbon dioxide (18.9%) levels. Holes made by P. truncatus in the hermetic bags were observed. In conclusion, storage of moist grains (14–18% moisture content) in hermetic bags may pose health risk due to grain discolouration caused by fungal growth that produces mycotoxins if the grains enter the food chain. The study was on only one site which was hot and dry and further investigation under cool, hot, and humid conditions is required.
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Rucins, Adolfs, Evita Straumite, Dainis Viesturs, and Alberts Kristins. "STUDIES OF THE POSSIBILITIES TO USE OZONE FOR THE GRAIN STORAGE." ENVIRONMENT. TECHNOLOGIES. RESOURCES. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 3 (June 16, 2021): 304–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2021vol3.6519.
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In this study was impact of ozone treatment efficiency of wheat quality (physical-chemical and microbiological parameters, chemical composition and germination rate) during storage analysed. Ozone is a powerful oxidizer, used in processing the agricultural products, including inactivation of pathogens and microorganisms.Investigations in the grain storage by using ozone were performed under farm conditions during two grain storage stages. The first stage – August 2019 – February 2020 and the second stage August 2020 – January 2021. In both stages after harvesting winter wheat yield was 6 t ha-1. Winter wheat was ventilated and then stored for about five months in two identical 20 m3 tanks, with an initial grain layer height of 5.1 m and moisture content the first stage of about 14% and the second stage of about 11% and initial grain mass 17.4 t.At the beginning of the storage period the grain in both tanks was ventilated for 8 hours - in one grain storage tank with the outdoor air, in the other with an ozone supply of 28 mg (m3)-1 in the ventilation air. The grain ventilation and storage process was monitored with a specially designed sensor system; the additional parameters of the process (the grain moisture content, temperature, the ozone concentration) were periodically controlled with hand tools. There were analysed changes of the grain parameters during the storage periods in the ozone-supplied tank and in the tank without ozone treatment.The microbiological contamination during storage did not exceed the allowed level; however it was lower in the ozone treated wheat grain than in the ozone untreated grain. The ozone treatment did not affect the grain quality parameters. The grain germination rate for 3 and 5 days of the ozone treated grain was about 20% higher than that of the untreated grain. During storage, microbiological contamination did not exceed the permissible level, but ozone treated grains were lower than those of untreated, grain quality indicators were not affected by ozone treatment, germination of ozone treated grains was about 20% higher than untreated, baking properties were not affected by ozone treatment. The treatment of grain with ozone makes stored grain more expensive approximately 5.00 EUR per ton, due to additional technical equipment required to ensure the ozone treatment process. One can conclude from the attained results that processing the restored grain under the conditions mentioned reduces the grain microbiological contamination; it does not affect the grain quality parameters and baking properties; it slightly improves the grain germination rate and has no impact upon the shell of the grain.
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Cao, Din Gai, Xia Liu, and Xi Hong Li. "Effect of Paddy Hermetic Plastic Tent MAP on Free Fatty Acid Property of Rice during Storage." Advanced Materials Research 282-283 (July 2011): 227–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.282-283.227.
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In this work, effect of big paddy hermetic tent (BPHT) modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) of 0.5mm PE and traditional MAP using 0.05mmPE on free fatty acid property were investigated. The results showed that BPHT, which were charged 5% O2 and 5% CO2, was the optimal storage condition to preserve rice grain fresh. Little O2 decreasing and CO2 increasingwere generated in traditional MAP other than fruits and vegetables, because grain respiration rate were low relatively. After five moths storage of rice grain, BPHT storage inhibited the free fatty acid content increasing and lox enzyme activity. BPHT storage with atmosphere charging at storage beginning was the distinctly energy conservation storage method for grains.
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Kroupa, P., J. Skalický, and P. Kovaříček. "Grain aeration in hangar storage by low-pressure ventilators ." Research in Agricultural Engineering 51, No. 2 (February 7, 2012): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4901-rae.
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In the paper are presented measured values of air output velocity from the stored grain layer in hangar storage within its aeration by low-pressure ventilators. The proper aeration of the stored grain was conducted by three aerating ventilators of which every was individually connected with the “cage” aerating above-ground channel covered by technically woven fabrics. The channel diameter was 400 mm, axial pitch of the aerating channels was 4.5 m. Air output velocity was measured by the vane anemometer AIRFLOW. From the measured values resulted than the air output velocity from the stored grain layer in the hangar storage is insufficient, the used low-pressure ventilators are inconvenient, even lowest air output velocity has not been reached from the stored grain layer, i.e. 0.002 m/s, what is minimum figure determined only for grain conditioning.
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Anvarjonovich, Davronov Qaxramonjon, and Xoliqov Muxridin Bahromjon Ogli. "The effect of grain moisture on grain germination during grain storage." ACADEMICIA: An International Multidisciplinary Research Journal 11, no. 5 (2021): 418–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2249-7137.2021.01412.9.
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Katrii, V. B., K. V. Lystvan, B. V. Morgun, N. V. Sandetska, and L. H. Velykozhon. "Changes of antioxidant activity during storage of wheat grains with different colours." Visnik ukrains'kogo tovaristva genetikiv i selekcioneriv 18, no. 1-2 (January 29, 2021): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.7124/visnyk.utgis.18.1-2.1352.
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Aim. Evaluate the change in antioxidant activity (AOA) during one-month storage period of flour and grist obtained by grinding wheat grains with different colours: white, red and purple. Wheat grain contains components with antioxidant activity. Over time AOA may be changed that is why it is important to investigate the dynamics of AOA changes in wheat samples with different grind flour and whole grain grist. Methods. The level of antioxidant activity of wheat flour spirituous extract and grist was determined based on their capacity to neutralize stable free radicals 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Results. Changes in level of antioxidant activity of cultivar «Bilyava» – white grain, «Kuyalnik» – red and «Chernozerna» – purple grain were investigated. Conclusions. Asymmetric distribution of components with antioxidant properties in wheat grains was observed. The purple grain cultivar demonstrated highest antioxidant activity the while white grain cultivar showed lowest antioxidant activity.Keywords: colored grain, antioxidant activity, flour, grist.
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Ikromovich, Mamatojiev Sharip, Mirzaeva Mutabar Azamovna, Xadyatullaeva Nafisa Abdusamadovna, and Shokirova Gavharxon Nazirg’ulomovna. "Quality Storage Of Grain - A Guarantee Of Production Of Quality Products." American Journal of Horticulture and Floriculture Research 3, no. 05 (May 30, 2021): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajhfr/volume03issue05-02.
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The complexity of organizing the storage of large batches of grain and grain products is due to their physiological and physicochemical properties. Grain is a living organism in which various life processes take place; the intensity of these processes depends on the external environmental conditions. If the external environment has a positive effect on the metabolism of grain cells, it will inevitably worsen the quality of grain and lead to a decrease in quantity. Without a well-organized and timely cleaning, it is impossible to ensure reliable storage of grain varieties and even their effective use in the national economy.
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Kiurchev, S. V., V. A. Verkholantseva, and L. N. Kiurcheva. "Perspective approach in grain storage." Naukovij žurnal «Tehnìka ta energetika» 10, no. 1 (February 7, 2019): 195–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.31548/machenergy2019.01.195.
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Mishra, A., P. Prabuthas, and H. N. Mishra. "Grain storage: methods and measurements." Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods 4, no. 3 (August 8, 2012): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1757-837x.2012.00151.x.
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Scott, T. A., and A. B. Pierce. "The effect of storage of cereal grain and enzyme supplementation on measurements of AME and broiler chick performance." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 81, no. 2 (June 1, 2001): 237–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a00-061.
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There is a concern that feeding newly harvested cereal grain results in poor performance in poultry. A broiler chick apparent metabolizable energy (AME) bioassay was used to measure changes in feeding value of wheat (n = 14), hulless (n = 10) and hulled (n = 14) barley with or without a commercial enzyme appropriate for wheat- or barley-based diets. In the broiler chick bioassay, four pens of six male broiler chicks were fed ad lib, from 4 to 17 d, diets containing 80% of a test cereal grain and a high-protein basal mixture containing 1% “celite” as an acid-insoluble ash marker. Each of the cereal-grain-based diets, with or without enzyme, was tested within 3 mo of harvest and again 6 mo later. With cereal grain storage there were consistent (P < 0.05) increases in feed intake (FI) between 4 and 17 d and body weight (BW) at 17 d of age with wheat-based diets fed wit h (12.5 and 16.9%, respectively, for FI and BW) or without (16.1 and 22.7%) enzyme. In hulless barley diets without enzyme, there was a significant improvement in BW (7.5%) with storage, while storage had a significant effect on FI and BW (2.9 and 6.3%, respectively) when fed with enzyme. For all other barley diets there was a positive effect of storage on FI and BW, but it was not significant. Feed conversion ratios decreased marginally (P > 0.05) with storage of cereal grain. AME of diets was improved within each period by enzyme supplementation. However, there were measurable decreases (P < 0.05) in AME with storage of cereal grains for the three cereal grains with enzyme supplementation (ranging from –3.2 to –8.2%). The r2 of the above measurements for the different sources of cereal grain between storage periods ranged from 0.65 to 0.94, indicating that the relative ranking of the cereal grains, with respect to feeding value, remained similar during storage. Increases in FI with storage were not significantly related to the attempts of the broiler chicks, to maintain metabolizable energy (ME) intake. Therefore, this increases our concerns that “factors” in newly harvested cereal grains may exist and that they may limit voluntary feed intake and/or growth. Key words: Cereal grain storage, AME, broiler performance, wheat, barley
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Kandel, Pragya, Kabita Kharel, Anastasia Njoroge, Bradley W. Smith, Jorge R. Díaz-Valderrama, Ram H. Timilsina, Gokul P. Paudel, and Dieudonne Baributsa. "On-Farm Grain Storage and Challenges in Bagmati Province, Nepal." Sustainability 13, no. 14 (July 16, 2021): 7959. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13147959.
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Farmers in Nepal lose up to one-third of stored grain to pests and diseases. This results in food insecurity and loss of income. To mitigate these losses, farmers use several approaches including pesticide applications on stored grains. We interviewed 241 farmers in Bagmati Province, Nepal, to assess the current on-farm grain storage practices and challenges to improve postharvest management. The results show that rice was the most stored crop (median 1150 kg). About half of farmers stored for at least nine months and grain was mainly used for home consumption. Grain was stored by 66.5 and 69.8% of farmers in granaries (rice) and plastic drums (legumes), respectively. Insects were the most important challenge during storage, and farmers used pesticides to control them. Farmers were more likely to use insecticide on grain (p = 0.000) if they stored rice, used traditional granaries, and had insect damage during storage. The use of improved storage methods (e.g., hermetic bags) was very low for rice (3.5%). There is a need to improve on-farm grain storage by disseminating storage innovations to address postharvest challenges in important crops such as rice.
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Rasi, Jose Roberto, Mario Mollo Neto, and Roberto Bernardo. "Bibliographic prospecting for dryeration process system evaluation in the face of the conventional grain drying." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 410–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol9.iss1.2914.
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The increase in grain production causes a significant increase in the demand for suitable places to receive and store these products for a more extended time and preserve the harvested grains' properties. The drying system in the storage units has become the bottleneck for grain reception. One solution to reduce bottlenecks in the reception of grain storage units is adopting the dry-aeration operation. This work aims to present a bibliographic review of grain drying and the drying system called dryeration, based on prospecting in textual and referential databases of good factors and impact. The use of the dryeration system allows to increase the flow in the reception of the storage units, which, compared with conventional drying methods, generates an increase of over 50% in the capacity of the dryer, reduces energy consumption by up to 30%, removing up to 2% additional grain moisture and provides grains less susceptible to cracking and breaking.
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Mohammadi Shad, Zeinab, and Griffiths Atungulu. "Physical Integrity of Long-Grain Hybrid, Pureline, and Medium-Grain Rice Kernels as Affected by Storage Conditions." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 36, no. 4 (2020): 579–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aea.13727.
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Highlights Rice kernel physical integrity diminished at higher storage temperature and moisture content. Variation in rice kernel physical integrity was noticeable among rice cultivars. Fungal attack lessened rice kernel physical integrity. Abstract . Rice kernel physical integrity directly correlates with rice milling yield and quality. In this study, the impact of storage conditions on rice kernel physical integrity was examined by assessing changes in head rice yield (HRY) and kernel microstructure. Long-grain hybrid (XL753), long-grain pureline (Roy J), and medium-grain (Titan) rice were stored at different storage moisture contents (16% and 21% MCs, wet basis), storage temperatures (20°C, 30°C, and 40°C), and storage durations (4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks); the samples were also treated with antifungals, sodium chloride, and natamycin. Results show that kernel physical integrity was highly dependent on the rice storage environment. At the same storage conditions, the physical integrity of medium-grain cultivar was significantly higher than that for the two long-grains. Generally, the long-grain hybrid rice exhibited more resilience to breakage than pureline under the same storage conditions. An average of 4% reduction in HRY was seen for the three cultivars when 16% MC rice was stored at 40°C compared to at 20°C; however, the HRY reduction was 12% for rice stored at the highest MC (21%). Decreases in kernel physical integrity were also associated with unique microstructural changes in rice kernels. Sodium chloride treatment of rice kernels significantly and negatively impacted their physical integrity during storage compared to natamycin treatment and untreated control samples. Multiple regression models, developed for each cultivar were applicable for predicting changes in rice kernel physical integrity as a function of studied storage conditions and antifungal treatments. Keywords: Antifungal treatment, Head rice yield, Microstructure, Milled rice quality, Storage, Rice kernel physical integrity.
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Chiputula, Jonathan P., Ray A. Bucklin, and Ann R. Blount. "Effect of Moisture Content on Coefficients of Friction between Triticale and Galvanized Steel." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 34, no. 3 (2018): 599–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aea.12575.
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Abstract. Grain physical properties such as coefficients of friction are required to design harvesting, cleaning, and handing equipment, and storage structures. The objective of this study was to measure coefficients of friction between triticale grain and galvanized steel at grain pressures and velocities typical of those seen when filling and emptying storage bins and hoppers. Coefficients of friction were measured using an apparatus consisting of a box with openings so that a galvanized steel blade could be pulled through a sample of grain. The forces required to pulling the blades through the grain were measured for three different moisture contents [8%, 12%, and 16% wet basis(wb)] and three different normal pressures (6.9, 10.3, and 13.8 kPa). The velocity of the blade being pulled through grain was kept constant at 50 mm/min for all pressures and moisture contents. Keywords: Grain bin, Grain pressure, Grain storage.Coefficients of friction were found to be statistically significantly dependent (p <0.0001) on moisture contents of triticale grain and were not statistically significantly influenced (p=0.149) by normal pressures. Coefficients of friction increased with increasing moisture content as has been observed in similar studies for grains including corn, wheat and soybeans. These results provide guidance for selecting physical properties for design of storage structures for triticale. Keywords: Grain bin, Grain pressure, Grain storage.
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Da Silva Berti, Mariana Pina, André Felippe Monteiro Guimaraes, Natalia Arruda, and Christian Luis Ferreira Berti. "DEFICIT IN STATIC GRAIN STORAGE CAPACITY IN THE STATE OF GOIÁS IN THE 2016/17 HARVEST." JOURNAL OF NEOTROPICAL AGRICULTURE 7, no. 1 (April 3, 2020): 70–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.32404/rean.v7i1.3124.
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The Central-West region has been highlighted as the largest agricultural center in the country, accounting for 42% of national grain production. Goiás State represented an amount of 18.9 million tons in the last harvest. Despite the large production, a problem which affects the negotiations and the quality of the harvested grains is storage. A static capacity of 20% higher than grain production is recommended. The objective of this work was to evaluate the storage capacity of grains in the State of Goiás and their respective mesoregions using a comparison with the agricultural production of the Center-West region. The deficit in the static storage capacity of grain in Goiás for the 2016/17 harvest was 25.17% in relation to grain production, since the recommended amount for safe storage is 20% higher than production, which indicates the need for a 45.17% increase in the State’s static storage capacity to supply the demand for products throughout the year and to support the producers so that they can be competitive in the domestic and international markets in the commodity negotiations. Public policies to support the creation and expansion of storage are necessary, since the investment made in the structures is high and the return of spending is not immediate.
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Yamuangmorn, Supapohn, Suchada Jumrus, Sansanee Jamjod, Narit Yimyam, and Chanakan Prom-u-Thai. "Stabilizing Grain Yield and Nutrition Quality in Purple Rice Varieties by Management of Planting Elevation and Storage Conditions." Agronomy 11, no. 1 (January 3, 2021): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11010083.
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Purple rice has become an interesting source of nutritional value among healthy cereal grains. The appropriate cultivation together with post-harvest management would directly benefit farmers and consumers. This study aimed (i) to determine the yield, grain nutritional quality, and antioxidant capacity of purple rice varieties grown at lowland and highland elevations, and (ii) to evaluate the effects of storage conditions on the stability of the rice nutritional value during six months of storage. The high anthocyanin PES variety grown in the lowlands had a higher grain yield than the plants grown in the highlands, but grain anthocyanin concentration had the opposite pattern. In the high antioxidant capacity KAK variety, grain yield and DPPH activity were not significantly different between plants grown at the two elevations. The storage of brown rice and vacuum-sealed packages were both found to preserve greater anthocyanin concentrations in PES, but there was no effect on the DPPH activity of KAK. The grain properties were not significantly different between storage at 4 °C and room temperature. This study suggests that the optimal cultivation practices and storage conditions would result in the higher yield and grain quality of purple rice varieties.
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M. ZHELOBKOVA, O. M., and G. N. STANKEVYCH. "PRACTICAL QUESTIONS FOR SILO BAGS GRAIN STORAGE TECHNOLOGY." Grain Products and Mixed Fodder’s 19, no. 2 (October 4, 2019): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15673/gpmf.v19i2.1442.
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In enterprises with limited capacities and a low-powered grain drying facilities there is a problem of economical and reliable storage of dry, wet and moist grains. One of the options for its successful solution is the application of grain storage technology in silo bags, tested in many enterprises, the basic principle of which is based on the self-preservation of grain under hermetic conditions in an environment of carbon dioxide. To implement this technology, it is necessary to determine the suitability of the batch of grain for loading in the silo bags on the basis of an operational analysis of the grain quality. After loading the grain, the silo bags are sealed, the grain mass is stored for a certain time and then unloaded. After many years of industrial testing of grain storage technology in silobags, recommendations have been developed that allow to ensure the quantity and proper quality of grain in the process of implementation of the technology. To do this, it is provided to carry out a whole range of activities - personnel training, the selection and preparation of a storage area for grain, deratization, the determination of the quality of grain at all stages and a safe shelf-life, depending on the condition of the grain, weighing of the grain; loading silo bags and placing them on the site; drawing of marks for identification of silobags; monitoring of the state of silo bags and grain and the restoration of the integrity of the silo bags throughout the storage period; accounting for grain in the silobags; processing of unconditioned grain; object protection, final analysis of the work performed, identify problems and ways to solve them. The storage site for grain in the silo bags must be cleaned of stubble and grass, sharp objects, grain residues, solid hardwood or the most densely packed soil (the clay surface is undesirable, as precipitation makes imposible laying and unloading of silobags), ensure no stagnation of water during rains and melting snow, provide the possibility of free movement of special equipment on the site. It must be deratized and fenced with a mesh with small openings, a height of at least 1 m and dipped. The analysis of the characteristics of three-layer silobags showed that to optimize the storage of dry grain, it is advisable to use the largest silobags of 90 m in length, since they have a larger capacity, there will be less time spent on dressing and sealing the silobags, saving space between the silo bags lying along one another , there will be less length of silobags to go for tying, as well as saving money on the cost of silobags, the cost of working time and fuel (decreases the number of transfers of special equipment). It is advisable to take into account the possibility of unloading the sleeve during one shift. At all stages (loading, storage, unloading) the determination of the quality of grain, monitoring the condition and restoring the integrity of the silo bags checking the sanitary condition of the site and the presence of baits should be carried out. Precautions should be observed, grain accounting, working with non-standard grain and final analysis of grain storage results should be carried out.
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Lourenço, V. S., K. D. Silva, M. R. Santos, L. L. Bueno, M. B. Resende Junior, and M. P. S. Berti. "Capacity of grain storage and drying in the State of Mato Grosso." Scientific Electronic Archives 13, no. 8 (July 31, 2020): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.36560/13820201054.
Full textAbstract:
Grain storage has as its central objective to stock the grain, giving the producer the advantage of distributing it at the best time, thus creating a favorable and profitable market logistics. The state of Mato Grosso is the country's leader in grain production, however its competitiveness vis-à-vis the rest of the country is historically affected by the many logistical bottlenecks still present, including storage, which for years has been one of the main competitive disadvantages. Given this, data were collected based on research on grain production in the state of Mato Grosso in the IBGE and CONAB databases, with the objective of making an analysis on the current static storage capacity of grain in the state of Mato Grosso. In the year 2019, the static storage capacity is 37.808.087 tons showing a deficit of 29.565.71 tons of grains, so that the mesoregions of North and Southeast Mato Grosso lead with the largest static capacity, but still unable to meet demand.
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Muniz, P. H. P. C., I. C. Custódio, H. A. Fidelis, N. M. Moura, J. R. C. Oliveira Filho, and M. P. S. Berti. "Capacity of grain storage and outflow in the State of Paraná." Scientific Electronic Archives 13, no. 7 (July 1, 2020): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.36560/1372020962.
Full textAbstract:
Grain storage basically consists of collections of regional or national productions in order to store the production for a specific period, with specific objectives such as waiting for a more affordable price or preventing the attack of pests, fungi or even moisture gain , with the aim of preserving the quality of the grains. To guarantee the quality of these grains, factors such as storage and transportation are fundamental within the logistics process of agricultural production. Paraná participates directly in the agricultural economic development, so data were collected based on a survey on grain production in the state of Paraná in the databases of the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, Companhia Nacional de Abastecimento e Cadastro Nacional de Unidades de Abastecimento. In this way, the objective of this article is to make an analysis about the current static storage capacity of grains in the state of Paraná. In the year 2019, the static storage capacity is 29,789,778 thousand tons, showing a deficit of 7,310,222 thousand tons of grain. As for the distribution of the warehouses, it is observed that the mesoregions of the West of Paraná and of the North Central, assume the leadership of regions with greater static capacity of the state of Paraná. Thus, it can be concluded that the static storage capacity of the state of Paraná does not accompany the production growth, presenting a deficit of 24.53% in the static storage capacity of grains in the 2018/2019 harvest.
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Coradi, Paulo C., and Ângelo F. C. Lemes. "Experimental silo-dryer-aerator for the storage of soybean grains." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 22, no. 4 (April 2018): 279–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v22n4p279-285.
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ABSTRACT This study aimed to verify the capacity of silo-dryer-aerator prototype equipment operating as a silo-storage-aerator for soybean quality analysis. Soybeans with water content of 17% (wet basis – w.b.) were dried and stored in a silo-dryer-aerator system that was designed using a drying chamber, four independent storage cells, and a static capacity of 164 kg. Another batch of grains was stored in a silo-storage-aerator with a capacity of 1,200 kg. The experiment was set up in a completely randomized factorial 5 × 4 experimental design including five grain batches stored after being dried at 30, 40, and 50 °C (mixed grains were dried at three temperatures) in the silo-dryer-aerator cells and one mixed grain batch stored in the silo-storage-aerator system under ambient air conditions for four storage times (zero, one, two, and three months). There was no difference between the grains stored in the silo-dryer-aerator and silo-storage-aerator at the end of the three-month storage in terms of the physico-chemical quality. The storage time associated with drying at 50 °C caused a reduction in the physical-chemical quality of the grains. The silo-dryer-aerator system was presented as a possible alternative to store soybean (Glycine max L.) grains.
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Pei, Yu Bin, and Yong Feng. "The Underground Grain Storage Environment Regionalization." Advanced Materials Research 807-809 (September 2013): 2043–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.807-809.2043.
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Our current storage work whether in grain storage concepts or grain storage technology with the green grain storage requirements have a large gap, due to national land resources increasingly tense at the same time, to save land and improve the quality of the food, the granary built underground is the trend, This paper by studying the different regions of our country's ground temperature, underground water, soil and other factors, and in accordance with the general principles of the partition,in accordance with the higher the score, the more favorable for the construction of underground building principle, using AHP to determine the weight of each indicator to study different regional underground grain storage buildings environmental suitability level, the establishment of underground grain storage environment regionalization research results to guide the construction of underground storehouse in our country has a certain application value.
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Chiputula, Jonathan, Emmanuel Ajayi, Ray Bucklin, and Ann R. Blount. "Effects of Moisture Content and Compaction Pressure on Bulk Density of Rye." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 37, no. 3 (2021): 491–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aea.14385.
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HighlightsRye grain compaction was measured for three different moisture contents (8%, 12%, and 16% wet basis) at five different compaction pressures (7, 14, 34, and 55 kPa)Bulk densities were found to be statistically significantly dependent (p < 0.0001) on both the moisture content and applied pressure.Compacted bulk densities increased with increasing applied pressure for all moisture contents.Abstract. Bulk density of agricultural grains is needed to determine the quantity of grain in storage structures and to calculate grain pressures. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of moisture content and applied pressure on bulk density of rye grain at moisture contents and pressures typical of those seen in storage structures. Rye compaction was measured for three moisture contents (8%, 12%, and 16% wet basis) at four compaction pressures (7, 14, 34, and 55 kPa) using a square box (based on the design used by Thompson and Ross, 1983). Data from the compaction tests were used to calculate the bulk densities for the three moisture contents and four compaction pressures. The bulk densities were found to be significantly dependent (p <0.0001) both on moisture contents and the pressure applied. Bulk densities varied with increasing moisture content as has been observed in similar studies for rye and other agricultural grains such as wheat and soybeans. These results provide guidance for estimating bulk density of rye in bins and other storage structures. Keywords: Grain compaction, Grain storage, Kernel rearrangement, Kernel elasticity.
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Kudryashev, G. S., I. V. Dykus, and S. V. Batishchev. "Solar energy storage by grain crops." Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies 82, no. 1 (May 15, 2020): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.20914/2310-1202-2020-1-59-63.
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Irkutsk region is rich in land that is suitable for agricultural activities. The total sown area of agricultural crops in the Irkutsk region is 759 thousand hectares (2019). The main place is occupied by grain and leguminous crops, the total area of which is 540 thousand hectares (71.1%). In their structure, the first place belongs to spring wheat, the second place is taken by spring barley, the third-by oats. Due to the need to strengthen the feed base, forage crops play an increasing role. Yield depends on many factors, primarily weather conditions. For photosynthesis, plant crops need sunlight. By the number of Sunny days, the Irkutsk region is not inferior to the Crimea. There are 221 Sunny days per year. If weather conditions are correctly predicted, a high yield can be achieved. To assess the absorption of solar energy by grain crops, the radiation balance was considered in this article. Photosynthetic plant pigments absorb light and convert it from solar energy to chemical energy, which results in active plant growth. To forecast the future harvest, it is necessary to calculate the intensity and duration of solar radiation, which is the most important condition for further production of agricultural products. A study was conducted on the effectiveness of using insolation in the Irkutsk region for sowing wheat. The radiation balance was compiled, which allowed us to identify the maximum solar radiation favorable for wheat growth. To determine the amount of effective radiation, measurements were made of soil temperature, air humidity, and meteorological conditions in the Irkutsk region.
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Ejrnaes, Mette, and Karl Gunnar Persson. "Grain Storage in Early Modern Europe." Journal of Economic History 59, no. 3 (September 1999): 762–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700023561.
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Scholars have long held strong views about the nature and extent of grain storage in early modern Europe. Direct evidence on the issue is quite poor and inconclusive.1 Randall Nielsen's ambitious attempt at solving the problem in a recent issue of this JOURNAL therefore deserves serious attention.2 Like others before him, Nielsen uses inferences from price behavior in assessing the nature of grain storage. Nielsen identifies three distinguishing implications of profit-maximizing storage for grain price structure.
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Buzek, J. R., and H. I. Epstein. "Preventing Buckling in Grain Storage Silos." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 110, no. 4 (November 1, 1988): 457–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3265629.
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Grain storage silos are essentially pressure vessels, but unlike liquid or gas storage vessels, grain in silos is not always distributed axisymmetrically. Remnant grain obtained from discharging underneath along a diametrical line forms grain ungulas. This produces uneven pressures around the circumference of the silo. The resulting forces have led to buckling in some steel storage silos. This article demonstrates how to approximately calculate these forces in the silo and shows why they can cause buckling of an improperly designed tank. Sufficient base anchorage is suggested as the most effective means for elimination of this buckling problem.
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Jian, Fuji, and Digvir S. Jayas. "The Ecosystem Approach to Grain Storage." Agricultural Research 1, no. 2 (May 25, 2012): 148–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40003-012-0017-7.
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Geng, Yang, and S. Dee Jepsen. "Current Grain Storage and Safety Practices of Ohio Cash Grain Operators." Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health 24, no. 3 (2018): 127–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/jash.12574.
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Abstract. Hazards associated with grain storage facilities are a contributing factor to agricultural injuries and are a perpetual problem for Ohio farmers, especially as on-farm grain storage facilities continue to grow in popularity with producers. To establish effective injury prevention programs, safety professionals must first understand how the industry operates, the culture of the workers, and the current practices used to avoid injuries. This research project was designed to bridge the gap between what is currently known about the hazards that exist on Ohio’s farms, specifically how safety and health information is incorporated at the grain handling and storage facilities. Using a four-part survey, 182 cash grain operators, comprising a convenience sample of farmers attending educational events, were surveyed to determine the type of grain storage and handling facilities used on their farms, the occurrence of out-of-condition grain, and the health and safety factors practiced at these facilities, including their knowledge about potential hazards. Results indicated that the farmers preferred to get safety knowledge from a course or seminar (53.6%) or by reading a magazine or periodical (38.8%). The surveyed farmers indicated that they had higher knowledge of the safety risks of out-of-condition grain than of the health effects from exposure to out-of-condition grain (p < 0.01). They identified personal protective equipment (PPE) as their primary measure to prevent injuries, with the top PPE items being respirators, safety glasses, hearing protection, and gloves. Farmers who encountered out-of-condition grain reported more employees on their farms compared to the other farmers in the sample and reported higher use of PPE. While these results cannot be generalized to Ohio’s entire population of cash grain farmers, they provide a good understanding of the on-farm grain storage and management practices, which will allow a more targeted intervention plan, both in better engineering controls and in future outreach programs. Keywords: Grain storage, PPE use, Health, Safety.
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Quirino, José R., Osvaldo Resende, Natalia N. Fonseca, Daniel E. C. de Oliveira, and Elivânio S. Rosa. "Comparison of equipment for grain sampling." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 23, no. 3 (March 2019): 209–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v23n3p209-214.
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ABSTRACT Grain sampling requires the use of appropriate and accurate equipment. This study aimed to compare grain samplers, manual and mechanical, used in the sampling of soybean loads, during their reception by storage units. The used devices were the manual sampler with 1.80 m length and three opening stages, 2.10 m length and three opening stages; and 2.10 m length and one opening stage, besides the mechanical sampler (pneumatic) and the pelican sampler. The analyzed parameters were the contents of impurity, broken grains, pods, immature grains, and moisture. The significance of effect of treatment was determined by F Test and the means were compared by Tukey test (p < 0.05). The devices used for sampling of soybean grains in vehicles, during their reception by storage units, affect the determination of broken grains, pods and immature grains. However, there was no difference between the types of sampling equipment in the determination of impurity content, and the pelican sampler collected greater percentages of pods and immature grains from the sampled vehicles.
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Mu, Zhenya, Jin Wang, Yan Zhang, Xiaozhe Qi, Li Li, and Jinying Chen. "Effect of Temperature Gradient of Grain Storage on Migration and Distribution of Three Pests." Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2, no. 7 (July 31, 2021): 632–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.37871/jbres1289.
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Temperature gradients were set at the opposite sides of the grain storage: 25°C-30°C, 20°C-30°C, 20°C-35°C, 30°C-30°C. The migration and distribution of imago of Sitophilus oryzae, Rhizopertha dominica and Tribolium castaneum in the grain storage were observed. The results showed significant differences that the distribution trends of imago of Sitophilus oryzae, Rhizopertha dominica and Tribolium castaneum within a certain grain storage temperature gradient (p < 0.05). The temperature gradient of grain storage is 25°C-30°C. Tribolium castaneum tends to gather in the 30°C side area of grain storage, while Sitophilus oryzae has no obvious trend, while Rhizopertha dominica tends to gather in the 25°C. The temperature gradient of grain storage is 20°C-30°C. Both Tribolium castaneum and Sitophilus oryzae tend to gather in the 30°C side area of grain storage, while Rhizopertha dominica tends to gather in the 20°C. The temperature gradient of grain storage is 20°C-35°C. Tribolium castaneum, Sitophilus oryzae and Rhizopertha dominica all tend to gather in the area on the side of grain storage at 35°C. The temperature gradient of grain storage is 30°C-30°C, and there is no obvious trend for Tribolium castaneum. Rhizopertha dominica tends to gather in the 30°C area on the left side of grain storage, while Sitophilus oryzae tends to gather in the 30°C area on the right side of grain storage. After cooling down, it was found that Sitophilus oryzae tended to gather in the center of the grain storage, while the Tribolium castaneum had no obvious trend, and the Rhizopertha dominica tended to gather in the peripheral area of the grain storage.
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Silveira, Rodrigo D., Lêda R. A. Faroni, Raul N. C. Guedes, Maria E. L. R. Queiroz, and Marco A. G. Pimentel. "Biological activity and persistence of pirimiphos-methyl applied to maize grain at different temperatures." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 13, no. 6 (December 2009): 729–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1415-43662009000600010.
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The expansion of dryeration may impose a further problem for insect control with protectants - the high grain temperatures during insecticide spraying. To assess the impact of this procedure on insecticide activity, maize grains at different temperatures (25, 30, 35, 40 and 45 °C) were sprayed with pirimiphos-methyl. Residue analyses were carried out every 30 days and insecticide biological activity towards Sitophilus zeamais and Tribolium castaneum was assessed every 15 days throughout the experimental period of 90 days. Insect mortality was evaluated after 48 h. Pirimiphos-methyl residue decreased with increased storage time and grain temperature during spraying. Similar trends were also observed for mortality of S. zeamais and T. castaneum, which dropped from around 100% for lower grain temperatures, shortly after spraying, to mortality values around 0% for higher temperatures and after 90 days of storage. These results indicate the drastic effect of grain temperatures during spraying, which compromises the efficiency of grain protectants for insect pest control on stored grains.
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Hogan, J. P., and P. C. Flinn. "An assessment by in vivo methods of grain quality for ruminants." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 50, no. 5 (1999): 843. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar98170.
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For the purpose of this review, grain quality refers to the efficiency with which a grain supports growth in cattle fed diets which contain grain as a major component. Grains are fed as concentrated sources of energy. Their quality depends on the energy content of the grain, the amount eaten, and the efficiency, both of extraction of nutrients from the diet and of conversion of nutrients to weight gain. This paper briefly describes the fermentative and digestive processes involved in releasing energy from grain and in ensuring an adequate supply of other essential nutrients to the animal. Methods are then described for measuring net energy storage, nutrient release in various sections of the tract, and storage of energy and protein both directly and indirectly in studies of growth. It is recommended that in vivo assessment of the energy content of grains for ruminants be conducted in stages. Digestibility in the whole tract should be used to rank a range of grains, then comparisons made between grains using growth studies. Discrepancies arising from these assessments should then be investigated using more detailed measurements, particularly starch digestion in the stomach and intestines.
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Xiang, Yun Qiang, Qing Hui Zhang, Peng Han, and Min Ya Chen. "Research of Early-Warning Expert System for Security of Grain Storage Based on Uncertain Inference." Applied Mechanics and Materials 536-537 (April 2014): 437–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.536-537.437.
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To improve the technical level of grain storage, the knowledge and experience of grain storage，computer and artificial intelligence technology are used to research and develop the early-warning expert system of grain storage security. Furthermore，database，artificial intelligence，management information and decision support system as well as computer and information integration technology are applied to grain storage field. In general, this system is contributed to the intelligence and automation of grain storage management. What’s more, it can maximum be used to reduce the loss rate of the grain in storage process to ensure food security of the country.
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Markov, Yu F., A. N. Buriak, and L. G. Eresko. "EQUIPMENT AND SCIENTIFIC STUDIES OF EXPERIMENTAL DATA ON STORAGE OF WHEAT GRAIN." Food systems 2, no. 4 (December 20, 2019): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21323/2618-9771-2019-2-4-25-30.
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A complex of technical solutions is presented which makes it possible to study the influence of external factors on changes in the indicator of fat acidity value (FAV) and a range of other parameters characterizing the quality of preservation of long-term stored wheat grains in South Russia. Storage conditions (natural climatic, model) and also the effect of dust suppression treatment of grain by oil glazing that is carried out in some grain terminals in the South of Russia were taken as controlled external factors. New data has been obtained on changes in parameters of food suitability of the wheat grains during storage under model conditions with varying degrees of severity of climatic conditions in South Russia. After 6 months of storage the most considerable changes in FAV value were found for 4th class of wheat stored in natural climatic conditions with intensive insolation, the increase was 1.7 mg KOH/1 g of fat (from 7.3 mg KOH/1 g of fat up to 9.0 mg KOH/ 1g of fat). Minimum changes in the same parameter for the same storage period were observed for the wheat of the 3rd class stored in a thermostat at a stable high temperature of 35 ºС (from 11.6 mg KOH/1 g of fat to 11.5 mg KOH/1 g of fat). For wheat of the 4th class, the changes were 0.7 mg KOH/1 g of fat (from 7.8 mg KOH/1 g fat to 8.5 mg KOH/1 g of fat). Analyzes of stored wheat grains subjected to dust suppression by the oil glazing showed similar results, which allows us to state the absence of a significant effect of oil glazing on changes in wheat properties during its storage.Based on the results of the experimental analysis and a generalization of the data obtained an assumption was made on the possible reasons for the lack of pronounced trends in the data for the expected increase of FAV value in food suitability of the wheat grain when it is stored under typical model conditions of South Russia. The likely reason for this is the corresponding moisture state of grain, the water activity of grain was about 0.45. Such a low value was due, in particular, to the fact that samples of model-stored grain had a limited volume and do not reproduce the mass transfer processes that involve deep layers of the grain mass (because of the mass absence), which takes place during storage of grain in an industrial environment. The tools were proposed for the operational monitoring of the moisture state of wheat grain during storage. Moreover, a plan has been developed to expand the field of modelling storage processes in terms of varying the moisture state of the stored wheat grain samples with an assessment of the influence of moisture state on the dynamics of changes in the parameters to be controlled.
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Iakubovych, I. "WAREHOUSE STORAGE OF GRAIN CONTRACT: ITS CONCEPT AND SPECIFICS." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Legal Studies, no. 113 (2020): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2195/2020/2.113-14.
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The Law of Ukraine "On Grain and the Grain Market in Ukraine" of 4 July 2002 defines grain as the fruits of cereals, legumes and oilseeds used for food, seed, fodder and technical purposes. Peculiarities of grain as a valuable agricultural raw material determine the peculiarities of its storage, which affects the specifics of legal regulation in this area. The article clarifies the characteristics of a grain storage contract, substantiates the list of its essential conditions, examines the legal nature and features of grain storage documents, identifies shortcomings in the legal regulation and execution of grain storage contracts, and substantiates proposals to eliminate them. It is established that the legal nature of the contract of warehouse storage of grain is manifested in the following: it is a contract for the provision of services; it is a public contract; it is a written contract; it is a bilateral contract; as a rule, it is a retaliatory contract; it is a fixed-term contract; it is a real contract; concluded in a special order; it is a contract of accession. The article proves that the essential terms of the grain storage contract are: the subject matter of the contract (grain storage services with preservation of its quality and prevention of losses above natural); the object of the contract (grain of a certain type, class, quantity, which is defined in the contract of grain storage); the term of the contract (with an indication of a certain period of time or without specifying the one that determines the validity of the contract to the first claim of the pledgor). In order to simplify the circulation of grain storage documents and reduce the level of abuse in the grain market, it is proposed to amend Article 961 of the Civil Code of Ukraine, the Law of Ukraine "On Grain and Grain Market in Ukraine" and the Law of Ukraine "On Certified Warehouses and Simple and Double Warehouse Certificates" in order to provide the legal possibility of issuing warehouse certificates in electronic form. Keywords: a double warehouse certificate; grain; grain storage; a grain storage contract; grain storage documents; a simple warehouse certificate; a warehouse receipt.
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Mutiga, Samuel K., Arnold A. Mushongi, and Erastus K. Kangéthe. "Enhancing Food Safety through Adoption of Long-Term Technical Advisory, Financial, and Storage Support Services in Maize Growing Areas of East Africa." Sustainability 11, no. 10 (May 17, 2019): 2827. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11102827.
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Grain production and storage are major components in food security. In the ancient times, food security was achieved through gathering of fruits, grains, herbs, tubers, and roots from the forests by individual households. Advancements in human civilization led to domestication of crops and a need to save food for not only a household, but the nation. This extended need for food security led to establishment of national reservoirs for major produces and this practice varies greatly in different states. Each of the applied food production, handling, and storage approaches has its benefits and challenges. In sub-Saharan Africa, several countries have a public funded budget to subsidize production costs, to buy grains from farmers, and to store the produce for a specific period and/or until the next harvests. During the times of famine, the stored grains are later sold at subsidized prices or are given for free to the starving citizens. If there is no famine, the grain is sold to retailers and/or processors (e.g., millers) who later sell it to the consumers. This approach works well if the produce (mainly grain) is stored under conditions that do not favor growth of molds, as some of these microbes could contaminate the grain with toxic and carcinogenic metabolites called mycotoxins. Conditions that alleviate contamination of grains are required during production, handling, and storage. Most of the grain is produced by smallholder farmers under sub-optimal conditions, making it vulnerable to colonization and contamination by toxigenic fungi. Further, the grain is stored in silos at large masses, where it is hard to monitor the conditions at different points of these facilities, and hence, it becomes vulnerable to additional contamination. Production and storage of grain under conditions that favor mycotoxins poses major food health and safety risks to humans and livestock who consume it. This concept paper focuses on how establishment of a local grain production and banking system (LGPBS) could enhance food security and safety in East Africa. The concept of LGPBS provides an extension of advisory and finance support within warehouse receipt system to enhance grain production under optimal conditions. The major practices at the LGPBS and how each could contribute to food security and safety are discussed. While the concept paper gives more strength on maize production and safety, similar practices could be applied to enhance safety of other grains in the same LGPBS.
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Wang, Jin, Youjun Jiang, Li Li, Chao Yang, Ke Li, Xueping Lan, Yuchong Zhang, and Jinying Chen. "How to Guarantee Food Safety via Grain Storage? An Approach to Improve Management Effectiveness by Machine Learning Algorithms." Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2, no. 8 (August 2021): 675–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.37871/jbres1296.
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The purpose of grain storage management is to dynamically analyze the quality change of the reserved grains, adopt scientific and effective management methods to delay the speed of the quality deterioration, and reduce the loss rate during storage. At present, the supervision of the grain quality in the reserve mainly depends on the periodic measurements of the quality of the grains and the milled products. The data obtained by the above approach is accurate and reliable, but the workload is too large while the frequency is high. The obtained conclusions are also limited to the studied area and not applicable to be extended into other scenarios. Therefore, there is an urgent need of a general method that can quickly predict the quality of grains given different species, regions and storage periods based on historical data. In this study, we introduced Back-Propagation (BP) neural network algorithm and support vector machine algorithm into the quality prediction of the reserved grains. We used quality index, temperature and humidity data to build both an intertemporal prediction model and a synchronous prediction model. The results show that the BP neural network based on the storage characters from the first three periods can accurately predict the key storage characters intertemporally. The support vector machine can provide precise predictions of the key storage characters synchronously. The average predictive error for each of wheat, rice and corn is less than 15%, while the one for soybean is about 20%, all of which can meet the practical demands. In conclusion, the machine learning algorithms are helpful to improve the management effectiveness of grain storage.
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Olorunfemi, Bayode Julius, and Sunday Emmanuel Kayode. "Post-Harvest Loss and Grain Storage Technology- A Review." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 9, no. 1 (January 21, 2021): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v9i1.75-83.3714.
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The aim of this write up is to explore technological developments in the area of post-harvest grain storage techniques. Post-harvest losses occur between harvest and the moment of human consumption. They include on-farm losses, such as when grain is threshed, winnowed, and dried, as well as losses along the chain during transportation, storage, and processing. Use of traditional grain storage facilities such as cribs, improved rhombus, and brick bins are ineffective against mold and insects already present in the grain before storage. While plastic bins reduce insect pests’ infestation, Purdue Improved crop storage bags and wooden silo were proved to be a viable management tool for preventing aflatoxin accumulation in storage and moisture migration. The metal silo still remains an effective grain storage technology for reducing post-harvest insect and pathogen losses if the challenges of moisture and temperature can be adequately managed. An effective grain storage technology would be the ones that can sustain quality of grain stored for a long period (≥5 years), durable, cost-effective, and be managed scientifically, possibly by computer-aided grain management system.
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Baoua, I. B., L. Amadou, M. Abdourahmane, O. Bakoye, D. Baributsa, and L. L. Murdock. "Grain storage and insect pests of stored grain in rural Niger." Journal of Stored Products Research 64 (October 2015): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jspr.2015.04.007.
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Serednyak, D. P., and V. P. Fedorenko. "Species composition of pests of grain stocks in storage of grain." Interdepartmental Thematic Scientific Collection of Plant Protection and Quarantine, no. 62 (September 3, 2016): 221–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.36495/1606-9773.2016.62.221-231.
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Analyzed the phytosanitary condition of warehouses and silos for storage of grain and grain products. The species composition of the most common pests of grain stocks in different granaries. The results of studies, identified the dominant species.
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Serednyak, D. P., and V. P. Fedorenko. "Species composition of pests of grain stocks in storage of grain." Interdepartmental Thematic Scientific Collection of Plant Protection and Quarantine, no. 62 (September 3, 2016): 361–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.36495/1606-9773.2016.62.361-370.
Full textAbstract:
Analyzed the phytosanitary condition of warehouses and silos for storage of grain and grain products. The species composition of the most common pests of grain stocks in different granaries. The results of studies, identified the dominant species.
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Кюрчев, С. В., І. П. Паламерчук, В. О. Верхоланцева, and Л. М. Кюрчева. "USE OF THE COOLING PROCESS IN THE GRAIN STORAGE DURING THE PERIOD OF STORAGE OF GRAIN PRODUCTS." Proceedings of the Tavria State Agrotechnological University 20, no. 2 (2020): 124–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31388/2078-0877-20-2-124-131.
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ЕMELIYANOVA, E. V., and N. N. KUCHIN. "DEGREE OF ACIDIFICATION OF RAW FODDER GRAIN DEPENDING ON PRESERVATION CONDITIONS." Izvestiâ Timirâzevskoj selʹskohozâjstvennoj akademii, no. 5 (2020): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/0021-342x-2020-5-49-57.
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Fodder grain plays a priority role in ensuring high productivity of farm animals and poultry, revealing their genetic potential. Therefore, it is necessary to use the most advanced methods of grain preservation for the most complete preservation of the original feeding power. Such methods in recent years include the technology of sealed storage of raw fodder grain harvested before the complete maturation phase. Various biological and chemical additives are used to improve the preservation results. The use of such additives (due to the specific features of preserved raw materials) is obligatory. The authors conducted comparative tests of certain types of additives for processing raw fodder grains in the whole and flattened forms to determine the effect of different degree of compaction on the effectiveness of their preserving action. They made an experiment,and the quality of fermentation was determined using generally accepted methods. The raw grain isolated from air access is protected from spoilage due to acidification, so the effectiveness of using preservative additives was primarily determined by the effect on this indicator. The whole grain was put into storage with a higher moisture content (35%) than the flattened one (about 25%),which ensured its significantly better acidification regardless of the degree of compaction. A denser grain storage pattern provided better grain acidification regardless of grain moisture. From tested preparations, the flattened grain was better acidified by powdered sulphur at the medium degree of compaction for storage; the whole grain was better acidified by Biosil NN at the maximum degree of compaction. On average the preparations used in the experiment were arranged in the following sequence (as their influence on the degree of grain acidification weakened): powdered sulphur → biopreparations Biosil NN → chemical preservative Promir.