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1

Jevremovic, Stojan, Jelica Lazarevic, Miroslav Kostic, et al. "Contact application of Lamiaceae botanicals reduces bean weevil infestation in stored beans." Archives of Biological Sciences 71, no. 4 (2019): 665–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs190617049j.

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The bean weevil (Acanthoscelides obtectus, Say) is a serious pest of stored bean seeds. Bean weevil control relies heavily on the use of synthetic insecticides. In the search for a sustainable alternative, the residual contact toxicity and anti-oviposition activity of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) and basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) essential oils as well as their dominant components (thymol, ?-pinene, 1,8-cineole and linalool) were tested against A. obtectus adults. Out of the seven tested botanicals, T. vulgaris oil, thymol and linalool exhibited the highest toxic potential (>90% mortality). Females were less susceptible than males. The insecticidal activity of these botanicals was much greater when they were applied on glass compared to direct application to the bean. All tested botanicals reduced oviposition by bean weevil females. T. vulgaris oil, thymol and ?-pinene also deterred bean weevil oviposition, as revealed by a two-choice test. Our research shows that T. vulgaris oil and thymol are promising and sustainable alternatives to synthetic pesticides for protecting stored beans against the bean weevil.
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Hubert, J., M. Němcová, G. Aspaly, and V. Stejskal. "The toxicity of bean flour (Phaseolus vulgaris) to stored-product mites (Acari: Acaridida)." Plant Protection Science 42, No. 4 (2010): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/2770-pps.

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Legume proteins were shown to have insecticidal activity against stored-product pests. Grain enriched by bean (<I>Phaseolus vulgaris</I>) flour inhibits the growth of stored-product mites. In this study, we tested the toxicity of bean flour to storage mites under optimal conditions for their population growth (i.e. rearing diet, temperature: 25C and humidity optimum: 85% RH). Bean flour was added  to the diet in one of eight concentrations: 0, 0.01, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2.5, 5, 10%). The population growth of <I>Tyrophagus putrescentiae, Acarus siro </I>and <I>Aleuroglyphus ovatus </I>initiating from a density of 50 mites per 0.2 g of diet was recorded for 21 days. The enrichment of grain with bean flour suppressed the population growth of the tested species. These differed in their sensitivity to bean flour. Population growth was decreased to 50% in comparison to the control (rC<SUB>50</SUB>) by the bean flour concentration of 0.02% in <I>T. putrescentiae, </I>0.04% in<I>  A. siro, </I>and by<I> </I>4.87% in <I>A. ovatus. </I> The concentration of 5% bean flour in diets kept populations of <I>A. siro </I>and <I>T. putrescentiae</I><I> </I>at the initial level. The results are discussed in the context of applying bean flour in the integrated control of stored-product mites.
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Mesele, Tariku, Kumela Dibaba, and Esayas Mendesil. "Farmers’ Perceptions of Mexican Bean Weevil, Zabrotes subfasciatus (Boheman), and Pest Management Practices in Southern Ethiopia." Advances in Agriculture 2019 (April 11, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8193818.

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The common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L., is one of the most important sources of protein in Ethiopia and other developing countries. However, the Mexican bean weevil, Zabrotes subfasciatus (Boheman), is a major constraint of stored common bean that causes qualitative and quantitative losses. This study was conducted to assess farmers’ knowledge and perceptions of Mexican bean weevil, to examine farmers’ pest management practices, and to identify challenges of pest management practices to develop integrated pest management (IPM) strategies. A survey of 148 smallholder common bean farmers was conducted at Mareka and Loma districts in southern Ethiopia. The majority (75%) of the farmers stored common bean in polypropylene bags while less than 10% of the farmers stored beans in ‘Diya’ (a traditional storage structure). Most (60.8%) farmers stored their beans in seed (threshed) form, and the majority (63.5%) of them stored their beans for 3-5 months. The majority of the farmers had knowledge about the Mexican bean weevil; they could identify damaged seeds based on the ‘holes’ on the seed (72.3%) and circular ‘windows’ on the seed (20.0%). About 45% of the farmers mentioned the high amount of loss at the time of storage. In addition, most farmers (53.4%) estimated 26-50% loss in storage. Most farmers reported the use of pesticidal plants for control of Mexican bean weevil, while only a few farmers reported they had applied insecticide in their store. Education level and family size had a positive and statistically significant impact on the use of pesticidal plants for the control of Mexican bean weevil. Furthermore, education level also influences the use of chemical insecticide. Results highlighted the need to use improved storage technology and to train farmers in postharvest handling practices as a component to develop IPM approach in order to minimize losses occurring along the value chains of the common bean.
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4

Baldin, Edson L. L., and Fernando M. Lara. "Resistance of stored bean varieties toAcanthoscelides obtectus(Coleoptera: Bruchidae)." Insect Science 15, no. 4 (2008): 317–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7917.2008.00216.x.

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5

Pinto, Vinicius Duarte, Lucas Mingotti Dias, Renata Henrique Hoscher, Fabiano Rodrigo Gomes, Marcelo Alvares de Oliveira, and Vanderleia Schoeninger. "Quality of soy bean grain stored in bag silo." Revista Engenharia na Agricultura - Reveng 29 (March 3, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.13083/reveng.v29i1.9939.

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Because of the rise in the use of bag silo in the last harvests due to the lack of static capacity in Brazil, the storage of grain in type of structure is currently seen as a solution to our storage deficit. Thus, the importance of maintaining the quality of grains for commercialization in these systems is considered. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the quality of soybean grain stored in a silo bag, in the region of Dourados, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazilian Central-West. The experiment was carried out in a cooperative, where soybean grain stored in silo bag are collected. The product had been received, processed at the end of the summer harvest and previously stored in metallic silos, and then transferred to the silo bags upon reception of the winter harvest. Thus, soybeans with an average water content of 11% w.b. were packed in bags composed of high-density polyethylene and hermetically sealed over a total period of 125 days, with collections of data on temperature and air relative humidity and grain sampling every 40 days. The collected samples were subjected to plant classification and analyses of water content, water activity, protein, lipids and color parameters were also performed. Na average rise of 5° C was observed in the temperature and 14% for air relative humidity which resulted in the of moldy and fermented grains after 125 days in the bags. The storage period factor was significant (p <0.05) in the variables of water content, color and oil. It was concluded that for soybeans the storage period in hermetic bags influences the quality of the grains and the internal environmental conditions in these structures are influenced by the convective microcurrents observed in the different positions inside the silo bag.
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6

OYEDELE, T. A., I. A. KEHINDE, C. G. AFOLABI, and E. O. OYEDEJI. "EFFECTS OF STORAGE METHODS AND MYCOFLORA ON PROXIMATE COMPOSITION OF AFRICAN YAM BEAN (Sphenostylis stenocarpa Hochust ex Rich ) SEEDS." Journal of Agricultural Science and Environment 18, no. 1 (2019): 126–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.51406/jagse.v18i1.1918.

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One of the limitations of African yam bean (AYB) (Sphenostylis sternocarpa) is poor storage ability due to the adverse effect of seed-borne fungi. This study was conducted to examine the effects of storage methods on nutritive composition of AYB seeds stored in three types of storage materials viz; jute bags, polypropylene bags and plastic bowls. Freshly harvested AYB seeds were stored in all the storage materials for 6 months using 2 × 3 factorial (2 AYB cultivars and 3 storage methods) in 3 replicates. The proximate analysis of the stored AYB seeds was carried out at 3 and 6 months after storage using standard methods. The temperature and relative humidity of the store room were recorded monthly. Seeds stored in jute bags gave the best values for crude protein (24.87%), ash (5.69%) and fat content (6.64%) but recorded least values for crude fibre (2.55%), carbohydrate (50.86%) and moisture content (12.68%) at the 6th month of storage. Temperature of the store room decreased from 32.9 ºC - 28.3ºC, while the relative humidity increased from 78% - 86%. Decreased incidence of field fungi namely: Rhizopus oryzae, Aspergillus flavus, Geotricum candidum, Aspergillus fumigatus and Mucor meihei was accompanied by increase in storage fungi viz: Apergillus niger, Mucor hiemalis, Penicillium espansum and Penicillium atrovenetum with prolonged storage. The study showed that out of the three storage materials, jute bag was more effective in preserving AYB seeds.
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7

Drumond, Anailda Angélica Lana, Juliana de Fatima Sales, Jacson Zuchi, Gessimar Nunes Camelo, and Moara Mariely Vinhais Souza. "Physiological quality of castor bean seed genotypes stored at two temperatures." Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy 42 (September 20, 2019): e43583. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v42i1.43583.

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Environment and storage time influence stored seed quality, especially for oilseeds such as castor beans because they have a high lipid content and are more prone to deterioration. This study evaluated the physiological quality of seeds from three castor bean genotypes stored at 10 and 20°C for 300 days. The experimental design was completely randomized, with 4 replications, in a 2 x 6 (2 temperatures x 6 storage periods) split-plot design. The seeds were placed in low-density polypropylene bags and stored in climatic chambers at 10 and 20°C, in which the temperature and relative humidity were registered. Physiological quality (germination, germination rate index, emergence, rate of emergence, electrical conductivity and accelerated aging) were evaluated at baseline and after 60, 120, 180, 240, and 300 days of storage. Castor seeds of genotype EVF 106 showed better physiological quality when stored at 10°C. Castor seeds of genotype EVF 701 could be stored at 10 and 20°C for 300 days. Castor seeds of genotype EVF 712 presented reduced physiological quality during their 300 days in storage, regardless of temperature.
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8

Soriano‐Richards, E., D. Uribe‐Salas, and G. Ibarra‐Barrera. "Phaseollidin stored in vacuoles and the phytoalexin response in bean." Plant Pathology 47, no. 4 (1998): 480–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3059.1998.00264.x.

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9

Hern�ndez-Unz�n, Hayde� Yazm�n, and Mar�a Luisa Ortega-Delgado. "Phytic acid in stored common bean seeds (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)." Plant Foods for Human Nutrition 39, no. 3 (1989): 209–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01091932.

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10

Ariyarathna, Indira, Sarath Weerasena, and Chalinda K. Beneragama. "GERMINABILITY OF VARIETIES OF BEAN (Phaseoulos Vulgaris L.) AND OKRA (Abelmoschus Esculentus L. Moench) UNDER LOW TEMPERATURE STORAGE CONDITION." Indonesian Journal of Applied Research (IJAR) 2, no. 2 (2021): 92–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.30997/ijar.v2i2.109.

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Bean and okra are common vegetables cultivated in the most regions of Sri Lanka. The seeds of these crops are mainly stored in cold storage as bulk before releasing retail lots to sales outlets. Commercial growers and gardeners buy seeds in bulk or in packages at retail stores. Although certified seeds are frequently tested by the seed testing laboratories, they do not guarantee the maximum field emergence. Certified seed lots of two pole bean varieties, ‘Keppetipola Nil’ (KN) and ‘Bandarawela Green’ (BG) and two okra varities,’MI-5’ and ‘Haritha’ were stored in poly sack and polypropylene bags under controlled temperature (17±1 °C) and relative humidity (RH) (52-55%) over a two-year period. Bulk seeds of bean and okra varieties packed in polypropylene and poly sack bags depicted a high germination percentage throughout the storage period for two years. Seed quality parameters, seed germination, seed moisture, field emergence and vigour index significantly varied with the storage duration and declined in varieties. Significant differences in moisture, field emergence and vigour index were recognized as affected by the packing materials in all varieties except MI-5. Both Poly sack and polypropylene packing materials were found suitable to maintain viability at the minimum seed certification standards for two years of storage period. Poly sack was more appropriate than polypropylene to keep viability for more than 2 years of storage under low temperature and RH condition. These findings would help seed handlers including seed producers and seed sellers to store crop seeds between growing seasons in the tropical environment.
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11

Rose, Mary Helena Quint Silochi, Renata Machado Coelho Silvia, Zingano Bischoff Tabata, Danieli Rech Cassol Fl aacute via, Vieira do Prado Naimara, and Zaczuk Bassinello Priscila. "Nutritional technological characterization and secondary metabolites in stored carioca bean cultivars." African Journal of Agricultural Research 11, no. 24 (2016): 2102–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajar2016.11013.

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12

Soontornwat, A., N. Pongpresert, and V. Srilaong. "QUALITY OF ORGANIC AND CONVENTIONAL YARDLONG BEAN STORED AT LOW TEMPERATURE." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1088 (June 2015): 255–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2015.1088.41.

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13

Collado, E., F. Artés-Hernández, L. Navarro, et al. "Overall quality of minimally processed faba bean seeds stored in MAP." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1194 (March 2018): 513–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2018.1194.75.

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14

Francisco, Fabiana Gonçalves, and Roberto Usberti. "Seed health of common bean stored at constant moisture and temperature." Scientia Agricola 65, no. 6 (2008): 613–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162008000600007.

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Fungal incidence in stored common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the main concern in order to preserve seed health and viability. The main aim of this study was to analyse these quality parameters in hermetically stored seeds at 10.2, 13.1, 16.2, 18.5% moisture content (MC) and 25, 30, 35, 40°C, through seed germination and health tests. Water activity recorded at 10.2 and 18.5% MC were 0.448 and 0.700, respectively. Low seed moisture content reduced Alternaria spp. incidence at 25-30°C. Highest incidence of Fusarium spp. (7.5%) occurred at 16.2% MC and 35-40°C. Highest incidences of Rhizoctonia spp. (8-10%) were recorded at 16.2-18.5% MC and 30-40°C. Penicillium spp. and Aspergillus spp. were predominant throughout the experiment and the highest incidences (80-100%; 20-30%, respectively) were scored at 18.5% MC and 30-35°C and 13.1-18.5% MC at 35°C, respectively. The higher the seed MC the higher the fungi incidence while lower seed MC decreased the incidences by 25%. Storage conditions below 30°C and 13.0% MC appear suitable to preserve common bean seed in relation to viability and health, up to a 8-month period.
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15

Purohit, P., D. S. Jayas, B. K. Yadav, V. Chelladurai, P. G. Fields, and N. D. G. White. "Microwaves to control Callosobruchus maculatus in stored mung bean (Vigna radiata)." Journal of Stored Products Research 53 (April 2013): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jspr.2013.01.002.

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16

TAVARES, CÁSSIO JARDIM, PATRÍCIA CARDOSO FERREIRA, ADRIANO JAKELAITIS, JULIANA DE FÁTIMA SALES, and OSVALDO RESENDE. "PHYSIOLOGICAL AND SANITARY QUALITY OF DESICCATED AND STORED AZUKI BEAN SEEDS." Revista Caatinga 29, no. 1 (2016): 66–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252016v29n108rc.

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ABSTRACT: The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of using different herbicides as desiccants in pre-harvest and the effects of storage on the physiological and sanitary quality of azuki bean seeds (Vigna angularis Willd). The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design in a split plot scheme, with four replications. Four herbicides were tested: paraquat (400 g a.i. ha-1), glufosinate ammonium (400 g a.i. ha-1), glyphosate (720 g a.i. ha-1), flumioxazin (30 g a.i. ha-1) and a control without herbicide application. In the subplots seed quality was tested in two evaluation periods: at harvest and six months after harvest. Desiccant was applied when the azuki beans were physiologically mature. We assessed the physiological and sanitary quality of the seeds using a vigour and seed health test. The use of glyphosate resulted in a higher incidence of abnormal seedlings and reduced size and weight of the seedlings. With paraquat and flumioxazin the physiological quality was maintained and there was reduced pathogen infestation in the seeds six months after harvest. Storage affected the physiological quality of the azuki bean seeds.
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IBRAHIM, A. I., M. A. YOUSRY, M. I. SAAD, M. F. MAHMOUD, Maysa SAID, and A. AMEEN. "INFRARED THERMAL IMAGING AS AN INNOVATIVE APPROACH FOR EARLY DETECTION INFESTATION OF STORED PRODUCT INSECTS IN CERTAIN STORED GRAINS." Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova 52, no. 4 (2020): 321–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.46909/cerce-2019-0031.

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Grains of field crops, such as wheat, maize, faba bean and white bean, are considered strategic food for humanity worldwide and Egypt. Unfortunately, percent losses of grains quantity may reach to 15-30%, as a result of stored product insect damage, and the losses increased dramatically in the last years, as an outcome of quickly productions of these pests. Experiments were conducted on infrared thermal imaging that demonstrate early detection of infestation by stored product insects in wheat, maize, broad bean, white bean and bean grains. The imaging is dependent on subtle significant differences in temperature between infested and healthy grains. Because the thermal imaging data are digital, computer programs can be used to analysis differences in temperature and mining figures explained for that. Results revealed that the use of thermal imaging offers an alternative method to detect an insect infestation. Data concluded that thermal imaging has the potential to identify whether the grains of crops that tested are infested or not, but is less effective in identifying which developmental stage is present. Moreover, it could apply this technique easily on a large scale in silos, storage, mills and granaries without negative impact on quality of stored grains.
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18

Freitas, Romenique da S., Lêda R. DA Faroni, Adalberto H. Sousa, Paulo R. Cecon, and Marcela S. Carvalho. "Quality of beans stored under hermetic conditions." Engenharia Agrícola 31, no. 6 (2011): 1136–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-69162011000600011.

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This study aimed to evaluate the quality of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) stored with different moisture contents under hermetic conditions. Beans with 12.3%, 15.7%, and 17.8% moisture content were used in the experiment. They were packed in bag type silos (3 kg), PET bottles (1.5 L), and glass containers (3 L), covered with organza fabric (control), and stored at 25 ºC and 70±5% relative humidity, for 120 days. The evaluated characteristics included moisture content, apparent density, electrical conductivity, germination percentage, cooking time, and bean classification, every 30 days. Except for the electrical conductivity and cooking time, the other characteristics were kept for 120 days in the stored product with moisture contents of 12.3% and 15.7% in hermetic conditions. Beans with 17.8% of the moisture content, electrical conductivity and cooking time increased, and apparent density and germination were reduced. Beans stored in the control, with any of the moisture contents, showed high quality loss during the long storage. It was concluded that it is possible to storage beans with moisture contents of 12.3% and 15.7%, with quality, for until 120 days, in hermetic conditions.
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19

DeEll, Jennifer R., Clément Vigneault, Frédérique Favre, Timothy J. Rennie, and Shahrokh Khanizadeh. "Vacuum Cooling and Storage Temperature Influence the Quality of Stored Mung Bean Sprouts." HortScience 35, no. 5 (2000): 891–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.5.891.

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The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of vacuum cooling and temperature on the quality and storage life of mung bean sprouts (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek). Sprouts in micro-perforated bags were either not precooled or vacuum cooled to 9, 6, or 3 °C, and stored for 7 days at 1, 3, or 6 °C. Vacuum-cooled bean sprouts lost more weight than sprouts not precooled, and the weight loss was greater when the sprouts were cooled to lower temperatures. However, the total loss never exceeded 5% and no apparent signs of shrivel were observed. Vacuum cooling resulted in greater product freshness after 4 days of storage, but the effect was nonsignificant after 7 days. Storage temperature had greater influence on bean sprout quality than did cooling temperature, with greater freshness and whiter hypocotyls at the lower temperatures. However, blackening of cotyledons increased as the storage temperature decreased.
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Silva, Claudia Denise da, Mariana Silva Rosa Pazeto, and Roberval Daiton Vieira. "Electrical conductivity and mineral composition of the imbibition solution of bean seeds during storage." Ciência e Agrotecnologia 36, no. 2 (2012): 147–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-70542012000200002.

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The electrical conductivity test has been used to evaluate seed vigour in many species, especially legumes, such as peas, beans and soybeans. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of temperature and storage period on the results of the electrical conductivity test and the mineral composition of the imbibition solution of bean seeds (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Three seed lots of the cultivar IAPAR - 81 and cultivar IPR - TIZIU were stored at 10, 25 and 25-10º C (six months at 10º C and six months at 25º C) The following evaluations were made every three months for a year: seed water content, germination and vigour (accelerated ageing and electrical conductivity) and the potassium, calcium and magnesium contents of the imbibition solution. The cultivars showed similar behavior in storage. The reduction in the vigour of bean seeds stored at 10º C was verified by accelerated ageing and electrical conductivity tests. The bean seed storage at low temperature (10º C) does not influence the results of the evaluation of seed vigour by electrical conductivity test and the quantification of calcium, magnesium and potassium ions. The evaluation of vigour by the electrical conductivity test is not recommended for bean seed stored by long periods (above 9 months).
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AGLE, MEREDITH E., SCOTT E. MARTIN, and HANS P. BLASCHEK. "Survival of Shigella boydii 18 in Bean Salad." Journal of Food Protection 68, no. 4 (2005): 838–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-68.4.838.

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A strain of Shigella boydii 18 involved in a bean salad outbreak and S. boydii 18 ATCC 35966 were used to inoculate bean salad. Bean salad samples were stored at 4 or 23°C. At 4°C, the S. boydii survived for the duration of the shelf life of the salad but did not grow. At 23°C, both strains increased by two orders of magnitude by day 2 and decreased rapidly thereafter. This demonstrates the importance of proper storage in preventing the outgrowth of foodborne pathogens.
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Cao, Ding Ai, Dan Zhou Liu, Xi Hong Li, Ling Min Shen, and Min Wang. "Effect of Controlled Atmosphere Storage Combined 1-Methylcyclopropene on Snap Bean for Alleviating Chilling Injury." Advanced Materials Research 798-799 (September 2013): 1041–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.798-799.1041.

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Snap bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.) is sensitive vegetable which can develop chilling injury when stored at low temperatures. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of controlled atmosphere (CA) (2.5±0.5 %O2, 5±0.5 %CO2) and 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) (0.5 μL/L) on chilling injury (CI) of snap bean during 35 days storage at 0 °C. The results showed that CA and 1-MCP reduced chilling injury symptoms, however, the CA combined 1-MCP treatment which delayed the respiration peak appeared and the chilling injury index achieved 1.9. The treatment decreased electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde content and activities of PPO, which were significantly lower than CA and 1-MCP singly. These results suggested that combination of CA and 1-MCP treatment is promising treatment for alleviating chilling injury of snap bean stored at 0 °C which extending the shelf-life.
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Abdelrahim Gad, Hassan, Mohamed Said Mohamed Al-Anany, Wael mohamed Sameer, and Fathia Said Mohamed Al-Anany. "Control of Acanthoscelides obtectus with Trichoderma harzianum applied alone or in combination with diatomaceous earth on a stored common bean." Plant Protection Science 56, No. 2 (2020): 107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/104/2019-pps.

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A laboratory assay was designed to determine the insecticidal efficacy of Trichoderma harzianum Rifai and diatomaceous earth (DE) against Acanthoscelides obtectus Say (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae). The fungus T. harzianum was applied at 0.0, 3.3 × 10<sup>6</sup>, 6.6 × 10<sup>6</sup> and 2.1 × 10<sup>7 </sup>spores/kg of the common bean individually and mixed with 0, 200, 400 and 800 ppm of DE. The mortality counts were made after 1, 2, 4 and 7 days. All of the dead adults were removed after each count, and the vials were kept for the next 60 days to assess the emergence of any progeny. The highest mortality (93.88%) was achieved after 7 days using 800 ppm of DE and 2.1 × 10<sup>7</sup> spores/kg of T. harzianum and it suppressed emergence of the second generation after 60 days of treatment. These results concluded that DE can be used successfully along with T. harzianum against A. obtectus in stored common beans.
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TRAIL, MARK A., IBRAHIM A. WAHEM, and JAMAL N. BIZRI. "Snap Bean Quality Changed Minimally When Stored in Low Density Polyolefin Film Package." Journal of Food Science 57, no. 4 (1992): 977–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1992.tb14337.x.

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25

Kermasha, S., F. R. van de Voort, and M. Metche. "Lipase Activity and Fatty Acid Composition in Stored Full-Fat French Bean Flour." Canadian Institute of Food Science and Technology Journal 19, no. 3 (1986): 92–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0315-5463(86)71460-0.

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26

Orole, Olukayode. "Susceptibility of Stored Cocoa Bean Seeds to Ochratoxigenic Fungi in Ondo State, Nigeria." British Microbiology Research Journal 13, no. 3 (2016): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/bmrj/2016/24137.

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27

Tuda, M., N. Wasano, N. Kondo, S. B. Horng, L. Y. Chou, and Y. Tateishi. "Habitat-related mtDNA polymorphism in the stored-bean pest Callosobruchus chinensis (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)." Bulletin of Entomological Research 94, no. 1 (2004): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/ber2003277.

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AbstractThe genetic diversity of populations of the azuki bean beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis (Linnaeus) from natural, pre-harvest and post-harvest sites, was investigated to understand population structure and gene flow. A 522-bp fragment of the mitochondrial gene COI was sequenced for eight populations of C. chinensisfrom Japan, Korea and Taiwan collected from different habitats. Six haplotypes were detected, one of which, U1, occurred most frequently and widely. The following hypotheses were tested as a cause of the wide distribution of haplotype U1; (i) topographical separation (by national boundaries), (ii) host plant species, and (iii) habitat type (natural, pre-harvest crop, or post-harvest storage). Categorization of collection sites by country or by host species did not yield differences in the occurrence of haplotype U1, but habitat type did. Populations utilizing cultivated post-harvest hosts that were mass stored were highly likely to be the common haplotype, whereas host plants in natural habitats away from agriculture were utilized by populations with locally characteristic haplotypes. Sampling of commercial beans for quarantine and export purposes indicated that gene flow in C. chinensis was largely unidirectional into Japan at the present time.
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Babay, Elyes, Khalil Khamassi, Wilma Sabetta, et al. "Serendipitous In Situ Conservation of Faba Bean Landraces in Tunisia: A Case Study." Genes 11, no. 2 (2020): 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes11020236.

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Cultivation of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) in Tunisia is largely based on improved varieties of the crop. However, a few farmers continue to produce local cultivars or landraces. The National Gene Bank of Tunisia (NGBT) recently launched a collection project for faba bean landraces, with special focus on the regions of the North West, traditionally devoted to cultivating grain legumes, and where around 80% of the total national faba bean cultivation area is located. The seed phenotypic features of the collected samples were studied, and the genetic diversity and population structure analyzed using simple sequence repeat markers. The genetic constitution of the present samples was compared to that of faba bean samples collected by teams of the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) in the 1970s in the same region, and stored at the ICARDA gene bank. The results of the diversity analysis demonstrate that the recently collected samples and those stored at ICARDA largely overlap, thus demonstrating that over the past 50 years, little genetic change has occurred to the local faba bean populations examined. These findings suggest that farmers serendipitously applied international best practices for in situ conservation of agricultural crops.
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Piotrowicz-Cieślak, Agnieszka I., Magdalena Krupka, Dariusz J. Michalczyk, et al. "Physiological Characteristics of Field Bean Seeds (Vicia faba var. minor) Subjected to 30 Years of Storage." Agriculture 10, no. 11 (2020): 545. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10110545.

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Seed vigour and viability, synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy, and proteomic profiles were analysed in field bean (Vicia faba var. minor) (Vicia faba var. minor) seeds (two cultivars) subjected to dry storage at −14 °C or +20 °C for 30 years. The seeds stored at −14 °C retained very high germinability (91–98%) until the end of the experiments, while seeds from the same lots but stored at room temperature completely lost viability. The deterioration of seeds stored at +20 °C was also manifested by a vast (4- to 6-fold) increase in leachate electroconductivity, and the changes in synchronous spectra and proteomic profiles. To carry out detailed analyses of seed proteins, protein extracts were pre-purified and divided into albumin, vicilin, and legumin. Only one protein, superoxide dismutase, was more abundant in deteriorated seeds (of one cultivar) compared to the high vigour seeds. The results show that seed deterioration strongly and specifically affects the contents of some storage proteins. Moreover, the colour of seed coats changes gradually, and seeds stored at −14 °C were light brown, while those constantly exposed to +20 °C turned black. Synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy showed that this change of colour was caused by formation of oxidized and condensed phenols and that the phenol content in seed coats decreased parallel to seed deterioration.
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Ariyarathna, R. A. I. S., S. L. Weerasena, and C. K. Beneragama. "Quality Deterioration of Commercial Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) Seeds Stored under Contrasting Environmental Conditions in Sri Lanka." International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 8, no. 1 (2020): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v8i1.28253.

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Bean is a popular vegetable grown in most parts of Sri Lanka. Farmers and home gardeners purchase seeds in packeted form retail outlets. However, quality problems are frequently reported, especially on low field germination. Quality parameters namely, percentage germination, field emergence, seedling length, vigour index and chlorophyll fluorescence analysis were used to determine the effect of different storage environmental conditions on seed longevity of two bean varieties during a two-year storage period, 2016 to 2018. Seeds in triple-laminated packets stored in four contrasting conditions; low temperature storage conditions (Tem. 5oC, 65% RH); three geo-environmental conditions namely, Gannoruwa (mid country wet zone), Kundasale (mid country intermediate zone), and Mahailuppallama (low country dry zone) showed varied behavior in seed quality parameters respective of the variety. It was apparent that germination test alone does not represent the full potential of field emergence. Results of the present study revealed that when field emergence and vigour are also taken in to account, both varieties of bean seeds can be stored under ambient conditions at Gannoruwa, Kundasale or MahaIlluppallama for a maximum period of 12 months, without compromising the seed quality. The seeds stored under low temperature conditions (i.e. 5 °C), maintained the seed germination over 75% for a period of 24 months.
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Nagel, Manuela, and Andreas Börner. "The longevity of crop seeds stored under ambient conditions." Seed Science Research 20, no. 1 (2009): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960258509990213.

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AbstractThe ability of crop seeds to retain their viability over extended periods of uncontrolled temperature and/or relative humidity conditions has not been widely investigated, although this is an important issue for genebank management. We report here the response of 18 crop species to storage for up to 26 years at 20.3 ± 2.3°C and 50.5 ± 6.3% relative humidity. Germination rates decreased in a sigmoid fashion, but the curve parameters were species characteristic. Pea, common bean and maize seeds retained their viability over the longest period (23, 21 and 19 years, respectively). In contrast, chive seeds survived for only 5 years and lettuce for 7 years. In addition to this interspecific variability, there were also indices for intraspecific variability, particularly in bean and chive seeds, just as in collard, lupin, poppy, wheat and maize seeds. A significant correlation was obtained between germination performance in the laboratory and seedling emergence following autumn sowing. Seeds in which oil was the major seed storage component were more short lived, whereas carbohydrates or proteins did not show an effect on seed longevity.
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Proulx, Emilie, Yavuz Yagiz, M. Cecilia, N. Nunes, and Jean-Pierre Emond. "Quality Attributes Limiting Snap Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Postharvest Life at Chilling and Non-chilling Temperatures." HortScience 45, no. 8 (2010): 1238–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.45.8.1238.

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‘Opus’ and ‘Leon’ snap beans were harvested, hydrocooled, held for 2 to 7 days at five temperatures and evaluated for quality attributes. The objectives of this work were to obtain quality curves at chilling and non-chilling temperatures, identify for each temperature which quality attributes limit snap beans marketability, and determine the remaining compositional value at the point the snap beans had reached the minimum acceptable quality for sale. Results from this study showed that temperature had a significant effect on the shelf life and overall quality of snap bean. Snap beans stored at temperatures higher than 10 °C were less green, softer and more shriveled, had higher weight loss, and lower acidity, soluble solids, ascorbic acid, and chlorophylls contents than those stored at lower temperatures. When stored at 1, 5, and 10 °C, ‘Leon’ snap beans developed chilling injury (CI), whereas no visual symptoms were noticeable in ‘Opus’ snap beans. Although CI might have indirectly affected the quality of ‘Leon’ snap beans, it was not considered a sensory quality-limiting factor. Overall, weight loss was the first non-sensory quality attribute to reach the limit of acceptability, whereas firmness was the first sensory quality attribute, followed by color, to reach the limit of acceptability and therefore limited the shelf life of ‘Opus’ and ‘Leon’ snap beans cultivars. As a result of excessive water loss and accelerated softening, shelf life of both snap bean cultivars was relatively short, ranging from 1 to 3.5 days, depending on the temperature and cultivar. Furthermore, the compositional value was considerably reduced at the point of poor sensory quality. The high weight loss obtained for beans stored at all temperatures suggests that the use of a film wrap may help create a high relative humidity and therefore reduce water loss, maintain better overall quality, and extend the shelf life of snap beans. Overall, maximum shelf life and best quality were obtained when ‘Opus’ and ‘Leon’ snap beans were stored at 10 °C.
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Farias, Hiago Felipe Lopes de, Ivano Alessandro Devilla, Alba Pollyana Silva, Juliana Aparecida Correia Bento, and Priscila Zaczuk Bassinello. "Bean color and hardness modeling as a function of storage conditions." Research, Society and Development 9, no. 7 (2020): e725974414. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i7.4414.

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Stored carioca beans usually tend to darken and harden and therefore lose quality and commercial value and are rejected by the consumer. The objective of this study was to evaluate the behavior of four contrasting light tegument genotypes for the aging process (darkening and hardening) for six months. We adopted a mathematical data modeling, based on polynomial regression analyzes of the variables, color and texture, in the different storage conditions, to describe the effects of the treatment and the storage time, in all bean samples and to select the model which best describes the interaction between variables. All genotypes tended to harden, with increasing storage temperature and time, regardless of the degree of browning. The lowest values of hardness, after six months, were verified in both slow and fast darkening beans. The genotype most resistant to darkening was which showed significant hardening over time. In conclusion, the color itself is not the best parameter to be considered to determine the degree of aging of stored beans, which is controlled by complex mechanisms, physicochemical, genetic, biochemical, among others, which in turn are influenced by environmental storage conditions and genotype.
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Zalewski, Kazimierz, Dorota Widejko, and Ryszard J. Górecki. "The influence of CO2, temperature and a-tocopherol on phospholipid changes in embryonic axes of field bean seeds during storage." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 69, no. 2 (2014): 123–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.2000.016.

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The paper presents the results of investigations of viability and phospholipids isolated from field bean seeds of different ages. Seeds were stored for seven years under controlled conditions in the Genes Bank in Radzików. No significant changes were detected in content or composition of phospholipids in seeds stored either at 4<sup>o</sup>C or in a CO<sub>2</sub> atmosphere, which seem to have maintained high viability. In embryonic axes of seeds stored at 18<sup>o</sup>C in air the levels of phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine declined, whereas those phosphatidic acid and unidentified fractions of the smallest polarity increased.
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35

Spruyt, Eric, Jean-Pierre Verbelen, and Jan A. De Greef. "Expression of Circaseptan and Circannual Rhythmicity in the Imbibition of Dry Stored Bean Seeds." Plant Physiology 84, no. 3 (1987): 707–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.84.3.707.

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36

Mathur, Mukul, Daman Saluja, and R. C. Sachar. "De novo synthesis of poly(A) polymerase in mung bean hypocotyls, involving stored mRNA." Phytochemistry 28, no. 4 (1989): 1037–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(89)80178-5.

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Ganascini, Diandra, Jessica Cristina Urbanski Laureth, Isaque Souza Mendes, et al. "Analysis of the Production Chain of Bean Culture in Brazil." Journal of Agricultural Science 11, no. 7 (2019): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v11n7p256.

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This bibliographical review brings information about the productive chain of beans, an essential product in the Brazilian diet, but present in several countries of the world. Beans are a source of protein, fiber, minerals and vitamins, allowing for healthy eating for easy access. Being, Brazil is the third largest producer of beans in the world, losing only to Myanmar and India, also the main consumer of beans in the world, having to import part of the beans consumed in Argentina. Due to iss, the bean culture is a promising crop, since the supply does not meet the domestic demand, being necessary the application of technologies that improve the yield and facilitate the cultivation. One of the obstacles of the crop is the susceptibility of the deterioration of the grains to store them, because, these grains stored, the commercial value tends to fall due to loss of quality. The objective of the work was to raise information on the productive chain of the beans. Periodicals, books, and information literatures were explored. Therefore, in view of the above, it was observed that in Brazil, the crop still needs to stimulate cultivation to supply domestic demand, improve storage conditions, invest in genetic improvement to maintain grain quality, and the study is necessary of new alternatives of destination for the residues generated by the processing and beneficiation of grains.
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Abdullahi, G., R. Muhamad, O. Dzolkhifli, and U. R. Sinniah. "Efficiency of cardboard solar heater boxes for disinfestations of stored grains against arthropod pest." Agricultural Science and Technology 11, no. 3 (2019): 247–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/ast.2019.03.043.

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Abstract. The solar heater box is a modest technology that enables easy collection and retention of solar radiation as heat at levels lethal to stored product arthropod pest inside the box. This study was designed to construct solar heater boxes of appreciable capacities to hold large quantities of grains, assess their heat-trapping efficiency and the influence of beans quantity and exposure time on same. Solar heater boxes of five different sizes were constructed for this study. Their heat-trapping capacity was evaluated by exposure to the sunlight for 5h. The influence of bean quantity and exposure on heat capture capabilities of the best performing solar heater box was evaluated using five different quantities of cocoa beans (9, 12, 15, 18 and 21kg) for 2h of exposure period. The result for heat trapping capacity shows that the largest solar heater box trapped the highest mean between and within bean temperatures (69.38±4.97 and 69.45±3.97C, respectively) in 5h of exposure time. The result of the experiment on the effect of bean quantity and exposure time on heat-trapping efficiency show the highest temperature was obtained at 120min exposure time using 9kg of cocoa beans for both between and within bean temperature (70.00±0.73 and 71.23±0.85oC, respectively). The implications of these findings in applying this technology for stored product arthropods pest management on durable commodities were discussed.
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39

Velcheva, N., and S. Petrova. "Statistical analysis of genetic diversity using faba bean landraces database." Agricultural Science and Technology 12, no. 3 (2020): 211–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/ast.2020.03.033.

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Abstract. Evaluation of genetic diversity among landraces could be an invaluable aid related to the sustainable use of ex situ collections. Statistical methods are currently available for analysis of databases from investigation of stored germplasm. Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is a self-pollinating with high percentage of foreign pollination legume crop with a great importance for food and forage due to its high protein content as well as the important role in soil fertility and nitrogen fixation. The local populations are well adapted to specific agro-climatic conditions in the growing areas and are a rich initial material for the breeding programs. The purpose of this study is to establish the genetic diversity of 21 Bulgarian faba bean landraces by important traits in order to review the current potential of conserved germplasm for its sustainable use. All genotypes, included in the study, are collected from expeditions in the country, recorded in the National Register for Plant Genetic Resources and long term stored at the National Genebank. They are characterized according to the International Faba Bean Descriptors. The cluster analysis results show a high genetic diversity in the collection and the variability of each studied trait is presented. The factor analysis, which complements the cluster analysis, gives a reason to group the genotypes with their features into groups that have a breeding value. Genetic diversity in the studied collection has been identified and some of the landraces could be included in future breeding programs.
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Jairoce, Carlos F., Cristiano M. Teixeira, Camila F. P. Nunes, Adrise M. Nunes, Claudio M. P. Pereira, and Flávio R. M. Garcia. "Insecticide activity of clove essential oil on bean weevil and maize weevil." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 20, no. 1 (2016): 72–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v20n1p72-77.

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ABSTRACT Bean weevil and maize weevil can cause considerable damage to stored grains. These insects are mainly controlled with synthetic chemical insecticides, which may bring serious problems to human and environmental health. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of the essential oil of clove [Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merrill & Perry (Myrtaceae) (origin: Bahia, season Sep.2014-Feb.2015)] in the control of S. zeamais and A. obtectus under laboratory conditions. The essential oil was extracted through the classic hydrodistillation process and its chemical components were identified via gas chromatography. Oil efficiency was tested at the doses of 35, 17.9, 8.9, 3.6, 1.8, 0.4 and 0.2 μL g-1 (derived from a pilot study) for insect control and the LC50 was determined. The results showed that eugenol was the major compound. The essential oil caused mortality of 100% for both species 48 h after treatment with the concentrations of 17.9 and 35 μL g-1. The LC50 for A. obtectus was 9.45 μL g-1, against 10.15 μL g-1 for S. zeamais. The use of clove essential oil represents a promising alternative to be used under storage conditions for the integrated management of stored grains pests.
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41

Nugrahani, Rizki, Yayuk Andayani, and Aliefman Hakim. "Karakteristik Fisik Serbuk Ekstrak Buncis (Pheseolus vulgaris L) dengan Variasi Lama Penyimpanan." Journal Syifa Sciences and Clinical Research 3, no. 1 (2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.37311/jsscr.v3i1.9850.

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Research has been carried out on the analysis of physic properties of green bean extract powder (Phaseolus vulgaris L). This study aims to determine the physical characteristics of the bean extract powder that has been stored in a predetermined time variation. The physic properties tested included water content, solubility and organoleptic tests. The results of the sample water content test with storage variations of less than 1, 1, 2 and 3 months respectively were 5.55%, 2.86%, 3.83% and 3.54% and the solubility was 42.67%, 33, 84%, 44.51% and 34.33% for Artificial Gastrid Fluid (AGF) solvents and 31.79%, 35.08%, 43.24 and 34.52% for Water solvents. The results of the organoleptic test showed that the color of the bean extract powder sample with a storage time of ± 2 months was the most preferred by the panelists, Fresh samples had the highest average scores for taste and aroma, of the panelist samples preferred the samples that had been stored for ± 3 months
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42

Eduku, A., B. Maalekuu, P. Kaledzi, and P. Tandoh. "Development of Bait for the Management of Coffee Bean Weevil, Araecerus fasciculatus in Stored Cocoa." Asian Research Journal of Agriculture 8, no. 3 (2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/arja/2018/40496.

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43

Elias, Moacir Cardoso, Valmor Ziegler, Catia Maria Romano, Gabriela Hornke Alves, Ricardo Tadeu Paraginski, and Maurício De Oliveira. "Physicochemical properties and enzymatic bean grains dried at different temperatures and stored for 225 days." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 37, no. 3 (2016): 1295. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n3p.

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Beans are an important food in the world and are present on the tables of Brazilians almost daily. The harvest of these grains occurs seasonally during the year, and hence, steps after harvesting are essential to maintain product demand. However, the drying and storage conditions may alter the characteristics of the beans, reducing their economic value and their acceptability to consumers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of storage time on the chemical, technological and enzymatic parameters of black beans dried at three temperatures (30, 45 and 60 °C) and stored for 225 days in conventional woven polypropylene bags. The results show that the increase in storage time leads to a lower protein solubility, and a decreased content of tannins, lipids and proteins; and an increased cooking time, fat acidity, and the enzymatic activity of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase. These parameters are important in the quality control of beans for consumption and as a raw material for the food industry. The quantity of broken grains and the grain roughness index are only influenced by the drying temperature regardless of the storage time of 225 days.
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44

PACHECO, F. P., L. H. P. N. NOBREGA, M. TONINI, and C. T. A. CRUZ-SILVA. "Common bean seeds quality during storage under treatments with potential repellent of aromatic plants." Revista Brasileira de Plantas Medicinais 18, no. 2 (2016): 473–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-084x/15_161.

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ABSTRACT ndustrial chemicals that control pests in stored seed can cause damage to health by residual effects remaining in the grains. Studies of products with potential insecticide and repellent properties are required to decrease post-harvest losses. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the quality and efficiency of seed treatment in beans stored under the following treatments: dried leaves and crushed laurel (Laurus nobilis L.), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) and basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), cinnamon powder (Cinnamomum zeylanicum Breyn) and ground cloves (Syzygium aromaticum L.) over eight months. An untreated control and a treatment with diatomaceous earth were used to compare the results. At the beginning and at 30 days, percentages of normal and abnormal seedlings as well as seeds that did not germinate, mass of onehundred seeds, water content and infested seeds were analyzed. At 210 and 240 days, free choice arena and repellency testswere conducted. Treatments did not affect germination, mass of 100 seeds or water content; however, all plants tested showed a repellent effect on the bean weevil.
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45

Ansar, Ansar, Sukmawaty Sukmawaty, Murad Murad, and Isna Hilda Arini. "METODE PENGEMASAN TAUGE KACANG HIJAU MENGGUNAKAN PLASTIK POLIETILIN DAN POLIPROPILIN PADA PENYIMPANAN SUHU RENDAH." Jurnal Teknik Pertanian Lampung (Journal of Agricultural Engineering) 10, no. 1 (2021): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jtep-l.v10i1.119-128.

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Green bean sprouts are a type of vegetable that has a short shelf life. To extend the shelf life of these vegetables, they need to be stored by appropriate packaging methods. The aim of this study was to apply polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) plastic packaging to increase the shelf life of mung bean sprouts. The research was conducted by packing mung bean sprouts in PE and PP plastic at storage temperatures of 10 and 29 °C for 9 days. The parameters observed were weight loss, respiration rate, color, moisture content, and aroma. The results showed that mung bean sprouts stored in PE packaging had a longer shelf life than PP packaging. The shelf life of mung bean sprouts using PE packaging is 5 days, while PP packaging can only last 3 days at 10 °C. The shelf life of mung bean sprouts using PE packaging is 4 days, while the PP packaging can only last 2 days at 29 °C. Keywords: green bean sprouts, packaging, PE plastic, storage, temperature
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46

Santos, Heloisa Oliveira dos, Maria Laene Moreira de Carvalho, Carla Massimo Caldeira, Stefânia Vilas Boas Coelho, Edila Vilela de Resende Von Pinho, and João Almir Oliveira. "Physiological and biochemical aspects of castor beans seeds deterioration stored in different packaging conditions and temperatures." Journal of Seed Science 38, no. 3 (2016): 241–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1545v38n3165298.

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Abstract: The present study aimed to evaluate effects of different storage conditions on the castor bean seed cultivar IAC-226 quality, stored for 12 months. For this purpose, seeds were stored in different environment and packaging conditions: in a cold chamber and conventional storage, using multiwall Kraft paper and in no vacuum and vacuum plastic packages at 1 atm; as well as under cryopreservation storage (-196 °C). Seed quality was evaluated before and after 4, 8 and 12 months of storage by germination tests, first count of germination, emergence percentage, emergence speed index and determination of changes in catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme systems. Cryopreservation (-196 °C) is efficient in maintaining the physiological quality of castor bean cultivar IAC-226 for 12 months. The enzyme catalase stands out as a marker of castor seed deterioration during storage.
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47

Catão, H. C. R. M., C. F. Aquino, N. L. P. Sales, F. S. Rocha, F. Caixeta, and N. Civil. "Hydrolats and extracts vegetable action on quality of stored castor bean seeds in non-controlled conditions." Revista Brasileira de Ciências Agrárias - Brazilian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 13, no. 2 (2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5039/agraria.v13i2a5539.

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48

Rocha-Guzmán, N. E., J. A. Gallegos-Infante, R. F. González-Laredo, P. A. Castillo-Antonio, E. Delgado-Licon, and F. Ibarra-Pérez. "Functional properties of three common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) cultivars stored under accelerated conditions followed by extrusion." LWT - Food Science and Technology 39, no. 1 (2006): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2004.11.002.

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49

Rabi, M., M. D. Mukhtar, and A. M. Magashi. "Microbiological evaluation of shelflife indices of fermented African locust bean cake stored under different preservative treatments." Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 10, no. 1 (2018): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v10i1.30s.

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50

Hubert, J., V. Stejskal, G. Aspaly, and Z. Munzbergova. "Suppressive Potential of Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) Flour Against Five Species of Stored-Product Mites (Acari: Acarididae)." Journal of Economic Entomology 100, no. 2 (2007): 586–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/100.2.586.

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