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1
Ge, Zongyuan. "Description, Origination and Prediction of Geomagnetic Storm." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 72 (December 15, 2023): 217–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/cpf07c70.
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The research of geomagnetic storm has developed rapidly, and many new geomagnetic storm prediction methods have appeared. In order to summarize the previous research on geomagnetic storms, and points out the improvement direction of several existing forecasting methods. This paper uses the method of literature research to introduce the basic knowledge of geomagnetic storms, the interplanetary origin, and three forecasting methods: analysis of the change of cosmic ray flux to predict geomagnetic storms, evaluation of neural networks to analyze solar wind data for geomagnetic storm prediction and using very low frequency signal to predict geomagnetic storms. The advantages and disadvantages of the above three forecasting methods are compared. According to the analysis, one can have a relatively comprehensive understanding of geomagnetic storms and grasp the basic ideas of the existing geomagnetic storm forecast methods, the forecast lead and accuracy of geomagnetic storm can be achieved by combining many existing forecasting methods. A deeper study of the relationship between Earth and the Sun could also lead to the discovery of new methods for predicting geomagnetic storms.
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Khammar, Alireza, Mehdi Nouri, Elham Saber, Ali Miri, Javad Vatani, and Mehran Maleki Roveshdi. "Dust Storm Effect and Climatological Factors on Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Respiratory Diseases: A Literature Review." Archives of Hygiene Sciences 12, no. 2 (May 31, 2023): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/ahs.12.2.3.32.
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Background & Aims: Dust storms, which are considered natural occurrences, have harmed the global population’s health as a result of the broad increase in climate change. The most serious consequences of these alterations are cardiovascular, pulmonary, and cerebrovascular diseases. This review study focused on the effect of dust storms and climatic factors on mortality and morbidity in worldwide and assessed the prediction of these diseases based on changes in each of the meteorological factors and dust storms. Materials and Methods: For data collection, English literature was searched using keywords "dust storm" and "respiratory disorders" or "cardiovascular disease" or "cerebrovascular disease" in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus as databases, along with Google Scholar as engine search. The first step was to use statistics on the number of instances of cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and respiratory diseases. The association between the occurrence of these diseases and variations in climatic factors underwent assessment. Results: Adverse repercussions could be noticed when dust storms were paired with changes in metrological parameters. More local information about the link of these diseases with dust storms and changes in metrological variables in the nation, as well as their capacity to anticipate them, is needed to prevent and reduce the health risk of these diseases. Conclusion: In areas prone to dust storms, the population will be prone to its effects and consequences. Thus, preventive measures are beneficial at the community level.
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Gu, Yinuo, Xu Zuo, Siyu Zhang, Zhuoer Ouyang, Shengyu Jiang, Fang Wang, and Guoqiang Wang. "The Mechanism behind Influenza Virus Cytokine Storm." Viruses 13, no. 7 (July 14, 2021): 1362. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13071362.
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Influenza viruses are still a serious threat to human health. Cytokines are essential for cell-to-cell communication and viral clearance in the immune system, but excessive cytokines can cause serious immune pathology. Deaths caused by severe influenza are usually related to cytokine storms. The recent literature has described the mechanism behind the cytokine–storm network and how it can exacerbate host pathological damage. Biological factors such as sex, age, and obesity may cause biological differences between different individuals, which affects cytokine storms induced by the influenza virus. In this review, we summarize the mechanism behind influenza virus cytokine storms and the differences in cytokine storms of different ages and sexes, and in obesity.
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Rivas, Victoria, Carolina Garmendia, and Domingo Rasilla. "Analysis of Ocean Parameters as Sources of Coastal Storm Damage: Regional Empirical Thresholds in Northern Spain." Climate 10, no. 6 (June 17, 2022): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cli10060088.
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This contribution aims to explore the role of oceanographic parameters on the damage caused by storms at the eastern Cantabrian coast (1996–2016). All wave storms affecting the study area were characterized in terms of several oceanographic parameters; among them, damaging storms (responsible for direct and tangible loss) were identified. Cross-referencing both databases makes it possible to find some thresholds that explain storm conditions associated with property damage. Particularly relevant are those responsible for significant and widespread damage: maximum significant offshore wave height >6.5 m, maximum total water level >6 m, SPI >1700 m2h, and a storm duration >48 h. These values are exceptionally high, mostly exceeding the 95th percentile. A comparison has been made with other thresholds described in the literature. The concurrence of high wave height and high tidal level is crucial as the greatest damage is caused by the combination of wave impact and over-wash, so a long duration of the storm is necessary to coincide with high tide. An empirical Intensity-Duration threshold has also been obtained with the following function I = 248.7 D−0.45. Damage can occur with moderate storms, but with severe effects only with exceptional wave and sea-level values, during long-lasting storms.
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Woodhams, Beth J., Cathryn E. Birch, John H. Marsham, Todd P. Lane, Caroline L. Bain, and Stuart Webster. "Identifying Key Controls on Storm Formation over the Lake Victoria Basin." Monthly Weather Review 147, no. 9 (August 30, 2019): 3365–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-19-0069.1.
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Abstract The Lake Victoria region in East Africa is a hot spot for intense convective storms that are responsible for the deaths of thousands of fishermen each year. The processes responsible for the initiation, development, and propagation of the storms are poorly understood and forecast skill is limited. Key processes for the life cycle of two storms are investigated using Met Office Unified Model convection-permitting simulations with 1.5 km horizontal grid spacing. The two cases are analyzed alongside a simulation of a period with no storms to assess the roles of the lake–land breeze, downslope mountain winds, prevailing large-scale winds, and moisture availability. While seasonal changes in large-scale moisture availability play a key role in storm development, the lake–land-breeze circulation is a major control on the initiation location, timing, and propagation of convection. In the dry season, opposing offshore winds form a bulge of moist air above the lake surface overnight that extends from the surface to ~1.5 km and may trigger storms in high CAPE/low CIN environments. Such a feature has not been explicitly observed or modeled in previous literature. Storms over land on the preceding day are shown to alter the local atmospheric moisture and circulation to promote storm formation over the lake. The variety of initiation processes and differing characteristics of just two storms analyzed here show that the mean diurnal cycle over Lake Victoria alone is inadequate to fully understand storm formation. Knowledge of daily changes in local-scale moisture variability and circulations are keys for skillful forecasts over the lake.
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Ohge, Christopher. "Wordsworth's Storms." Leviathan 23, no. 2 (2021): 97–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lvn.2021.0018.
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Berner, Robert L., and Linda Hogan. "Solar Storms." World Literature Today 70, no. 4 (1996): 1007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40152493.
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Ivanova, A. R., E. N. Skriptunova, N. I. Komasko, and A. A. Zavialova. "Impact of dust and sand storms on the aviation operation and assessment of conditions for their occurrence at aerodromes in European Russia." Hydrometeorological research and forecasting 4 (December 2020): 78–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.37162/2618-9631-2020-4-78-95.
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A review of literature on the impact of dust and sand storms on the air transport operation is presented. Observational data on dust storms at the aerodromes of European Russia for the period of 2001-2019 are analyzed. The seasonal variations in dust transport episodes at aerodromes and its relationship with visibility changes are discussed. The characteristics of dusty air masses and advection are given. It is concluded that the frequency of dust transfer episodes for the aerodromes under study has decreased over the past five years, except for Gumrak aerodrome (Volgograd). Keywords: dust storm, sand storm, aviation, visibility, seasonal variations, aerodrome оf European Russia
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Şafak Erdağ, Hasan, and Zehra Can. "Disturbances during a geomagnetic storm: A case study on 7 October 2015." Advances in Astronomy and Space Physics 12, no. 1-2 (2022): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2227-1481.12.25-30.
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In this study, we present the detailed study of the geomagnetic storm that occurred 6-10 October 2015. In literature this storm was classified as a two-step storm due to the observation of two large decreases of the disturbance storm time (Dst) index during the main storm phase. In addition, the strong thermal emission velocity enhancement (STEVE) event occurred during the same storm phase was photographically documented by citizen scientists at Minnesota Nevis (USA). The storm of 7 October 2015, which exhibits high-intensity, long-duration, continuous AE activity (HILDCAA), is one of the strongest storms of the recent 24th solar cycle. We examined changes in Dst index, interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) Bz, flow velocity, proton density, solar wind pressure, epsilon parameters and presented the discussion of the physical mechanism happened during this geomagnetic storm. The results obtained for the storm on 7 October 2015 were also compared with geomagnetic storms occurred on 8 March 2008, 25 July 2016 and 8 September 2017.
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Bonser, J. D., T. E. Unny, and K. Singhal. "A marked Poisson process model of summer rainfall in southern Ontario." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 12, no. 4 (December 1, 1985): 886–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l85-101.
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A mathematical description of summer rainfall occurrences in southern Ontario is developed in this paper. The theory of Poisson point processes with specific application to rainfall modelling is presented with a critical review of previous literature on Poisson rainfall models. A marked Poisson process model of summer storms is formulated, using the marks to represent the random duration and intensity of the events. Model parameters are estimated for four locations in southern Ontario using a total of 48 seasons of hourly rainfall data. The model is applied to calculate the seasonal return period of extreme storms and the probability distribution of total seasonal rainfall volume. These two examples demonstrate the accuracy and usefulness of the model. Key words: rainfall, storm duration, storm intensity, temporal storm pattern, probabilistic model, Poisson process, exponential distribution, gamma distribution, Weibull distribution.
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Wang, Chung-Chieh, George Tai-Jen Chen, Shan-Chien Yang, and Hung-Chi Chou. "Wintertime Supercell Thunderstorms in a Subtropical Environment: A Diagnostic Study." Monthly Weather Review 137, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 366–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008mwr2492.1.
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Abstract The present study documents the environment, initiation, and evolution of three isolated supercell storms on 19 December 2002, as the first case near Taiwan reported in the literature, mainly using radar data and manual and gridded analyses. In a subtropical environment, the supercells occurred behind a winter cold front that provided a large west-southwesterly vertical wind shear of 6.4 × 10−3 s−1 at 0–3 km. This combined with weak-to-moderate instability (CAPE = 887 J kg−1) above the shallow surface cold air to yield a favorable environment for supercells. An approaching upper-level jet (ULJ) at 200 hPa also provided strong shear through deep layers farther aloft. Prior to storm initiation, significant daytime solar heating occurred over the mountain slopes along the coast of southeastern China, leading to development of local circulation and onshore/upslope winds, resulting in convergence and uplifting. Three storms were initiated about 80 km inland around 1400 LST near the peaks of local terrain with a northeast–southwest alignment. After formation, the three storms evolved into isolated supercells and each experienced multiple splits. The right-moving storms were usually stronger than left-moving ones and traveled eastward rapidly at about 18 m s−1 across the Taiwan Strait. The storms reached their maximum strength over the strait where low-level shear intensified during the day due to cold air surge. The northern storm also registered a peak reflectivity of 72 dBZ, the strongest ever recorded by any radar in Taiwan. Eventually, the three supercell storms made landfall over Taiwan, producing swaths of rain, hail, and property damages. Before they diminished after midnight, each of the three storms had lasted for about 10 h and propagated for over 550 km.
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Babenko-Woodbury, Victoria A., Nina Berberova, and Marian Schwartz. "Cape of Storms." World Literature Today 74, no. 2 (2000): 433. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40155760.
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Lane, Kathryn, Kizzy Charles-Guzman, Katherine Wheeler, Zaynah Abid, Nathan Graber, and Thomas Matte. "Health Effects of Coastal Storms and Flooding in Urban Areas: A Review and Vulnerability Assessment." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2013 (2013): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/913064.
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Coastal storms can take a devastating toll on the public's health. Urban areas like New York City (NYC) may be particularly at risk, given their dense population, reliance on transportation, energy infrastructure that is vulnerable to flood damage, and high-rise residential housing, which may be hard-hit by power and utility outages. Climate change will exacerbate these risks in the coming decades. Sea levels are rising due to global warming, which will intensify storm surge. These projections make preparing for the health impacts of storms even more important. We conducted a broad review of the health impacts of US coastal storms to inform climate adaptation planning efforts, with a focus on outcomes relevant to NYC and urban coastal areas, and incorporated some lessons learned from recent experience with Superstorm Sandy. Based on the literature, indicators of health vulnerability were selected and mapped within NYC neighborhoods. Preparing for the broad range of anticipated effects of coastal storms and floods may help reduce the public health burden from these events.
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Khanam, Mariam, Giulia Sofia, and Emmanouil N. Anagnostou. "To what extent do flood-inducing storm events change future flood hazards?" Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 28, no. 14 (July 19, 2024): 3161–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-3161-2024.
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Abstract. Flooding is predicted to become more frequent in the coming decades because of global climate change. Recent literature has highlighted the importance of river morphodynamics in controlling flood hazards at the local scale. Abrupt and short-term geomorphic changes can occur after major flood-inducing storms. However, there is still a widespread lack of ability to foresee where and when substantial geomorphic changes will occur, as well as their ramifications for future flood hazards. This study sought to gain an understanding of the implications of major storm events for future flood hazards. For this purpose, we developed self-organizing maps (SOMs) to predict post-storm changes in stage–discharge relationships, based on storm characteristics and watershed properties at 3101 stream gages across the contiguous United States (CONUS). We tested and verified a machine learning (ML) model and its feasibility to (1) highlight the variability of geomorphic responses to flood-inducing storms across various climatic and geomorphologic regions across CONUS and (2) understand the impact of these storms on the stage–discharge relationships at gaged sites as a proxy for changes in flood hazard. The established model allows us to select rivers with stage–discharge relationships that are more prone to change after flood-inducing storms, for which flood recurrence intervals should be revised regularly so that hazard assessment can be up to date with the changing conditions. Results from the model show that, even though post-storm changes in channel conveyance are widespread, the impacts on flood hazard vary across CONUS. The influence of channel conveyance variability on flood risk depends on various hydrologic, geomorphologic, and atmospheric parameters characterizing a particular landscape or storm. The proposed framework can serve as a basis for incorporating channel conveyance adjustments into flood hazard assessment.
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Van Den Broeke, Matthew. "Polarimetric Radar Characteristics of Tornadogenesis Failure in Supercell Thunderstorms." Atmosphere 12, no. 5 (April 30, 2021): 581. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12050581.
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Many nontornadic supercell storms have times when they appear to be moving toward tornadogenesis, including the development of a strong low-level vortex, but never end up producing a tornado. These tornadogenesis failure (TGF) episodes can be a substantial challenge to operational meteorologists. In this study, a sample of 32 pre-tornadic and 36 pre-TGF supercells is examined in the 30 min pre-tornadogenesis or pre-TGF period to explore the feasibility of using polarimetric radar metrics to highlight storms with larger tornadogenesis potential in the near-term. Overall the results indicate few strong distinguishers of pre-tornadic storms. Differential reflectivity (ZDR) arc size and intensity were the most promising metrics examined, with ZDR arc size potentially exhibiting large enough differences between the two storm subsets to be operationally useful. Change in the radar metrics leading up to tornadogenesis or TGF did not exhibit large differences, though most findings were consistent with hypotheses based on prior findings in the literature.
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Kettle, Anthony James. "Storm Tilo over Europe in November 2007: storm surge and impacts on societal and energy infrastructure." Advances in Geosciences 49 (November 4, 2019): 187–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-49-187-2019.
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Abstract. Storm Tilo on 8–9 November 2007 ranks among the serious winter storms in northern Europe over the past 30 years. Its low pressure centre passed across the northern North Sea, and this led to a cold air outbreak in northwest Europe. Strong north winds across the North Sea contributed to a high storm surge that was serious for coastal regions in eastern England, the Netherlands and Germany. Storm winds and unusually high waves caused shipping accidents and damage to some offshore energy infrastructure. This report presents an outline of the met-ocean conditions and a short overview of storm impacts on societal and energy infrastructure. The progress of the storm surge around the North Sea is analysed using data from the national tide gauge networks. A spectral analysis of the water level data is used to isolate the long period storm surge and short period oscillations (i.e., <4.8 h) from the tidal signal. The calculated skew surge is compared with literature reports for this storm and also with another serious North Sea storm from 31 October–1 November 2006 (Storm Britta). The short period oscillations are compared with the platform and shipping incident reports for the 2 d storm period. The results support previous reports of unusual wave and water level dynamics during some severe regional winter storms.
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Sauvageot, Carole. "Book review: Shakespeare’s Storms." Cahiers Élisabéthains: A Journal of English Renaissance Studies 94, no. 1 (October 10, 2017): 162–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0184767817723800b.
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Hamdi, Yasser, Emmanuel Garnier, Nathalie Giloy, Claire-Marie Duluc, and Vincent Rebour. "Analysis of the risk associated with coastal flooding hazards: a new historical extreme storm surges dataset for Dunkirk, France." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 18, no. 12 (December 21, 2018): 3383–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-3383-2018.
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Abstract. This paper aims to demonstrate the technical feasibility of a historical study devoted to French nuclear power plants (NPPs) which can be prone to extreme coastal flooding events. It has been shown in the literature that the use of historical information (HI) can significantly improve the probabilistic and statistical modeling of extreme events. There is a significant lack of historical data on coastal flooding (storms and storm surges) compared to river flooding events. To address this data scarcity and to improve the estimation of the risk associated with coastal flooding hazards, a dataset of historical storms and storm surges that hit the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region during the past five centuries was created from archival sources, examined and used in a frequency analysis (FA) in order to assess its impact on frequency estimations. This work on the Dunkirk site (representative of the Gravelines NPP) is a continuation of previous work performed on the La Rochelle site in France. Indeed, the frequency model (FM) used in the present paper had some success in the field of coastal hazards and it has been applied in previous studies to surge datasets to prevent coastal flooding in the La Rochelle region in France. In a first step, only information collected from the literature (published reports, journal papers and PhD theses) is considered. Although this first historical dataset has extended the gauged record back in time to 1897, serious questions related to the exhaustiveness of the information and about the validity of the developed FM have remained unanswered. Additional qualitative and quantitative HI was extracted in a second step from many older archival sources. This work has led to the construction of storm and coastal flooding sheets summarizing key data on each identified event. The quality control and the cross-validation of the collected information, which have been carried out systematically, indicate that it is valid and complete in regard to extreme storms and storm surges. Most of the HI collected is in good agreement with other archival sources and documentary climate reconstructions. The probabilistic and statistical analysis of a dataset containing an exceptional observation considered as an outlier (i.e., the 1953 storm surge) is significantly improved when the additional HI collected in both literature and archives is used. As the historical data tend to be extreme, the right tail of the distribution has been reinforced and the 1953 “exceptional” event does not appear as an outlier any more. This new dataset provides a valuable source of information on storm surges for future characterization of coastal hazards.
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LaPenta, Kenneth D., Lance F. Bosart, Thomas J. Galarneau, and Michael J. Dickinson. "A Multiscale Examination of the 31 May 1998 Mechanicville, New York, Tornado." Weather and Forecasting 20, no. 4 (August 1, 2005): 494–516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf875.1.
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Abstract On 31 May 1998, an F3 tornado struck Mechanicville, New York, injuring 68 people and causing $71 million in damage. The tornado was part of a widespread, severe weather outbreak across the northeast United States. The synoptic conditions that caused the outbreak and the mesoscale and storm-scale environments that produced the tornado are discussed. The coupling of two strong upper-level jets and a very strong low-level jet, in association with an unseasonably strong surface cyclone, created a synoptic-scale environment favorable for severe weather. As the result of these jet interactions, a very warm, moist air mass was transported into the Northeast with an associated increase in the wind shear in the lower troposphere. A terrain-channeled low-level southerly flow up the Hudson Valley may have created a mesoscale environment that was especially favorable for tornadic supercell development by increasing storm-relative helicity in the low levels of the atmosphere and by transporting warm, moist air northward up the valley, leading to increased instability. A broken line of locally severe thunderstorms moved eastward across New York several hours prior to the tornado. The storm that produced the Mechanicville tornado developed over central New York ahead of this line of storms. As the line of storms moved east, it intensified into a solid line and bowed forward down the Mohawk Valley of New York. These storms were moving faster than the isolated supercell to the east and overtook the supercell where the eastern end of the Mohawk Valley opens into the Hudson Valley. Based on limited observational evidence and the results of simulations of idealized quasi-linear convective systems reported elsewhere in the literature, it is hypothesized that backed low-level flow ahead of a bookend vortex at the northern end of the bowing line of storms over the Mohawk Valley may have contributed to the tornadogenesis process as the squall line overtook and interacted with the intensifying supercell.
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Saulnier, Dell D., Kim Brolin Ribacke, and Johan von Schreeb. "No Calm After the Storm: A Systematic Review of Human Health Following Flood and Storm Disasters." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 32, no. 5 (June 13, 2017): 568–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x17006574.
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AbstractIntroductionHow the burden of disease varies during different phases after floods and after storms is essential in order to guide a medical response, but it has not been well-described. The objective of this review was to elucidate the health problems following flood and storm disasters.MethodsA literature search of the databases Medline (US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland USA); Cinahl (EBSCO Information Services; Ipswich, Massachusetts USA); Global Health (EBSCO Information Services; Ipswich, Massachusetts USA); Web of Science Core Collection (Thomson Reuters; New York, New York USA); Embase (Elsevier; Amsterdam, Netherlands); and PubMed (National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland USA) was conducted in June 2015 for English-language research articles on morbidity or mortality and flood or storm disasters. Articles on mental health, interventions, and rescue or health care workers were excluded. Data were extracted from articles that met the eligibility criteria and analyzed by narrative synthesis.ResultsThe review included 113 studies. Poisonings, wounds, gastrointestinal infections, and skin or soft tissue infections all increased after storms. Gastrointestinal infections were more frequent after floods. Leptospirosis and diabetes-related complications increased after both. The majority of changes occurred within four weeks of floods or storms.ConclusionHealth changes differently after floods and after storms. There is a lack of data on the health effects of floods alone, long-term changes in health, and the strength of the association between disasters and health problems. This review highlights areas of consideration for medical response and the need for high-quality, systematic research in this area.SaulnierDD,Brolin RibackeK,von SchreebJ.No calm after the storm: a systematic review of human health following flood and storm disasters.Prehosp Disaster Med.2017;32(5):568–579.
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Delle Rose, Marco Delle, and Paolo Martano. "The Imprint of Recent Meteorological Events on Boulder Deposits along the Mediterranean Rocky Coasts." Climate 10, no. 7 (June 26, 2022): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cli10070094.
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In this review, the potential of an emerging field of interdisciplinary climate research, Coastal Boulder Deposits (CBDs) as natural archives for intense storms, is explored with particular reference to the Mediterranean region. First, the identification of the pertinent scientific articles was performed by the using Web of Science (WoS) engine. Thus, the selected studies have been analysed to feature CBDs produced and/or activated during the last half-century. Then, the meteorological events responsible for the literature-reported cases were analysed in some detail using the web archives of the Globo-Bolam-Moloch model cascade. The study of synoptical and local characteristics of the storms involved in the documented cases of boulder production/activation proved useful for assessing the suitability of selected sites as geomorphological storm proxies. It is argued that a close and fruitful collaboration involving several scientific disciplines is required to develop this climate research field.
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Tanamachi, Robin L., Daniel T. Dawson, and Loran Carleton Parker. "Students of Purdue Observing Tornadic Thunderstorms for Research (SPOTTR): A Severe Storms Field Work Course at Purdue University." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 101, no. 6 (June 1, 2020): E847—E868. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-19-0025.1.
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Abstract A summer course has been developed at Purdue University that leverages students’ intrinsic desire to observe tornadoes as a motivator for learning severe storms forecasting. Relative to previous “storm chasing” courses described in the literature, the Students of Purdue Observing Tornadic Thunderstorms for Research (SPOTTR) course is enhanced by active learning exercises, career exploration activities, and the inclusion of research-grade meteorological instrumentation in order to provide an authentic in-field experiential learning scenario. After teaching severe weather forecasting skills and deployment techniques for several meteorological instruments (such as a mobile radar, radiosondes, and disdrometers), the instructors then guide the students on a 1-week field trip to the Great Plains, where the group executes a miniature field campaign to collect high-quality meteorological observations in and near severe storms. On days with no targetable severe weather, the participants visit sites deemed beneficial to the students’ professional development. The final week of the course is spent performing retrospective case studies based on the observations collected, and distilling lessons learned. Surveys given to SPOTTR students show that students’ understanding of severe storms forecasting, technical skills, and career aspirations all improved as a result of having participated in the SPOTTR course, affirming the efficacy of the course design.
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Duckert, Lowell. "gwilym jones. Shakespeare’s Storms." Review of English Studies 67, no. 280 (February 15, 2016): 590–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/res/hgw016.
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Clark, Spencer K., Yi Ming, and Ángel F. Adames. "Monsoon Low Pressure System–Like Variability in an Idealized Moist Model." Journal of Climate 33, no. 6 (March 15, 2020): 2051–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-19-0289.1.
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AbstractIn this paper, it is shown that westward-propagating monsoon low pressure system–like disturbances in the South Asian monsoon region can be simulated in an idealized moist general circulation model through the addition of a simplified parameterization of land. Land is parameterized as having one-tenth the heat capacity of the surrounding slab ocean, with evaporation limited by a bucket hydrology model. In this model, the prominent topography of the Tibetan Plateau does not appear to be necessary for these storm systems to form or propagate; therefore, focus is placed on the simulation with land but no topography. The properties of the simulated storms are elucidated using regression analysis and compared to results from composites of storms from comprehensive GCMs in prior literature and reanalysis. The storms share a similar vertical profile in anomalous Ertel potential vorticity to those in reanalysis. Propagation, however, does not seem to be strongly dictated by beta drift. Rather, it seems to be more closely consistent with linear moisture vortex instability theory, with the exception of the importance of the vertical advection term in the Ertel potential vorticity budget toward the growth and maintenance of disturbances. The results presented here suggest that a simplified GCM configuration might be able to be used to gain a clearer understanding of the sensitivity of monsoon low pressure systems to changes in the mean state climate.
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Benabed, Fella. "Indigenous Ecofeminism and Literature of Matrilineage in Linda Hogan’s "Solar Storms"." Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio FF – Philologiae 38, no. 2 (December 29, 2020): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/ff.2020.38.2.237-249.
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<p>Artykuł dotyczy kwestii ekofeminizmu tubylczego i literatury matrylinearnej w powieści Lindy Hogan <em>Solar Storms</em>. Autorka analizuje zdolność tworzenia więzi między kobietami w kontekście naprawiania zerwanych więzi bohaterki z jej środowiskiem społecznym i naturalnym. Przedstawia gynokratyczną społeczność, w której kobiety zajmują kluczową pozycję jako przywódczynie, gawędziarki czy szamanki. W powieści feminizm tubylczy krzyżuje się z ekofeminizmem, podkreślając symboliczne powiązania kobieta–natura, a także rolę kobiety w ochronie środowiska.</p>
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Zare, Nazanin, Elżbieta Macioszek, Anna Granà, and Tullio Giuffrè. "Blending Efficiency and Resilience in the Performance Assessment of Urban Intersections: A Novel Heuristic Informed by Literature Review." Sustainability 16, no. 6 (March 15, 2024): 2450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16062450.
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Urban mobility underscores the vital importance of ensuring traffic efficiency on road segments, intersections, and transportation networks, especially in challenging circumstances. In this perspective, the essential approach to improving urban intersection efficiency should involve understanding critical factors for maintaining operational performance in the face of disruptions such as storms. This paper, inspired by a systematic literature review, presents a novel heuristic for evaluating urban intersection efficiency, with resilience as its guiding principle. The methodological path was designed to address the fundamental question: How can urban intersections be designed and managed to ensure efficiency and resilience in the face of disruptions? Drawing inspiration from the Highway Capacity Manual procedure, the methodological approach encompasses both pre-storm and post-storm scenarios, comparing delay times at roundabouts and signalized intersections before and after a storm. The results reveal significant changes in delay times for traffic signals, although the choice between roundabouts and signalized intersections should be context-specific, considering factors like traffic conditions, resilience requirements, and associated trade-offs. By shedding light on the interplay between intersection design, control strategies, and urban resilience, this research provides valuable insights into integrating resilience considerations into intersection performance assessment and management strategies. It also underscores how particular intersection designs can impact efficiency and recovery, essential considerations when assessing whether a road or intersection project is resilient.
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Shaker, Nada Sahib, and Hayder Bahaa Sahib. "Fraxin in Combination with Dexamethasone Attenuates LPS-Induced Liver and Heart Injury and Their Anticytokine Activity in Mice." Advances in Virology 2023 (September 11, 2023): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/5536933.
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Background. Cytokine storm syndrome (CSS) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in people suffering from hyperinflammatory status, which diverse etiological factors, including pathogens, therapeutic interventions, malignancies, and autoimmune disorders, can instigate. Since there is limited research on the antioxidant properties of fraxin and no studies have investigated its potential as an anticytokine storm agent, it is important to note that most studies have primarily focused on proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα during cytokine storm. However, little research discusses the role of chemokines, particularly IL-8, during cytokine storms. Therefore, further investigation is warranted into the role of fraxin as an anticytokine storm agent and the involvement of IL-8 in cytokine storms. The present study examines the preventive efficacy of fraxin and the combination of fraxin and dexamethasone (FD) in mitigating lipopolysaccharide-induced systemic inflammation in mice caused by Escherichia coli, 055: B5. Methods. Five groups of ten mice were randomly assigned: LPS only group (5 mg/kg, intraperitoneally i.p.), control (normal saline N.S. 1 ml/kg, i.p.), concentrations were selected based on previous literature, fraxin (120 mg/kg, i.p.), dexamethasone (5 mg/kg, i.p.), fraxin + dexamethasone (FD) (60 mg/kg + 2.5 mg/kg, i.p.), administered one hour before LPS injection (5 mg/kg,i.p.), animals were euthanized next day, and interleukin-8 (IL-8) was quantified in serum using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The liver and heart tissues underwent histopathological analysis to assess morphological changes. For data analysis using ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests, the Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests were employed to analyze the histological results. Results. A significant decline in IL-8 levels was recorded in the treatment groups almost to the same degree ( p < 0.001 ), and the percentage of inhibition of IL-8 for fraxin, dexamethasone, and FD was 93%.92.4%, and 93%, respectively, compared to the LPS-only group. Histopathological scores were significantly reduced in liver and heart tissue ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusions. All interventions used in this study significantly reduced interleukin-8 (IL-8) levels and reduced LPS-induced liver and cardiac damage. The combination (FD) did not result in an evident superiority of either agent. More research is required to identify the possible usefulness of these agents in treating hyperinflammatory diseases, such as cytokine storms, in future clinical practice.
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Watt, Ed, and Jiri Marsalek. "Critical review of the evolution of the design storm event concept." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 40, no. 2 (February 2013): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2011-0594.
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A critical review of the literature and practice indicates that design storm events, which have been used in specific fields of Canadian and US engineering practice for more than 100 years, can be ascribed to six basic attributes: (a) design return period, (b) storm duration, (c) intensity–duration–frequency (idf) relations (representing a summary of historical rainfall data, with some extrapolation for longer return periods), (d) temporal distribution (design hyetograph), (e) areal reduction factor, and (f) antecedent moisture conditions. Concerns about climate change (or variability) and the need to adapt to the associated climatic conditions prompted many agencies, and particularly municipalities, to revisit the design storm event issue, particularly in connection with drainage design. It would appear that this analysis has mostly focused on a single property of design storms — idf relations and projected increases in rainfall intensities. The review concludes that the design practice would be well served by adopting a comprehensive approach considering all design storm event characteristics and their sensitivity to climate change and inherent uncertainties in the existing idf relations as well as hydraulic design of sewer networks.
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Schaumberg, Ned. "Living, Land-Broken Waters: Epistemological Resistance in Solar Storms." Mosaic: an interdisciplinary critical journal 52, no. 2 (June 2019): 17–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mos.2019.0014.
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Schaumberg, Ned. "Living, Land-Broken Waters: Epistemological Resistance in Solar Storms." Mosaic: an interdisciplinary critical journal 52, no. 2 (June 2019): 17–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mos.2019.0019.
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Zhang, Xiaoli, Xueze Shi, Xixi Liu, Chencheng Li, Zuqiong Xu, Xingbin Dai, Bangyun Ma, and Xuejun Zhu. "B-cell lymphoma with cytokine storm in serosal effusion: A case report and literature review." Medicine 103, no. 10 (March 8, 2024): e37400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000037400.
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Rationale: Cytokine storm is now considered to be a systemic inflammatory response, but local cytokine storm may exist in systemic diseases of the blood system. Monitoring of regional cytokine storm is an important clue for the diagnosis of systemic diseases. Patient concerns: A 72-years-old male presented to our hospital with multiple serosal effusion without solid mass or enlarged lymph nodes. We found that the level of cytokines in ascites was tens to hundreds of times higher than that in plasma, mainly IL-6 and IL-8. Diagnoses: The patient was diagnosed with multiple serous effusion, hemophagocytic syndrome, B-cell lymphoma, Epstein–Barr virus infection, and hypoproteinemia. Interventions: During hospitalization, the patient was treated with 5 courses of R-CVEP therapy and supportive treatment. Outcomes: After the first R-CVEP regimen, the patient’s condition was evaluated as follows: hemophagocytic syndrome improved: no fever; Serum triglyceride 2.36 mmol/L; Ferritin 70.70 ng/L; no hemophagocyte was found in the bone marrow; the lymphoma was relieved, ascites disappeared, and bone marrow cytology showed: the bone marrow hyperplasia was reduced, and small platelet clusters were easily seen. Bone marrow flow cytometry showed that lymphocytes accounted for 13.7%, T cells increased for 85.7%, CD4/CD8 = 0.63, B cells decreased significantly for 0.27%, and NK cells accounted for 10.2%. Blood routine returned to normal: WBC 5.27 × 109/L, HB 128 g/L, PLT 129 × 109/L; Epstein–Barr virus DNA < 5.2E + 02 copies/mL; correction of hypoproteinemia: albumin 39.7 g/L. Lessons: Cytokines in ascites are significantly higher than those in plasma by tens to hundreds of times, suggesting that “regional cytokine storms” may cause serosal effusion.
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KOTHYARI, U. C., and S. K. GARG. "Depth area duration analysis of short duration rainfalls." MAUSAM 46, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v46i1.3164.
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Depth Area Duration (DAD) analysis for the extreme rainfall events forms an important step in the hydrological design for the water resources structures. Review of literature reveals that enormous amount of work has been done concerning the DAD analysis for large duration (i.e. one day or more) storms. However, no work is reported so far on this aspect for storms having shorter duration. i.e. less than one day:
Hourly rainfall data for 36 rainfall stations have been analysed to develop simple DAD-relationship. This analysis pertains to the catchments of the rivers, namely Ramganga, Gomati, Yamuna and Ghaghara.
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Lacuna, Isa. "Atmosfera Rizaliana: Metonymic Journeys of Storm Tropes in José Rizal’s Writing on the Philippines." eTropic: electronic journal of studies in the Tropics 20, no. 2 (September 10, 2021): 180–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.25120/etropic.20.2.2021.3806.
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Stormy weather appears in recurrent instances across the literary and political oeuvre of José Rizal, a nineteenth-century figure who is one of the most significant and well-known personages in Philippine history. This paper analyzes the manner by which he describes storms in a few of his personal and political works, and observes that there is a deployment of metonymic logic that undergirds not only the texts, but a variety of other movements across the nineteenth-century cultural, technological, and political landscape. The metonymic logic of storm tropes are, in this sense, not only a productive literary modality in understanding weather representations during the Philippine fin de siècle, but also become illustrative of political and historical developments during the period. Based on this overarching logic, the paper articulates the possibility of understanding global climate and climate change as a series of interconnected and associated postcolonial and ecocritical experiences that are able to figure the world at large through an alternative expansion. This paper also investigates previous critiques that categorize the Rizaliana’s weather as romantic, and interrogates the assumptions that are deployed in such categorizations – and what they might mean for Philippine postcolonial ecocriticism and its climate imaginaries.
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Piccini, Jacopo, Elias August, Sami Leon Noel Aziz Hanna, Tiina Siilak, and Erna Sif Arnardóttir. "Automatic Detection of Electrodermal Activity Events during Sleep." Signals 4, no. 4 (December 18, 2023): 877–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/signals4040048.
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Currently, there is significant interest in developing algorithms for processing electrodermal activity (EDA) signals recorded during sleep. The interest is driven by the growing popularity and increased accuracy of wearable devices capable of recording EDA signals. If properly processed and analysed, they can be used for various purposes, such as identifying sleep stages and sleep-disordered breathing, while being minimally intrusive. Due to the tedious nature of manually scoring EDA sleep signals, the development of an algorithm to automate scoring is necessary. In this paper, we present a novel scoring algorithm for the detection of EDA events and EDA storms using signal processing techniques. We apply the algorithm to EDA recordings from two different and unrelated studies that have also been manually scored and evaluate its performances in terms of precision, recall, and F1 score. We obtain F1 scores of about 69% for EDA events and of about 56% for EDA storms. In comparison to the literature values for scoring agreement between experts, we observe a strong agreement between automatic and manual scoring of EDA events and a moderate agreement between automatic and manual scoring of EDA storms. EDA events and EDA storms detected with the algorithm can be further processed and used as training variables in machine learning algorithms to classify sleep health.
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Ramos, Emily Claudia Pereira, Luiz Gabriel Cassol Machado, and André Becker Nunes. "Study of three days duration coupling between jets in South América." Revista Ibero-Americana de Ciências Ambientais 12, no. 2 (February 17, 2021): 240–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.6008/cbpc2179-6858.2021.002.0023.
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It can be understood by coupling between jets when Upper-Level Jet (ULJ) superimposes the Low-Level Jet (L LJ). The literature shows that such couplings tend to generate or intensify surface instabilities. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyze the synoptic configuration and the coupling between the jets associated with storms during the period of October 28-30, 2019, when instabilities hit southern Brazil causing intense precipitation and several damages. This work was carried out through the analysis of meteorological fields employing ERA5 reanalysis data and GOES-16 satellite imagery. The coupling between jets was verified in the three days of study. Upward vertical movements at 500 hPa was observed in the same area of occurrence of the upper level difluent flow, as well as an intense 850 hPa northerly flow, a large amount of moisture due to the action of the Northwestern Argentinean Low, and the presence of a frontal system between Uruguay and RS, except on the first day. Storms developed east (downstream) of the area where the coupling took place. The coupling was observed before and during the development of the mesoscale convective systems, and its dissipation occurred simultaneously with the storm. However, on the 30th, the peak of coupling did not occur together with the most intense phase of the system, it occurred before.
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Edwards, Roger, and Stephen J. Hodanish. "Photographic Documentation and Environmental Analysis of an Intense, Anticyclonic Supercell on the Colorado Plains." Monthly Weather Review 134, no. 12 (December 1, 2006): 3753–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr3296.1.
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Abstract Anticyclonic left-moving supercells are observed each year in the United States, emanating both discretely and from storm splitting processes. Such thunderstorms often produce severe hail and wind gusts and, on rare occasion, tornadoes. The body of documentary literature on this subset of supercells is relatively scant compared with right-moving storms, and this is especially true regarding visual characteristics and conceptual models. Here a characteristic example of the anticyclonic supercell is presented using an intense and well-defined specimen that passed over Aroya, Colorado, on 15 June 2002. Photographic and radar documentation is provided in original and mirrored forms, for aid in conceptualizing the left-moving supercell and associated structures and processes. A summary overview is presented of the environment, development, evolution, and effects of this remotely located but noteworthy event.
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Mullan, Boyd, Brian Coghlan, and Karl Ernst Laage. "Theodor Storm und das 19. Jahrhundert: Vortrage und Berichte des Internationalen Storm-Symposions aus Anlass des 100. Todestages Theodor Storms." Modern Language Review 86, no. 3 (July 1991): 790. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3731126.
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Catherine Kunce. "Feasting on Famine in Linda Hogan’s Solar Storms." Studies in American Indian Literatures 21, no. 2 (2009): 50–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ail.0.0080.
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Kettle, Anthony J. "Storm Kyrill and the storms of mid-January 2007: Societal and Energy Impacts in Europe." Advances in Geosciences 58 (January 26, 2023): 135–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-58-135-2023.
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Abstract. January 2007 was a stormy period in Europe with impacts on societal infrastructure and implications for energy meteorology. A series of cyclones tracked across the North Atlantic and into Europe during the two week period 8–22 January 2007. For many parts of Europe, Storm Kyrill on 18 January 2007 was the most important of these for the infrastructure damage that it caused. It had the highest European storm-related insurance losses in recent history. The storm spawned a high intensity derecho that started in Germany and travelled across eastern Europe into the Black Sea region. It was associated with severe convection, lightning, several tornadoes, and strong wind gusts. The storm caused over 50 fatalities, widespread disruption of transport and power networks, and a lot of forest damage. The highest coastal water levels for the month at many tide gauge stations in northwest Europe (and also for the year, in some cases) were registered during Storm Kyrill. This contribution presents a literature review of the storm characteristics and its impacts. This is followed by an analysis of the North Sea tide gauge data to assess the storm surge, tidal variation, and short-period seiche component around the North Sea. The water level information is compared with shipping accidents and offshore incidents to assess possible links. Unusually large waves had been registered at the FINO1 offshore wind energy research platform and off the northern coast of the Netherlands only a couple of months previously on 1 November 2006. While Storm Kyrill caused a lot of societal damage on land areas, there was comparatively little coastal damage around the North Sea and few reports of offshore infrastructure damage linked to wave strikes.
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Tebben, Karin. "Musik und Tanz im Werk Theodor Storms." Zeitschrift für Literaturwissenschaft und Linguistik 36, no. 1 (March 2006): 52–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03379524.
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Aguirre, B. E., Rogelio Saenz, John Edmiston, Nan Yang, Dietra Stuart, and Elsa Agramonte. "Population and the Detection of Weak Tornadoes." International Journal of Mass Emergencies & Disasters 12, no. 3 (November 1994): 261–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028072709401200301.
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This paper uses National Severe Storms Forecast Center's information on 31,969 tornado segments occurring in the continental U.S. during the 1950–1990 period, and ecological information from the U.S. Census on all counties experiencing tornadoes during this period to model the occurrence of weak tornadoes which are most likely to go unreported. The relative complexity of the demographic pattern of counties is insignificantly related to the proportion of counties with weak storms. Metropolitan and other urban counties do not have higher odds of weak tornadoes than rural counties. Inferentially, these results fail to support the prevailing interpretation in the scientific literature of the existence of a noncausal relationship between the frequency of tornado occurrence and demographic complexity of places. An alternative interpretation is suggested.
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Falcone, Carmela, Massimo Caracciolo, Pierpaolo Correale, Sebastiano Macheda, Eugenio Giuseppe Vadalà, Stefano La Scala, Marco Tescione, et al. "Can Adenosine Fight COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome?" Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 9 (September 21, 2020): 3045. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9093045.
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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients can develop interstitial pneumonia, which, in turn, can evolve into acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This is accompanied by an inflammatory cytokine storm. severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has proteins capable of promoting the cytokine storm, especially in patients with comorbidities, including obesity. Since currently no resolutive therapy for ARDS has been found and given the scientific literature regarding the use of adenosine, its application has been hypothesized. Through its receptors, adenosine is able to inhibit the acute inflammatory process, increase the protection capacity of the epithelial barrier, and reduce the damage due to an overactivation of the immune system, such as that occurring in cytokine storms. These features are known in ischemia/reperfusion models and could also be exploited in acute lung injury with hypoxia. Considering these hypotheses, a COVID-19 patient with unresponsive respiratory failure was treated with adenosine for compassionate use. The results showed a rapid improvement of clinical conditions, with negativity of SARS-CoV2 detection.
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Power, Jennifer L., Patrick S. Market, and Craig Cogil. "A Comparison of the Thermodynamic and Kinematic Features in Recent Blizzard and Near-Blizzard Events in Iowa." Transactions of the Missouri Academy of Science 49, no. 2022 (January 1, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.30956/mas-11.
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Abstract The purpose of this research is to determine the validity of the subjective, anecdotal rule that four isobars present across Iowa during a wintertime, snow-bearing, extratropical cyclone is sufficient to create the winds that attend a blizzard (the “Four Isobar Rule”). Using data from the National Centers for Environmental Information's online Storm Event Database, we identified 15 cases of blizzards in Iowa over the course of 10 years (1999-2009 plus one event in 2010). Subjective analyses of mean sea level pressure for those 15 events revealed an 87% success rate of having four isobars present corresponding with the Blizzard events. Conversely, we also analyzed 23 Near-Blizzard events and discovered that approximately 74% did not have four isobars present. Clearly, there is overlap between these types of events. Composite meteorological fields of both case sets were completed using the North America Regional Reanalysis datasets. The composite results are generally consistent with other recent findings on Iowa blizzards. The surface low is often fairly deep (<1000 hPa), occluded or nearly so, featuring a convergent, descending lower troposphere, with 850-hPa winds of 45 kt or greater, and a near-surface layer whose lapse rate is nearly dry adiabatic. The composites of storms in the Blizzard category are slightly weaker than in prior literature, but the composites of storms in the Near-Blizzard category fail to meet any of the criteria for a blizzard in the state of Iowa.
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Kadare and Kokobobo. "Dead Storms and Literature's New Horizon: The 2020 Neustadt Prize Lecture." World Literature Today 95, no. 1 (2021): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.7588/worllitetoda.95.1.0044.
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Kadare, Ismail, and Ani Kokobobo. "Dead Storms and Literature's New Horizon: The 2020 Neustadt Prize Lecture." World Literature Today 95, no. 1 (2021): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/wlt.2021.0195.
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Ouzounov, Dimitar, and Galina Khachikyan. "Studying the Impact of the Geospace Environment on Solar Lithosphere Coupling and Earthquake Activity." Remote Sensing 16, no. 1 (December 20, 2023): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs16010024.
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In solar–terrestrial physics, there is an open question: does a geomagnetic storm affect earthquakes? We expand research in this direction, analyzing the seismic situation after geomagnetic storms (GMs) accompanied by the precipitation of relativistic electrons from the outer radiation belt to form an additional radiation belt (RB) around lower geomagnetic lines. We consider four widely discussed cases in the literature for long-lived (weeks, months) RBs due to GMs and revealed that the 1/GMs 24 March 1991 with a new RB at L~2.6 was followed by an M7.0 earthquake in Alaska, 30 May 1991, near footprint L = 2.69; the 2/GMs 29 October 2003 (Ap = 204) with new RB first in the slot region at L = 2–2.5 cases followed by an M7.8 earthquake on 17 November 2003 at the Aleutian Islands near footprint L = 2.1, and after forming an RB at L~1.5 which lasted for ~26 months, two mega quakes, M9.1 in 2004 and M8.6 in 2005, occurred at the globe; the 3/GMs 3 September 2012 with a new RB at L= 3.0–3.5 was followed by an M7.8 earthquake in Canada near footprint L = 3.2; and the 4/GMs 21 June 2015 with a new RB at L = 1.5–1.8 was followed by an M6.3 earthquake on 7 September 2015 in New Zealand, near footprint L = 1.58. The obtained results suggest that (1) major earthquakes occur near the footprints of geomagnetic lines filled with relativistic electrons precipitating from the outer radiation belt due to geomagnetic storms, and (2) the time delay between geomagnetic storm onset and earthquake occurrence may vary from several weeks to several months. The results may expand the framework for developing mathematical magnetosphere–ionosphere coupling models.
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Johansson, Per-Olov, and Bengt Kriström. "On the Social Cost of Water-Related Disasters." Water Economics and Policy 01, no. 03 (September 2015): 1550015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2382624x15500150.
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This paper is devoted to some important welfare economic issues related to natural disasters, in particular those connected with floods and storms. Our analysis of the social cost of a natural disaster is different from (most) existing analyses, in that we focus sharply on the welfare effects of a disaster. We derive a simple dynamic general equilibrium cost–benefit rule, which captures loss in production of private and public goods, as well as the value of (statistical) lives lost; it also clarifies the role played by changes in stocks and flows, respectively. Standard analysis of losses typically only includes damages to market-priced stocks and flows, thus our model paints a different picture of social cost. This difference is particularly striking for disaster that results in many deaths, but has relatively low (reported) costs. We take our model to the data by using EM-DAT, one of the several prominent databases in this literature, focusing on water-related disasters in the US.
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Brígido-Corachán, Anna M. "Native Waterscapes in the Northern Borderlands: Restoring Traditional Environmental Knowledge in Linda Hogan’s Solar Storms." Revista de Estudios Norteamericanos, no. 22 (2018): 37–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/ren.2018.i22.02.
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Kmetty, Zoltán, Álmos Tomasovszky, and Károly Bozsonyi. "Moon/sun – suicide." Reviews on Environmental Health 33, no. 2 (June 27, 2018): 213–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/reveh-2017-0039.
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Abstract Introduction: Findings concerning the effects of moon phases and sun activity on suicide are mixed in the international literature. Aim: Our aim was to examine the hypothesised effects according to gender and age on Hungarian data covering more than 30 years. Methods: Time series ARIMA models and dynamic regression models were applied in our analysis. Results: Among women aged 20–49 years, a significant increase in the risk of suicide has been observed during proton solar events. At the same time, among women aged 50–59 years a slight but significant decrease has been identified in the risk of suicide during magnetic storms and full moons. Conclusion: Proton solar events, geomagnetic storms and moon phases caused changes in the risk of suicide in certain age groups in the case of women only.
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Virginia Castor, L. "Claiming Place in Wor(l)ds: Linda Hogan's Solar Storms." MELUS: Multi-Ethnic Literature of the United States 31, no. 2 (March 1, 2006): 157–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/melus/31.2.157.
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