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Karpova, O. V., O. V. Zayakina, M. V. Arkhipenko, et al. "Potato virus X RNA-mediated assembly of single-tailed ternary ‘coat protein–RNA–movement protein’ complexes." Journal of General Virology 87, no. 9 (2006): 2731–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.81993-0.
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Different models have been proposed for the nature of the potexvirus transport form that moves from cell to cell over the infected plant: (i) genomic RNA moves as native virions; or (ii) in vitro-assembled non-virion ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes consisting of viral RNA, coat protein (CP) and movement protein (MP), termed TGBp1, serve as the transport form in vivo. As the structure of these RNPs has not been elucidated, the products assembled in vitro from potato virus X (PVX) RNA, CP and TGBp1 were characterized. The complexes appeared as single-tailed particles (STPs) with a helical, head-like structure composed of CP subunits located at the 5′-proximal region of PVX RNA; the TGBp1 was bound to the terminal CP molecules of the head. Remarkably, no particular non-virion RNP complexes were observed. These data suggest that the CP–RNA interactions resulting in head formation prevailed over TGBp1–RNA binding upon STP assembly from RNA, CP and TGBp1. STPs could be assembled from the 5′ end of PVX RNA and CP in the absence of TGBp1. The translational ability of STPs was characterized in a cell-free translation system. STPs lacking TGBp1 were entirely non-translatable; however, they were rendered translatable by binding of TGBp1 to the end of the head. It is suggested that the RNA-mediated assembly of STPs proceeds via two steps. Firstly, non-translatable CP–RNA STPs are produced, due to encapsidation of the 5′-terminal region. Secondly, the TGBp1 molecules bind to the end of a polar head, resulting in conversion of the STPs into a translatable form.
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Seo, Jun-seok, and Se-gu Oh. "Transfer of successful experience of Korean STPs to developing countries." Social Economy & Policy Studies 12, no. 3 (2022): 167–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.22340/seps.2022.08.12.3.167.
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Peate, Ian. "STPs need money to succeed." British Journal of Nursing 26, no. 12 (2017): 653. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2017.26.12.653.
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Francés, Olga, José Abreu-Salas, Javi Fernández, Yoan Gutiérrez, and Manuel Palomar. "Multidimensional Data Analysis for Enhancing In-Depth Knowledge on the Characteristics of Science and Technology Parks." Applied Sciences 13, no. 23 (2023): 12595. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app132312595.
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The role played by science and technology parks (STPs) in technology transfer, industrial innovation, and economic growth is examined in this paper. The accurate monitoring of their evolution and impact is hindered by the lack of uniformity in STP models or goals, and the scarcity of high-quality datasets. This work uses existing terminologies, definitions, and core features of STPs to conduct a multidimensional data analysis that explores and evaluates the 21 core features which describe the key internal factors of an STP. The core features are gathered from a reliable and updatable dataset of Spanish STPs. The methodological framework can be replicated for other STP contexts and is based on descriptive techniques and machine-learning tools. The results of the study provide an overview of the general situation of STPs in Spain, validate the existence and characteristics of three types of STPs, and identify the typical features of STPs. Moreover, the prototype STP can be used as a benchmark so that other STPs can identify the features that need to be improved. Finally, this work makes it possible to carry out classifications of STPs, in addition to prediction and decision making for innovation ecosystems.
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Almenar Bonet, Luis, Mᵃ Teresa Blasco Peiró, Begoña Laiz Marro, Miguel Camafort Babkowski, Antonio Buño Soto, and Maria Generosa Crespo-Leiro. "Specific test panels for patients with heart failure: implementation and use in the Spanish National Health System." Advances in Laboratory Medicine / Avances en Medicina de Laboratorio 3, no. 1 (2022): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/almed-2022-0006.
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Abstract Objectives The use of specific test panels (STP) for heart failure (HF) could help improve the management of this condition. The purpose of this study is to gain an insight into the level of implementation of STPs in the management of HF in Spain and gather the opinions of experts, with a special focus on parameters related to iron metabolism. Methods The opinions of experts in HF were gathered in three stages STAGE 1 as follows: level of implementation of STPs (n=40). STAGE 2: advantages and disadvantages of STPs (n=12). STAGE 3: level of agreement with the composition of three specific STPs for HF: initial evaluation panel, monitoring panel, and de novo panel (n=16). Results In total, 62.5% of hospitals used STPs for the clinical management of HF, with no association found between the use of STPs and the level of health care (p=0.132) and location of the center (p=0.486) or the availability of a Heart Failure Unit in the center (p=0.737). According to experts, the use of STPs in clinical practice has more advantages than disadvantages (8 vs. 3), with a notable positive impact on diagnostics. Experts gave three motivations and found three limitations to the implementation of STPs. The composition of the three specific STPs for HF was viewed positively by experts. Conclusions Although the experts interviewed advocate the use of diagnostic and monitoring STPs for HF, efforts are still necessary to achieve the standardization and homogenization of test panels for HF in Spanish hospitals.
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Guo, Huan, Meng-Xi Fu, Yun-Xuan Zhao, et al. "The Chemical, Structural, and Biological Properties of Crude Polysaccharides from Sweet Tea (Lithocarpus litseifolius (Hance) Chun) Based on Different Extraction Technologies." Foods 10, no. 8 (2021): 1779. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10081779.
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Eight extraction technologies were used to extract sweet tea (Lithocarpus litseifolius (Hance) Chun) crude polysaccharides (STPs), and their chemical, structural, and biological properties were studied and compared. Results revealed that the compositions, structures, and biological properties of STPs varied dependent on different extraction technologies. Protein-bound polysaccharides and some hemicellulose could be extracted from sweet tea with diluted alkali solution. STPs extracted by deep-eutectic solvents and diluted alkali solution exhibited the most favorable biological properties. Moreover, according to the heat map, total phenolic content was most strongly correlated with biological properties, indicating that the presence of phenolic compounds in STPs might be the main contributor to their biological properties. To the best of our knowledge, this study reports the chemical, structural, and biological properties of STPs, and the results contribute to understanding the relationship between the chemical composition and biological properties of STPs.
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Neapolitan, Richard, and Xia Jiang. "Inferring Aberrant Signal Transduction Pathways in Ovarian Cancer from TCGA Data." Cancer Informatics 13s1 (January 2014): CIN.S13881. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/cin.s13881.
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This paper concerns a new method for identifying aberrant signal transduction pathways (STPs) in cancer using case/control gene expression-level datasets, and applying that method and an existing method to an ovarian carcinoma dataset. Both methods identify STPs that are plausibly linked to all cancers based on current knowledge. Thus, the paper is most appropriate for the cancer informatics community. Our hypothesis is that STPs that are altered in tumorous tissue can be identified by applying a new Bayesian network (BN)-based method (causal analysis of STP aberration (CASA)) and an existing method (signaling pathway impact analysis (SPIA)) to the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) gene expression-level datasets. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed 20 cancer-related STPs and 6 randomly chosen STPs using the 591 cases in the TCGA ovarian carcinoma dataset, and the 102 controls in all 5 TCGA cancer datasets. We identified all the genes related to each of the 26 pathways, and developed separate gene expression datasets for each pathway. The results of the two methods were highly correlated. Furthermore, many of the STPs that ranked highest according to both methods are plausibly linked to all cancers based on current knowledge. Finally, CASA ranked the cancer-related STPs over the randomly selected STPs at a significance level below 0.05 ( P = 0.047), but SPIA did not ( P = 0.083).
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Gani, Khalid Muzamil, Muntjeer Ali, Ankur Rajpal, Hitesh Jaiswal, and Absar Ahmad Kazmi. "Sewage treatment efficacy and heavy metal removal in moving bed biofilm based treatment plants of northern India." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 6, no. 1 (2016): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2016.134.
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Moving bed biofilm reactor based sewage treatment plants (STPs) have been installed in northern India over the last decade. As such, there are no performance evaluation studies of this technology in the region. Evaluation of four such STPs was carried out in terms of removal efficiencies of physico-chemical parameters, microbiological parameters and heavy metals. Results showed that the average chemical oxygen demand, biological oxygen demand, total suspended solids, total nitrogen and total phosphorus removal of all STPs ranged from 74 to 91%, 81 to 95%, 79 to 93%, 44 to 80% and 58 to 85%, respectively. Total and thermotolerant (faecal) coliform in the influent and effluent of STPs ranged from 1.5 × 104 to 9.3 × 107 most probable number (MPN)/100 mL and 0 MPN/mL to 2,400 MPN/mL, respectively. Heavy metal concentration (nickel, zinc, cadmium, iron, lead, chromium, and copper) in effluent samples of all the STPs was below Indian discharge limits except lead. Integrated efficiency (IE) of the STPs was also evaluated and the results showed that the actual IE of all STPs was 0–10% larger than standard IE, indicating the suitability of the technology in the region.
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Zhou, Qiang, Ya Li Tan, Jing Yu Li, and Peng Lv. "The Noise Analysis for the XRD of YBaCuO Nano Powder with STPS." Advanced Materials Research 321 (August 2011): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.321.24.
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The existence of measurement noise in XRD analysis brings about unneglected effect on analysis of elementary composition. In this paper, in order to eliminate the effect of the noise of nano powder of YBaCuO in XRD, Short Time Power Spectral (STPS) was presented in this paper. And the anti-interference capability of STPS was systematically studied and improved in accordance with theoretical analysis. Experiments were carried out to test the anti-interference ability of STPS with inertia filtering. The simulation results show that STPS spectrum of signals with additive noise or multiplicative noise is quite clear. It indicates that STPS with inertia filtering can overcome influence from different noise, and it has better capability of anti-interference from additive noise comparatively.
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Khayatian, Mohammadsadegh, Kiarash Fartash, and Parisa Sattari. "The effect of university science and technology parks’ financial supports on their tenant firms: Evidences from Iran." International Journal of Technology Management & Sustainable Development 20, no. 3 (2021): 239–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/tmsd_00044_1.
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Science and technology parks (STPs) play an essential role in strengthening industry–university relationships and fostering innovation that can be considered an important mechanism to facilitate the formation and growth of knowledge-based firms. Therefore, this article investigates the effect of university STPs’ financial support, which was found to be the main barrier to innovation in the literature, on the innovation of their tenant firms. Data were collected in the summer of 2019 through interviews with ten experts and questionnaires filled by 348 firms located in university-affiliated STPs in Iran. Data were analysed quantitatively by SPSS. The findings of the research indicated that there is a positive and significant correlative relationship between the university STPs’ financial support and the innovation of firms. Although the effect of different STPs’ financial support mechanisms was in a similar range, branding facilities were more effective, particularly on marketing innovation. Eventually, to make improvements in this regard, suggestions were made to STPs, their tenant firms for conducting fruitful future research.
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Janczarek, Monika, José-María Vinardell, Paulina Lipa, and Magdalena Karaś. "Hanks-Type Serine/Threonine Protein Kinases and Phosphatases in Bacteria: Roles in Signaling and Adaptation to Various Environments." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 10 (2018): 2872. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19102872.
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Reversible phosphorylation is a key mechanism that regulates many cellular processes in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. In prokaryotes, signal transduction includes two-component signaling systems, which involve a membrane sensor histidine kinase and a cognate DNA-binding response regulator. Several recent studies indicate that alternative regulatory pathways controlled by Hanks-type serine/threonine kinases (STKs) and serine/threonine phosphatases (STPs) also play an essential role in regulation of many different processes in bacteria, such as growth and cell division, cell wall biosynthesis, sporulation, biofilm formation, stress response, metabolic and developmental processes, as well as interactions (either pathogenic or symbiotic) with higher host organisms. Since these enzymes are not DNA-binding proteins, they exert the regulatory role via post-translational modifications of their protein targets. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of STKs and STPs, and discuss how these enzymes mediate gene expression in prokaryotes. Many studies indicate that regulatory systems based on Hanks-type STKs and STPs play an essential role in the regulation of various cellular processes, by reversibly phosphorylating many protein targets, among them several regulatory proteins of other signaling cascades. These data show high complexity of bacterial regulatory network, in which the crosstalk between STK/STP signaling enzymes, components of TCSs, and the translational machinery occurs. In this regulation, the STK/STP systems have been proved to play important roles.
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Schulz-Stubner, Sebastian. "Perceptions and emotions of infection control team member during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany." Antimicrobial Stewardship & Healthcare Epidemiology 2, S1 (2022): s33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ash.2022.118.
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Background: We conducted an anonymous survey in compliance with German data protections regulations among participants of the annual infectious disease and control meeting in Freiburg, Germany, in October 2021. Methods: In total, 391 surveys were returned: 188 from nurse infection control practitioners (ICPs) and 66 from specially infection control trained physicians (STPs). We report the results of these 2 subgroups regarding their perceptions and emotions during the pandemic. Descriptive statistics and χ2 test with P < .05 were used when applicable. Results: Shortages of medical masks or FFP2 masks during the first pandemic wave in 2020 were reported by 48.5% STPs and 57.4% ICPs. STPs and ICPs relied equally on information provided by the Robert Koch Institute, the WHO, the ECDC and the CDC. Occupational health information was sought significantly more often by ICPs; only 17% of ICPs never used this source versus 51.5% of STPs (P < .001). Most ICPs (58%) and STPs (51%) described their relationship to local authorities as good as well as communication with institutional leaders (69.7%). Fewer ICPs (36.1%) felt frequently appreciated during the pandemic compared to 45.5% of STPs and more ICPs (25%) reported frustration than STPs (18.2%). However, the differences were not statistically significant. Rarely, ICPs (2.1%) or STPs (1.5%) felt unsafe at work and only 1.6% of ICPs and no STPs reported loss of motivation. In addition, 13.8% of ICPs and 12.1% of STPs often felt overwhelmed, but only 3.2% of ICPs and no STPs felt hopeless. Their self-reported competency was rated as high by 75% of ICPs and 69.7% of STPs. The 5 most frequent free-text comments regarding “lessons learned” pertained to better crisis communication, better supply chain management, precise regulations, “less talking more doing,” and mandatory vaccination. The most frequent free-text general comments pertained to maintain basic hygiene measures in private and public life because of the pandemic. Conclusions: Our survey results indicate a high level of resilience among members of infections control teams in German medical institutions despite obvious shortcomings in supplies during the first wave of the pandemic. There were no significant differences between physician and nurse members of infection control teams regarding their perceptions and emotions, indicating a homogenous situation within the teams. The high level of self-perceived competency has likely helped deal with the pandemic and prevented the feeling of loss of control implied in the question items “feeling overwhelmed” and “hopeless.”Funding: NoneDisclosures: None
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Song, Siyuan, Benfa Liu, Wenjuan Zhang, et al. "Performance of a large-scale wetland treatment system in treating tailwater from a sewage treatment plant." Marine and Freshwater Research 69, no. 5 (2018): 833. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf17203.
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Water quality standards pertaining to effluent from sewage treatment plants (STPs) in China have become more stringent, requiring upgrading of STPs and entailing huge capital expenditure. Wetland treatment systems (WTSs) are a low-cost and highly efficient approach for deep purification of tailwater from STPs. The Hongze WTS (HZ-WTS), a large-scale surface-flow constructed wetland, with a total area of 55.58ha and a treatment capacity of 4×104m3day–1, was built for the disposal of tailwater from STPs. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the performance of HZ-WTP with regard to seasonal variations and to compare treatment costs with those of other STPs. The performance of the HZ-WTS was evaluated in 2013 using online monitoring. HZ-WTS exhibited significant removal efficiency of ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N), chemical oxygen demand and total phosphorus (mean±s.d., percentage removal efficiency 56.33±70.44, 55.64±18.58 and 88.44±22.71% respectively), whereas there was significant seasonal variation in the efficiency of NH4+-N removal. In addition, the average treatment cost was ¥0.17m–3, significantly lower than the corresponding value for other STPs. Therefore, WTSs are recommended for use with STPs in order to improve waste water quality in a cost-effective manner.
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Kaminski, Giovana, Gustavo Rafael Collere Possetti, Michael Mannich, et al. "Part A: Advances in tools and techniques for estimating biogas production and treatment in anaerobic-based STPs Technical Note 5 - Direct combustion of biogas in burners." Cadernos Técnicos Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental 1, no. 1 (2021): 59–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/276455760101007.
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The direct combustion of biogas in burners must be carried out whenever its energy recovery is not technically or economically feasible. Even in STPs that have biogas energy recovery systems, the burners are indispensable (necessary) and must be activated temporarily when there is an excess of biogas production or stops in the systems that process it. The biogas combustion reduces minimizes methane emissions to the atmosphere, contributing to the management of greenhouse gas emissions, in addition to reducing emissions of odorous and corrosive gases, especially hydrogen sulfide. Burners are, therefore, essential to reduce environmental and social impacts inherent to biogas emissions and are even essential for the safety of the STPs infrastructure and the occupational health of operators. In that context, this Technical Note (TN) aims to present the technical elements associated with the direct combustion of biogas in burners, reporting: (i) fundamentals about biogas burning; (ii) types and main characteristics of burners available on the market; (iii) methods for determining burner efficiency; and (iv) criteria for the installation and operation of burners in STPs.
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Zhang, Shujing, Beibei Hu, and Xiufeng Zhang. "Have FDI quantity and quality promoted the low-carbon development of science and technology parks (STPs)? The threshold effect of knowledge accumulation." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (2021): e0245891. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245891.
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In recent times, China has emphasized five major development concepts to promote high-quality development: coordination, green, innovation, openness, and sharing. As a metamorphosis of these ideas, Chinese science and technology parks (STPs) are gathering areas of high-tech industries and represent advanced productive forces. Their greenness, openness, and innovative developments herald the future development trends of China. Based on the data of 52 STPs in China from 2011 to 2018, this study analyzes the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) quantity and quality on the low-carbon development of the STPs. We use Hansen’s nonlinear panel threshold regression model with knowledge accumulation as the threshold variable. The results show the following: First, there are complex nonlinear relationships between FDI quantity, FDI quality, and the low-carbon development of the STPs. Second, FDI quantity has a significant positive impact on the low-carbon development of the STPs only when the level of knowledge accumulation is below a certain threshold. Beyond this threshold the effect is no longer significant. Third, FDI quality has a significant positive impact on the low-carbon development of STPs only when the level of knowledge accumulation is lower than a certain threshold; beyond which, the impact is no longer significant. These results can serve as a reference for China to effectively promote economic low-carbon growth of STPs and achieve green, open, and innovative development.
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Bich Loan, Le. "Vietnam’s national science and technology parks: An overview and some suggestions." Science & Technology Development Journal - Economics - Law and Management 2, no. 4 (2019): 36–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjelm.v2i4.528.
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Vietnam has three national science and technology parks (STP) and several local and specialized ones. In fact, the activities of STPs show that they have made great contributions to technology transfer and regional economic development. Building an STP is a trend and even a difficult alternative to the needs and policies of knowledge-based economic development, but they are not well-known. This paper, therefore, identifies and recommends some policy implications for the establishment and improvement of the STPs in Vietnam. This paper focuses on some key issues such as the existing models of STPs, their successful factors as well as effective approaches of STPs’ ownership and management.
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Mian, Sarfraz, Alain Fayolle, and Wadid Lamine. "Building Sustainable Regional Platforms for Incubating Science and Technology Businesses." International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation 13, no. 4 (2012): 235–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/ijei.2012.0100.
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The authors explore the role played by science and technology parks (STPs) as regional platforms for incubating science- and technology-based businesses. Using multiple case studies of the more established US and French STP facilities, they provide an analysis of the contributions made by STPs as regional drivers of innovative entrepreneurship. The paper concludes that successful STPs can act as platforms for incubating science and technology businesses. If modern STPs are to emerge as sustainable platforms of incubation, their business models must be responsive to changing contextual needs through the pursuit of realistic goals, providing high-quality value-added services, employing professionally competent management and maintaining financial strength.
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Chernicharo, C. A. L., E. M. F. Brandt, T. Bressani-Ribeiro, et al. "Development of a tool for improving the management of gaseous emissions in UASB-based sewage treatment plants." Water Practice and Technology 12, no. 4 (2017): 917–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2017.097.
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Abstract This study aimed at developing a simple tool for improving the management of gaseous emissions in UASB-based sewage treatment plants (STPs), considering different scenarios for the management of sludge, biogas and gaseous emissions (especially sulfide and methane). For small STPs (&lt;10,000 inhab.), simple alternatives for the use of biogas were considered (e.g. for excess sludge hygienization and household usages). For medium- (&gt;10,000; &lt;100,000) and large-scale (&gt;100,000 inhab.) STPs, other biogas uses were considered, such as in sludge dryers, boilers or combined heat and power engines for electricity generation and heat recovery. All these possibilities were grouped in an interactive spreadsheet containing an extensive database of factors that affect gaseous emissions and energy balance in STPs. The tool can be important for decision makers choosing the best gaseous emissions management practices in UASB-based STPs. Carbon footprint should be the main decision factor when evaluating alternatives for the management of gaseous emissions.
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Chen, Nating, Menglei Lin, and Yiliang Li. "Algebraic Relations among Four Types of Right Semi-Tensor Product." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (June 14, 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1126757.
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In this paper, algebraic relations among four kinds of right semi-tensor product (STP) are discussed. Firstly, this paper provides definitions of right STPs, consisting of the first right matrix-matrix STP, the second right matrix-matrix STP, the first right matrix-vector STP, and the second right matrix-vector STP. Secondly, relations among these right STPs are proposed. Finally, the main results show the convertibility of these right STPs.
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Nguyen Hai Lam, Long, Phuong V. Nguyen, Toan Bao Le, and Khoa Tien Tran. "An Analytic Hierarchy Process Approach to Marketing Tools Selection for Science and Technology Parks." SHS Web of Conferences 92 (2021): 02045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20219202045.
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Research background: Several studies have highlighted the importance of the Science and Technology Parks (STPs) to economic development. The reputation and image of the STPs substantially contribute to the expansion of the parks, which in turn enhances the region’s innovation capacity and economic development. However, there are few, if any, studies conducted to clarify the applicable marketing techniques for the brand promotion of the STPs. Purpose of the article: This study aims to determine and select the most appropriate marketing tools to promote the brand image and the reputation of the STPs in Vietnam, especially in the case study of Quang Trung Software City. Methods: The qualitative and quantitative research methods are used to analyze data collected from 20 participants who are managers and experts working in several disciplines. Moreover, the analytic hierarchy process is implemented to find out the priority of six proposed marketing tools. Findings & Value added: The findings reveal that online and offline marketing channels should be combined to promote the brand image of the STPs effectively. This study pioneers in researching the selection of the techniques for the marketing strategies of the STPs in Vietnam; thus, it contributes to the theoretical implications and managerial practice.
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Wu, Xi, Yiqing Qiu, Keith Simfukwe, Jiali Wang, Jianchun Chen, and Xiaowu Hu. "Programming for Stimulation-Induced Transient Nonmotor Psychiatric Symptoms after Bilateral Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson’s Disease." Parkinson's Disease 2017 (2017): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2615619.
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Background. Stimulation-induced transient nonmotor psychiatric symptoms (STPSs) are side effects following bilateral subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients. We designed algorithms which (1) determine the electrode contacts that induce STPSs and (2) provide a programming protocol to eliminate STPS and maintain the optimal motor functions. Our objective is to test the effectiveness of these algorithms. Materials and Methods. 454 PD patients who underwent programming sessions after STN-DBS implantations were retrospectively analyzed. Only STPS patients were enrolled. In these patients, the contacts inducing STPS were found and the programming protocol algorithms used. Results. Eleven patients were diagnosed with STPS. Of these patients, two had four episodes of crying, and two had four episodes of mirthful laughter. In one patient, two episodes of abnormal sense of spatial orientation were observed. Hallucination episodes were observed twice in one patient, while five patients recorded eight episodes of hypomania. There were no statistical differences between the UPDRS-III under the final stimulation parameter (without STPS) and previous optimum UPDRS-III under the STPSs (p=1.000). Conclusion. The flow diagram used for determining electrode contacts that induce STPS and the programming protocol employed in the treatment of these symptoms are effective.
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Kornblau, Steven M., Matthew Womble, Yi Hua Qiu, et al. "Simultaneous activation of multiple signal transduction pathways confers poor prognosis in acute myelogenous leukemia." Blood 108, no. 7 (2006): 2358–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2006-02-003475.
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Abstract Deregulation of signal transduction pathways (STPs) may promote leukemogenesis by conferring cell proliferation and survival advantages in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Several agents targeting STPs are under development; however, redundancy and cross-talk between STPs could activate multiple downstream effectors and this could negate the effect of single-target inhibition. The frequency of concurrent activation of multiple STPs in AML and the prognostic relevance of STP activation in AML are unknown. STP protein expression (PKCα, ERK2, pERK2, AKT, and pAKT) was measured by Western blot in samples from 188 patients with newly diagnosed, untreated AML. In univariate and multivariate analysis high levels of PKCα, ERK, pERK, and pAKT, but not AKT, were adverse factors for survival as was the combination variable PKCα-ERK2&pERK2-pAKT. Survival progressively decreased as the number of activated pathways increased. Patients were more likely to have none or all 3 pathways activated than was predicted based on the frequency of individual pathway activation, strongly suggesting that cross-activation occurred. Simultaneous activation of multiple STPs is common in AML and has a progressively worse adverse effect on prognosis. It is thus likely that only combinations of agents that target the multiply activated STPs will be beneficial for patients with AML.
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Giwa, Abdulmoseen Segun, and Nasir Ali. "An Extensive Analysis of the Engineering Design of Underground Sewage Plants in China." Processes 11, no. 10 (2023): 3010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11103010.
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In recent years, underground sewage treatment plants that can remarkably reduce land occupation with less environmental pollution are gradually entering the popular consciousness and are now being used widely. However, problems associated with the traditional treatment plants, such as high construction and operation cost, severe health and safety risks, and monotonous landscape design have limited their value and restricted their application and promotion. Through the literature and field investigations, the value of underground sewage treatment plants (STPs) was analyzed, their engineering and landscape design were studied, and their development direction was explored in order to supply a theoretical basis for further application and development of underground STPs. The analysis showed that as a new model of environmentally friendly sewage treatment and resource conservation, underground STPs have the apparent advantages of lower cost of land use for construction and pipeline as well as an outstanding value for the urban landscape and ecological environment. These factors can offset its relatively high construction and operating costs to a certain extent, especially when compared with above-ground STPs. The engineering design study results showed that significant differences existed between underground STPs and traditional above-ground STPs, and that the main contents of the engineering design of underground STPs consist of treatment scale and degree, influent and effluent qualities, site selection, design model, underground arrangement and structure, main treatment process, monomer structure, ventilation and deodorization, daylighting and artificial lightings, fire safety, operation and maintenance, and the linkage design between the above-ground landscape and the underground STP.
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Sampaio Filho, Milton Correia, and Jair Nascimento-Santos. "Key features of governance in brazilian science and technology parks." Revista Ibero-Americana de Estratégia 16, no. 3 (2017): 55–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5585/ijsm.v16i3.2528.
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The situation of Brazilian Science and Technology Parks (STPs) operation led to the field research. Even with the public policy of stimulus and support of associations, nothing has been mapped on the dissemination of results (economic growth and regional development). This scenario instigates the question: What are the governance characteristics of Brazilian Science and Technology Parks? A empirical field research was developed, taking into consideration the possibility of replication trought the registration of the choice criteria in the multiple cases and trought research detalhes and data colection. Eight STPs (TECNOPUC - Porto Alegre, Valetec - Novo Hamburgo, Tecnosinos - Sao Leopoldo, Unicamp, CIATEC and TECHNOPARK - Campinas, Rio Park - Rio de Janeiro and SergipeTec) participated in research. The results and considerations about the research question allows to infer the little effectiveness of governance (without qualitative or quantitative performance indicators) is possibly caused by tensions characterized by elements such as heterogeneity in characteristics of organizations that are part of STPs, lack of consensus on common goals, pressure forces and influences affecting trusts, nonconformity standards and personal and organizational preferences. Leadership relations championed by the government and / or companies can negatively influence the STP's performance as a whole.
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Yang, Yue, Yidi Liu, Qiujie Chen, and Shaoshan Du. "The Influence of “Industry–City–Innovation” Functional Mixing on the Innovative Development of Sci-Tech Parks Under the Background of Urbanization." Sustainability 17, no. 8 (2025): 3715. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17083715.
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The development of sci-tech parks (STPs), as the spatial carrier of urbanization and the growth pole of the innovation economy, cannot be separated from the integration of the three key elements of “industry”, “city”, and “innovation”. This study selects the Hangzhou West Hi-Tech Corridor, which represents the forefront of development practice of China’s STPs and which is a high-quality model with highly integrated “industry–city–innovation” functions, as a case. By using multi-source data, such as geographic information and the point of interest (POI), and research methods, such as the Shannon entropy index and quadratic curve regression, this study examines the influence of “industry–city–innovation” functional mixing on the innovative development of STPs, and explores the optimal mixing degree interval. The results show that the mixing of “industry–city–innovation” functions can promote the STPs’ innovative development, to a certain extent, in the spatial design of urban planning. However, higher mixing is not always better, and excessively high mixing may inhibit innovative development. The optimal functional mixing degree conducive to the STPs’ innovative development is in the range of 0.14 to 0.16. This study is an effective application of the “industry¬–city–innovation” integration theory, provides a constant source of power for urban innovative development, and acts as a reference for future new cities and STPs.
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Román-Brito, Gustavo Alejandro, Martha Eugenia Nava-Gómez, José Félix Brito-Ortiz, Arturo Juárez-García, Estefanía Brito-Nava, and Verónica González-Torres. "Confiabilidad y Validez de la NOM-035-STPS-2018: Una Revisión." Ciencia y Reflexión 4, no. 1 (2025): 764–85. https://doi.org/10.70747/cr.v4i1.93.
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Introducción: La guía tres de la Norma Oficial Mexicana NOM-035-STPS-2018 muestra un cuestionario diseñado para evaluar los factores de riesgo psicosocial. Para garantizar que este instrumento cumpla con su propósito de manera efectiva, resulta esencial revisar su fiabilidad y validez. Objetivo: Realizar una revisión de la literatura sobre la calidad psicométrica del cuestionario de la Guía de Referencia III (GRIII) de la NOM-035-STPS-2018. Materiales y método: Se realizó una búsqueda de la literatura publicada sobre la confiabilidad y la validez de constructo de la guía III de la norma NOM-035-STPS-2018 desde el año que se publicó, hasta el año 2024 en recursos electrónicos disponibles como Google Académico, Scielo, Redalyc, Dialnet, Wiley, Academia, Researchgate, Scopus, Elsevier, Pubmed, Lilacs, Sciencedirect, Proquest y Worl Wide Science. Resultados: Los autores consultados dan clara evidencia de la confiabilidad y de la validez del cuestionario establecido en la Guía de Referencia III de la NOM-035-STPS-2018. Conclusiones: Se sugiere fortalecer la base teórica como pilar fundamental en el uso del instrumento.
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Al-kfairy, Mousa. "Assessing the Impact of Science and Technology Parks on Firm Profitability: A Comparative Study of On-Cluster and Off-Cluster Dynamics." European Conference on Knowledge Management 25, no. 1 (2024): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.34190/eckm.25.1.2529.
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Science and Technology Parks (STPs) are pivotal in driving regional development, primarily through fostering innovation and enhancing regional wealth. However, the impact of STPs on regional development remains a contentious topic with inconclusive findings. This study digs into the contribution of STPs to the profitability of firms by conducting a comparative analysis of profitability and salary data between firms located within these parks (on-cluster) and those outside them (off-cluster). The research adopts a two-pronged approach: initially, it examines firm profitability and employee salaries at an aggregate level to understand the overall economic impact of STPs. Following this, it models the various factors that influence firm profitability, offering a nuanced understanding of the dynamics at play. The findings are revealing – being located within an STP (on-cluster) appears to significantly boost a firm's profitability, but only up to a certain size of the cluster. This suggests that the benefits of being in an STP diminish beyond a certain scale. At a more granular, micro level, the study finds that a firm's previous innovation output has a positive impact on its profitability. This underscores the importance of continuous innovation for sustained economic success within these clusters. Conversely, a larger firm size seems to negatively impact profitability within STPs, indicating a potential strategy for growing firms to relocate off-cluster to mitigate this effect. For firms operating outside STPs (off-cluster), the scenario differs. Here, innovation plays a partial role in influencing profitability, and interestingly, the size of the firm does not significantly impact its profitability. This distinction between on- and off-cluster firms highlights the unique economic ecosystems fostered by STPs and their varied effects on firm performance. Overall, this study contributes to the ongoing debate on the role of STPs in regional development, offering new insights into how these entities affect firm profitability and suggesting potential strategies for firms operating within and outside these parks.
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Rodrigues Mesquita, Tayane Cristiele, Izabelle de Paula Sousa, Maria Fernanda Antunes Collares, and André Pereira Rosa. "A simple and reliable proposal to determine the technical feasibility of biogas use and the energetic self-sustainability in UASB-based sewage treatment plants." Water Science and Technology 83, no. 12 (2021): 3007–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2021.189.
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Abstract The biogas produced in UASB-based sewage treatment plants (STPs) is rarely used for energy purposes and its potential is often unknown. This study aimed to propose a simple and reliable method based on energy balance to determine the technical feasibility of biogas use and the energy self-sufficiency of UASB reactors. To this end, we considered (i) electric power production (E) and (ii) electric power consumption (Econ) ascribed to sewage pumping stations (SPSs) at different pressure heads (0 to 4 m, 4.1 to 8 m, 8.1 to 12 m, and 12.1 to 16 m). The technical feasibility of biogas use was assessed by evaluating if the flow of biogas produced in the STPs would be sufficient for the functioning of a commercial motor-generator. The linear model fit to estimate the biogas energy potential (y-axis) in STPs and the sewage flow (x-axis) is represented by y = 122.65x (R2 = 0.64). In total, 1,054 STPs in Brazil use UASB reactors as treatment units, of which nearly 31% are located in the southeast. However, only 11.2% of these STPs, which serve populations of over 29,981, presented technical feasibility to recover biogas. The mathematical equations proposed in this study to estimate the net electric power production in UASB-based STPs are relevant tools for sanitation companies and can enable studies to be performed for the implementation of energy self-sufficiency projects in Brazil.
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Tanaka, H., Y. Yakou, A. Takahashi, T. Higashitani, and K. Komori. "Comparison between estrogenicities estimated from DNA recombinant yeast assay and from chemical analyses of endocrine disruptors during sewage treatment." Water Science and Technology 43, no. 2 (2001): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0081.
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This study discusses the estrogenicity and the extent of estrogenic effects, of sewage and treated sewage in public sewage treatment plants in Japan. The estrogenicity in this study was measured with a DNA recombinant yeast strain. Using this method, 43 chemicals that are suspected to have estrogen-like effects were measured and their estrogenicities were evaluated in terms of 17β-estradiol equivalents by comparison with the estrogenicity of 17β-estradiol. 17β-estradiol equivalents of influent and effluent sampled from 20 sewage treatment plants (STPs) were measured with this method. Because the concentrations of endocrine disruptors (EDs) in the STPs were monitored by the Ministry of Construction (MOC), the estrogenic effects estimated from the chemical data were obtained as a theoretical estrogenicity in terms of 17β-estradiol equivalent. The results suggest that STPs effectively reduce the estrogenicity and the theoretical estrogenicity during treatment, and that there were some differences between the estrogenicity assayed by the yeast and the theoretical estrogenicity in many STPs, particularly in influent sewage. Therefore, it is implied that unknown estrogen-like substances or antagonists might exist in influent sewage and treated sewage in STPs.
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Kim, Keug Tae, and Sanghwa Park. "Enhancing Microplastics Removal from Wastewater Using Electro-Coagulation and Granule-Activated Carbon with Thermal Regeneration." Processes 9, no. 4 (2021): 617. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9040617.
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Discharge from sewage treatment plants (STPs) is a significant pathway of entry for microplastics (MPs) to the environment. Therefore, STPs should be considered as an important barrier to the distribution and circulation of MPs in the aquatic environment. In this study, the fate and material-specific properties of MPs were investigated in an STP-equipped and granule-activated carbon (GAC) tower with a thermal regeneration system. This system functioned with a tertiary treatment unit. The GAC with thermal regeneration removed 92.8% of MPs and was useful for removing MPs with a specific gravity less than that of water and with a size of 20–50 µm, which had negligible removal in the conventional STP process. In addition, a lab-scale electric-coagulation experiment was conducted to examine its potential utility as a pretreatment process for further enhancing the removal efficiency of MPs by GAC. After 30 min of electro-coagulation using aluminum electrodes, 90% of MPs were converted into separable flocs by centrifugation. These flocs may be effectively removed by GAC or other tertiary treatment steps. This study demonstrates that GAC with thermal regeneration is a tertiary process that can efficiently prohibit the release of MPs from STPs and circulation of MPs in the natural environment.
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Han, Jing, Yasser M. Sanad, Joanna Deck, et al. "Bacterial Populations Associated with Smokeless Tobacco Products." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 82, no. 20 (2016): 6273–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01612-16.
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ABSTRACTThere are an estimated 8 million users of smokeless tobacco products (STPs) in the United States, and yet limited data on microbial populations within these products exist. To better understand the potential microbiological risks associated with STP use, a study was conducted to provide a baseline microbiological profile of STPs. A total of 90 samples, representing 15 common STPs, were purchased in metropolitan areas in Little Rock, AR, and Washington, DC, in November 2012, March 2013, and July 2013. Bacterial populations were evaluated using culture, pyrosequencing, and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Moist-snuff products exhibited higher levels of bacteria (average of 1.05 × 106CFU/g STP) and diversity of bacterial populations than snus (average of 8.33 × 101CFU/g STP) and some chewing tobacco products (average of 2.54 × 105CFU/g STP). The most common species identified by culturing wereBacillus pumilus,B. licheniformis,B. safensis, andB. subtilis, followed by members of the generaOceanobacillus,Staphylococcus, andTetragenococcus.Pyrosequencing analyses of the 16S rRNA genes identified the generaTetragenococcus,Carnobacterium,Lactobacillus,Geobacillus,Bacillus, andStaphylococcusas the predominant taxa. Several species identified are of possible concern due to their potential to cause opportunistic infections and reported abilities to reduce nitrates to nitrites, which may be an important step in the formation of carcinogenic tobacco-specific N′-nitrosamines. This report provides a microbiological baseline to help fill knowledge gaps associated with microbiological risks of STPs and to inform potential regulations regarding manufacture and testing of STPs.IMPORTANCEIt is estimated that there 8 million users of smokeless tobacco products (STPs) in the United States; however, there are limited data on microbial populations that exist within these products. The current study was undertaken to better understand the potential microbiological risks associated with STP use and provide a baseline microbiological profile of STPs. Several bacterial species were identified that are of possible concern due to their potential to cause opportunistic infections. In addition, some species have abilities to reduce nitrates to nitrites, which may be an important step in the formation of carcinogenic tobacco-specific N′-nitrosamines. Overall, this report provides a microbiological baseline to help fill knowledge gaps related to the microbiological risks of STPs and to inform potential regulations regarding the manufacture and testing of STPs.
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Olguín Moreno, Alberto. "SEGURIDAD E HIGIENE INDUSTRIAL EN LAS PYMES DE HERMOSILLO, SONORA, MÉXICO." EPISTEMUS 13, no. 27 (2020): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.36790/epistemus.v13i27.117.
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En el presente artículo se realiza un estudio descriptivo de la situación actual de las pequeñas y medianas empresa del sector industrial que operan en la ciudad de Hermosillo, Sonora, México, con el objetivo de conocer el grado de aplicación de la normatividad existente en materia de seguridad e higiene. Para ello, tomando como referencia las normas oficiales mexicanas STPS-001, STPS-002, STPS-017 y STPS-021, se diseñó y aplicó un instrumento de cuestionario para obtener información sobre las condiciones de trabajo en materia de seguridad e higiene. La forma en que se llevó a cabo la selección de las empresas fue a través de la página de Internet de la Secretaría de Economía de México, tomando como población objetivo el listado pequeñas y medianas empresas del sector industrial, publicado en el sitio web. Posteriormente, a través de un muestreo estratificado se seleccionaron las pequeñas y medianas empresas.
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Son, Dong-Jin, Chang-Soo Kim, Jae-Ho Lee, Jeong-Ki Yoon, Soo-Hyung Lee, and Dong-Hwan Jeong. "Occurrence Assessment of Pharmaceuticals in Various Sewage Treatment Plants and Effluent-Receiving Streams in Korea." Water 15, no. 22 (2023): 3897. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15223897.
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The occurrence of micropollutants, including pharmaceuticals, personal care products, pesticides, and hormones in various aquatic ecosystems is a matter of grave concern due to their possible repercussions on human and wildlife endocrine systems. The wastewater containing pharmaceuticals from various sites is usually introduced to sewage treatment plants (STPs); therefore, monitoring of pharmaceuticals in STPs is crucial. In this study, we determined the occurrence of 58 pharmaceuticals in the influent and effluent of 13 STPs based on regional and linked wastewater differences and investigated their removal rates. Furthermore, we assessed the contribution rates of some STP effluents on pharmaceutical concentration in the upstream and downstream areas of the discharge source. Different kinds of pharmaceuticals were measured in the STPs. The top five pharmaceuticals with high concentrations in the influent of each STP were similar due to the dominance of domestic sewage in the influent. The average concentration of acetaminophen, caffeine, acetylsalicylic acid, naproxen, and ibuprofen in the influent of the STPs was higher than that of other pharmaceuticals, and their removal was 94–100%. In contrast, iopamidol, cimetidine, diphenhydramine, and carbamazepine showed a high average concentration in the effluent. The monitoring results of nine streams near STPs indicated that the effluent could contribute to the increase in the types of pharmaceuticals in the receiving streams. The detected pharmaceuticals’ types were 9–29 and 17–33 in the upstream and downstream areas, respectively, of STP discharge channels. Based on flowrate data, the contribution rate of the STP effluent on the stream was −69–326%.
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Perdana, Yoga, Suryana Suryana, Hari Mulyadi, Budhi Pamungkas Gautama, and Dibias Lazuardi Maulid. "Toward Innovation Hub Excellence: A Scientometric Analysis of Science Techno Parks Worldwide (1982- 2023)." JURNAL APARATUR 7, no. 2 (2023): 105–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.52596/ja.v7i2.226.
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As part of the university's mission to drive innovation and economic development, the popularity of Science and Technology Parks (STPs) as a policy tool is rising. The synergy between innovative companies and universities is expected to facilitate knowledge exchange, fostering increased innovation. However, the evolution of STPs in diverse contexts and for different purposes has led to a fragmented research landscape, primarily consisting of case studies on individual parks across various disciplines. Drawing on 855 articles from the Scopus database since 1983, this study extracted and evaluated 552 research outcomes using the BibTeX method in the R studio software. Leading the list in terms of Aggregated Article Citations (AAC) are Spain (29.60), Georgia (23.8), China (11.40), and the USA (27.7). The research presents a comprehensive systematic literature review on STPs, shedding light on their evolving relationship with universities and encompassing new topics such as economic development, high-tech industries, innovation, science and technology, sustainable development, technological progress, and technology transfer. A B S T R A K Sebagai bagian dari misi perguruan tinggi untuk mendorong inovasi dan pengembangan ekonomi, popularitas Science and Technology Parks (STPs) sebagai alat kebijakan semakin meningkat. Keterpaduan antara perusahaan inovatif dan perguruan tinggi diharapkan dapat mendukung pertukaran pengetahuan, mendorong peningkatan inovasi. Namun, perkembangan STPs dalam konteks yang beragam dan untuk tujuan yang berbeda telah menghasilkan lanskap penelitian yang terfragmentasi, terutama melalui studi kasus pada STPs individual di berbagai disiplin ilmu. Berdasarkan 855 artikel dari database Scopus sejak tahun 1983, penelitian ini mengekstrak dan mengevaluasi 552 hasil penelitian dengan menggunakan metode BibTeX dalam perangkat lunak R studio. hasil yang diperoleh dari rata-rata kutipan artikel yang terbit menunjukan bahwa Spanyol (29,60), Georgia (23,8), Tiongkok (11,40), dan Amerika Serikat (27,7). Penelitian ini menyajikan tinjauan literatur sistematis yang komprehensif mengenai STPs, memberikan wawasan tentang hubungan mereka yang terus berkembang dengan perguruan tinggi, dan mencakup topik-topik baru seperti pengembangan ekonomi, industri teknologi tinggi, inovasi, ilmu dan teknologi, pembangunan berkelanjutan, kemajuan teknologi, dan transfer teknologi.
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Joshua, Derrick Ian, Sumith Abeykoon, Izumi Watanabe, et al. "Seasonal movement of trace-element discharge in a typical south-Indian suburban community." Water Science and Technology 77, no. 4 (2017): 1035–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2017.618.
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Abstract Four conventional activated sludge sewage treatment plants (STPs) in Southern India were chosen to investigate the occurrence of major ions and trace metals in dissolved fraction of the wastewater. Samples were collected from inlet and outlet of STPs during the pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons. Except for a few elements (Mn, Mo and Ni), the concentrations of the rest increased at the outlet of STPs, suggesting that there is an addition of these elements during the treatment process. The increase in concentrations at the STP outlet ranged from 1.25 times for Mn to 3,254 times for Ag during the pre-monsoon. In the monsoon, the increase ranged from 1.75 (Fe) to 1,510 (Ag). This suggests that there is a substantial anthropogenic input of these elements as they pass through the treatment process. Removal rates of elements in STPs also varied. 59% of Mn was removed during the treatment process during pre-monsoon as compared to 67% removal during monsoon.
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Brandt, Emanuel Manfred Freire, Cláudio Leite de Souza, Erick Javier Centeno Mora, Fábio José Bianchetti, Juliana Mattos Bohrer Santos, and Carlos Augusto de Lemos Chernicharo. "Part B: Advances in gas emission control techniques for anaerobic-based STPs Technical Note 1 - Topics of interest." Cadernos Técnicos Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental 1, no. 2 (2021): 5–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/276455760102001.
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Anaerobic-based sewage treatment plants (STPs) produce various gases that, if not properly managed, can lead to problems such as odor, corrosion, occupational risks, energy losses, or even intensification of the greenhouse effect. The above-mentioned problems are mainly related to the presence of hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) and methane (CH4 ) in the biogas and/or in diffuse emissions from the various units of the STPs. In this sense, this technical note (TN) aimed at addressing the main aspects related to the generation and control of gaseous emissions in anaerobic-based STPs. This contribution is derived from the experience of experts and professionals of the academic and water utility sectors, as well as from the specialized literature. The techniques of interest are summarized in this TN, being individually detailed in the following TN of the collection “Valoration and management of gaseous by-products of sewage treatment. Part B: Advances in gas emission control techniques for anaerobic-based STPs”.
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Al Nasiri, Noura, Abdullah Al Fazari, Waad Ali, Boadi Agyekum, and Elnazir Ramadan. "Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Approach for Siting Sewer Treatment Plants in Muscat, Oman." Urban Science 7, no. 3 (2023): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/urbansci7030082.
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Sewer Treatment Plants (STPs) are essential pieces of infrastructure given the growing scarcity of water sources due to the challenges of urbanization. The positioning of STPs is a complex multidimensional process that involves integrative decision-making approaches that consider multiple sustainability criteria to ensure their optimal placement. The Multi-Criteria Decision Method (MCDM) is a suite of approaches available to decision-makers when making systematic and scientifically informed decisions on siting wastewater treatment plants. Although MCDM methods have manifold applications in different geographic contexts, there is a paucity of studies employing MCDM models for the siting of STPs within the context of Oman. In this study, we assessed the locations of existing STPs and identified suitable locations for future STPs within the Muscat Governorate of Oman using a Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Analytic Hierarchy Process (MCDM-AHP) model in a Geographic Information System (GIS) environment. Eight factors were considered in the MCDM-AHP model: slope, elevation, proximity to built-up areas, airports, valleys, road networks, the sea, parks, and golf courses. Each factor was assigned priority weights based on its importance using the AHP method. Thematic maps were generated to categorize the potential sites into different suitability levels. The results showed that the coastal areas of A’Seeb and Bowsher were the most suitable locations for STPs, representing only 1.19% of the total study area. The novelty of this study stems from the perspective of an original application within the context of Oman, which has generated novel results and interpretations. This has significant implications for urban policy and planning with respect to better informing decision-makers with a systematic framework for efficient wastewater treatment.
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Zhou, Yan, Dong Qing Zhang, Minh Tuyet Le, Aik Num Puah, and Wun Jern Ng. "Energy utilization in sewage treatment – a review with comparisons." Journal of Water and Climate Change 4, no. 1 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2013.117.
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In recent years, the operating cost of sewage treatment plants (STPs) in some parts of the world has been rising due to increases in the cost of energy. STPs have focused on energy reduction and recovery from treatment processes in order to lower energy consumption. The development involves the improvement of capital set-up for treatment plants in terms of equipment upgrading/plant sizing as well as exploration of novel technologies for sewage, excess sludge treatment and biogas recovery. This review compares the current technologies applied in STPs around the world and discusses these technologies and facilities which may enhance energy reduction and recovery in sewage treatment.
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Anastasi, E. M., B. Matthews, H. M. Stratton, and M. Katouli. "Pathogenic Escherichia coli Found in Sewage Treatment Plants and Environmental Waters." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 78, no. 16 (2012): 5536–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00657-12.
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ABSTRACTWe previously demonstrated that someEscherichia colistrains with uropathogenic properties survived treatment stages of sewage treatment plants (STPs), suggesting that they may be released into the environment. We investigated the presence of such strains in the surrounding environmental waters of four STPs from which these persistent strains were isolated. In all, 264E. coliisolates were collected from 129 receiving water sites in a 20-km radius surrounding STPs. We also included 93E. colistrains collected from 18 animal species for comparison. Isolates were typed using a high-resolution biochemical fingerprinting method (the PhPlate system), and grouped into common (C) types. One hundred forty-seven (56%) environmental isolates were identical to strains found in STPs' final effluents. Of these, 140 (95%) carried virulence genes (VGs) associated with intestinal pathogenicE. coli(IPEC) or uropathogenicE. coli(UPEC) and were found in a variety of sites within areas sampled. Of the remaining 117 environmental strains not identical to STP strains, 105 belonged to 18 C types and 102 of them carried VGs found among IPEC or UPEC strains. These strains belonged mainly to phylogenetic groups A (A0 and A1) and B1 and to a lesser extent B22, B23, D1, and D2. Eight of 18 environmental C types, comprising 50 isolates, were also identical to bird strains. The presence of a high percentage of environmentalE. coliin waters near STPs carrying VGs associated with IPEC and UPEC suggests that they may have derived from STP effluents and other nonpoint sources.
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Yami, Mahdi, Gao Changchun, and Gao Han. "The Science and Technology Parks (STPs) Evaluation Model Approach to Eco-Innovation Key Indicator." International Business Research 11, no. 11 (2018): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v11n11p187.
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Science and Technology Park (STP) is one of the most important innovation policies to develop the regional economy. To manage the STPs successfully, a standard evaluation system as a reference is needed. However, there is no consensus about the definition of successful STPs due to their different goals and regions. Hence, it is necessary to establish a reference framework to evaluate the success of different STPs and it is essential to assess their main goals as the competitive advantage by a set of innovation indicators. This study developed a research model to evaluate the competitiveness of STPs by analyzing the impact of innovation subjective externalities based on the Global Innovation Index (GII) and approach to the eco-innovation key indicator. This STP evaluation model is adopted and tested by two different fuzzy analyzing and examines the survey forms and questionnaires that have been filled by some STP experts and as a case study all the evidence has been gathered and analyzed from &ldquo;Caohejing Hi-Tech Park&rdquo; in Shanghai and the results evaluated the competitive advantage via innovation policies and performances and the rating rank contents some innovation main dimensions, key indicators and factors and also the important result as eco-innovation development and diffusion.
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Jensen, Martin Bach, Jens Erik Jorgensen, Tamana Afzali, Michael Skovdal Rathleff, and Andreas Kjær. "STPs: occupational therapists and physiotherapists can support GPs." British Journal of General Practice 68, no. 666 (2017): 14.3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3399/bjgp17x694037.
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Fujita, M., M. Ike, K. Mori, et al. "Behaviour of nonylphenol ethoxylates in sewage treatment plants in Japan – biotransformation and ecotoxicity." Water Science and Technology 42, no. 7-8 (2000): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0548.
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Behavior of nonylphenol polyethoxylates (NPnEOs, n; number of ethoxy units) in 40 full-scale sewage treatment plants (STPs) in Japan was studied. Primary effluent (PE), secondary effluent (SE) and final effluent (FE) samples were collected from the STPs, and NPnEOs, their metabolic intermediates and related halogenated derivatives were quantitatively analyzed. Parent NPnEOs (n=4–18) were detected at concentrations between 5.1 and 1035 μg/l with the average value of 296 μg/l in the PEs from all the STPs, indicating widespread pollution of NPnEOs in Japan. The analyses of SEs revealed that normal biological treatment can relatively efficiently remove NPnEOs, however, the biotransformation led to the formation of biologically-refractory metabolites like nonylphenol (NP), NPnEOs with shorter ethoxy chains (n=1–3; NP1-3EO) and nonylphenol carboxylic acids (NP1-3EC). Halogenated (chlorinated or brominated) NPnEOs and/or NPnECs (n=1–2), which are considered to be produced as by-products during the disinfection processes using chlorination, were also found in SEs and/or FEs from 25 STPs. The ecotoxicity assays showed that the metabolic intermediates of NPnEOs possess higher acute toxicity against Daphnia magna and estrogenic activity than the parent surfactant NPnEOs.
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Lyu, Bing Hai, Wei Tao Dai, Hai Zhou Weng, Min Li, Qian Fa Deng, and Ju Long Yuan. "Influence of Components on the Rheological Property of Shear Thickening Polishing Slurry." Advanced Materials Research 1136 (January 2016): 461–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1136.461.
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Shear thickening polishing (STP) method was newly developed to achieve high efficient and high quality finishing of complex curved surface. The shear thickening fluid based slurry is one of the key factors in STP process. Viscosity of different shear thickening polishing slurry (STPS) was tested by rheometer in this study. The influences of dispersed particle size and concentration, abrasive material, abrasive particle size and concentration on the rheological property of STPS were analyzed. The results show that smaller dispersed particle (5.5 or 13μm in this study) and relative higher concentration (50-55 wt.%) are better for shear thickening effect of the base fluid. The viscosity of base fluid increases from 0.15-0.3 Pa·s to 0.8-1.1 Pa·s under high shear rate. The participation of Al2O3 and diamond abrasive changes the rheological property little, and the viscosity of STPS reaches the highest value 1.8 Pa·s at shear rate 300 s-1. But SiC abrasive obviously destroys the shear thickening effect. SPTS with different Al2O3 abrasive concentration in this study presents almost same viscosity curve. It is inferred that the number of the abrasive particle but not the weight ratio plays the role to effect the rheological property of STPS.
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Rietow, Julio Cezar, Gustavo Rafael Collere Possetti, Lívia Cristina Silva Lobato, et al. "Part A: Sanitization and use of sewage sludge in soil Technical Note 5 - Thermal sludge drying and sanitization." Cadernos Técnicos Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental 2, no. 1 (2022): 59–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/276455760201005.
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Thermal drying of the sludge produced in sewage treatment plants (STPs) is a physical process that allows for a significant reduction of the moisture intrinsic to the material, reducing its mass and volume for handling and final disposal. The process also allows for thermal sanitization of the sludge, dispensing the use of chemical products for that purpose. A fundamental requirement for the operationalization of the process is the availability of heat, which can be obtained, for example, through the energy recovery of biogas and the dry sludge found in STPs, corroborating with the concepts of sustainability, renewable energy and circular economy. Although thermal sludge drying is already consolidated in several countries, it is still not a common practice in Brazil. Therefore, this technical note presents the main topics of interest associated with drying and thermal sanitation of sludge for STPs of different sizes, as well as a review of the fundamentals inherent to the process and the methods for selection of dryers. This document also reports examples of thermal sludge drying and sanitization systems, in addition to important aspects to be considered when implementing the process in STPs.
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Rietow, Julio Cezar, Gustavo Rafael Collere Possetti, Charles Carneiro, and Miguel Mansur Aisse. "Part A: Advances in tools and techniques for estimating biogas production and treatment in anaerobic-based STPs Technical Note 6 - Surveying risks associated with explosions and classification of explosive atmospheres in STPs with biogas production." Cadernos Técnicos Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental 1, no. 1 (2021): 75–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/276455760101008.
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Sewage treatment plants (STPs) with anaerobic systems, especially those with UASB reactors, have been widely used in Brazil. One of the main advantages of these systems is the biogas production, a byproduct with great energy potential because it contains methane in its composition. As a flammable gas, methane at certain concentrations of mixture with atmospheric air can form an explosive gas mixture. The identification of the main sources of risk of biogas release and also the availability of ventilation over these sources are fundamental for the classification of areas of the STPs in risk zones, and, consequently, to guide the necessary procedures to keep them safe. Thus, this technical note presents the main requirements for surveying risks associated with explosions and classification of explosive atmospheres in STPs with biogas production.
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Hernández Morales, Nakú Guadalupe Hernández Morales, Betsy Suhail Yñiguez Balderas, Gil Díaz Rodríguez Díaz Rodríguez, and Maribel Palmeros Morales. "Evaluación de Normativa de Seguridad Aplicable en una Empresa Productora de Ganado Vacuno." Estudios y Perspectivas Revista Científica y Académica 4, no. 4 (2024): 1048–59. https://doi.org/10.61384/r.c.a..v4i4.719.
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El trabajo que se presenta en este documento consiste en una evaluación de las condiciones de seguridad en edificios e instalaciones del centro de trabajo de una empresa dedicada a la producción de ganado, ubicada en la Cuenca del Papaloapan. Se realizó un análisis de los requerimientos de las normas oficiales NOM-001-STPS-2088, NOM-002-STPS-2010 y NOM-026-STPS-2010, se diseñaron las hojas de verificación necesarias para la evaluación, con la evaluación de la conformidad y difusión de resultados se propuso un plan de mejora. Con las acciones llevadas a cabo se tuvieron incrementos en los porcentajes de cumplimiento de los requerimientos de las tres NOM en las cuatro áreas bajo estudio. De manera general, el promedio del incremento de cumplimiento fue 12.08%.
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Liu, Jiang, Jianjiang Lu, Yanbin Tong, and Chao Li. "Occurrence and elimination of antibiotics in three sewage treatment plants with different treatment technologies in Urumqi and Shihezi, Xinjiang." Water Science and Technology 75, no. 6 (2017): 1474–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2017.013.
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Fourteen antibiotics, including five quinolones (QNs), five sulfonamides (SAs), and four tetracyclines (TCs), were selected to investigate their occurrence and elimination in three sewage treatment plants (STPs) by employing different treatment technologies in Urumqi (two STPs) and Shihezi (one STP), China. The STP in Shihezi was chosen as representative to investigate the distribution of antibiotics in a sludge-sewage system. Results showed that the concentrations of most detected antibiotics ranged from tens to hundreds of nanograms per liter in influent samples and under 100 ng L−1 in effluent samples. QNs and TCs were dominant species with concentrations of 2.33 mg kg−1 to 3.34 mg kg−1 and 0.36 mg kg−1 to 0.47 mg kg−1 in sludge samples, respectively. The elimination rates of target antibiotics by various STPs ranged from 17% to 100%. The STP with anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic and membrane bio-reactor technology removed antibiotics more efficiently than those with anaerobic/anoxic/oxic and oxidation ditch technology. The elimination capacities of treatment units from the three STPs were also investigated. SAs were mainly degraded in biological treatment units; conversely, QNs and TCs were significantly eliminated in sedimentary treatment units. Ozonation effectively removed remaining antibiotics but not UV and chlorination disinfection in this study.
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Wu, Yue, Yue Yang, Qiuxiao Chen, and Weishun Xu. "The Correlation between the Jobs–Housing Relationship and the Innovative Development of Sci-Tech Parks in New Urban Districts: A Case Study of the Hangzhou West Hi-Tech Corridor in China." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no. 12 (2020): 762. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9120762.
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Sci-tech parks (STPs), as a key space carrier of urbanization, have transformed into comprehensive parks with mixed urban functions and advanced hi-tech industries. The jobs–housing relationship, which is closely related to the two major urban functions of work and residence, affects the efficiency of urban operation. This study focused on the correlation between the jobs–housing relationship and the innovative development of STPs, adopting the Hangzhou West Hi-Tech Corridor as a case study. Four indicators reflecting the jobs–housing balance index and commuting distance and ten indicators reflecting agglomeration degree, development scale, innovative ability, financial status, and comprehensive development level of enterprises were selected to perform partial least squares regression. The results show that the jobs–housing relationship was correlated with the innovative development of STPs. Relatively short commuting distance may promote the development and agglomeration of sci-tech enterprises. However, short average commuting distance was not necessarily good. The working space and living space needed to be mixed at an appropriate scale and distance—to be close but not too close. This study provides references for the future development of STPs and the application of mixed-use zoning in the urban spatial planning; additionally, it supports for the research and practice of industry–city integration and urbanization.
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Anastasi, E. M., B. Matthews, A. Gundogdu, et al. "Prevalence and Persistence of Escherichia coli Strains with Uropathogenic Virulence Characteristics in Sewage Treatment Plants." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76, no. 17 (2010): 5882–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00141-10.
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ABSTRACTWe investigated the prevalence and persistence ofEscherichia colistrains in four sewage treatment plants (STPs) in a subtropical region of Queensland, Australia. In all, 264E. colistrains were typed using a high-resolution biochemical fingerprinting method and grouped into either a single or a common biochemical phenotype (S-BPT and C-BPT, respectively). These strains were also tested for their phylogenetic groups and 12 virulence genes associated with intestinal and extraintestinalE. colistrains. Comparison of BPTs at various treatment stages indicated that certain BPTs were found in two or all treatment stages. These BPTs constituted the highest proportion ofE. colistrains in each STP and belonged mainly to phylogenetic group B2 and, to a lesser extent, group D. No virulence genes associated with intestinalE. coliwere found among the strains, but 157 (59.5%) strains belonging to 14 C-BPTs carried one or more virulence genes associated with uropathogenic strains. Of these, 120 (76.4%) strains belonged to seven persistent C-BPTs and were found in all four STPs. Our results indicate that certain clonal groups ofE. coliwith virulence characteristics of uropathogenic strains can survive the treatment processes of STPs. These strains were common to all STPs and constituted the highest proportion of the strains in different treatment tanks of each STP.
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Gündoğdu, Aycan, Amy V. Jennison, Helen V. Smith, Helen Stratton та Mohammad Katouli. "Extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing Escherichia coli in hospital wastewaters and sewage treatment plants in Queensland, Australia". Canadian Journal of Microbiology 59, № 11 (2013): 737–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2013-0515.
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We investigated the prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli in untreated hospital wastewaters and 2 sewage treatment plants (STPs). A collection of 252 ESBL-producing E. coli isolates from hospital wastewater and STPs were typed and tested for resistance to 17 antimicrobial agents and for the presence of integron-associated integrases (intI gene) and ESBL genes. Eighty-nine percent (n = 176) of the ESBL-producing E. coli strains from hospital wastewater were found in more than 1 sample (common types), with 1 common type accounting for 35% of isolates, found in all samples. These strains were also resistant to up to 9 non-β-lactam antibiotics and showed the same pattern of resistance in all samples. More than 73% of the hospital wastewater isolates possessed SHV-type ESBL as opposed to isolates from STPs that carried only CTX-M-type ESBL genes. The prevalence of the intI gene did not differ between the sources of the isolates. Certain ESBL-producing E. coli were dominant in hospital wastewaters. These strains possessed β-lactamase genes that were different from isolates found in STPs. From a public health point of view, the presence of such a high level of ESBL-producing E. coli strains in hospital wastewaters is of great importance.