Journal articles: 'Strabisme convergent'

1

Amortila, Muriel. "Strabisme convergent accommodatif." Revue Francophone d'Orthoptie 13, no. 4 (October 2020): 191–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rfo.2020.09.007.

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Fitton, Nathalie. "Strabisme convergent et troubles du comportement." Revue Francophone d'Orthoptie 9, no. 3 (July 2016): 176–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rfo.2016.06.001.

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Amortila, Muriel. "Jeanne, strabisme convergent et vision binoculaire." Revue Francophone d'Orthoptie 11, no. 2 (April 2018): 138–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rfo.2018.06.008.

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4

Klainguti, G. "La Chirurgie Précoce du Strabisme Convergent Congénital." Klinische Monatsblätter für Augenheilkunde 222, no. 03 (March 2005): 172–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2005-857974.

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Klainguti, Giorgio, J. Strickler, and C. Presset. "Strabisme convergent accommodatif partiel avec et sans excès de convergence. Traitement chirurgical." Klinische Monatsblätter für Augenheilkunde 208, no. 05 (May 1996): 352–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1035235.

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6

Speeg-Schatz, C., S. Gottenkiene, A. Sauer, and A. Roth. "Pourquoi et quand opérer un strabisme convergent chez l’enfant ?" Journal Français d'Ophtalmologie 38, no. 3 (March 2015): 247–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfo.2014.10.006.

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7

Lasry, F., H. Damane, M. Oumlil, and H. Hadj Khalifa. "À propos d’un strabisme convergent et d’un syndrome néphrotique…" Archives de Pédiatrie 11, no. 3 (March 2004): 258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arcped.2003.11.031.

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Beauvais, Marie-Claude Sagot. "Prise en soins pré- et postopératoire du strabisme convergent de l’adulte." Revue Francophone d'Orthoptie 13, no. 1 (March 2020): 35–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rfo.2020.01.005.

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9

Iuvara-Bommeli, A., and G. Klainguti. "Chirurgie précoce du strabisme convergent - Résultats préliminaires d'une série de 45 cas." Klinische Monatsblätter für Augenheilkunde 204, no. 05 (May 1994): 366–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1035560.

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10

Bui Quoc, E., N. Quenech’du, and C. Milleret. "009 Plasticité de l’intégration interhémisphérique visuelle via le corps calleux en cas de strabisme convergent unilatéral précoce." Journal Français d'Ophtalmologie 28 (March 2005): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0181-5512(05)74405-3.

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11

Sharma, T. K., J. S. Grewal, and M. MacDonald. "Divergent Strabismus Fixus - A Case Report." European Journal of Ophthalmology 13, no. 2 (March 2003): 207–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/112067210301300214.

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Strabismus fixus is a rare condition and usually is of convergent type in which one or both eyes are anchored in a position of extreme adduction. Convergent type strabismus fixus is considered to be a congenital disorder (1) and a part of congenital extraocular muscle fibrosis syndrome (1). Villasecca (2) and Martinez (4) described an acquired type of strabismus fixus. Hayashi et al (3) reported that progressive esotropia could develop into the acquired type of convergent strabismus fixus. There are very few reports of divergent strabismus fixus in the literature. It may or may not be accompanied by ptosis or generalized extraocular muscle fibrosis. In our report, a case of divergent type strabismus fixus is described and discussed.

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12

Cheng, H., Y. M. Chino, E. L. Smith, J. Hamamoto, and K. Yoshida. "Transfer characteristics of X LGN neurons in cats reared with early discordant binocular vision." Journal of Neurophysiology 74, no. 6 (December 1, 1995): 2558–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1995.74.6.2558.

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1. The effects of early discordant binocular vision on the functional development of the cat lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) were investigated by quantitatively comparing responses of individual LGN neurons with their direct retinal inputs. 2. Unilateral convergent strabismus (esotropia) was surgically induced in 11 kittens at the age of 3 wk. After the animals had reached 9 mo of age, extracellular microelectrode recordings were made from individual X LGN units in lamina A and A1 of anesthetized and paralyzed cats. Responses were measured for drifting sinusoidal gratings. Within-unit comparisons of LGN action potentials (LGN output) and S potentials (retinal input) were performed to determine the nature of signal transfer in the units driven by the deviating (N = 42) or nondeviating eyes (N = 29) of strabismic cats. The results were compared with similar data (N = 29) obtained from nine normal control cats. 3. The spatial resolution of many individual LGN units in strabismic cats was abnormally reduced relative to their retinal inputs. These differences were more pronounced in units that received inputs from the nasal retina of the contralateral eye. The resolution loss was closely associated with a dramatic decrease in the strength of the receptive field center mechanism of LGN units relative to their retinal inputs. Moreover, the efficiency of signal transfer for high-spatial-frequency stimuli, determined by the transfer ratio (response amplitude of LGN action potentials/amplitude of S potentials), was significantly lower in strabismic cats compared with normal controls. 4. In strabismic cats, contrast thresholds for the action potentials of individual LGN units were significantly higher than those determined for the S potentials. In normal cats, the input-output differences in contrast threshold were negligible. The observed contrast sensitivity loss was more pronounced for high-spatial-frequency stimuli. 5. The speed of signal transfer was significantly decreased in the LGNs of strabismic animals. The visual response latencies of many, but not all, X LGN cells in the strabismic cats were abnormally long when compared with those in normal control units, whereas SP latencies were virtually the same for strabismic and normal cats. Abnormal latencies were prevalent in units that exhibited contrast threshold deficits, and were more severe among the units receiving input from the contralateral nasal retina. 6. The deficits in strabismic cats were found in the LGN units innervated by the deviating and nondeviating eyes. However, for the majority of response measures, the units innervated by the deviating eyes showed notably larger deficits. 7. We conclude that the fidelity of signal transfer from the retina to the LGN is significantly reduced in cats reared with discordant binocular visual experience. Thus the adverse effects of early strabismus are not confined, at least in cats, to the visual cortex.

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13

Distler, C., and K. P. Hoffmann. "Retinal slip neurons in the nucleus of the optic tract and dorsal terminal nucleus in cats with congenital strabismus." Journal of Neurophysiology 75, no. 4 (April 1, 1996): 1483–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1996.75.4.1483.

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1. Visual response properties of neurons in the nucleus of the optic tract (NOT) and dorsal terminal nucleus of the accessory optic tract (DTN) were electrophysiologically investigated in five congenitally strabismic cats and compared with normal adult cats and 3- to 4-wk-old kittens. 2. As in normal cats, NOT-DTN cells of strabismic cats preferred horizontal ipsiversive stimulus movement. However, NOT-DTN neurons in strabismic cats altered their activity to a lesser amount per degree change of stimulus direction than do normal adult cats. In addition, NOT-DTN cells in strabismic cats exhibited a broader directional tuning, i.e., they increase their activity to a broader range of directions than control NOT-DTN cells. 3. Spontaneous activity and activity difference between preferred and nonpreferred direction were significantly lower in NOT-DTN neurons of strabismic cats than in normal adult cats and resembled that found in 3-wk-old kittens. Maximal stimulus-related activity was lower than in normal adult cats but higher than in kittens. 4. Visual latencies to onset of movement in the preferred direction were indistinguishable in strabismic and in normal adult cats. Visual latencies to onset of movement in the nonpreferred direction, however, were shorter in strabismic cats than in normal adult cats. 5. The average velocity tuning curve of NOT-DTN cells in strabismic cats was very flat without a well-defined optimal stimulus velocity. Thus it closely resembled data from 3-wk-old kittens. 6. Binocular convergence was significantly altered to a stronger dominance of the contralateral eye in NOT-DTN of strabismic cats. This reduction of binocular neurons was less pronounced than in cats with artificially induced strabismus or in 3-wk-old kittens. 7. In conclusion, the data presented here for retinal slip neurons in the NOT-DTN of strabismic cats closely resemble those from 3-wk-old kittens where no functional cortical input to the NOT-DTN is present. However, the elevated stimulus-driven activity and the still relatively high degree of binocularity give a clear indication of a functional, albeit weak and abnormal, cortical input to the NOT-DTN in these naturally strabismic cats.

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14

Jenzeri, S., S. Ben Yahia, R. Messaoud, F. Turki, S. Aouafi, A. Bettaieb, A. Ben Elabedi, and M. Khairallah. "374 Amétropies et strabismes convergents." Journal Français d'Ophtalmologie 28 (March 2005): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0181-5512(05)74771-9.

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15

Demer, Joseph L., and Robert A. Clark. "Functional anatomy of extraocular muscles during human vergence compensation of horizontal heterophoria." Journal of Neurophysiology 122, no. 1 (July 1, 2019): 105–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00152.2019.

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We employed magnetic resonance imaging to quantify human extraocular muscle (EOM) contractility during intermittent convergent and divergent strabismus with each eye viewing monocularly at 20 cm compared with centered target fusion. Contractility, indicated by posterior partial volume change, was analyzed in transverse rectus and in medial and lateral superior oblique (SO) muscle compartments. In five subjects with intermittent esotropia, abduction of the deviated eye to monocular target fixation was associated with significant whole lateral rectus (LR) contraction, but with medial rectus (MR) relaxation that was significantly greater in the superior than inferior compartment. Esotropic eye abduction to binocular fusion was associated with similar relaxation in the two MR compartments, but with greater contraction in the LR’s superior than inferior compartment. The whole diverging eye SO muscle relaxed. In three subjects with intermittent exotropia, converging eye fusional adduction was associated with significant whole LR relaxation and with MR contraction attributable to significantly greater contraction in the superior than inferior compartment. In adduction of the exotropic eye to monocular target fixation but not fusional adduction, the whole SO exhibited significant relaxation. Rectus pulley positions were not significantly altered by fusion of either form of intermittent strabismus. Globe rotational axis was eccentric in intermittent strabismus, rolling the eye so that rectus EOM lever arms facilitated vergence. These results confirm, and extend to fusion of intermittent horizontal strabismus, differential compartmental function in horizontal rectus EOMs and suggest a novel role for the SO in compensation of both intermittent esotropia and exotropia. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Disjunctive eye movements normally permit binocular fixation in near visual space but also compensate for mechanical imbalances in binocular alignment developing over the life span. Magnetic resonance imaging of the extraocular muscles demonstrates important differential function in muscle compartments during compensation of large-angle intermittent convergent and divergent strabismus in humans. Eye translation during rotation also enhances vergence compensation of intermittent strabismus.

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16

Joshi, Anand C., and Vallabh E. Das. "Muscimol inactivation of caudal fastigial nucleus and posterior interposed nucleus in monkeys with strabismus." Journal of Neurophysiology 110, no. 8 (October 15, 2013): 1882–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00233.2013.

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Previously, we showed that neurons in the supraoculomotor area (SOA), known to encode vergence angle in normal monkeys, encode the horizontal eye misalignment in strabismic monkeys. The SOA receives afferent projections from the caudal fastigial nucleus (cFN) and the posterior interposed nucleus (PIN) in the cerebellum. The objectives of the present study were to investigate the potential roles of the cFN and PIN in 1) conjugate eye movements and 2) binocular eye alignment in strabismic monkeys. We used unilateral injections of the GABAA agonist muscimol to reversibly inactivate the cFN (4 injections in exotropic monkey S1 with ∼4° of exotropia; 5 injections in esotropic monkey S2 with ∼34° of esotropia) and the PIN (3 injections in monkey S1). cFN inactivation induced horizontal saccade dysmetria in all experiments (mean 39% increase in ipsilesional saccade gain and 26% decrease in contralesional gain). Also, mean contralesional smooth-pursuit gain was decreased by 31%. cFN inactivation induced a divergent change in eye alignment in both monkeys, with exotropia increasing by an average of 9.8° in monkey S1 and esotropia decreasing by an average of 11.2° in monkey S2 ( P < 0.001). Unilateral PIN inactivation in monkey S1 resulted in a mean increase in the gain of upward saccades by 13% and also induced a convergent change in eye alignment, reducing exotropia by an average of 2.7° ( P < 0.001). We conclude that cFN/PIN influences on conjugate eye movements in strabismic monkeys are similar to those postulated in normal monkeys and cFN/PIN play important and complementary roles in maintaining the steady-state misalignment in strabismus.

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17

Zlatkute, Giedre, Vanessa Charlotte Sagnay de la Bastida, and Dhanraj Vishwanath. "Unimpaired perception of relative depth from perspective cues in strabismus." Royal Society Open Science 7, no. 12 (December 2020): 200955. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.200955.

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Strabismus is a relatively common ophthalmological condition where the coordination of eye muscles to binocularly fixate a single point in space is impaired. This leads to deficits in vision and particularly in three-dimensional (3D) space perception. The exact nature of the deficits in 3D perception is poorly understood as much of understanding has relied on anecdotal reports or conjecture. Here, we investigated, for the first time, the perception of relative depth comparing strabismic and typically developed binocular observers. Specifically, we assessed the susceptibility to the depth cue of perspective convergence as well as the capacity to use this cue to make accurate judgements of relative depth. Susceptibility was measured by examining a 3D bias in making two-dimensional (2D) interval equidistance judgements and accuracy was measured by examining 3D interval equidistance judgements. We tested both monocular and binocular viewing of images of perspective scenes under two different psychophysical methods: two-alternative forced-choice (2AFC) and the method of adjustment. The biasing effect of perspective information on the 2D judgements (3D cue susceptibility) was highly significant and comparable for both subject groups in both the psychophysical tasks (all p s < 0.001) with no statistically significant difference found between the two groups. Both groups showed an underestimation in the 3D task with no significant difference between the group's judgements in the 2AFC task, but a small statistically significant difference (ratio difference of approx. 10%, p = 0.016) in the method of adjustment task. A small but significant effect of viewing condition (monocular versus binocular) was revealed only in the non-strabismic group (ratio difference of approx. 6%, p = 0.002). Our results show that both the automatic susceptibility to, and accuracy in the use of, the perspective convergence cue in strabismus is largely comparable to that found in typically developed binocular vision, and have implications on the nature of the encoding of depth in the human visual system.

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18

Nielsen, Axel Astrup. "CONVERGENT STRABISMUS DUE TO MYOPIA." Acta Ophthalmologica 15, no. 4 (May 27, 2009): 476–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-3768.1937.tb07361.x.

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19

Mahajan, Sachit, and Satish kumar Gupta. "Clinical Study of Concomitant Strabismus." PERSPECTIVES IN MEDICAL RESEARCH 8, no. 3 (April 6, 2021): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.47799/pimr.0803.10.

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Background and Objectives: Strabismus is a condition in which there is misalignment of visual axes of two eyes. Concomitant strabismus is a condition in which the angle of deviation is constant in all the directions of gaze. Concomitant strabismus is further classified as convergent, divergent, hyperdeviation and hypodeviation. Major presenting complaints include cosmetic blemish, diminution of vision, asthenopic symptoms like headache, eye strain and diplopia. This study was conceptualized to study the clinical and ophthalmological profile of patients with concomitant strabismus, in order to generate evidence to manage this condition more effectively. Material and Methods : This cross-sectional, observational study was conducted over a period of two years in 120 patients with concomitant strabismus. Ocular history and visual acuity were recorded. Cover, cover-uncover, alternate cover test, Hirschberg test, Krimsky test and examination by synaptophore were done. Refraction and fundus examination was also done. Result: Majority of the patients were under 5 years of age (46.6%) with male to female ratio of 2:3. Convergent squint was more common (71.6%) with majority of patients having moderate degree of deviation (58.8%). Hypermteropia was more commonly associated with squint (65%) more so with convergent squint. Eccentric fixation was present in only 10% of the cases. Conclusion: Convergent concomitant squint is more common type with majority of patients having moderate degree of deviation. Hypermetropia is more commonly associated with concomitant squint. Appropriate refraction and timely intervention can help in preventing amblyopia in young children

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20

GRANSTRÖM, K. O. "VII: CONVERGENT STRABISMUS IN MONOZYGOTIC TWINS." Acta Ophthalmologica 14, no. 1-2 (May 27, 2009): 72–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-3768.1936.tb07308.x.

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21

Mendonca, Teena M., Shailja Tiberwala, Virender Sachdeva, and Ramesh Kekunnaya. "Convergent strabismus fixus without high myopia." Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus 20, no. 1 (February 2016): 83–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaapos.2015.10.015.

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22

Zhukova, O. V., N. V. Yamschikov, and V. K. Stepanov. "Substantiation of the tactics of recurrent surgical interventions in the surgical treatment of concomitant strabismus." Kazan medical journal 93, no. 1 (February 15, 2012): 79–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kmj2151.

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Aim. To substantiate the recommendations on the tactics of recurrent operations for strabismus in children on the basis of histological investigation of the fragments of «weakened» muscles. Methods. Conducted was a retrospective analysis of recurrent surgical treatment of 2 patients with concomitant convergent strabismus. In order to determine the cause of dysfunction of the muscles conducted was a histological study of 80 fragments of the lateral rectus muscles, which were excised during surgical treatment of convergent strabismus. Results. Muscle fibers were found only in the distal sections during the resection of the lateral rectus muscles at a distance of 8.5-9 mm. Taking into consideration the fact that at point were the muscle transitions into the tendon located are the palisade nerve endings, which may play the major role in the contraction process, the exceedence of the above mentioned amount of muscle resection during strabismus surgery is dangerous, since it can lead to the disruption of the eye mobility. Conclusion. During recurrent operations for strabismus correction it is recommended to use major recessions of the «strong» muscles, and for ease of muscle fixation at a great distance from the attachment point - the technique of the «sliding noose».

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23

Mohan, Kanwar, Ashok Sharma, Rajeev Gupta, and Amod Gupta. "Treatment of Strabismus Fixus Convergens." Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus 36, no. 3 (March 1999): 94–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/0191-3913-19990301-11.

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24

Leite, Lídia. "Tuberculous Meningitis - An Entity Not to Forget." Neonatology and Clinical Pediatrics 8, no. 1 (April 19, 2021): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.24966/ncp-878x/100065.

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25

BERNAYS, ME, and RIE SMITH. "Convergent strabismus in a white Bengal tiger." Australian Veterinary Journal 77, no. 3 (March 1999): 152–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-0813.1999.tb11220.x.

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26

Bagolini, B., C. Tamburrelli, A. Dickmann, and C. Colosimo. "Convergent strabismus fixus in high myopic patients." Documenta Ophthalmologica 74, no. 4 (1990): 309–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00145815.

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27

Vollrath-Junger, Ch, and J. Lang. "Akuter Strabismus convergens bei erhöhtem Hirndruck." Klinische Monatsblätter für Augenheilkunde 190, no. 04 (April 1987): 359–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1050409.

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Mansour, Ahmad M., Frederick Wang, Fadi El-Baba, and Paul Henkind. "Ocular Complications in Strabismus fîxus convergens." Ophthalmologica 195, no. 3 (1987): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000309806.

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Sharma, Pradeep, N. K. Gupta, Roopa Arora, and Prem Prakash. "Strabismus Fixus Convergens Secondary to Amyloidosis." Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus 28, no. 4 (July 1991): 236–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/0191-3913-19910701-11.

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30

Laguna, Pawel, Krystyna Szymanska, Kamila Milewska, Iwona Sawionek, Katarzyna Pawelec, and Michal Matysiak. "Convergent Squint- a Symptom Of Thrombosis." Blood 122, no. 21 (November 15, 2013): 4818. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.4818.4818.

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Anticoagulative treatment of children has always presented problems due to a lack of generally approved clinical standards. We present the case of a 5 -year-old boy with bilateral convergent strabismus. It was preceded by otitis, which was treated with antibiotics for a few days before admission to hospital. In the last two days before admission his condition worsened, he complained of a headache and started vomiting. In neurological examination on the second day of his stay, the boy presented with decreased spontaneous activity and hypersomnia. This muscle tone, reflexes were decreased and he had, poor motor coordination. There were no abnormal reflexes and cerebellar testing showed no aberrations. There was 1 cm nuchal rigidity. Examination of cranial nerves showed sixth nerve palsy on both sides. Ophtalmological examination revealed bilateral papilledema. Neuroimaging showed thrombosis of the transverse and sigmoid sinus. A lumbar puncture was not performed because anticoagulative treatment, had been started. The final diagnosis was: bilateral sixth nerve palsy due to sinovenosous thrombosis as a complication of otitis in a patient with a genetic disorder The patient received anticoagulative, antiinflammatory, antibiotic and anti - edemal treatment. He responded to therapy, showing clinical improvement followed by normalisation in neuroimaging. On examination after 1.5 months his general condition was good. Motor coordination was poor and muscle tone was lowered as before. His comprehension was good. Speech was limited to the first syllables of words, as before. He had convergent strabismus in his left eye, without sixth nerve palsy symptoms. Movements of the right eye were normal. In thrombophilic investigation the presence of factor V Leiden mutation was found. The boy is now in outpatient care. He is undergoing vision therapy and speech therapy. Convergent squint can be a symptom of thrombosis in children. Neuroimaging is essential in diagnosis. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Paduca, Ala. "Consecutive Exotropia after Convergent Strabismus Surgery—Surgical Treatment." Open Journal of Ophthalmology 06, no. 02 (2016): 103–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojoph.2016.62014.

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32

H R, Padmini, and Anyatama Chakravarty. "A RARE CASE REPORT OF CONVERGENT STRABISMUS FIXUS." Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 3, no. 33 (August 7, 2014): 8949–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2014/3150.

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33

Darko-Takyi, C., A. Owusu-Ansah, C. Appiah-Eduenu, E. K. Abu, S. B. Boadi-Kusi, and Y. Osei-Akoto. "Refractive and binocular vision status of optometry students, Ghana." Journal of Medical and Biomedical Sciences 5, no. 2 (October 20, 2016): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jmbs.v5i2.4.

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To investigate the refractive and non-strabismic binocular vision status of Optometry students in University of Cape Coast, Ghana and to establish any associations between these conditions. A cross sectional study of 105 Optometry students were taken through a comprehensive optometric examination to investigate the refractive and non-strabismic binocular vision status. Fisher’s exact test (IBM SPSS version 21) was used to assess association between these conditions. Prevalence of refractive error and non-strabismic binocular vision dysfunctions were 59.0% and 34.3% respectively. Prevalence of specific refractive errors were 17.1% myopia, 19.0% hyperopia and 22.9% astigmatism. Non-strabismic accommodative and vergence dysfunctions were found to be 21.9% and 12.4% respectively. Specific types of accommodative and vergence disorders were as follows: accommodative fatigue (8.6%), accommodative infacility (6.7%), accommodative insufficiency (4.7%) and accommodative excess (1.9%), convergence insufficiency (1.9%), convergence excess (1.0%), divergence insufficiency (2.9%), basic exophoria (1.9%), and basic esophoria (4.7%). There was a significant association between refractive errors in general and accommodative fatigue (p = 0.030) and between myopia and accommodative excess (p= 0.028). It is critical that potential primary eye care practitioners become aware of their refractive and non-strabismic binocular vision status.Journal of Medical and Biomedical Sciences (2016) 5(2), 24-29

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34

Mazurina, О. V., and О. I. Kashura. "New opportunities for surgical treatment of paralytic strabismus in children." Modern technologies in ophtalmology, no. 1 (May 29, 2021): 145–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.25276/2312-4911-2021-1-145-147.

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Purpose. To assess the clinical effectiveness of the developed surgical method for treating paralytic strabismus. Material and methods. The operation was performed on 32 patients with paralytic strabismus (32 eyes) aged 3 to 12 years. All patients had diplopia in the primary gaze position or in a small abduction. Convergent strabismus was diagnosed in 26 children (81%), divergent strabismus – in 6 patients (19%), in 34% of cases (11 people) strabismus was with a vertical component. Strabismus angle according to Hirshberg before surgery: horizontal deviation from 10 to 30°, vertical – from 5 to 15°. Results. On the 7–10th day after the operation, orthotropy and the appearance of mobility of the eyeball towards the affected muscle were achieved in all operated patients. In the long term (6–12 months) after surgery, 23 children (72%) fully recovered the mobility of the eyeball in 8 directions and formed stable binocular vision, and orthotropy remained. In 9 patients (28%), there was a limitation of the mobility of the eyeball to 5–7°. Conclusion. The proposed method for the surgical treatment of paralytic strabismus makes it possible to achieve in one stage the correction of the deviation angle and the improvement of mobility with the elimination of diplopia, avoids the appearance of postoperative vertical deviation and eliminates large deviation angles. Using the proposed method, it is possible to simultaneously correct both horizontal and vertical deviations. Key words: paralytic strabismus, deviation angle, horizontal deviation, vertical deviation.

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35

Rosello Quesada, N. M., D. V. Migel, I. A. Ostanina, V. S. Cha, E. I. Sidorenko, and E. E. Sidorenko. "The effectiveness of concomitant strabismus treatment in children with hyperopia by botulinum toxin type A chemodenervation." Russian ophthalmology of children, no. 1 (April 2, 2021): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.25276/2307-6658-2021-1-17-22.

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Purpose. Evaluation of the effectiveness of concomitant strabismus treatment in children with hyperopia by botulinum toxin type A chemodenervation. Materials and methods. The effectiveness of using botulinum toxin type A chemodenervation was studied in 115 children (230 eyes) from 8 months to 15 years old with concomitant convergent strabismus and hyperopic refraction. All patients were divided into 3 groups: group 1–17 patients with strabismus angle up to 15° according to Hirshberg, group 2–34 patients with strabismus angle from 15 to 25° according to Hirshberg, group 3–64 patients with strabismus angle more than 25° according to Hirshberg. All children received an injection of botulinum toxin type A into the horizontal oculomotor muscles at an average dosage of 3.4. Results. In most cases (68.70%), a positive effect was achieved after one injection. Two injections were given to 30 patients (26.09%), 6 patients were given 3 injections (5.22%). Repeated injections, most often (19.13%), were required in patients with a strabismus angle of more than 25 degrees. The effectiveness of strabismus treatment depends on the initial value of the angle and the adequately selected dose. Most often, a positive result of treatment was observed after one injection of botulinum toxin type A with a volume of 2 to 4. We did not find any complications when using the denervation method. Conclusion. The method of botulinum toxin type A chemodenervation is effective in the treatment of concomitant strabismus in children with hyperopia. Key words: botulinum toxin type A, concomitant strabismus, chemodenervation, children, hyperopia.

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Maagaard, Marianne Ledet. "Independent development of refraction, accommodation and convergence over two years in primary school children." Scandinavian Journal of Optometry and Visual Science 8, no. 1 (July 31, 2015): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.5384/sjovs.vol8i1p1-4.

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Abstract Purpose: To examine whether age-related changes in refraction covary with changes in parameters describing accommodation and convergence over time in a group of Danish school children. Methods: Two-hundred and seventy-eight unselected Danish school children (7.1-13.9 years) without manifest strabismus were studied at baseline and after two years. Each examination included measurement of distance visual acuity, unilateral cover test, non-cycloplegic autorefraction, monocular amplitude of accommodation, monocular accommodation facility, near phoria, near point of convergence, and positive and negative fusional vergence. The changes in the measured parameters were studied over time, followed by the testing for dependencies in the development of these parameters. Results: After two years there was a significant increase in distance visual acuity (p=0.04), monocular accommodation facility (p<0.001), near point exophoria (p=0.04), near point of convergence (p=0.01), and fusional range (p<0.001), a significant reduction in hyperopia (p=0.01) and monocular amplitude of accommodation (p<0.001), while the midpoint of the fusional range changed significantly towards convergence (p<0.001). The increase in near point of convergence correlated significantly with the decrease in monocular amplitude of accommodation (p<0.001) and the convergent shift in the midpoint of the fusional range was significantly correlated with a larger fusional range (p<0.001). The changes in all other parameters were independent. Conclusions: The development of refraction, accommodation, and convergence parameters in school children over two years are independent. This may be due to separate processes regulating development, and suggests that therapeutic intervention may be performed on each of the parameters individually without a derived effect on the other parameters.

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Koskinen, Kaarina. "EXPERIMENTS WITH THE USE OF MIOTICS IN CONVERGENT STRABISMUS." Acta Ophthalmologica 35, no. 5 (May 27, 2009): 521–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-3768.1957.tb02244.x.

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KİBAR, Murat, and Özgür İLHAN. "Convergent Strabismus in a Cat and It’s Surgical Treatment." İstanbul Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 43, no. 23931 (November 9, 2016): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.16988/iuvfd.264940.

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Abrahamsson, M., G. Fabian, and J. Sjostrand. "Refraction changes in children developing convergent or divergent strabismus." British Journal of Ophthalmology 76, no. 12 (December 1, 1992): 723–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjo.76.12.723.

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Odenrick, Per, Per Sandstedt, and Gunnar Lennerstrand. "POSTURAL SWAY AND GAIT OF CHILDREN WITH CONVERGENT STRABISMUS." Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology 26, no. 4 (November 12, 2008): 495–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8749.1984.tb04477.x.

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Tychsen, Lawrence. "Postural sway and gait of children with convergent strabismus." Survey of Ophthalmology 29, no. 6 (May 1985): 461. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0039-6257(85)90223-1.

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Lee, S. C., and U. Kim. "Accessory medial rectus muscle in strabismus fixus convergens." Eye 23, no. 11 (January 16, 2009): 2119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/eye.2008.406.

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Pongratz, E., Chr Fellinger, and W. Hesse. "Ein Fall von Strabismus concomitans convergens alternans acutus." Klinische Monatsblätter für Augenheilkunde 191, no. 11 (November 1987): 415–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1050545.

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Bagolini, B., M. R. Zanasi, and R. Bolzani. "Surgical correction of convergent strabismus: its relationship to prism compensation." Documenta Ophthalmologica 62, no. 4 (May 1986): 309–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00168263.

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ALVES, LARYSSA PEREIRA, LETÍCIA TAVARES SELEGATTO, CAROLINA PERES BATALHA, GUSTAVO BUENO DE CAMARGO, and MARCELO VICENTE DE ANDRADE SOBRINHO. "BILATERAL ABDUCENS NERVE PALSY SECUNDARY TO INTRACRANIAL SINUSES THROMBOSIS IN A CHILD WITH NEPHROTIC SYNDROM – CASE REPORT." Vision Pan-America, The Pan-American Journal of Ophthalmology 17, no. 4 (December 31, 2018): 113–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15234/vpa.v17i4.507.

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We report a case of a child with nephrotic syndrome (NS), who presented an acute convergent strabismus, double vision and papilledema one week after a history of badly treated sinusitis. The image study revealed an extensive thrombosis of the intracranial sinuses that was treated with intravenous heparin and oral corticosteroids. Four months later, the case evolved with spontaneous resolution of the ocular deviation and no diplopia.

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Schiavi, Costantino, Valentina Di Croce, Laura Primavera, and Filippo Tassi. "Convergence, Accommodation, Fusion, and Stereopsis: What Keeps the Eyes Aligned in Intermittent Exotropia?" Scientifica 2018 (July 26, 2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9546979.

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Purpose. To investigate the relationships between angle of deviation, fusional convergence and divergence amplitude, AC/A ratio, near point of convergence (NPC), and myopia-phoria in intermittent exotropia (IXT). Methods. 93 patients with IXT, divided into two groups, were recruited in the study. In Group A (73 patients), fusional convergence and divergence amplitudes, NPC, and AC/A ratio were studied and compared with a control group. In Group B (in 20 patients), myopia-phoria while switching from monocular to binocular view was studied with an infrared video retinoscopy and compared with a control group. Results. In Group A, positive fusional amplitudes, NPC, and AC/A ratio of IXT patients did not differ from those of normals. Negative fusional amplitudes were significantly higher in the patient group than in the control group. In Group B, myopic shift was statistically significantly higher in the patient group and there was a statistically significant positive correlation between myopic shift and angle of strabismus. Conclusions. Apart from the role of fusional convergence which accounts for myopia-phoria, that of the other binocular functions in the control at near of IXT and conversely their specific role in the pathogenesis of IXT remain unclear and the cause of divergent infantile strabismus is still unknown.

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Schiavi, Costantino. "Extraocular Muscles Tension, Tonus, and Proprioception in Infantile Strabismus: Role of the Oculomotor System in the Pathogenesis of Infantile Strabismus—Review of the Literature." Scientifica 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5790981.

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The role played by the extraocular muscles (EOMs) in the etiology of concomitant infantile strabismus is still debated and it has not yet definitively established if the sensory anomalies in concomitant strabismus are a consequence or a primary cause of the deviation. The commonest theory supposes that most strabismus results from abnormal innervation of the EOMs, but the cause of this dysfunction and its origin, whether central or peripheral, are still unknown. The interaction between sensory factors and innervational factors, that is, esotonus, accommodation, convergence, divergence, and vestibular reflexes in visually immature infants with family predisposition, is suspected to create conditions that prevent binocular alignment from stabilizing and strengthening. Some role in the onset of fixation instability and infantile strabismus could be played by the feedback control of eye movements and by dysfunction of eye muscle proprioception during the critical period of development of the visual sensory system. A possible role in the onset, maintenance, or worsening of the deviation of abnormalities of muscle force which have their clinical equivalent in eye muscle overaction and underaction has been investigated under either isometric or isotonic conditions, and in essence no significant anomalies of muscle force have been found in concomitant strabismus.

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Yamada, Masakazu, Sayuri Taniguchi, Tomomi Muroi, Shingo Satofuka, and Sachiko Nishina. "Rectus eye muscle paths after surgical correction of convergent strabismus fixus." American Journal of Ophthalmology 134, no. 4 (October 2002): 630–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9394(02)01587-8.

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Darken, R. S. "The planar polarity gene strabismus regulates convergent extension movements in Xenopus." EMBO Journal 21, no. 5 (March 1, 2002): 976–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/emboj/21.5.976.

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Oku, Hidehiro, Yuko Nishikawa, Teruyo Kida, Masahiro Tonari, Jun Sugasawa, and Tsunehiko Ikeda. "Convergent strabismus fixus after bilateral abducens nerve palsies due to aneurysms." Medicine 97, no. 51 (December 2018): e13766. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000013766.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Strabisme convergent'

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