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Journal articles on the topic 'Straight and curved line'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Nunobiki, Masayuki, Koichi Okuda, Kousuke Hourai, and Hiroo Shizuka. "Bending of Pure Titanium Sheet to Curved Surface Shape by Laser Forming Technique." Advanced Materials Research 126-128 (August 2010): 388–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.126-128.388.

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This paper deals with laser forming procedure to bend pure titanium sheets along arbitrary curved shape. In preliminary experiments, single straight-line bending was carried out and the relationship between bending angle and laser irradiation conditions was investigated. It was clarified that the bending angle was able to control with scanning velocity and the number of scanning passes. With use of obtained experimental formula for the bending angle, we tried to bend the Ti sheet along given parabola shape with a multi straight-line bending. The experimental result was corresponding to the tar

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2

Ben-Izhack, Gil, Ophir Rosner, Eran Zenziper, et al. "Comparison between Conventional and Digital Impressions for Determining Axes and Distances of Three Implants in Straight and Curved Lines: An In Vitro Study." Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 8 (2024): 2352. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm13082352.

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Background: In this study, we aimed to compare the effects of conventional and digital impressions on several parameters (inter-implant distance, intra-implant distance, inter-implant axis, and intra-implant axis) of three implants in curved lines and straight lines by using a laboratory scanner (LBS) versus an intra-oral scanner (IOS). Methods: Two 3D models were fabricated using a printer, each model with three internal hex implants analogues at the positions of 15#,16#,17# (straight line) and 12#,13#,14# (curved line). Standard intra-oral scan bodies (ISBs) were used, and the two models wer

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Kagami, Yoshiyuki, Takashi Emura, and Masayuki Hiyama. "Vision-based playback method of wheeled mobile robots." Robotica 18, no. 3 (2000): 281–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026357479900257x.

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This paper describes a new vision-based playback method of a wheeled mobile robot. The path of the robot is divided into straight line parts and curved line parts. The curved line parts were approximated by a Bézier curve to decrease the volume of data. In order to track the curved line parts with good accuracy, tracking errors were detected by referring to two pre-recorded images on one part of the curve. Then, the errors were corrected by adjusting the control points of the Bézier curve. Outdoor experiments demonstrated good repeatability by using the proposed method.

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Hwang, Jaejin, Gregory G. Knapik, Jonathan S. Dufour, and William S. Marras. "A Comparison of Performance Between Straight-Line Muscle and Curved Muscle Models." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 61, no. 1 (2017): 1339–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601817.

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The straight-line muscle biomechanical models of the lumbar spine have been utilized to predict spinal loads to assess the potential risk of work-related injuries. The curved muscle paths have been suggested to realistically simulate muscles’ behavior in complex lumbar motions. However, the effect of curved muscle paths on the modeling performances and spinal loads in the lumbar spine model during complex lifting exertions has not been fully investigated. The objective of this study was to characterize the differences in modeling performances and spinal loads between the conventional straight-

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Wu, Long-Iong, and Kuan-Lwun Shu. "Design of backlash-free straight-curved guide devices." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 228, no. 15 (2014): 2833–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406214522453.

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This article presents a method for designing a planar guide device that can guide sliders to move along a straight-curved rail and can eliminate the backlash between the slider and the rail throughout the whole range of the slider travel. The guide device has many sliders and each slider has three rollers that can separately roll on both sides of the rail. The straight-curved rail is composed of straight sections, connection sections, and circular-arc sections. For each slider, the three normal lines through the contact points between the rollers and the rail must always intersect at a common

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Yang, Fan, Gang Zhou, Fei Su, et al. "Automatic Indoor Reconstruction from Point Clouds in Multi-room Environments with Curved Walls." Sensors 19, no. 17 (2019): 3798. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19173798.

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Recent developments in laser scanning systems have inspired substantial interest in indoor modeling. Semantically rich indoor models are required in many fields. Despite the rapid development of 3D indoor reconstruction methods for building interiors from point clouds, the indoor reconstruction of multi-room environments with curved walls is still not resolved. This study proposed a novel straight and curved line tracking method followed by a straight line test. Robust parameters are used, and a novel straight line regularization method is achieved using constrained least squares. The method c

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Wang, Yajun, Kezheng Sun, Wei Zhang, and Xiaojun Jin. "A Velocity-Adaptive MPC-Based Path Tracking Method for Heavy-Duty Forklift AGVs." Machines 12, no. 8 (2024): 558. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines12080558.

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In warehouses with vast quantities of heavy goods, heavy-duty forklift Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs) play a key role in facilitating efficient warehouse automation. Due to their large load capacity and high inertia, heavy-duty forklift AGVs struggle to automatically navigate optimized routes. Additionally, rapid acceleration and deceleration can pose safety hazards. This paper proposes a velocity-adaptive model predictive control (MPC)-based path tracking method for heavy-duty forklift AGVs. The movement of heavy-duty forklift-type AGVs is categorized into straight-line and curve-turning mo

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Trabzon, Levent, Huseyin Kizil, Levent Yobas, et al. "The Effect of Asymmetry on Particle Focusing in Microchannels." Advanced Materials Research 403-408 (November 2011): 482–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.403-408.482.

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We studied the effect of geometry on single focusing of particles in the passive microfluidic channels. There is a quantitative analysis of focusing on non-axisymmetric straight channels with two different unique designs as well as curved channels having symmetrical and asymmetrical radius of curvatures in one turn. We found that there is a clear relationship in existence of single line focusing with the degree of non-symmetry in microchannels. One-degree of asymmetry in straight channels does not induce any formation of single focusing, but single line focusing is pronounced by two-degree of

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9

Dong, Weihua, Shengkai Wang, Yizhou Chen, and Liqiu Meng. "Using Eye Tracking to Evaluate the Usability of Flow Maps." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 7, no. 7 (2018): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi7070281.

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Flow maps allow users to perceive not only the location where interactions take place, but also the direction and volume of events. Previous studies have proposed numerous methods to produce flow maps. However, how to evaluate the usability of flow maps has not been well documented. In this study, we combined eye-tracking and questionnaire methods to evaluate the usability of flow maps through comparisons between (a) straight lines and curves and (b) line thicknesses and color gradients. The results show that curved flows are more effective than straight flows. Maps with curved flows have more

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Stephen, N. G. "How long is a curved beam?" Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design 40, no. 3 (2005): 295–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/030932405x7719.

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For a straight or thin curved beam, the expression for strain energy due to bending is U = M2 L/(2EI); for this to be applicable to a thick curved beam, the requisite length is slightly greater than the centre-line length.

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11

Fery, R. L., P. D. Dukes, and W. L. Ogle. "‘Carolina Cayenne’ Pepper." HortScience 23, no. 6 (1988): 958. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.23.6.958b.

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Abstract In the article “‘Carolina Cayenne’ Pepper”, by R.L. Fery, P.D. Dukes, and W.L. Ogle [HortScience 21(2):330, April 1986], the authors wish to note the following: The 13th line under Description should be changed from “…are straight to slightly curved, 0.64 cm in…” to “…are straight to slightly curved, 1.63 cm in…”.

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Lee, Ting-Uei, and Yi Min Xie. "From Ruled Surfaces to Elastica-ruled Surfaces: New Possibilities for Creating Architectural Forms." Journal of the International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures 62, no. 4 (2021): 271–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.20898/j.iass.2021.014_2.

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Ruled surfaces are widely used for architectural forms, as diverse 3D shapes can be conveniently generated by the movement of a straight ruling. There is vast potential to create a rich variety of new architectural forms by introducing curved rulings into ruled surfaces. This paper presents a new method to generate ruled surface variants by making a fundamental change to existing ruled surfaces through parametric reformulation and the use of curved rulings. A new type of ruled surface composed of curved rulings, the elastica-ruled surface, is proposed. An analytical geometric modelling method

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Kovacic, Ivana, and Richard Rand. "Straight-line backbone curve." Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation 18, no. 9 (2013): 2281–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cnsns.2012.11.031.

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Жихарев, Л., and L. Zhikharev. "Reflection from Curved Mirrors in a Plane." Geometry & Graphics 7, no. 1 (2019): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5c9203adb22641.01479568.

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Reflection from a certain mirror is one of the main types of transformations in geometry. On a plane a mirror represents a straight line. When reflecting, we obtain an object, each point of which is symmetric with respect to this straight line. In this paper have been considered examples of reflection from a circle – a general case of a straight line, if the latter is defined through a circle of infinite radius. While analyzing a simple reflection and generalization of this process to the cases of such curvature of the mirror, an interesting phenomenon was found – an increase in the reflection

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Artykbaev, A., and M. M. Toshmatova. "Geometric approach to define a railway plan model." BULLETIN OF THE KARAGANDA UNIVERSITY-MATHEMATICS 115, no. 3 (2024): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2024m3/26-33.

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The construction of new railway lines is based on the railway plan. There are various ways to draw up a railway plan. The basis of all railway plans is a scheme of geometric point locations, the projection of the center of gravity of the carriage is on a horizontal plane and consists of a single flat line. The railway plan consists of linear and curved parts connecting straight sections. However, the curves determining the position of the rails of the railway track in the curved part will be spatial. To extinguish the centrifugal forcearising in the curved part of the road, an external rail ri

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Flanagan, J. R., and A. K. Rao. "Trajectory adaptation to a nonlinear visuomotor transformation: evidence of motion planning in visually perceived space." Journal of Neurophysiology 74, no. 5 (1995): 2174–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1995.74.5.2174.

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1. Although reaching movements are characterized by hand paths that tend to follow roughly straight lines in Cartesian space, a fundamental issue is whether this reflects constraints associated with perception or movement production. 2. To address this issue, we examined two-joint planar reaching movements in which we manipulated the mapping between actual and visually perceived motion. In particular, we used a nonlinear transformation such that straight line hand paths in Cartesian space would result in curved paths in perceived space and vice versa. 3. Under these conditions, subjects learne

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Karimpour, Mohammadkarim, Evert Slob, and Laura Valentina Socco. "Comparison of straight-ray and curved-ray surface wave tomography approaches in near-surface studies." Solid Earth 13, no. 10 (2022): 1569–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1569-2022.

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Abstract. Surface waves are widely used to model shear-wave velocity of the subsurface. Surface wave tomography (SWT) has recently gained popularity for near-surface studies. Some researchers have used straight-ray SWT in which it is assumed that surface waves propagate along the straight line between receiver pairs. Alternatively, curved-ray SWT can be employed by computing the paths between the receiver pairs using a ray-tracing algorithm. The SWT is a well-established method in seismology and has been employed in numerous seismological studies. However, it is important to make a comparison

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Oliveras, Imma, Josep Piñol, and Domingos X. Viegas. "Generalization of the fire line rotation model to curved fire lines." International Journal of Wildland Fire 15, no. 4 (2006): 447. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf05046.

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The concept of fire line rotation was applied to curved fire line elements like those of a point ignition fire in a slope or in a wind field. Convective effects induced by the fire modify the shape of the flame around its perimeter and affect the propagation of the fire front. From the analysis of laboratory experiments under wind or slope conditions, the existence of a rotation movement of the fire line elements is demonstrated. It is also shown that the semi-empirical law developed for straight lines is applicable with some adjustments to curved fire lines.

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Stogiannopoulos, Thomas, and Ilias Theodorakopoulos. "Curved Text Line Rectification via Bresenham’s Algorithm and Generalized Additive Models." Signals 5, no. 4 (2024): 705–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/signals5040039.

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This paper presents a methodology for rectifying curved text lines, a crucial process in optical character recognition (OCR) and computer vision. Utilizing generalized additive models (GAMs), the proposed method accurately estimates text curvature and rectifies it into a straight format for improved text recognition. The process includes image binarization techniques like Otsu’s thresholding, morphological operations, curve estimation, and the Bresenham line drawing algorithm. The results show significant improvements in OCR accuracy among different challenging distortion scenarios. The implem

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Redekop, D. "NATURAL FREQUENCIES OF A SHORT CURVED PIPE." Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering 18, no. 1 (1994): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/tcsme-1994-0003.

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The natural frequencies are determine for a short curved pipe. A shell theory is developed in toroidal coordinates, based on the Mushtari-Vlasov-Donnell assumptions. The theory is specialized for the case of moderate curvature of the torus centre-line. To demonstrate the accuracy of the theory the end. exponential decay coefficients are calculated. These are compared with the corresponding coefficients for a straight pipe, and with values given previously for a curved pipe. The theory for the determination of the natural frequencies of vibration in symmetric and anti-symmetric modes is present

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Nunobiki, Masayuki, Koichi Okuda, and Shogo Morino. "Thermal Deformation of Base Sheet and Local Deformation Around Laser Cutting Edge." Key Engineering Materials 389-390 (September 2008): 404–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.389-390.404.

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When many products were cut out from a wide base sheet by laser cutting in some conditions, an error occurred in a height regulator by the sheet's greatly bending. It is necessary to avoid occurring the error at unmanned processing. We paper investigated local deformation around cutting edge. The cutting path consists of piercing point, terminal point, straight lines, cranks and curves. We measured local deformation around terminal point, crank and straight line. It was clarified that base sheet bent greatly around terminal points and crank and the sheet curved gradually along the straight lin

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22

Ma, Hong-Cai, and Sen Yue Lou. "Solutions Generated from the Symmetry Group of the (2 + 1)-Dimensional Sine-Gordon System." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 60, no. 4 (2005): 229–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-2005-0403.

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23

Yamagishi, Takatoshi, and Takehiko Tomikawa. "A Study of Line-Fitting Method by Using Genetic Algorithm." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 7, no. 1 (1995): 86–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.1995.p0086.

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A straight line approximation method of either closed curve or open-ended curve is proposed. In this system, Genetic Algorithm is considered to meet robustness requirements in a multi-point searching procedure, since conventional line fitting methods have a tendency to take troublesome parameters while having less flexibility in system configurations. Whether or not the entire divided point, which is initially allocated at regular intervals along the curved line, is adequate for approximation according to the objective function. This function: (the total length of approximate lines) - ( the va

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Linus, Kiptanui, C. J. Prabhakar, and S. R. Shrinivasa. "Rectification of Curved Scene Text Based on B-Spline Curve Fitting." Indian Journal Of Science And Technology 17, no. 32 (2024): 3305–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17485/ijst/v17i32.2402.

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Objectives: In this study, we proposed suitable technique for rectification of curved scene text which is followed by recognition of rectified text in order to improve the accuracy of the existing techniques. Methods: In order to rectify curved text, initially, we perform curved text detection using Look More Than Twice (LOMT) model which detects and locates curved text. The detected text area is binarized through adaptive binarizaton technique. Then, we rectify the detected curved text through B-spline based curve fitting which align the curved text into straight line. The rectified text is f

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Fenton, R. G., Y. Zhang, and J. Xu. "Development of a New Geneva Mechanism With Improved Kinematic Characteristics." Journal of Mechanical Design 113, no. 1 (1991): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2912749.

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A Geneva wheel with curved slots is proposed as an intermittent rotary motion generating mechanism. The proposed mechanism has vastly improved kinematic characteristics. Changing the slot shape from a straight radial line to a curved line results in the elimination of shock loading at the beginning and end of the motion cycles and reduces the wheel peak velocity and peak acceleration values, making this new mechanism well suited for high speed applications. In addition, the designer can freely select the dwell to motion time ratio of the wheel. Furthermore, this paper presents a great improvem

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Hwang, Wonjeong, Bora Choi, and Sujin Hwang. "Walking behaviors for stroke survivors: comparison between straight line and curved path." Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science 8, no. 3 (2019): 141–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.14474/ptrs.2019.8.3.141.

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Veldhuis, Henri, and George Vosselman. "The 3D reconstruction of straight and curved pipes using digital line photogrammetry." ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 53, no. 1 (1998): 6–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-2716(97)00031-2.

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Tucker, V. A., A. E. Tucker, K. Akers, and J. H. Enderson. "Curved flight paths and sideways vision in peregrine falcons (Falco peregrinus)." Journal of Experimental Biology 203, no. 24 (2000): 3755–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.203.24.3755.

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When diving at prey straight ahead from great distances at high speeds, a peregrine has a conflict between vision and aerodynamics: it must turn its head approximately 40 degrees to one side to see the prey with maximum visual acuity at the deep fovea of one eye, but the head in this position increases aerodynamic drag and slows the falcon down. The falcon could resolve this conflict by holding its head straight and flying along a logarithmic spiral path that keeps the line of sight of the deep fovea pointed sideways at the prey. Wild peregrines, observed with binoculars, telescopes and a trac

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López, Rafael, Željka Milin Šipuš, Ljiljana Primorac Gajčić, and Ivana Protrka. "Involutes of Pseudo-Null Curves in Lorentz–Minkowski 3-Space." Mathematics 9, no. 11 (2021): 1256. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9111256.

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In this paper, we analyze involutes of pseudo-null curves in Lorentz–Minkowski 3-space. Pseudo-null curves are spacelike curves with null principal normals, and their involutes can be defined analogously as for the Euclidean curves, but they exhibit properties that cannot occur in Euclidean space. The first result of the paper is that the involutes of pseudo-null curves are null curves, more precisely, null straight lines. Furthermore, a method of reconstruction of a pseudo-null curve from a given null straight line as its involute is provided. Such a reconstruction process in Euclidean plane

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Dutta, Gaurab Sundar, Dieter Meiners, and Gerhard Ziegmann. "A Study of Deployable Structures Based on Nature Inspired Curved-Crease Folding." Polymers 16, no. 6 (2024): 766. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym16060766.

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Fascinating 3D shapes arise when a thin planar sheet is folded without stretching, tearing or cutting. The elegance amplifies when the fold/crease is changed from a straight line to a curve, due to the association of plastic deformation via folding and elastic deformation via bending. This results in the curved crease working as a hinge support providing deployability to the surface which is of significant interest in industrial engineering and architectural design. Consequently, finding a stable form of curved crease becomes pivotal in the development of deployable structures. This work propo

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Xiao, Li Ping, and Wen Jun Wei. "The Processing Method and Discuss of Curved Surface Based on Spatial Linkage Mechanism." Applied Mechanics and Materials 110-116 (October 2011): 899–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.110-116.899.

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Compared with the free surface, the ruled surface is a linear set of parameters, and is obtained by a straight line moving in space along the curve trajectory, and tts modern processing methods are all complex and high cost. Spatial linkage mechanism has many features such as simple structure, easily control, sports continuous and so on, and the initiative crank continuous rotating drives the mechanism, at the same time, the rod length, the motion pair length or the twist angle is changed, which the cutter with start position fixed on a point of the rod main moves along the given curve, and fe

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ROSENHOUSE, G., and N. PELED. "DYNAMIC SIMULATION OF SOUND FIELD CREATED BY A MOTION OF A MONOPOLE ALONG A CURVED PATH AND RELATED PHYSICAL PHENOMENA." Journal of Computational Acoustics 01, no. 02 (1993): 287–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218396x93000159.

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The paper deals with sound fields created by sources moving along a curved path in the open atmosphere. The theory presented here is used for computer simulation in time steps in order to discover some general acoustic phenomena which appear during the motion of the sound source. Specifically, the modified "Doppler effect" of such motions is investigated rather than the motion along a straight line (which is a specific case). This includes the influence of condensation and rarefication of the sound waves on the amplitudes in front and behind the source. Conclusively, it has been found that gen

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Wang, Z. L., Y. L. Xu, G. Q. Li, S. W. Chen, and X. L. Zhang. "Dynamic Analysis of a Coupled System of High-Speed Maglev Train and Curved Viaduct." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 18, no. 11 (2018): 1850143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455418501432.

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This study presents a framework for dynamic analysis of a coupled system of high-speed maglev train and curved viaduct. A series of trajectory coordinates are used to define the motion of maglev vehicles moving over a horizontally curved track, the stiffness and damping matrices of the equations can be thus reduced into those of the straight track. The curved viaduct system is modeled in the global coordinate system using the finite element method, in which the inner and outer rails in the different horizontal planes are duly included. The electromagnet force-air gap model is adopted for the m

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Santosa, Hendra, I. Made Rianta, and I. Ketut Sariada. "KONSEP RWA BHINEDHA DALAM TARI REJANG SAKRAL LANANG DI DESA MAYONG BULELENG BALI." Joged 17, no. 1 (2021): 01–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.24821/joged.v17i1.5596.

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ABSTRAKPola lantai Tari Rejang Sakral Lanang di Desa Mayong berkonsep rwa bhinedha yang terlihat dari garis lurus satu banjar lalu membentuk garis melengkung. Kedua garis tersebut merupakan simbol purusa dan pradana untuk mencapai suatu kehidupan atau keseimbangan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui konsep rwa bhinedha dalam pola lantai tarian tersebut. Teknik pengumpulan data penelitian ini adalah metode observasi tidak berstruktur, metode wawancara, studi dokumentasi, dan studi kepustakaan. Berdasarkan analisis data yang dilakukan, diperoleh hasil bahwa pola lantai Tari Rejang Sakral La

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Radchenko, N. A. "The study of the railway vehicles movement on curved track sections." Science and Transport Progress, no. 30 (December 25, 2009): 196–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.15802/stp2009/14629.

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The results of studies of motion of the rail transport facilities on circular and transition curves are prersented. In particular the questions of vibrations, stationary modes, stability and safety of coach, locomotive and transporter motion not only on straight-line but on curvilinear sections of the railway track are considered.

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Liew, K. M., and C. M. Wang. "Flexural Vibration of In-Plane Loaded Plates with Straight Line/Curved Internal Supports." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 115, no. 4 (1993): 441–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2930370.

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An investigation into the vibration analysis of a class of in-plane loaded rectangular plates with internal supports of arbitrary contour is conducted. Solutions to this vibration problem are obtained based on the pb-2 Rayleigh-Ritz method. The Ritz function for this method is defined as the product of (1) a two-dimensional polynomial function expanded in a new manner, (2) equations of the internal support and (3) equations of the boundary supports each raised to the power of either 0, 1, or 2 corresponding to a free, simply supported or clamped edge, respectively. A comparison study on the co

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Zacharia, P., I. G. Mariolis, N. Aspragathos, and E. S. Dermatas. "Robot-handling fabrics with curved edges based on visual servoing and polygonal approximation." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 222, no. 10 (2008): 1263–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544054jem999.

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The main scope of this work is the development of a robot controller for the manipulation of fabrics lying on a work table towards the sewing process. A fuzzy visual servoing manipulator controller is developed to guide the fabric along the sewing line. The paper focuses on handling fabrics with curved edges by locally approximating the curve section with straight-line segments. An innovative algorithm based on the dominant point detection method and the genetic-based method is incorporated in the robot visual servoing system to achieve sewing of the curved edges. Simulation and experimental t

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Gao, Huajian, and James R. Rice. "Shear Stress Intensity Factors for a Planar Crack With Slightly Curved Front." Journal of Applied Mechanics 53, no. 4 (1986): 774–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3171857.

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Recent work (Rice, 1985a) has presented the calculations of the first order variation in an elastic displacement field associated with arbitrary incremental planar advance of the location of the front of a half-plane crack in a loaded elastic full space. That work also indicated the relation of such calculations to a three-dimensional weight function theory for crack analysis and derived an expression for the distribution of the tensile mode stress intensity factor along a slightly curved crack front, to first order accuracy in the deviation of the crack front location from a reference straigh

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Kamel, Ayman, Abdelhalim Ebaid, Essam R. El-Zahar, Riadh Chteoui, and Laila F. Seddek. "Mathematical Physics of Time Dilation through Curved Trajectories with Applications." Mathematics 11, no. 10 (2023): 2402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math11102402.

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In special relativity, the time dilation formula has been obtained by particles propagation in a straight line trajectory relative to an observer in motion. Up to now, there are no available formulas for other possible trajectories of particles. However, this paper obtains formulas of time dilation for several trajectories of particle such as parabolic, elliptic, and circular and finds a relatively accurate trajectory. The obtained formulas are employed in order to analyze the time dilation of the muon particles decay. In this paper, it is found that the time dilation of the parabolic and the

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Xu, Tong, Siwei Chen, Dong Wang, and Weigong Zhang. "Bidirectional Sliding Window for Boundary Recognition of Pavement Construction Area Using GPS-RTK." Applied Sciences 10, no. 4 (2020): 1277. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10041277.

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Unmanned pavement construction is of great significance in China, and the primary issue to be solved is how to identify the boundaries of the Pavement Construction Area (PCA). In this paper, we present a simple yet effective method, named the Bidirectional Sliding Window (BSW) method, for PCA boundary recognition. We first collected the latitude and longitude coordinates of the four vertices of straight quadrilaterals using the Global Positioning System—Real Time Kinematic (GPS-RTK) measurement principle for precise single-point positioning, analyzed single-point positioning accuracy, and dete

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Khaldy, Lana, Orit Peleg, Claudia Tocco, L. Mahadevan, Marcus Byrne, and Marie Dacke. "The effect of step size on straight-line orientation." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 16, no. 157 (2019): 20190181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2019.0181.

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Moving along a straight path is a surprisingly difficult task. This is because, with each ensuing step, noise is generated in the motor and sensory systems, causing the animal to deviate from its intended route. When relying solely on internal sensory information to correct for this noise, the directional error generated with each stride accumulates, ultimately leading to a curved path. In contrast, external compass cues effectively allow the animal to correct for errors in its bearing. Here, we studied straight-line orientation in two different sized dung beetles. This allowed us to character

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Xie, Guoliang, Junjian Cui, Jie Jiang, Mingxiang Guo, Yanbin Song, and Yong Liu. "Mechanisms of Crack Evolution in Clay Materials Under Varying Boundary Conditions." Buildings 15, no. 13 (2025): 2340. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15132340.

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In recent years, droughts and extreme weather events have witnessed increasing frequency around the globe, leading to a growing number of issues related to soil cracking that severely impact the stability of engineering projects and ecological environments. This study mainly investigates the cracking of clay in arid areas of Xinjiang. An experiment is conducted in a climate simulation laboratory, in which we explored the evolution of soil drying cracks under different (straight/curved) boundary constraints. The crack development process is quantitatively described through the use of digital im

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Virgala, Ivan, Tomáš Lipták, and Ľubica Miková. "Snake Robot Locomotion Patterns for Straight and Curved Pipe." Strojnícky casopis – Journal of Mechanical Engineering 68, no. 2 (2018): 91–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/scjme-2018-0020.

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AbstractIn the paper the locomotion of snake robot is introduced considering locomotion in straight and curved pipe. For the straight pipe locomotion was designed traveling wave locomotion pattern with sine-like wave which expands from rear of the robot to its front. For the locomotion in curved pipe was designed approach which is based on inverse kinematic model including besides primary task also secondary tasks, namely kinematic singularities avoidance task, obstacle avoidance task and joint limit avoidance task. For final inverse kinematic model was used approach of weight matrices by whic

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Chen, Wei, Gongliu Yang, and Yongqiang Tu. "Estimation and Compensation of Heading Misalignment Angle for Train SINS/GNSS Integrated Navigation System Based on Observability Analysis." Applied Sciences 13, no. 21 (2023): 12085. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app132112085.

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The inertial Navigation Systems/global navigation satellite system (SINS/GNSS) has become a research hotspot in the field of train positioning. However, during a uniform straight-line motion period, the heading misalignment angle of the SINS/GNSS is unobservable, resulting in the divergence of the heading misalignment angle and ultimately causing a divergence in the train’s speed and position estimation. To address this issue, this paper proposes an estimation and compensation method for the heading misalignment angle for train SINS/GNSS integrated navigation system based on an observability a

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Zou, Xiong, Changshi Xiao, Wenqiang Zhan, Chunhui Zhou, Supu Xiu, and Haiwen Yuan. "A Novel Water-Shore-Line Detection Method for USV Autonomous Navigation." Sensors 20, no. 6 (2020): 1682. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20061682.

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For the navigation of an unmanned surface vehicle (USV), detection and recognition of the water-shore-line (WSL) is an important part of its intellectualization. Current research on this issue mainly focuses on the straight WSL obtained by straight line fitting. However, the WSL in the image acquired by boat-borne vision is not always in a straight line, especially in an inland river waterway. In this paper, a novel three-step approach for WSL detection is therefore proposed to solve this problem through the information of an image sequence. Firstly, the initial line segment pool is built by t

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Jiang, Lan Fang, Wei Ming Lin, Dong Hui Wen, Hong Liu, Cong Da Lu, and Yun Qing Gu. "A New Bionic Elastic Mandrel for Application in the Spatial Consecutive RDB with no Straight Line." Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering 25 (October 2015): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jbbbe.25.12.

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Thin-walled spatial bending tube can not only provide engineering design with higher flexibility and lighter structure, but also enhance the construction of space saving and aerodynamics improvement. Based on rotary draw bending technique, a new method for spatial consecutive bending with no straight line for thin-walled tube was put forward. Firstly, a new bionic elastic mandrel was developed by analyzing the structural characteristics of the squilla. It mainly consisted of bowl-shaped mandrel balls, an elastomer and a mandrel shank. The bowl-shaped mandrel balls, nested matching one another,

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Konopatskiy, E. V., and A. A. Bezditnyi. "CONJUGATION OF CURVED LINES IN THE POINT CALCULUS." Vestnik komp'iuternykh i informatsionnykh tekhnologii, no. 216 (June 2022): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/vkit.2022.06.pp.003-011.

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The paper implements a general approach to conjugate curves in the point calculus, which includes geometric algorithms for conjugating curves and their analytical description in the form of point equations. This is the mathematical basis for building high-performance computer-aided design systems and providing them with the necessary geometric modeling tools. Geometric algorithms for conjugating planar and spatial curves in general form involving, respectively, two or three free functions continuous and deferential within the parameter variation interval are considered. A point definition of t

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Cai, Xiaopei, Dacheng Li, Yanrong Zhang, Qian Miao, and Rixin Cui. "Experimental Study on the Vibration Control Effect of Long Elastic Sleeper Track in Subways." Shock and Vibration 2018 (2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6209518.

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The vibration effect of urban rail transit has gained attention from both academia and the industry sector. Long Elastic Sleeper Track (LEST) is a new structure for vibration reduction which has recently been designed and applied to Chinese subways. However, little research has been devoted to its vibration reduction effect. In this study, field tests were conducted during peak transit hours on Beijing Subway Line 15 to examine the vibration reduction effects of the common ballastless track and LEST on both straight and curved sections. The results demonstrate that although LEST increases the

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Kota, Sridhar, Arthur G. Erdman, and Donald R. Riley. "Development of Knowledge Base for Designing Linkage-Type Dwell Mechanisms: Part 1—Theory." Journal of Mechanisms, Transmissions, and Automation in Design 109, no. 3 (1987): 308–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3258795.

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Linkage-type mechanisms have certain advantages over cams for dwell applications. The design of a typical six-link dwell mechanism involves adding an output dyad to the basic four-bar mechanism that generates either a circular arc or a straight line portion of the coupler curve. The entire motion characteristics of these four-bar mechanisms should be considered in order to design a suitable dwell linkage. Part 1 of this paper is devoted to the study of four-bar linkages which generate straight line, circular arc and symmetrical curves. Part 2 discusses how the design experience gained in this

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Wang, Jun, Chenxing Cui, Xiang Liu, and Mingjie Wang. "Dynamic Impact Factor and Resonance Analysis of Curved Intercity Railway Viaduct." Applied Sciences 12, no. 6 (2022): 2978. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12062978.

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A viaduct is an important structural form in intercity railway networks, and the curved bridge is inevitable in railway line network planning. When the vehicles cross through the curved bridge, the transverse load experienced by the bridge is much larger than that of the straight bridge due to the centrifugal forces. Therefore, in the bridge resonance analysis, in addition to the vertical moving vehicle load, it is also imperative to consider the radial vehicle load. In order to systematically analyze the dynamic impact factor (or dynamic load allowance) and resonance conditions of the curved

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