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Journal articles on the topic 'Straightening process'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 14 February 2022

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1

Gui, Hai-Lian, Qiang Li, and Qing-Xue Huang. "The Influence of Bauschinger Effect in Straightening Process." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/612840.

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The yield stress changes during the straightening process, because of the Bauschinger effect. This effect leads to a different reduction rate in each straightening roller. To accurately estimate the straightening effect of the rolled piece, the Bauschinger effect must be considered in calculating the reduction rate. In this paper, the straightening model is described by the fast multipole boundary element method. The Bauschinger effect model is discussed in the elastic loading region and elastic plastic loading region. Young’s modulus reduction and the reverse yield stress reduction are obtained for the straightening force model. The straightening force formula including the Bauschinger effect is determined by analyzing the tension and compression processes. This formula reflects the changes of the yield stress and the straightening force in the tension and compression processes. It is concluded that the Bauschinger effect is a very important factor for the precise estimation of the straightening force.

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2

Feng, Jian Chao, Ming He Chen, Chao Zhang, and Li Ming Guo. "Research on TC4 Alloy Wire Rod Straightening Process." Materials Science Forum 747-748 (February 2013): 850–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.747-748.850.

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Titanium alloy are widely used in various fields, such as Aerospace, Marine and Medical. However, the technology of straightening for TC4 wire rod has not been effectively solved, and relevant research is quite rare. TC4 wire rod is difficult to be straightened under room temperature owing to its special properties. In order to solve this problem, this paper designed a parallel roll thermal straightening system and also developed an automatic intermesh calculation software based on Matlab GUI platform to precalculate the settings of straightening device under different temperatures according to straightening theory. Furthermore, numerical simulation method has been used for straightening process with ABAQUS software before the practical straightening experiment. Finally, using the calculated parameters the straightening experiment was carried out, and results show that this method is feasible and effective.

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3

Tian, Ya Qin, Qing Xue Huang, and Jin Bao Li. "Numerical Analysis of Pressure Straightening Process to High Pressure Boiler Tube." Applied Mechanics and Materials 37-38 (November 2010): 723–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.37-38.723.

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The biggest straightening force is one of the important parameters and has an important influence to straightening effect in the straightening process. In this paper, the numerical experiment of loading counterweight force was carried out by finite element analysis software in the steel tube bending. In bending straightening process of numerical calculation, two kinds of steel tube were selected, the size being Φ720mm, δ120mm and Φ325mm, δ55mm, respectively. The straightening force variation law of bending steel pipe was obtained under the plastic state trends in the straightening process. The best control parameters of steel pipe straightening have been identified for the steel pressure straightening and provide a theoretical basis for parameter determination.

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4

Zhu, Xiaoyu, Peisheng Han, Xiaoxiao Liu, and XiaoGang Wang. "Optimization Model of Process Parameters for Full-Plate Long-Roll Straightening considering Equipment Bounce." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (February 17, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6647769.

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Roll straightening is an important process link in sheet production. Due to the step change of the straightening force during the straightening bite and the tail flick, the whole-plate length straightening and pressing process changes will affect the straightening effect. Based on the solution of the curvature integral straightening process, this paper introduces the stiffness coefficient of the straightening equipment. Through C language programming, the iterative solution has been realized, and the process parameters of the dynamic change of the straightening reduction have been obtained. The enumeration method was used to establish a calculation method to optimize the entire board-length straightening process. The laboratory comparison of the 11-roll straightening machine proves that the straightening process optimization model meets the application requirements.

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5

Chen, Qiang, Shan Li, Ying Luo, and Wen Long Lu. "Parameters Research of Precise Straightening Process in Roll Straightener." Advanced Materials Research 1095 (March 2015): 800–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1095.800.

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Refined copper to obtain high quality can use the electrolytic method; the copper cathode plate is applied to the electrochemical machining. In order to make copper cathode plate has high flatness, assuring electrolytic cell cathode and anode plate spacing, so that the purity of copper electrolysis precipitation is higher, so change the straightening plate method has become the urgent task of the enterprise. Through the computer simulation, the ANSYS/LS-DYNA computer optimization, analysis precise straightening device parameters, in ensuring the copper starting sheet straightening can meet basic factories requirements, improve the machining precise straightening machine and copper starting sheet straightening efficiency.

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6

Li, Jun, and Guo Liang Xiong. "Study on Calculation Method of Press Straightening Stroke Based on Straightening Process Model." Key Engineering Materials 340-341 (June 2007): 1345–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.340-341.1345.

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It is difficult to determine straightening stroke precisely for automatic straightening machines. The existing calculation method of straightening stroke is based on straightening curvature equation. Because the initial curvature is obtained by curve fitting method, the method is inconvenient to use and its accuracy is not well. In this paper, a method to calculate straightening stroke based on straightening process model is put forward. So the mathematic load-deflection model of straightening process must be established at first. The straightening process model for shafts is developed according to the elastic-plastic mechanics theory. By using the model, the straightening stroke can be calculated directly according to the initial deflection of the bent part. It is advantageous to use and to decrease errors. Comparing with FEM results and experimental results, the calculation results by the model are exact and the errors are small. So the validity and the accuracy of the method are verified. It will be helpful to the development of automatic straightening machines.

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7

Kim, Woong-Kyum, Nam-Pyo Hong, Byeong-Hee Kim, and Heon-Young Kim. "Straightening Process of Micro Wires." Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A 30, no. 9 (September 1, 2006): 1148–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3795/ksme-a.2006.30.9.1148.

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8

He-Rong, Jin, Yi Ya-Li, Han Xue-Yan, and Liang Yan. "Roller Straightening Process and FEM Simulation for Stainless Steel Clad Plate." Open Mechanical Engineering Journal 8, no. 1 (December 31, 2014): 557–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874155x01408010557.

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Based on elasto-plastic deformation straightening theory and by adopting 11 rolls straightening plates , the isothermal residual curvature straightening process was proposed for stainless steel clad plate. The mathematical model of straightening was established to realize plate shape finishing and stress reforming. By using finite element analysis software, establishing straightening process and determining intermesh, the effects of intermesh on shape and residual stress were analyzed. The results indicate that the straightening process met the finishing plainness of stainless steel clad plate after rolling. Longitudinal residual stress of the clad plate was evenly distributed across width. The cladding plate and steel substrate were observed to be symmetrical and the ascent of stress near the edge was greater. Longitudinal residual stress across length was distributed with the wave of pull-press-pull and the cladding plate and base plate were observed to be symmetrical. The above researches are based on the previous theory of the application of stainless steel clad plate straightening technology.

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9

Návrat, Tomas, and Jindrich Petruška. "Eulerian Description of Rail Straightening Process." Applied Mechanics and Materials 624 (August 2014): 213–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.624.213.

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The paper deals with numerical analysis of the process of roller straightening of rails. The problem of repeated elasto-plastic bending is solved by a program in MATLAB based on FEM algorithm with Eulerian description of material flow through the straightening machine. Beam element formulation with a shear deformation effect is used for the rail discretization. The results are compared with literature and standard FE analysis with Lagrangian description of material flow. Effectiveness of presented formulation is discussed and its applicability for fast iterative optimization of the straightening process is illustrated.

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10

Das Talukder, N. K., and A. N. Singh. "Mechanics of Bar Straightening, Part 1: General Analysis of Straightening Process." Journal of Engineering for Industry 113, no. 2 (May 1, 1991): 224–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2899682.

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11

Zhang, Yongquan, Hong Lu, He Ling, Yang Lian, and Mingtian Ma. "Analytical Model of a Multi-Step Straightening Process for Linear Guideways Considering Neutral Axis Deviation." Symmetry 10, no. 8 (August 1, 2018): 316. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym10080316.

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The cross-sectional shape of a linear guideway has been processed before the straightening process. The cross-section features influence not only the position of the neutral axis, but also the applied and residual stresses along the longitudinal direction, especially in a multi-step straightening process. This paper aims to present an analytical model based on elasto-plastic theory and three-point reverse bending theory to predict straightening stroke and longitudinal stress distribution during the multi-step straightening process of linear guideways. The deviation of the neutral axis is first analyzed considering the asymmetrical features of the cross-section. Owing to the cyclic loading during the multi-step straightening process, the longitudinal stress curves are then calculated using the linear superposition of stresses. Based on the cross-section features and the superposition of stresses, the bending moment is corrected to improve the predictive accuracy of the multi-step straightening process. Finite element analysis, as well as straightening experiments, have been performed to verify the applicability of the analytical model. The proposed approach can be implemented in the multi-step straightening process of linear guideways with similar cross-sectional shape to improve the straightening accuracy.

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12

Zhang, Yongquan, Hong Lu, Xinbao Zhang, Wei Fan, He Ling, Qinyu Wei, and Mingtian Ma. "A novel analytical model for straightening process of rectangle-section metal bars considering asymmetrical hardening features." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 10, no. 9 (September 2018): 168781401879915. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814018799158.

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The applied straightening moment and the springback after unloading with respect to the straightening process of rectangle-section metal bars have a direct influence on the straightening accuracy and efficiency. In this article, an asymmetrical hardening material model is first proposed to describe the stress–strain curves considering the asymmetrical features of yield stress and plastic hardening stage in tension and compression, and it is also compared with the traditional linear hardening material model. To accurately evaluate the elasto-plastic bending deformation and the springback in the straightening process, an analytical model for the loading and unloading moments is then established. The strain and stress distributions in elastic and plastic regions during the straightening process are also discussed in this article. Finally, the straightening experiments of rectangle-section metal bars under different heat-treated conditions are conducted on the ROSE-JZ50 straightening machine with displacement sensors, force sensors and strain gauges to validate the proposed analytical straightening model.

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13

Tian, Ya Qin, Zhi Fei Wang, Qing Xue Huang, and Jin Bao Li. "The Study of Fulcrum Distance in the Pressure Straightening Process." Advanced Materials Research 145 (October 2010): 399–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.145.399.

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In order to study the impact of fulcrum distance on the straightening the minimum fulcrum distance was determined based on the plastic theory according to straightening pressure force in the process of straightening process where there was no indentation. The optimal distance between the fulcrums straightening has been studied by using of bending curvature changes in the bending deflection formula and support the relationship between the dot pitch. Given initial deflection according to bending deflection and bending deflection the amount range of the fulcrum distance can be determined during the pressure straightening. When the rate of bending deflection determined it can obtain the fulcrum distance at the same curvature. The more fulcrums distance the more bending deflection. The minimum fulcrum distance was three times the power growth with the diameter of work piece. The minimum fulcrum distance is inverse proportion to contact area of pressure head. With the pipe wall thickness decreases the minimum distance also reduced.

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14

Song, Hua, Li Hua Fu, Pei Long Wang, De Xin Ding, and Hui Li. "The Numerical Simulation of Horizontal Straightening for 60 kg/m Heavy Rail with Original Curvature." Applied Mechanics and Materials 16-19 (October 2009): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.16-19.44.

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It has established the FEM model of nine horizontal roller straightening with original curvature for 60㎏/m heavy rail by using explicit dynamics software ANSYS/LS-DYNA in the paper, and it carried out the dynamic simulation process of the nine horizontal roller straightening, analyzed the stress changing rules of heavy rail in the seven deformation zones during the straightening process , even studied the value and distributive condition of residual stress after straightening, disclosed the mechanism of the residual stress in the heavy rail straightening process, and the paper is a guidance to improve heavy rail quality in straightening craft. It has the reference value to the design of heavy rail straightening machine and the formulation of the straightening regulations.

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15

Lu, Hong, Yue Zang, Xinbao Zhang, Yongquan Zhang, and Le Li. "A General Stroke-Based Model for the Straightening Process of D-Type Shaft." Processes 8, no. 5 (April 30, 2020): 528. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8050528.

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D-type shaft is widely used in precision machinery products such as motors and intelligent robots. The straightness of the D-type shaft is an important factor influencing its machining accuracy and dynamic performance, which is normally improved by the three-point pressure straightening process. This paper proposes a general stroke-based model to predict the relevant parameters for the straightening process of D-type shaft, considering the bending deformations in three dimensions. The distribution of stress and strain inside the D-type shaft during the straightening process in arbitrary position of the cross section and the bending moment are analyzed by using linear hardening material model. The relationship between deflection and the internal stress on the loading position is explored, and a straightening stroke model of D-type shaft is obtained. The correctness of the stroke-based straightening model has been validated by finite element method (FEM) simulation analysis and bending experiments. The results show that the proposed model can improve the accuracy and efficiency of the D-type shaft straightening process. Furthermore, it provides a novel method for the modelling of the straightening process regarding the special shaped bar stock.

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16

Yin, Jing, Jun Zhao, Shi-yan Wang, Xian-song Wan, and Yue-lin Li. "Principle of Multi-roller Straightening Process and Quantitative Resolutions of Straightening Strategies." Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 21, no. 9 (September 2014): 823–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1006-706x(14)60148-5.

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17

Chen, Lin, Wei Tong, Hao Li, and Yu Yan Liu. "The Numerical Simulation Analysis of the Straightening Process of the Large H-Shaped Steel." Advanced Materials Research 538-541 (June 2012): 905–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.538-541.905.

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A solid model and finite element model of nine-roller constant roller spacing of large H-shaped steel were set up, researching the problems of elastic-plastic deformation in straightening simulation for nine rollers continuous straightening process of large H-shaped steel. Through analyzing the stress and strain relation of large H-shaped steel, and analyzing the residual stress of H-shaped steel in the straightening process, a theoretical basis for the further step analysis the residual stress control after the H-shaped steel straightening was established.

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18

Mischke, J., and J. Jońca. "Simulation of the roller straightening process." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 34, no. 1-4 (September 1992): 265–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0924-0136(92)90116-a.

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19

Hao, Jian Jun, Qing Xue Huang, and Xue Liang Zhang. "Straightening Technology Research of Aluminum Profile for Vehicle." Advanced Materials Research 145 (October 2010): 449–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.145.449.

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Based on straightening principle of profile straightening equipment, the relationship between process parameters and quality of profile straightening is studied, which can provide basis for optimization and selection of process parameters.

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20

Zhang, Yongquan, Hong Lu, Xinbao Zhang, He Ling, Wei Fan, Qinyu Wei, and Yang Lian. "A novel control strategy for the multi-step straightening process of long/extra-long linear guideways." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 233, no. 9 (September 15, 2018): 2959–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406218800117.

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The straightening process for a linear guideway with particular cross-section shape is normally conducted by the three-point pressure bending method. However, the single-step straightening process (SSSP) of a long/extra-long linear guideway may make the workpiece from a single-curvature curve into a more complex shape. Due to these limitations of SSSP, a quantitative control strategy for the multi-step straightening process (MSSP) of a long/extra-long linear guideway is proposed in this paper based on the straightening principle of SSSP. Firstly, the predictive models for straightening stroke and helix angle after unloading with respect to SSSP are developed based on the elasto-plastic theory and curvature integral model. Depending on the established analytical model for SSSP, the MSSP is then mathematically modelled to obtain corresponding straightening parameters considering feeding process, clamping process and straightening process. Besides, the finite element method has been applied to validate the developed mathematical model for the MSSP. Taking the approach of a linear guideway as an example, the experimental results have also shown that the proposed control strategy is appropriate for the MSSP of a long/extra-long linear guideway.

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21

KIM, TAE WON, MYOUNG GYU LEE, HYUNG-IL MOON, HYUNG JONG KIM, and HEON YOUNG KIM. "PREDICTION OF THE RESIDUAL STRESS IN THE PROCESS OF STRAIGHTENING WIRE." International Journal of Modern Physics B 22, no. 31n32 (December 30, 2008): 6039–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979208051546.

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Microwire made using a straightening process has high added value and has been adopted in many fields of industry. There is much active research on the straightening process. Very straight microwire can be obtained by removing the residual stress induced during the manufacturing process. Generally, the residual stress is removed or minimized through several drawing steps with heat treatment. This study used finite element analysis to calculate the residual stress during each straightening process and investigated the main reason for a change in stress.

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22

Gui, Hailian, Yao Li, Hao Song, and Qingxue Huang. "Research on Stress Neutral Layer Offset in the Straightening Process." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/863610.

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The stress neutral layer offset is analyzed by theoretical and numerical calculation methods. In traditional straightening theory, the stress neutral layer was consistent with the geometric central layer. However, there is a phenomenon that the stress neutral layer has some offset with the geometric neutral layer. This offset is a very important factor for improving the precision of the straightening force. The formula of the stress neutral layer offset is obtained by a theoretical method and the change law is given by numerical calculation method. The neutral layer offset theory provides the theoretical basis for establishing the model of straightening force precisely.

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23

Li, Shan, Yu Qi Wang, Guan Yu Liu, and Yun Hua Zhang. "Parameters Research of Precise Straightening Process in Roller Leveler." Applied Mechanics and Materials 397-400 (September 2013): 79–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.397-400.79.

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Electrolysis is the main method of refined copper smelting. In order to obtain high-quality refined copper, it needs to ensure that the negative plate in the electrolytic cell has a high flatness. The precise straightening device in roller leveler is the last step to ensure the negative plate of high quality flatness. Studying the influence of parameters of precise straightening in roller leveler on the flatness of the negative plate has an important significance. Precise straightening process were simulated in ANSYS/LS-DYNA. The results of simulation were analyzed, on the basis of better meeting the requirements of enterprise, the most reasonable set of matching parameters was chosen to provide a reference for the enterprise designing and studying the roller leveler.

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24

Sun, Jianliang, Mengqian Sun, Yunjing Jiao, and Yanan Gao. "Study on Plate Straightening Process Based on Elastic-Plastic B Spline Finite Strip Method." Journal of Mechanics 36, no. 6 (May 7, 2020): 737–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jmech.2020.16.

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ABSTRACTAn elastic-plastic B spline finite strip method is proposed to investigate the continuous plate straightening process in this paper. First, the B spline displacement function that satisfies the boundary conditions of simply supported end and free end of the strip element is established, and then the stress-strain matrix is established. Second, the set method of total stiffness matrix based on B spline finite strip method for plate straightening problem is proposed, and the influence of nodal line number and strip elements number on the sparsity of total stiffness matrix is analyzed. Third, the loads on the strip elements are taken as linear uniform distribution, and the transformation matrix between the equivalent linear load and the actual load of the strip element is established. At last, the plate straightening simulation of 11 rolls straightening machine is made based on the elastic-plastic B spline finite strip method, the calculated results agree with the measured results, which approves that the elastic-plastic B spline finite strip method established can be applied to the plate straightening process.

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25

Huang, Hua Gui, Huan Ping Zheng, Feng Shan Du, and Wen Zhang Wang. "Numerical Simulation Analysis on the Ten Cross Rolls Straightening Process of the Heavy Calibre Seamless Steel Tube." Advanced Materials Research 421 (December 2011): 56–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.421.56.

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The size and roundness tolerance are common defects of the heavy caliber seamless tube after rolling and heat treatment. In order to disclosure the straightening mechanism of the heavy caliber seamless tube with ten cross rollers straightening machine, a nonlinear finite element model was set up on the platform of MSC.MARC. In this model, a heavy caliber seamless tube of Φ750 × 37 mm with initial roundness tolerance was used. The simulation results show that, the roundness tolerance declined from 1% to 0.2% after straightening, so that the initial roundness tolerance was almost eliminated. And the strain and stress distribution of the tube, the straightening force fluctuating caused by the roundness tolerance were presented and discussed. The analysis results obtained may provide a theoretical foundation not only for establishing the straightening process, but for the machine structure designing.

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26

Guan, Ben, Yong Zang, Yuan Wang, Sha Feng, and Xiao Chan Liu. "The Influence of Process Scheme on the Straightening Effect of Section Steel." Advanced Materials Research 572 (October 2012): 302–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.572.302.

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By studying the geometrical features and the mechanical characters of the profiles during the roller leveling process and combining the basic elastic-plastic theories, a mechanical model is established which is suitable for analyzing elastic-plastic bending of the profile during roller leveling process. Using this model, the straightening effects have been analyzed under different roller leveling process schemes for the profiles which have typical initial curvatures. The analysis of roller leveling process confirms that the curvature ranges of the profiles can't converged infinitely under any process scheme because of the hereditary effects of residual stress, and the large deformation straightening process scheme has better profile convergence than the small one. Further analysis shows that the residual stress of specific section after straightening process with large deformation straightening process is lower than that with small one, and a diminishing bending process scheme is beneficial to the control of residual stress.

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27

Liu, Qing Guo, Xing Zhong Zhang, Zheng Yi Jiang, Yan Chao Sun, Bao Jun Shi, and Nuo Ran Shen. "Analysis of Heat Transfer and Straightening of Continuous Casting Slab Using 3D Finite Element Method." Advanced Materials Research 418-420 (December 2011): 1698–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.418-420.1698.

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The straightening of curved slab results in a greater straightening strain. During the process of multi-point straightening, the peak value of the straightening strain rate will appear at each straightening point. If the strain rate is too large, the straightening cracks will appear. Solidification and heat transfer of a slab is analyzed and the generation of the solidified shell and the three-dimension temperature field of the slab are calculated by using three-dimensional finite element method (FEM). Based on the finite element analysis of five-point straightening of the curved slab, the strain and strain rate of each straightening point were obtained, which is a base of the analysis of straightening cracks.

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28

Du, Xiao Zhong, Quan Yang, Bin Yu Sun, Xiao Ping Zhang, and Xiao Chen Wang. "Investigation on the Contour Curve of Straighter Roll by Conjugate Revolving Quadric Theory." Advanced Materials Research 97-101 (March 2010): 3550–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.97-101.3550.

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Bar straightening is an important work before the bar is applied as qualified products. In this paper, the mechanics of the straightening process is analyzed in detail on the base of conjugate quadric theory. A simulation program is developed with the investigation of straightening process as well. The equations, which describe roll contour curve and the longitudinal section, are given and simulated in computer. And a brief method of designing and drawing the straightening roll contour curve is introduced.

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29

He, Ling, and Lu Hong. "The Study on Linear Guide Precision Straightening Stroke Prediction Quick Algorithm." Applied Mechanics and Materials 456 (October 2013): 294–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.456.294.

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In order to improve the calculation speed and precision of the linear guide precision straightening stroke algorithm, a novel way to predict straightening stroke is proposed based on springback control theory. The relationships between straightening springback control and straightening stroke have been constructed by having analyzed on the curvature changes of the straightening process. The straightening stroke prediction quick algorithm has been designed and applied in straightening experimental. After comparison on the stroke-deflection model and experimental, it is proved that the springback control model can improve the speed and real-time of straightening stroke prediction and calculation and have good adaptive capacity in a large bending condition.

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30

Lu, Hong, Qian He, He Lin, Yang Wang, Li Tao Zheng, and Wei Wei Zhang. "The Expert System of Prediction of Stroke for Precision Straightening Based on Database." Advanced Materials Research 139-141 (October 2010): 1740–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.139-141.1740.

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Prediction of stroke for precision straightening is core part of flexible automatic straightening machine. Straightening process is a nonlinear process, and affected by many factors. In this paper, in order to improve the straightening precision, an expert system is developed based on the previous research, which mainly consists of database for keeping data, expert program for self-study and procedures for application. This paper focuses on designing the expert system and application process. Humanization of the software interface has been designed for ordinary operators and researchers. And at last this system’s feasibility is verified by comparison between these two results, the performance of established expert system is excellent. It will be helpful to the development of automatic straightening machine’s control system.

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31

Zhang, Hong Wei, and Yi Du Zhang. "Study on RSM Procedure of Straightening Process for Aeronautical Component Based on Finite Element Simulation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 42 (November 2010): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.42.22.

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Straightening of machining deformation of the aeronautical monolithic components is one of the most complex manufacturing problems encountered in modern aerospace industry. In this paper deformation straightening processes are simulated using finite element method and the integrated simulation environment is put forward. A new method combining response surface method (RSM) with finite element simulation is proposed in order to quickly predict the straightening results in certain design space. The response surface about springback was constructed based on simulation results.

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32

Strelchuk, R. M., and S. M. Trokhimchuk. "Mathematical modeling of the surface roughness of the grinding wheel during straightening." Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu, no. 1 (2021): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/nvngu/2021-1/053.

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Purpose. Research on the mechanism of influence of the straightening conditions of the grinding wheel, including the relative oscillations of the wheel and a multipoint diamond dresser, on the roughness of the ground surface and other machining results. Methodology. Straightening a grinding wheel with a multipoint diamond dresser is a process of high-speed destruction of a hard, abrasive material and its bond under the instantaneous forces, abrasive grains with a hard surface of a diamond crystal. During the grinding wheel straightening, the total component of normal forces causes correspondingly less elastic deformations in the wheel straightening tool system, which increases the accuracy of the geometric shape of the grinding wheel working surface. Findings. The research results make it possible to determine the parameters of the surface roughness of a workpiece and to find ways to control it to increase the efficiency of the grinding process. Originality. The regularities of the influence of the grinding wheel straightening conditions on the state of its working surface have been established. The paper shows that the initial arrangement of grains along the normal to the surface of the wheel is determined by its characteristics. When the abrasive grains hit the surface of the straightening tool, some of the vertices are chipped off, as a result of which the density of the grain vertices on the outer surface of the wheel increases. The straightening process was further developed in the direction of the non-uniform character of the location of the vertices of abrasive grains. The distribution of the grain position at the wheel bond depends on the straightening conditions. Since the removal of the allowance in the process of grinding is carried out by the most protruding grain vertices, then, consequently, the result of grinding will depend on their location and the conditions for the wheel straightening. Practical value. Application of the research results obtained in the work, namely, mathematical modeling of the surface roughness of the grinding wheel during straightening, makes it possible to calculate the roughness parameter of the ground surface. The work also shows that the level of chipping of the grain vertices depends on the grinding wheel straightening conditions, in particular, on the value of the axial feed of the straightening tool. In this case, lower stresses arise in the grains and the bond, and the tool works as a harder one. Straightening conditions affect the stability of the grinding wheel and its self-sharpening process in the machining zone. This determines the significant role of straightening in the results of the grinding process.

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Xia, Liang Yu, Dong Ming Sun, Gui Rong Kang, and Jian Sun. "A Method for Calculating the Amount of the Deflection and Force-Energy Parameters for Copper-Clad Steel Tube in the Process of Straightening." Applied Mechanics and Materials 477-478 (December 2013): 137–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.477-478.137.

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Based on Roller Straightening Theory and Elastic-Plastic Beam Research, A Appropriate Mathematical Model of Straightening has Set up.The Author Regards the Tube as a Continuous Bending Beam and Discuss in Detail the Relationship between the Straightening Force and the Bending Moment. Calculating the Amount of Deflection for Tube. in this way ,it Provided a Scientific Basis for the Copper-Clad Steel Tube Straightening Parameter Set and Engineering Application.

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Wang, Jian Guo, Lin Chen, Tong Qing Li, Ge Li, Hai Yan Cui, and Zhong Liang Tian. "Controlling Research of the Pre-Bending Deformation before Straightening and Residual Stresses after Straightening for 100-Meter." Advanced Materials Research 572 (October 2012): 296–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.572.296.

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Of hot rolling 100-meter heavy rail, the shrinkage masses or swell increments are different in different positions of transverse sections during the cooling process by the reason of profiled cross-section, which resulted in alternating bend, and the flatness and residual stresses are directly affected by bending deformation before straightening during the cooling process. In this paper, By studying the heat boundary conditions in cooling process, the regularity of bending deformation of hot rolling heavy rail during cooling is observed, adopting 3-D transient nonlinear FEM simulation. By controlling the deformation value of bending before straightening and the value after straightening, the influence of residual stresses after straightening from pre-bending values before straightening is analyzed, drawing a conclusion of the regularity that residual stresses are affected by different chord heights at the same straightening rule, and the calculated results have a good accordance with the real values in field scene.

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Man, Yuan, Xian Kui Li, and La Dao Yang. "Experimental Research of Elevated Temperature Creep and Stress Relaxation during Continuous Straightening." Materials Science Forum 575-578 (April 2008): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.575-578.7.

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In the process of the continuous straightening during continuous casting, elevated temperature creep and stress relaxation are remarkable. During continuous straightening, temperature of steel billet is very high, where the characteristic of deformation is low strain and low strain rate. Experiments of elevated temperature creep, stress relaxation and elevated tension under the conditions of continuous straightening were carried on Gleeble3500 thermal-mechanical simulation machine and the results indicate that both the creep speed and the stress relaxation speed are very fast in the conditions of continuous straightening. Then metallurgical structures were observed. A lead plate was used to simulate the billet during continuous straightening and then straightening forces were measured. An elasto-viscoplastic model and an elasto-plastic model were built according to the experiment to calculate the straightening forces. The contrast between the calculation results and the measured data shows that ignoring the creep and stress relaxation will result in great errors when calculating the straightening forces in continuous straightening. Carrying researches on elevated temperature creep and stress relaxation and using their characteristics in design has great importance to improve the quality and quantity of billets in the process of continuous casting.

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KATOH, Takaaki, Eizo URATA, Minoru NAKANISHI, and Kazuo YAMAZAKI. "Control for Straightening Process of Seamless Pipe." JSME international journal. Ser. 3, Vibration, control engineering, engineering for industry 34, no. 3 (1991): 427–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmec1988.34.427.

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KATOH, Takaaki, Eizo URATA, Minoru NAKANISHI, and Kazuo YAMAZAKI. "Control for straightening process of seamless pipe." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series C 56, no. 526 (1990): 1626–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaic.56.1626.

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Sun, Zhi Hui, and Wen Yuan Chen. "Research on Straightening Force Measuring Technology for Pre-Stress Straightening Machine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 239-240 (December 2012): 680–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.239-240.680.

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This paper introduces the hardware components of the straightening force measuring system for the pre-stress straightening machine firstly. Then finite element analysis is made for the frame of pre-stress straightening machine based on ANSYS Workbench. Relationship between the straightening force and relative strain on the column neutral layer is obtained by using polynomial fit. And this relationship is used to obtain straightening force in the DAQ software. Then the straightening force DAQ software is developed based on LabVIEW. Structure and development process of the software are introduced in details at last.

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Liu, Yu Yan, Hao Li, and Lin Chen. "Research on the Straightening Deformation Process of the Residual Stress of the Numerical Simulation for Different Kinds of Heavy Rail." Advanced Materials Research 430-432 (January 2012): 492–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.430-432.492.

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Through out the establishment of heavy rail entity model and the finite element model of straightening for different kinds of heavy rail after the residual stress in straightening investigated . Analysed U75V、U76CrRE、U71Mn and U75VM the four different kinds in 8+1 level straightening of the seven regional deformation area rail head, rail waist, rail base vertical stress distribution rule.

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Li, Lian Jin, and Jia Yang. "Precision Straightening Method of Thin-Walled Seamless Steel Pipes." Advanced Materials Research 819 (September 2013): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.819.65.

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With the highest product performance, quality and reliability requirements, oil casing is the most demanding service conditions in the oil and gas fields. However, when solving with thin-walled seamless steel pipes by the existing straightening theory, the cross section distortion phenomenon shall not be considered, and when the proportion of diameter to wall thickness increases, an ideal straightening effect can't be obtained. With the elastic-plastic bending straightening theory, this paper analyzes straightening process of thin-walled seamless steel pipes, studies the relationship of the flattening rate, deflection and straightening force in thin-walled pipes straightening, deduces the best reduction calculation method in the practical six roller skew rolling straightening machine, and in the meantime, results of several steel pipes flattening rate are compared.

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Zhang, Chao, Jian Chao Feng, and Ming He Chen. "Research for Straightening of TC4 Alloy Wire Rod Based on Horizontal-Vertical Roller System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 192 (July 2012): 280–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.192.280.

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Straight TC4 wire rod is demanded by many industries, however the technology of straightening for it has not been solved. In the present paper, a horizontal-vertical roller thermal straightening system is designed and the theory of rolling reduction is concluded. Based on the new system and the rolling reductions calculated for each roller, the method of finite element analysis is used to show the process of straightening at 600°C. The result of straightening is ideal, which proves the straightening system is adequate for Φ4.5 TC4 wire rod.

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Das Talukder, N. K., and A. N. Singh. "Mechanics of Bar Straightening, Part 2: Straightening in Cross-Roll Straighteners." Journal of Engineering for Industry 113, no. 2 (May 1, 1991): 228–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2899683.

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An analysis is made of the straightening process of rolled circular bars and tubes, with initial residual curvature in different types of cross-roll straighteners indicating the degree of straightness and throughput speed obtainable from them. Suggestions are made for roll arrangement for higher throughput speed and degree of straightness of the product.

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Song, Hua, Pei Long Wang, Li Hua Fu, Ming Chen, and Z. Q. Wang. "Study on the Optimization Straightening Regulation of Heavy Rail Compound Roll Straightening." Advanced Materials Research 102-104 (March 2010): 227–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.102-104.227.

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This paper adopted explicit dynamics FEM software ANSYS/LS-DYNA and carried out the numerical simulation calculation of 9 roller horizontal straightening and 8 roller vertical straightening for 60 kg/m heavy rail with original curvature. The reductions of straightening rollers are taken as the main effective factor to the residual stress in the straightening regulation. It adopted orthogonal experimental method to obtain the main effective factors for straightness and residual stress. In the assurance of meeting the straightness, it obtained the regulation in which the residual stress is the smallest, so it makes the important theoretical and actual sense to formulate the rational straightening process and improve the straightening quality of rail.

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Dvorkin, E. N., and F. M. Medina. "Finite Element Models for Analyzing the Straightening of Steel Seamless Tubes." Journal of Engineering for Industry 111, no. 4 (November 1, 1989): 351–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3188771.

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An important part of the steel seamless tubes production scheme is the straightening process. Finite element models are developed to analyze the straightening process and to evaluate its effect on the final external collapse pressure of the tubes.

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45

Song, Hua, Peilong Wang, Lihua Fu, Ming Chen, Zhongqiang Wang, and Huiyuan Sun. "Straightening Regulation Optimization on the Residual Stress Induced by the Compound Roll Straightening in the Heavy Rail." Shock and Vibration 18, no. 1-2 (2011): 171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/845025.

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Residual stress is very important to the straightened quality of rail, this paper adopts explicit dynamics FEM to study on residual stress. We established compound roller model and calculated the residual value of heavy rail through 9 roller horizontal straightening and 8 roller vertical straightening. The reductions of straightening rollers are taken as the main effective factor to the residual stress in the straightening process. We adopt orthogonal calculation method to obtain the main effective factor to residual stress. On the base of assurance of the straightness, we obtained the optimal regulation in which the residual stress is the smallest, so the paper makes the important theoretical and actual sense to formulate the rational straightening regulation and improve the straightening quality of rail.

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Elizalde, Sergio, Marco Ezequiel, Ignacio A. Figueroa, José M. Cabrera, Chedly Braham, and Gonzalo Gonzalez. "Microstructural Evolution and Mechanical Behavior of an Al-6061 Alloy Processed by Repetitive Corrugation and Straightening." Metals 10, no. 4 (April 8, 2020): 489. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10040489.

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The repetitive corrugation and straightening process is a severe plastic deformation technique that is particularly suited to process metallic sheets. With this technique, it is possible to develop nano/ultrafine-grained structured materials, and therefore, to improve some mechanical properties such as the yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and fatigue lifetime. In this study, an Al-6061 alloy was subjected to the repetitive corrugation and straightening process. A new corrugation die design was proposed in order to promote a heterogeneous deformation into the metallic sheet. The evolution of the mechanical properties and microstructure obtained by electron backscatter diffraction of the alloy showed a heterogeneous distribution in the grain size at the initial cycles of the repetitive corrugation and straightening process. Uniaxial tensile tests showed a significant increase in yield strength as the number of repetitive corrugation and straightening passes increased. The distribution of the plastic deformation was correlated with the hardness distribution on the surface. The hardness distribution map matched well with the heterogeneous distribution of the plastic deformation obtained by finite element simulation. A maximum average hardness (147 HV) and yield strength (385 MPa) was obtained for two repetitive corrugation and straightening cycles sample.

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Chen, Lin, Jian Guo Wang, and Ge Li. "The Simulated Calculation and Optimizing Experimental Research of the Residual Stress of the Heavy Rail Straightening." Materials Science Forum 704-705 (December 2011): 296–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.704-705.296.

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The finite element 3D model of heavy rail roller complex straightening is established by the finite element method in this paper.The straightening process is optimized by orthogonal experimentation and regression analysis. The formative mechanics and the regulation of the residual stress in the process of straightening are researched. The results of the simulation show that: whatever is on the basement of the residual stress or flatness, the new schedule is better than the real field one, residual stress is controlled within 250Mpa.

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Timakov, E. V., and F. S. Dubinskiy. "Numerical Analysis and Simulation of the Straightening Process of Heavy Rails on a Horizontal Roller-Straightening Machine." Materials Science Forum 946 (February 2019): 775–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.946.775.

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In this paper, the ABAQUS is adopted to carry on numerical simulation on straightening process of R65 heavy rail. The straightening process has been simulated here using the FE package of ABAQUS. All the input data were extracted from experimental tests according to tail manufacturing. Moreover, initial camber of the rail was measured after hot rolling and cooling process.

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Drachev, O. I., A. V. Bobrovsky, and E. V. Gabanov. "Automatic control of the shaft hot straightening process." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 632 (November 8, 2019): 012092. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/632/1/012092.

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KUBOKI, Takashi, Makoto MURATA, and Tetsuya SASAKI. "2238 Two roll straightening process of line materials." Proceedings of the JSME annual meeting 2005.1 (2005): 639–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecjo.2005.1.0_639.

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