Relevant bibliographies by topics / Strain capacity

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Strain capacity'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 5 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Strain capacity"

1

Tasdemir, M. A., F. D. Lydon, and B. I. G. Barr. "The tensile strain capacity of concrete." Magazine of Concrete Research 48, no. 176 (September 1996): 211–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/macr.1996.48.176.211.

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Wang, Li, Shiqi Xiao, Xiaoming Chen, Shilin Chen, Shanqiang Wang, Chao Wang, Yunlai Tang, and Faqin Dong. "ytiB and ythA Genes Reduce the Uranium Removal Capacity of Bacillus atrophaeus." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 7 (April 10, 2019): 1766. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20071766.

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Two Bacillus atrophaeus strains, the first being a highly stress-resistant ATCC 9372 strain and the Ua strain identified from a chromium mine by our lab, differ in their abilities to tolerate and remove Uranium (VI) from contaminated water. An increase in U(VI) concentration in growth media led to a decrease in the tolerance and bio-remedial capacity of both strains. However, under high concentrations of U(VI) in the growth media, the ATCC 9372 strain demonstrated a higher tolerance and a higher removal capacity than the Ua strain. Two approaches, transcriptome sequencing and transgenic technology, were used to elucidate the relationship between particular genes within these two strains and their U(VI) removal capacity. Sequencing confirmed the expression of two genes unique to the Ua strain, previously designated ytiB and ythA. They encode putative proteins that show the highest levels of identity to carbonic anhydrase and cytochrome bd terminal oxidase I, respectively. Using the pBE-S DNA vector, ytiB and ythA were transformed into the ATCC 9372 strain of Bacillus atrophaeus. Under a U(VI) concentration of 120 mg/L, the removal rates of the transgenic ATCC 9372-ytiB and ATCC 9372-ythA strains decreased by 7.55% and 7.43%, respectively, compared to the removal rate of the control strain transformed with empty plasmid. The results suggest that both ythA and ytiB genes have a negative influence on the uranium removing capacity of Bacillus atrophaeus. This finding will help to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of uranium removal by bacteria.
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Rodarte, J. R., R. D. Hubmayr, D. Stamenovic, and B. J. Walters. "Regional lung strain in dogs during deflation from total lung capacity." Journal of Applied Physiology 58, no. 1 (January 1, 1985): 164–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1985.58.1.164.

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Regional lung distortion during deflation from total lung capacity to functional residual capacity (FRC) in intact supine and prone anesthetized dogs was determined from the displacement of multiple metallic markers embedded in the lung parenchyma. Distortion was expressed as strain (epsilon), which is related to fractional length changes. In the supine position, transverse strain (epsilon yy) was larger than vertical strain (epsilon xx) and cephalocaudal strain (epsilon zz) in the upper lobe. The FRC of the lower lobe was smaller than FRC of the upper lobe and all strains were larger, but epsilon zz increased most and became equal to epsilon yy. In the prone position, epsilon yy was largest in all upper lobes and in three of four lower lobes. Strains and volumes of the upper and lower lobes were similar. The upper and lower lobes rotated slightly around different axes, indicating that interpleural fissures allow additional degrees of freedom for the lungs to conform to the thoracic cavity. In the prone position, there were no consistent gradients of strain or volume. These results indicate that, in determining the regional distribution of FRC in the recumbent dog, in addition to the effect of gravity on the lung, there are important interactions between lung and thoracic cavity shapes.
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Krausova, Gabriela, Antonin Kana, Ivana Hyrslova, Iva Mrvikova, and Miloslava Kavkova. "Development of Selenized Lactic Acid Bacteria and their Selenium Bioaccummulation Capacity." Fermentation 6, no. 3 (September 21, 2020): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation6030091.

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Selenized lactic acid bacteria (LAB) represent potentially safe and effective sources of selenium (Se), essential for human health, as lactic acid fermentation improves Se bioavailability and reduces its toxicity. LAB are generally recognized as safe (GRAS) and widely used in fermented dairy products. To facilitate selenized LAB implementation as a functional food, we developed and characterized new Se-enriched strains based on the food industry commercial strains Streptococcus thermophilus CCDM 144 and Enterococcus faecium CCDM 922A as representatives of two LAB genera. We evaluated Se bioaccumulation capacity, Se biotransformation and growth ability in the presence of different sodium selenite concentrations (0–50 mg/L), and antioxidant properties (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method) and cell surface hydrophobicity between Se-enriched and parental strains in vitro. Sodium selenite addition did not negatively influence growth of either strain; thus, 50 mg/L was chosen as the optimal concentration based on strain accumulation capacity. Selenization improved the antioxidant properties of both strains and significantly increased their cell surface hydrophobicity (p < 0.05). To our knowledge, this represents the first report of Se-enriched strain hydrophobicity as well as the first on Se speciation in families Enterococcaceae and Streptococcaceae. Moreover, both tested strains demonstrated good potential for Se-enrichment, providing a foundation for further in vitro and in vivo studies to confirm the suitability of these Se-enriched strains for industrial applications.
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Gontijo, Ronan P., Cleube A. Boari, Aldrin V. Pires, Martinho A. Silva, Luíza R. A. Abreu, and Paulo G. M. A. Martins. "Carcass traits and meat quality of quails from both sexes and eight distinct strains." Animal Production Science 57, no. 10 (2017): 2141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an15854.

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Our objective was to evaluate carcass traits and meat quality of quails from different strains and both sexes pertaining to three breeding-improvement programs. Quails from seven meat-type strains (UFV1, UFV2, UFV3, EV1, EV2, LF1 and LF2) and from one egg-laying (Japanese quail) strain (LAY) were slaughtered at 35 days of age. A completely randomised 8 (strain) × 2 (sex) factorial design was used for data analysis. Bodyweight, hot carcass weight and breast (musculus pectoralis major and m. pectoralis minor) and legs (thigh and drumstick) weights and their respective yields were determined. Ultimate pH, colour measurements, water-holding capacity, cooking loss and shear force were assessed. No difference in ultimate pH, shear force and hue was observed. The UFV3 strain had the greatest bodyweight at slaughter. The UFV3 strain had the greatest hot carcass weight in both sexes. The heaviest breasts were observed in both sexes of the UFV3 strain and in males of the UFV2 strain. The UFV3 quails had greater leg weight. The hot carcass yields of meat-type strains were greater than that of the LAY strain. The UFV3 and LAY females furnished a greater breast yield than did male quails. For males, the UFV1 strain had a greater yield of breast than that of LAY quails. The LAY quails presented the greatest yields of leg. The LAY quails had the least luminance, and the greatest water-holding capacity, cooking loss, red and yellow intensity, and chroma. In summary, meat obtained from meat-type strains had a greater water-holding capacity, lower cooking loss and greater luminance than that of the LAY strain. In addition, the meat-type strains grew appreciably faster, but the difference in yields of breast and leg meat between meat and layer strains was small. We conclude that meat-type strains, especially the UFV3, are more appropriate for enterprises focussed on meat production.
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Bazin, R., D. Ricquier, F. Dupuy, J. Hoover-Plow, and M. Lavau. "Thermogenic and lipogenic activities in brown adipose tissue of I-strain mice." Biochemical Journal 231, no. 3 (November 1, 1985): 761–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2310761.

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The thermogenic capacity of brown adipose tissue has been investigated in I-strain mice to determine whether this tissue could play a role in the lower efficiency of food utilization reported in this strain of mice. (1) As compared with C57BL mice (a control strain), interscapular-brown-adipose-tissue weight and lipid percentage were decreased by 40% and 13% respectively in I-strain mice. (2) Mitochondrial protein content and cytochrome c oxidase activity were similar in the two strains, but the number of mitochondrial GDP-binding sites and uncoupling-protein content were increased by 2-fold in I-strain mice. (3) Fatty acid synthetase and citrate-cleavage enzyme (units/mg of protein) were 3-fold higher in the brown adipose tissue of I-strain mice. These results indicate that I-strain mice possess a very active brown adipose tissue. This enhanced capacity of energy dissipation in brown adipose tissue could contribute to the decreased capacity of I-strain mice to store adipose tissue.
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Geoffroy, Valérie, Geneviève Payette, Florian Mauffrey, Livie Lestin, Philippe Constant, and Richard Villemur. "Strain-level genetic diversity ofMethylophaga nitratireducenticrescensconfers plasticity to denitrification capacity in a methylotrophic marine denitrifying biofilm." PeerJ 6 (April 23, 2018): e4679. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4679.

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BackgroundThe biofilm of a methanol-fed, fluidized denitrification system treating a marine effluent is composed of multi-species microorganisms, among whichHyphomicrobium nitrativoransNL23 andMethylophaga nitratireducenticrescensJAM1 are the principal bacteria involved in the denitrifying activities. Strain NL23 can carry complete nitrate (NO${}_{3}^{-}$) reduction to N2, whereas strain JAM1 can perform 3 out of the 4 reduction steps. A small proportion of other denitrifiers exists in the biofilm, suggesting the potential plasticity of the biofilm in adapting to environmental changes. Here, we report the acclimation of the denitrifying biofilm from continuous operating mode to batch operating mode, and the isolation and characterization from the acclimated biofilm of a new denitrifying bacterial strain, named GP59.MethodsThe denitrifying biofilm was batch-cultured under anoxic conditions. The acclimated biofilm was plated onMethylophagaspecific medium to isolate denitrifyingMethylophagaisolates. Planktonic cultures of strains GP59 and JAM1 were performed, and the growth and the dynamics of NO${}_{3}^{-}$, nitrite (NO${}_{2}^{-}$) and N2O were determined. The genomes of strains GP59 and JAM1 were sequenced and compared. The transcriptomes of strains GP59 and JAM1 were derived from anoxic cultures.ResultsDuring batch cultures of the biofilm, we observed the disappearance ofH. nitrativoransNL23 without affecting the denitrification performance. From the acclimated biofilm, we isolated strain GP59 that can perform, likeH. nitrativoransNL23, the complete denitrification pathway. The GP59 cell concentration in the acclimated biofilm was 2–3 orders of magnitude higher thanM. nitratireducenticrescensJAM1 andH. nitrativoransNL23. Genome analyses revealed that strain GP59 belongs to the speciesM. nitratireducenticrescens. The GP59 genome shares more than 85% of its coding sequences with those of strain JAM1. Based on transcriptomic analyses of anoxic cultures, most of these common genes in strain GP59 were expressed at similar level than their counterparts in strain JAM1. In contrast to strain JAM1, strain GP59 cannot reduce NO${}_{3}^{-}$ under oxic culture conditions, and has a 24-h lag time before growth and NO${}_{3}^{-}$ reduction start to occur in anoxic cultures, suggesting that both strains regulate differently the expression of their denitrification genes. Strain GP59 has the ability to reduce NO${}_{2}^{-}$ as it carries a gene encoding a NirK-type NO${}_{2}^{-}$ reductase. Based on the CRISPR sequences, strain GP59 did not emerge from strain JAM1 during the biofilm batch cultures but rather was present in the original biofilm and was enriched during this process.DiscussionThese results reinforce the unique trait of the speciesM. nitratireducenticrescensamong theMethylophagagenus as facultative anaerobic bacterium. These findings also showed the plasticity of denitrifying population of the biofilm in adapting to anoxic marine environments of the bioreactor.
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Harrison, Judith, Alexandre Jamet, Cecilia I. Muglia, Ghislaine Van de Sype, O. Mario Aguilar, Alain Puppo, and Pierre Frendo. "Glutathione Plays a Fundamental Role in Growth and Symbiotic Capacity of Sinorhizobium meliloti." Journal of Bacteriology 187, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 168–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.187.1.168-174.2005.

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ABSTRACT Rhizobia form a symbiotic relationship with plants of the legume family to produce nitrogen-fixing root nodules under nitrogen-limiting conditions. We have examined the importance of glutathione (GSH) during free-living growth and symbiosis of Sinorhizobium meliloti. An S. meliloti mutant strain (SmgshA) which is unable to synthesize GSH due to a gene disruption in gshA, encoding the enzyme for the first step in the biosynthesis of GSH, was unable to grow under nonstress conditions, precluding any nodulation. In contrast, an S. meliloti strain (SmgshB) with gshB, encoding the enzyme involved in the second step in GSH synthesis, deleted was able to grow, indicating that γ-glutamylcysteine, the dipeptide intermediate, can partially substitute for GSH. However, the SmgshB strain showed a delayed-nodulation phenotype coupled to a 75% reduction in the nitrogen fixation capacity. This phenotype was linked to abnormal nodule development. Both the SmgshA and SmgshB mutant strains exhibited higher catalase activity than the wild-type S. meliloti strain, suggesting that both mutant strains are under oxidative stress. Taken together, these results show that GSH plays a critical role in the growth of S. meliloti and during its interaction with the plant partner.
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Suzuki, N., T. Kubo, and S. Igi. "Strain capacity and material properties required for pipelines." Welding International 22, no. 7 (July 2008): 417–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09507110802285581.

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Hoeher, Robin, Thomas Raidt, Maik Rose, Frank Katzenberg, and Joerg C. Tiller. "Recoverable strain storage capacity of shape memory polyethylene." Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 51, no. 13 (May 7, 2013): 1033–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.23301.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Strain capacity"

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羅文惠 and Man-wai Law. "Strain energy capacity of reinforced concrete beams." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1987. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31207704.

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Law, Man-wai. "Strain energy capacity of reinforced concrete beams /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1987. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12228175.

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唐嘉鴻 and Ka-hung William Tang. "Strain energy capacity of reinforced and prestressed concrete beams." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1990. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B30425190.

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Tang, Ka-hung William. "Strain energy capacity of reinforced and prestressed concrete beams /." [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1990. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12925524.

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Al-Aghbari, Mohammed Yousuf Saif. "Bearing capacity of shallow strip foundations with structural skirts resting on dense sand." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367023.

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Hammer, Tor Arne. "Deformations, strain capacity and cracking of concrete in plastic and early hardening phases." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Structural Engineering, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-1789.

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Field observation reveals that cracking of free concrete surfaces in the period before and during setting, may appear at two basically different ages: Minutes after surface finishing, here called “plastic phase” and at some hours after surface finishing, here called “early hardening phase”. This has been verified by tests in the present work by investigating the deformations and strain capacities in both phases, as well as the crack initiation and propagation.

In the plastic phase, the rate of water evaporation relative to the permeability of the concrete (i.e. the ability to transport water to the surface) is the dominating factor. It follows that the “critical” evaporation rate decreases with decreasing permeability, e.g.concretes with relatively low permeability, i.e. with relatively low water-to-powder ratios (like HSC and SCC) have low critical rates.

When the evaporation rate is high relative to the permeability, an important point is the very early formation of capillary tension of pore water (meniscus system) at the surface, which appears as a skin formation. It results in shrinkage of the skin (“plastic shrinkage”), but probably more important, in very low strain capacity of the skin. The latter suggests that deformations caused by differential settlement (as results of reinforcement bars or cross section shifts) and even relatively small external deformations (e.g. formwork movement) may then result in cracking. Furthermore, the skin formation, and thus high cracking risk, may in practise appear before any curing aid is applied.

It is suggested that cracks initiate by emptying of surface cavities (or coarse surface pores): Such cavities will empty (if not already empty) before the pores between the cement grains. Then, there is no meniscus left to restrain the cavities, and they will open as the shrinkage continues.

The fact that both deformation and strain capacity are result of capillary tension of the pore water, suggests that pore water pressure (e.g. as measured in the present work) can be used as a single measure to assess the cracking risk in the plastic phase.

Cracking in the early hardening phase, may be assessed as for hardened concrete, e.g. from the stress-tensile strength ratio, where the stress is result of the restrained drying shrinkage and thermal dilation (autogenous shrinkage may contribute in very low w/b systems).

A promising methodology has been developed to measure deformation, tensile strain capacity, stress generation and tensile strength evolution in the early hardening phase, and the results confirm that the period is critical for cracking. It is shown that the deformation of surfaces in this period caused by moderate drying (here exposed to 20 ºC and 50 % RH) combined with a moderate cooling (here approximately 5 °C), generate restraining stress that may exceed the tensile strength, and thus, generate failure.

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Li, You-Sheng. "Heat capacity measurements of Sr₂RuO₄ under uniaxial stress." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/16591.

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The most-discussed pairing symmetry in Sr₂RuO₄ is chiral p-wave, pₓ ± p[sub]y, whose degeneracy is protected by the lattice symmetry. When the lattice symmetry is lowered by the application of a symmetry-breaking field, the degeneracy can be lifted, potentially leading to a splitting of the superconducting transition. To lift the degeneracy, the symmetry breaking field used in this study is uniaxial stress. Uniaxial stress generated by a piezo-electric actuator can continuously tune the electronic structure and in situ lower the tetragonal symmetry in Sr₂RuO₄. Previous studies of magnetic susceptibility and resistivity under uniaxial stress have revealed that there is a strong peak in T[sub]c when the stress is applied along the a-axis of Sr₂RuO₄. In addition, it has been proposed that the peak in T[sub]c coincides with a van Hove singularity in the band structure, and measurements of Hc₂ at the maximum T[sub]c indicate the possibility of an even parity condensate for Sr₂RuO₄ at the peak in Tc. In this thesis, the heat capacity approach is used to study the thermodynamic behavior of Sr₂RuO₄ under uniaxial stress applied along the crystallographic a-axis of Sr₂RuO₄. The first thermodynamic evidence for the peak in T[sub]c is obtained, proving that is a bulk property. However, the experimental data show no clear evidence for splitting of the superconducting transition; only one phase transition can be identified within the experimental resolution. The results impose strong constraints on the existence of a second phase transition, i.e. the size of the second heat capacity jump would be small or the second T[sub]c would have to be very close to the first transition. In addition to these results, I will present heat capacity data from the normal state of Sr₂RuO₄. The experimental results indicate that there is an enhancement of specific heat at the peak in T[sub]c, consistent with the existence of the van Hove singularity. The possibility of even parity superconductivity at the maximum T[sub]c has also been investigated. However, the heat capacity measurements are shown to be relatively insensitive to such a change, so it has not been possible to obtain strong and unambiguous evidence for whether it takes place or not.
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Dürrheim, Erna Theresia. "Some physiological effects of deep underground mining and the relationship with physical work capacity and functional work capacity assessment outcomes." Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9019.

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Motivation: The South-African deep level gold mining industry has adapted in many ways, as the pursuit for gold has led deep into the earth core, where rock face temperatures measure around 60°C. Ventilation adapted through engineering developments like refrigeration systems, creating cooler work environments to an extent. Despite these developments the risks of high ambient temperatures coupled with strenuous work and dehydration remains, leading to alternative methods of control that have to indicate whether employees have the necessary functional capacity to perform daily work tasks. Objectives: The objectives of this study were: to measure and compare the physiological effects of the tasks performed by workers in an underground mining environment; To measure the soundness of heart rate as a gauge of work stress in real-life work conditions, taking into account the stressors that influence it; to determine the efficacy of functional and physical work capacity assessments as a method of determining work readiness. Methods: A study group (n = 16) was chosen to represent the “most exposed” work population, all of whom have previously passed the functional work capacity and physical work capacity assessments. The assessments were repeated and the maximal oxygen uptake assessment was done. The participants were divided into two groups (n = 8) according to their work areas. Measurements were taken over a period of eight consecutive shifts. Each group was later divided into three groups as per the work they performed. Dehydration was determined through urine analysis and body weight changes. Heart rate was observed continuously through a heart rate monitor and oral temperature was measured on an hourly basis. Results: The shift durations seen during this study were much longer than the customary 8-hour work day. The mean HR results of group I, which was suspected of having the most strenuous work, were very similar to the results for group II and III. This group did, however, have the highest % heart rate ≥ 120 beats per minute and mean cumulative heart beats, group III having the lowest. All of the groups were found to be mildly dehydrated at the end of their shifts, the urine specific gravity indicating that the participants were generally already considerably dehydrated at the onset of the shifts. Group I was the only group whose mean heart rate had a statistically significant correlation (r ≥ 0.5) with % weight loss. There was a statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05) correlation between heart rate and mean oral temperature for all of the groups. The participants that passed the functional work capacity and physical work capacity assessments were found to have performed comparatively better during the real-time shifts than those that failed. Conclusions: Although there were several employees that had a high mean maximum heart rate, none of the mean heart rates were higher than the self-pacing rate of 110 beats per minute. This ability of self- pacing was seen in the way the participants were able to manage energy expenditure by alternating between heavy and lighter tasks. A great concern is the fact that all of the participants had a % weight loss (0.9 – 2.8% weight loss) indicative of mild dehydration after the shifts, on top of morning urine specific gravity samples (1.020 – 1.025) showing signs of considerable dehydration. Several correlations were found between the functional work capacity and physical work capacity assessments and maximum temperature, maximum heart rate and maximal oxygen uptake, suggesting a significant relationship between the real life situation and the homogenous laboratory setting. comparing the employees that passed the functional work capacity and physical work capacity assessment to those that failed, a marked difference was seen in their respective performances. The groups that passed had a lower mean heart rate and maximum heart rate and higher maximal oxygen uptake. It may, therefore, be concluded that the functional work capacity and physical work capacity assessments provide a valid evaluation of an individual’s work capacity and potential to cope with the varying demands of underground work.
Thesis (MSc (Occupational Hygiene))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.
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Peng, Jun, and 彭軍. "Effects of strain gradient on maximun concrete stress and flexural capacity of normal-strength RC members." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43085787.

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Peng, Jun. "Effects of strain gradient on maximun concrete stress and flexural capacity of normal-strength RC members." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B43085787.

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Books on the topic "Strain capacity"

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Office, General Accounting. Child welfare: Complex needs strain capacity to provide services : report to Congressional committees. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1995.

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Aminoff, Tatiana. Muscle mass and age as factors influencing physical work capacity and strain in dynamic exercise. Helsinki: Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, 1999.

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Larry, Sobel, and Langley Research Center, eds. Novel composites for wing and fuselage applications: Speedy Nonlinear Analysis of Postbuckled Panels in Shear (SNAPPS) : under contract NAS1-18784. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1997.

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Larry, Sobel, and Langley Research Center, eds. Novel composites for wing and fuselage applications: Speedy Nonlinear Analysis of Postbuckled Panels in Shear (SNAPPS) : under contract NAS1-18784. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1997.

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Davies, Aled. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198804116.003.0006.

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The aim of this book has been to evaluate the relationship between Britain’s financial sector, based in the City of London, and the social democratic economic strategy of post-war Britain. The central argument presented in the book was that changes to the City during the 1960s and 1970s undermined a number of the key post-war social democratic techniques designed to sustain and develop a modern industrial economy. Financial institutionalization weakened the state’s ability to influence investment, and the labour movement was unable successfully to integrate the institutionalized funds within a renewed social democratic economic agenda. The post-war settlement in banking came under strain in the 1960s as new banking and credit institutions developed that the state struggled to manage. This was exacerbated by the decision to introduce competition among the clearing banks in 1971, which further weakened the state’s capacity to control the provision and allocation of credit to the real economy. The resurrection of an unregulated global capital market, centred on London, overwhelmed the capacity of the state to pursue domestic-focused macroeconomic policies—a problem worsened by the concurrent collapse of the Bretton Woods international monetary system. Against this background, the fundamental social democratic assumption that national prosperity could be achieved only through industry-led growth and modernization was undermined by an effective campaign to reconceptualize Britain as a fundamentally financial and commercial nation with the City of London at its heart....
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Straus, Joseph. Representing the Extraordinary Body. Edited by Blake Howe, Stephanie Jensen-Moulton, Neil Lerner, and Joseph Straus. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199331444.013.45.

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Art historian Tobin Siebers has recently argued that modern visual art is centrally concerned with representing and finding new sorts of beauty in the fractured, disfigured, disabled human body. This essay asks whether the modern in music manifests itself as disability. Focusing on the Stravinskian strand of musical modernism and taking the second of his Three Pieces for String Quartet as a case study, this essay notes that the music can be understood as representing disability in its shape and appearance, its movements, and its implicit mental capacity and affect. Stravinsky’s description of this music as his effort to represent musically the appearance and “the jerky, spastic movements” of a famous music hall performer, Little Tich, whose small stature was perceived by contemporary observers as a grotesque deformation, suggests the music may be understood not only to represent disability generically and metaphorically but also to represent a particular disabled body.
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Series, Michigan Historical Reprint. Formulas and tables for architect and engineers in calculating the strains and capacity of structures in iron and wood,. Scholarly Publishing Office, University of Michigan Library, 2005.

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Sweet, Alec Stone, and Clare Ryan. Beyond Borders. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198825340.003.0007.

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This chapter charts the growing capacity of the European Court to protect the rights of those who are not citizens of member states of the Council of Europe. The Court’s sustained commitment to robustly enforcing the right to life, the prohibition of torture and inhuman treatment, and the right to a court and judicial remedy facilitated the development of three strains of cosmopolitan jurisprudence. The first operationalizes the Kantian principle of hospitality, covering expulsion, extradition, and the treatment of refugees. The second extends protections to persons whose rights have been violated by states who are not parties to the Convention, or by state parties exercising jurisdiction outside of Convention territory. The third instantiates dialogues with other treaty-based regimes when it comes to overlapping obligations to protect rights. These dialogues suggest that constitutional pluralism is an emergent property of the structure of international law beyond Europe.
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Reid, Hugh W., and Mark P. Dagleish. Poxviruses. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198570028.003.0040.

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The poxviruses are a large family of complex viruses infecting many species of vertebrates as well as arthropods, and members of the three genera Orthopoxvirus, Yatapoxvirus and Parapoxvirus are the cause of sporadic zoonotic infections originating from both wildlife and domestic livestock. Infections of humans are generally associated with localized lesions, regarded as inconvenient rather than life-threatening, although severe illnesses have occurred, particularly in immunologically compromised individuals.The most celebrated of the orthopoxvirus infections is cowpox — a zoonotic infection which has been exploited to the enormous benefit of mankind as it had a pivotal role in the initiation of vaccination strategies that eventually led to the eradication of smallpox. Cowpox occurs only in Eurasia and in recent years it has become evident that infection of cattle is fortuitous and the reservoir of infection is in wild rodents. Monkeypox is another orthopoxvirus causing zoonotic infections in central and west Africa resembling smallpox and is the most serious disease in this category. While monkeypox does not readily spread between people, the potential of the virus to adapt to man is of concern and necessitates sustained surveillance in enzootic areas.The third orthopoxvirus zoonoses of importance is buffalopox in the Indian subcontinent, which is probably a strain of vaccinia that has been maintained in buffalo for at least 30 years following the cessation of vaccination of the human population. Likewise in Brazil, in recent years widespread outbreaks of vaccinia have occurred in milkers and their cattle.Orf virus, the most common of the parapoxviruses to cause zoonotic infection, is largely restricted to those in direct contact with domestic sheep and goats. Generally, infection is associated with a single localized macule affecting the hand which resolves without complications. Infection would appear to be prevalent in all sheep and goat populations and human orf is a relatively common occupational hazard. Sporadic parapoxvirus infections of man also occur following contact with cattle infected with pseudocowpoxvirus, and wildlife, in particular seals.A final serious consideration with the poxvirus zoonoses is the clinical similarity of such infections with smallpox. In view of the potential for smallpox virus to be employed by bio-terrorists there can be an urgency for laboratory confirmation of unexplained zoonotic poxvirus infections. Thus there is a requirement to maintain the capacity for rapid confirmation of poxvirus infections by molecular technique. As representatives of the known poxviruses have all been sequenced, generic and virus specific Polymerase Chain Reactions (PCR) can readily be performed to ensure rapid confirmation of any suspect infection.
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Pillai, Jagan A., and Jeffrey L. Cummings. Conclusions on Neurodegenerative Disorders. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190233563.003.0019.

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Neurodegenerative diseases strip an individual of his or her cognitive powers, functional capacity, and autonomy while increasing dependence on others. They are an existential threat to an aging society in its ability to provide a meaningful and high quality of life to all its citizens. The classical view of neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs) emphasized the distinctness of each NDD ,with a definable clinical syndrome of neurological deficits, behavioral changes, and progressive functional decline, underpinned by inexorable neuronal loss that is pathological for the age of the subject. Neurodegenerative Disorders: Unifying Principles has covered each of these themes from multiple expert domains to basic science to clinical therapeutics. This detailed overview emphasizes the work recently accomplished to uncover shared themes across NDDs and further posits questions for the future.
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Book chapters on the topic "Strain capacity"

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Zhan, Kaili, Jiangtao Yu, Yichao Wang, and Kequan Yu. "Development of Cementitious Composites with Tensile Strain Capacity up to 10%." In Strain-Hardening Cement-Based Composites, 147–53. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1194-2_17.

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Estevenon, A. M., and N. Sicard. "Excision-Repair Capacity in UV Irradiated Strains of S. pneumoniae." In Photobiology, 149–54. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3732-8_18.

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Dzyuba, Viktor A., and Alena V. Shevchenko. "Bearing Capacity of Built-Up Structures of Multi-storey Buildings, Taking into Account Ultimate Concrete Strains and Shear Braces." In Current Problems and Ways of Industry Development: Equipment and Technologies, 157–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69421-0_17.

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Martínez-Romero, E., I. Hernández-Lucas, J. J. Peña-Cabriales, and J. Z. Castellanos. "Symbiotic performance of some modified Rhizobium etli strains in assays with Phaseolus vulgaris beans that have a high capacity to fix N2." In Molecular Microbial Ecology of the Soil, 89–94. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2321-3_8.

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Ge, Zhi, Wei Hao, Xinsheng Wu, and Renjuan Sun. "Strain sensing capacity of multifunctional cementitious material." In Functional Pavement Design, 1375–79. CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315643274-151.

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Zejiao, D., L. Hao, T. Yiqiu, and C. Fengchen. "Application of FBG strain sensors in the measurement of three-directional strains within asphalt pavement." In Bearing Capacity of Roads, Railways and Airfields. CRC Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203865286.ch46.

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Jing, P., C. Chazallon, and H. Nowamooz. "Unsaturated resilient strain behaviours of a granular material." In Bearing Capacity of Roads, Railways and Airfields, 93–100. CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315100333-13.

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Robbins, M. M., D. H. Timm, and K. A. Tutu. "Backcalculation of asphalt concrete moduli using field-measured strain." In Bearing Capacity of Roads, Railways and Airfields, 719–26. CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315100333-95.

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Jostad, H., and L. Andresen. "Bearing capacity analysis of anisotropic and strain-softening clays." In Numerical Models in Geomechanics, 469–74. Taylor & Francis, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781439833797-c69.

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"Application of FBG strain sensors in the measurement of three-directional strains within asphalt pavement." In Bearing Capacity of Roads, Railways and Airfields, Two Volume Set, 1221–28. CRC Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203865286-142.

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Conference papers on the topic "Strain capacity"

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Tang, Huang, Doug Fairchild, Michele Panico, Justin Crapps, and Wentao Cheng. "Strain Capacity Prediction of Strain-Based Pipelines." In 2014 10th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2014-33749.

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Strain-based design (SBD) is used to complement conventional allowable stress design for pipelines operated in environments with potentially large ground movements such as those found in permafrost and seismically active regions. Reliable and accurate prediction of tensile strain capacity (TSC) plays a critical role in strain-based design. As reported previously over the past 6+ years, a comprehensive experimental and numerical program was undertaken to characterize the TSC of welded pipelines, develop a finite element analysis (FEA) approach and equations capable of predicting TSC, and establish a strain-based engineering critical assessment (SBECA) methodology. The previous FEA model and TSC equations were validated against about 50 full-scale pipe strain capacity tests and are accurate within the validated variable ranges. In the current paper, enhancements of the previous model and equations are described. The enhancements include incorporation of advanced damage mechanics modeling into TSC prediction, development of a new TSC equation, expansion of variable ranges and functionality upgrades. The new model and equation are applicable over larger ranges of material properties and flaw sizes. The new FEA model is also used to establish surface flaw interaction rules for SBD. The new FEA model is validated against more than 40 full-scale non-pressurized and pressurized tests and underpins the development of the new TSC equation. The equation is validated against a total of 93 full-scale tests (FST). In addition to the enhancements, sample applications of the TSC model and equation are presented in the paper, for example, an investigation of the effects on strain capacity of Lüders strain and ductile tearing. Challenges in predicting TSC are also addressed.
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Suzuki, Nobuhisa, Joe Kondo, Nobuyuki Ishikawa, Mitsuru Okatsu, and Junji Shimamura. "Strain Capacity of X80 High-Strain Line Pipes." In ASME 2007 26th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2007-29505.

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Two compression tests and two bending tests of X80 high-strain line pipes were conducted to investigate the compression capacity and the bending capacity. The high-strain line pipes had the outside diameter of 762 mm (30”) and the D/t ratio of 49. The compression tests revealed that the pipes had the critical compressive strains of 0.90 and 0.78%. The bending tests of the pipes clarified that the 2D average critical compressive strains were 2.40 and 2.15% and the 1D average were 2.67 and 2.28%. The analytical solutions gave very fine predictions about the critical compressive stress and strain of the pipes subjected to axial compression. Based on the FEA results, while almost no effects of the geometric imperfections on the compression capacity were recognized, the effects of the geometric imperfections on the bending capacity were significant.
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Liu, Bing, X. J. Liu, and Hong Zhang. "Tensile Strain Capacity of Pipelines for Strain-Based Design." In 2008 7th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2008-64031.

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Traditional pipeline design methods presented in various codes are usually based on limit stress criteria. However, these methods may be inapposite to modern steels, especially for displacement controlled loads such as ground displacement load. The design of pipelines for plastic strain should account for both tension strain limit and compression strain limit along the axial direction of the pipe. In tension, the issues relate to the failure modes of plastic collapse or fracture. Tensile axial strain of the pipe often results in rupturing. The capacity of tensile axial strain of the pipe is affected by a large number of factors: D/t ratio, Y/T ratio, internal pressure, girth weld effect, and defect size and location. Consequently, full solutions for tensile strain limits related to above-mentioned factors do not yet exist in codes and standards. In recent years, a number of projects have been funded to develop a quantitative determination of tensile strain limits in China. This paper covers the technical basis of the procedures. The development of the quantitative approach to tensile strain limits involves both experimental tests and finite element analyses, and the process is as follows. Firstly, a series of curved wide plate tests under the axial tensile strain have been done, especially including more than 60 girth weld specimens with not only buried or surface defects but also various defect-sizes and defect-locations. Based on these test data and other available experiment data of full scale tests under the axial tensile strain and internal pressure loading, a valid finite element model has been found. Then a total of 110 finite element analyses produced a lot of data for a wide range of material, D/T ratios, various defect sizes or locations, buried or surface defects, and various internal pressures. So some parametric equations can be developed from finite element analyses. The safety factors and appropriate limits for the parametric equations have been identified against much more experimental data. It is believed that the approach to axial tensile strain limit presented in this paper may lay the initial basis for the quantitative determination of tensile strain limits to pipelines.
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Liu, Bing, X. J. Liu, and Hong Zhang. "Compressive Strain Capacity of Pipelines for Strain-Based Design." In 2008 7th International Pipeline Conference. ASME, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2008-64030.

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Igi, Satoshi, Joe Kondo, Nobuhisa Suzuki, Joe Zhou, and Da-Ming Duan. "Strain Capacity of X100 High-Strain Linepipe for Strain-Based Design Application." In 2008 7th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2008-64518.

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In recent years, several natural gas pipeline projects have been planned for permafrost regions. Pipelines laid in such areas are subjected to large plastic deformation as a result of ground movement due to repeated thawing and freezing of the frozen ground. Likewise, in pipeline design methods, research on application of strain-based design as an alternative to the conventional stress-based design method has begun. Much effort has been devoted to the application of strain-based design to high strength linepipe materials. In order to verify the applicability of high-strain X100 linepipe to long distance transmission, a large-scale X100 pipeline was constructed using linepipe with an OD of 42″ and wall thickness of 14.3mm. This paper presents the results of experiments and Finite Element Analysis (FEA) focusing on the strain capacity of high-strain X100 linepipes. The critical compressive strain of X100 high-strain linepipes is discussed based on the results of FEA taking into account geometric imperfections. The critical tensile strain for high-strain X100 pipelines is obtained based on a curved wide plate (CWP) tensile test using specimens taken from girth welded joints. Specifically, the effect of external coating treatment on the strain capacity of X100 high-strain linepipe is investigated. The strain capacity of the 42″ X100 pipeline is considered by comparing the tensile strain limit obtained from girth weld fracture and critical compressive strain which occurs in local buckling under pure bending deformation.
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Liu, Ming, Yong-Yi Wang, and Laurie Collins. "Tensile Strain Capacity of Spiral Pipes." In 2012 9th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2012-90661.

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Pipelines may experience high longitudinal strains from seismic events, frost heave, thaw settlement, unstable slopes, and mine subsidence, etc.. Those strains could be well beyond the elastic limit of the materials and the strain based design (SBD) criteria must be used. Most work on the SBD in recent years has been focused on the straight long seam pipes. The application of the SBD principles to the spiral pipes has not been examined. Spiral-welded pipes are widely used for long-distance transmission pipelines. These pipes have a demonstrated history of satisfactory service. However, the performance of the spiral pipes under large longitudinal strains is not well understood. The focus of this paper is the tensile strain capacity of spiral pipes. The crack driving forces of flaws in spiral welds under longitudinal tension strains were analyzed for X80 pipes. Unlike the girth weld flaws which see primarily mode-I crack driving forces, the spiral weld flaws see mode-I and mode III mixed crack driving forces. The mode-I and mode-III driving force components vary with the spiral angles and pressure conditions. It is found that the application of the internal pressure can greatly increase the mode-I component and the total crack driving forces.
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Tkaczyk, Tomasz, Daniil Vasilikis, and Aurelien Pepin. "Effect of Pre-Strain on Bending Strain Capacity of Mechanically Lined Pipe." In ASME 2020 39th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2020-18450.

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Abstract The high demand for subsea transportation of corrosive wellhead produced fluids has created interest in economical mechanically lined pipes (MLP) made of external carbon steel and a thin internal layer of corrosion resistant alloy (CRA). The bending strain capacity of an MLP, where a CRA liner is adhered to a carbon steel host pipe by means of an interference fit, is often governed by the liner wrinkling limit state. Although the strain capacity of the MLP with a typical 3 mm thick liner is enough to withstand bending to strains encountered during installation with the S-lay or J-lay method, the liner is at risk of wrinkling when the MLP is subjected to higher bending strains during reel-lay. To allow reeled installation, the liner strain capacity is enhanced by either increasing the liner thickness or pressurizing the MLP during installation. In the former approach, the required liner thickness is proportional to the pipe diameter. For larger diameter MLPs, it is therefore often more economical to select a 3 mm thick liner and flood and pressurize an MLP to ensure liner stability during reeling. However, the MLP may need to be depressurized and partially drained during installation to allow welding a structure, performing reel-to-reel connection or pipeline recovery which impose bending strain on a plastically pre-strained and depressurized pipeline. Furthermore, reeled pipelines may be depressurized subsea while subjected to bending loads from operation. Although there is a history of research into the limit loads and failure modes of MLPs, there is still no comprehensive guidance on determining the risk of liner wrinkling in plastically pre-strained MLPs. In this paper, an approach is proposed for evaluating the strain capacity and assessing the risk of liner wrinkling after an MLP, subjected to plastic bending during reeled installation at elevated pressure, is depressurized and subjected to installation loads during offshore intervention or operational loading in service. The combined effect of strain history at elevated pressure, reeling-induced ovality, bending direction after depressurization, differential pressure, temperature and residual strain is discussed. The recommendations for further work are also given.
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Kibey, Sandeep, Xiangyu Wang, Karel Minnaar, Mario L. Macia, Doug P. Fairchild, Wan C. Kan, Steve J. Ford, and Brian Newbury. "Tensile Strain Capacity Equations for Strain-Based Design of Welded Pipelines." In 2010 8th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2010-31661.

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Various industry efforts are underway to improve or develop new methods to address the design of pipelines in harsh arctic or seismically active regions. Reliable characterization of tensile strain capacity of welded pipelines is a key issue in development of strain-based design methodologies. Recently, improved FEA-based approaches for prediction of tensile strain capacity have been developed. However, these FEA-based approaches require complex, computationally intensive modeling and analyses. Parametric studies can provide an approach towards developing practical, efficient methods for strain capacity prediction. This paper presents closed-form, simplified strain capacity equations developed through a large-scale 3D FEA-based parametric study for welded pipelines. A non-dimensional parameter is presented to relate the influence of flaw and pipe geometry parameters to tensile strain capacity. The required input parameters, their limits of applicability and simplified equations for tensile strain capacity are presented. The equations are validated through a comprehensive full-scale test program to measure the strain capacity of pressurized pipelines spanning a range of pipe grades, thickness, weld overmatch and misalignment levels. It is shown that the current simplified equations can be used for appropriate specification of weld and pipe materials properties, design concept selection and the design of full-scale tests for strain-based design qualification. The equations can also provide the basis for codified strain-based design engineering critical assessment procedures for welded pipelines.
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Kenny, Shawn, Robin Gordon, and Greg Swank. "Alternative Compressive Strain Capacity Performance Limits for Strain Based Design Applications." In 2016 11th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2016-64359.

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Existing industry standards have established the compressive strain capacity of pipelines within an empirical basis. The compressive strain capacity is generally associated with the peak moment. This approach has evolved from elastic stability concepts used in structural engineering for unrestrained pipe segments subject to primary loading (i.e. force or load control) conditions. This limiting condition does not take advantage of the observed performance for buried pipelines, when subjected to displacement control events such as differential ground movement, where the pipe curvature can exceed the peak moment response without loss of pressure containment integrity. This inherent conservatism may have a negative impact on project economics or sanction where the compressive strain capacity, rather than tensile rupture limits, governs the strain based design methodology. For these conditions, alternative performance limits defining the pipe compressive strain capacity are required. A numerical study was conducted, using finite element methods, to examine possible alternative compressive strain criteria for use in strain-based design applications. The results from this study and the requirements to bring these concepts forward through integration with industry recommended practice are presented.
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Wang, Haitao, Lingkang Ji, Hongyuan Chen, Chenshuai Huang, Yang Li, and He Li. "Strain-Hardening Capacity and Microstructure Analysis of X70 High Strain Line Pipe." In International Conference on Pipelines and Trenchless Technology. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784412619.138.

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Reports on the topic "Strain capacity"

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Ebeling, Robert, Barry White, James Evans, Richard Haskins, and Ernest Miller. Corrosion induced loss of capacity of post-tensioned seven wire strand cable used in multistrand anchor systems installed at Corps projects. Information Technology Laboratory (U.S.), April 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/21664.

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EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION INTO THE CAPACITY OF COLD-FORMED SCREWED STEEL STRAP BRACING CONNECTIONS. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, January 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/ijasc.2018.14.4.3.

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