Journal articles: 'Strain field analysis'

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Elguedj, Thomas, Julien Réthoré, and Aurélien Buteri. "Isogeometric analysis for strain field measurements." Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 200, no. 1-4 (January 2011): 40–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2010.07.012.

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Iliopoulos, Athanasios, and John G. Michopoulos. "Direct strain tensor approximation for full-field strain measurement methods." International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 95, no. 4 (June 24, 2013): 313–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.4509.

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Osek, J., and P. Gallien. "Molecular analysis of Escherichia coli O157 strains isolated from cattle and pigs by the use of PCR and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis methods." Veterinární Medicína 47, No. 6 (March 30, 2012): 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5819-vetmed.

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Fourteen Escherichia coli O157 strains isolated from cattle and pigs in Poland and in Germany were investigated, using PCR, for the genetic markers associated with Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC). Only two strains, both of cattle origin, were positive for the fliC (H7) gene and could be classified as O157 : H7. Nine isolates had stx shiga toxin genes, either stx1 (1 strain), stx2 (4 isolates) or both (4 strains). The stx2-carrying samples were further subtyped by PCR for the stx2c, stx2d, and stx2e toxin variants. It was shown that all but one stx2-positive bacteria possessed the stx2c Shiga toxin gene type and one stx2 STEC isolate had the stx2d virulence factor sub-type. The eaeA (intimin) gene was found in 9 strains (8 isolates from cattle and one strain from pigs); all of them harboured the genetic marker characteristic of the gamma intimin variant. The translocated intimin receptor (tir) gene was detected in 7 isolates tested and among them only one tir-positive strain was recovered from pigs. The ehly E. coli enterohemolysin gene was amplified in all but one strains obtained from cattle and only in one isolate of porcine origin. The genetic relatedness of the analysed E. coli O157 strains was examined by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of chromosomal DNA digested with XbaI. Two distinct but related RFLP pattern clusters were observed: one with 9 strains (8 isolates of bovine origin and one strain obtained from pigs) and the other one comprises the remaining 5 E. coli isolates (4 of porcine origin and one strain recovered from cattle). The results suggest that pigs, besides cattle, may be a reservoir of E. coli O157 strains potentially pathogenic to humans. Moreover, epidemiologically unrelated isolates of the O157 serogroup, recovered from different animal species, showed a clonal relationship as demonstrated by the RFLP analysis.

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Madsen, Melissa L., Michael J. Oneal, Stuart W. Gardner, Erin L. Strait, Dan Nettleton, Eileen L. Thacker, and F. Chris Minion. "Array-Based Genomic Comparative Hybridization Analysis of Field Strains of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae." Journal of Bacteriology 189, no. 22 (September 14, 2007): 7977–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01068-07.

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ABSTRACT Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is the causative agent of porcine enzootic pneumonia and a major factor in the porcine respiratory disease complex. A clear understanding of the mechanisms of pathogenesis does not exist, although it is clear that M. hyopneumoniae adheres to porcine ciliated epithelium by action of a protein called P97. Previous studies have shown variation in the gene encoding the P97 cilium adhesin in different strains of M. hyopneumoniae, but the extent of genetic variation among field strains across the genome is not known. Since M. hyopneumoniae is a worldwide problem, it is reasonable to expect that a wide range of genetic variability may exist given all of the different breeds and housing conditions. This variation may impact the overall virulence of a single strain. Using microarray technology, this study examined the potential variation of 14 field strains compared to strain 232, on which the array was based. Genomic DNA was obtained, amplified with TempliPhi, and labeled indirectly with Alexa dyes. After genomic hybridization, the arrays were scanned and data were analyzed using a linear statistical model. The results indicated that genetic variation could be detected in all 14 field strains but across different loci, suggesting that variation occurs throughout the genome. Fifty-nine percent of the variable loci were hypothetical genes. Twenty-two percent of the lipoprotein genes showed variation in at least one field strain. A permutation test identified a location in the M. hyopneumoniae genome where there is spatial clustering of variability between the field strains and strain 232.

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Indik, S., and L. Valíček. "Differentiation of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus European vaccine strains from Czech field isolates by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of ORF5 gene." Veterinární Medicína 47, No. 10 - 11 (March 30, 2012): 295–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5838-vetmed.

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Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of open reading frame 5 was developed for typing of Czech strains of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). The set of restriction enzymes Acc I, Hae II and SnaB I allowed the differentiation of heterogeneous Czech strains of PRRSV clustered separately in the phylogenetic tree. The high-passage strain V-502 (164) was also differentiated from its parent strain V-502. The same restriction enzymes could distinguish the European-type vaccine strains Porcilis PRRS and Pyrsvac-183, registered inCzechRepublic, from the Czech field isolates. The published ORF5 nucleotide sequences allowed us to presume that it will also be possible to distinguish most of European field strains from vaccine strains. PCR-based RFLP analysis can become a valuable tool in epidemiological studies of PRRSV inEurope.

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Gorodetskyi, Oleksandr, Markus Hütter, and Marc G. D. Geers. "Detecting precursors of localization by strain-field analysis." Mechanics of Materials 110 (July 2017): 84–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mechmat.2017.05.001.

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Reiter, M., G. Singer, and Z. Major. "Full-field Strain Analysis of a Ski Boot." EPJ Web of Conferences 6 (2010): 12007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/20100612007.

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Mistou, Sébastien, Marina Fazzini, and Moussa Karama. "Shear Test on CFRP Full-Field Measurement and Finite Element Analysis." Advanced Materials Research 112 (May 2010): 49–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.112.49.

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The purpose of this work is to study the Iosipescu shear test and more precisely its ability to characterize the shear modulus of a carbone/epoxy composite material. The parameters influencing this identification are the fibre orientation, the geometry of the notch and the boundary conditions. Initially these parameters were studied through the finite element analysis of the shear test. Then, the measurement of the shear strains was carried out by traditional methods of measurement (strain gauges) but also by optical methods. These optical methods: the digital image correlation and the electronic speckle pattern interferometry (ESPI); allow for various levels of loading, to reach a full-field measurement of the shear strain. This enabled us to study the strain distribution on the section between the two notches. The finite element model enabled us to study the parameters influencing the calculation of the shear modulus in comparison with strain gauges, image correlation and ESPI. This work makes it possible to conclude on optimal parameters for the Iosipescu test.

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Colombo, A., P. A. Cahill, and C. Lally. "An analysis of the strain field in biaxial Flexcell membranes for different waveforms and frequencies." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine 222, no. 8 (November 1, 2008): 1235–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544119jeim428.

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Mechanical stimuli have been shown to affect cell behaviour in terms of proliferation, apoptosis, and protein expression. In terms of cardiovascular diseases, for example, endothelial and smooth muscle cells exposed to an abnormal strain environment have been associated with atherosclerosis and in-stent restenosis. The FX-4000™ system (Flexercell® Tension Plus System, Flexcell Corporation, McKeesport, Pennsylvania, USA) is an in-vitro system that is widely used to strain cells in order to evaluate their response to strain. The precision, accuracy, and repeatability of the strains controlled by the system are therefore crucial to analyse and interpret the results confidently. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanical behaviour of the FX-4000™ Flexercell® six-well-plate silicon membranes for static and dynamic cyclic strains by measuring the maximum peak strain and analysing the change in the membrane deformation after cyclic strain for 0 h, 24 h, and 48 h at different strain amplitudes and frequencies. The results of the tests conducted demonstrate notable differences between the measured strains of the membranes in comparison with both the inputs and the outputs of the Flexcell® software. The calibration method used by Flexcell® International assumes that the strain values determined for a given vacuum pressure on the silicone membranes are reliable for different waveforms and frequencies. The data reported here clearly indicate that this is not the case. The results indicate that a unique calibration pressure—strain curve must be determined for each test given the viscoelastic nature of the Flexcell system. A new method to calibrate the machine in house was applied using new pressure—strain equations. This new calibration method has been presented and should enable researchers using the Flexcell® machine to set up their cell experiments more accurately.

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Kriven, W. M. "Strain analysis in composite ceramics." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 44 (August 1986): 494–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100144012.

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Significant progress towards a fundamental understanding of transformation toughening in composite zirconia ceramics was made possible by the application of a TEM contrast analysis technique for imaging elastic strains. Spherical zirconia particles dispersed in a large-grained alumina matrix were examined by 1 MeV HVEM to simulate bulk conditions. A thermal contraction mismatch arose on cooling from the processing temperature of 1500°C to RT. Tetragonal ZrO2 contracted amisotropically with α(ct) = 16 X 10-6/°C and α(at) = 11 X 10-6/°C and faster than Al2O3 which contracted relatively isotropically at α = 8 X 10-6/°C. A volume increase of +4.9% accompanied the transformation to monoclinic symmetry at room temperature. The elastic strain field surrounding a particle before transformation was 3-dimensionally correlated with the internal crystallographic orientation of the particle and with the strain field after transformation. The aim of this paper is to theoretically and experimentally describe this technique using the ZrO2 as an example and thereby to illustrate the experimental requirements Tor such an analysis in other systems.

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Liu, Li Wu, Jiu Ming Fan, Zhen Zhang, Liang Shi, Yan Ju Liu, and Jin Song Leng. "Analysis of the Novel Strain Responsive Actuators of Silicone Dielectric Elastomer." Advanced Materials Research 47-50 (June 2008): 298–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.47-50.298.

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The acrylic acid and silicone are common dielectric elastomer materials. These actuators have shown excellent activate properties including large strains up to 380% and high energy densities up to 3.4 J/g, high efficiency, high responsive speed , good reliability and durability, etc. When a voltage is applied on the compliant electrodes of the dielectric elastomers, the polymer shrinks along with the electric field and expands in the plain area which erects the orientation of the line. In this paper, we synthesize a novel silicone dielectric elastomer with high dielectric constant, large strain and high force output. Pre-strain and certain driving electric field are applied on the novel silicone film, respectively. The strain responsing to the Maxwell stress is measured. Using the large deformation theory of finite element method to simulate the deformable behavior of materials, the simulation results agree with the experiment. The coupling effect of the mechanics and electric fields applied on the electrode of the dielectric elastomers is inverstigated. The finite element simulation of large deformation theory can be used to describe the dielectric elastomers materials large deformation that induced by the static electric field.

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Hu, Shoufeng, and N. J. Pagano. "On the Use of a Plane-Strain Model to Solve Generalized Plane-Strain Problems." Journal of Applied Mechanics 64, no. 1 (March 1, 1997): 236–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2787280.

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Many composite problems are generalized plane strain in nature. They are often solved using three-dimensional finite element analyses. We propose a technique to solve these problems with a plane-strain model, which is achieved by introducing some artificial out-of-plane thermal strains in a two-dimensional finite element analysis. These artificial thermal strains are chosen such that an identical stress field is obtained, while the actual strains and displacements can also be determined.

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Causse, M., C. Cornou, and J. Bécasse. "Rupture velocity inferred from near-field shear strain analysis." Geophysical Journal International 199, no. 3 (October 17, 2014): 1709–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggu353.

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Abstract We propose a new technique to determine the rupture velocity of large strike slip earthquakes. By means of simple numerical ground motion simulations, we show that when the rupture penetrates a shallow layer of sediment or fractured rock, shock waves propagate along the surface fault trace in the forward rupture direction. Such shock waves, which are insensitive to the complexity of slip over the fault plane, propagate at a phase velocity equal to the rupture speed. We show that those shock waves can be easily isolated in the frequency domain, and that phase velocity can then be simply obtained from shear strain.

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Ozbey, G., Ertas HB, and A. Muz. "Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale strains isolated from chickens in Turkey." Veterinární Medicína 50, No. 12 (March 28, 2012): 526–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5660-vetmed.

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Six field strains of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale isolated from chickens in Elazig province located in the East of Turkey were typed by serotyping and random amplified polymorphic DNA assay using a random primer (OPG-11). Using the AGP test used for serotyping, serotype A was found to be the predominant serotype, only one strain was serotyped as serotype B. By RAPD assay, the tested ORT strains were found to have different RAPD profiles. In addition, the RAPD assay showed almost similar DNA profiles among the tested strains of the serotypes A, B, D and E. The strain of serotype C did give a different RAPD profile. Within strains of the same serotype (A), different profiles were found but the strain of serotype (B) had an identical profile as strains of serotype A. This study suggests that more genotypes of ORT strains are present within the same serotype and thus that no relationship exists between the RAPD pattern of ORT and their serotype.

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Du, Zhihong, Xinhua Ni, Xiequan Liu, and Cheng Chen. "The damage strain field analysis of triangular symmetrical composite eutectic." World Journal of Engineering 13, no. 1 (February 8, 2016): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wje-02-2016-012.

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Purpose According to the microstructural characteristics of composite ceramic, the strain field distribution regularity of triangular symmetrical composite eutectic is obtained from the stress field distribution regularity of three-phase element in composite ceramic. In allusion to the damage of composite eutectic, it is introduced as a variable in this paper with the aim to determine the strain field distribution regularity of triangular symmetrical composite eutectic with damage behavior. Design/methodology/approach On the basis of the relationship between strain field and fiber inclusions volume fraction, the strain field of composite eutectic is analyzed. Findings The strain field of composite ceramic is distinctly dependent on the fiber inclusions volume fraction, fiber diameter and damage behavior of composite eutectic by quantitative analysis. The strain in matrix parallel to eutectic is the maximum linear strain and the main factor for the damage and fracture of eutectics. Originality/value The foundation of the strength research of composite eutectic is laid.

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Jung, Hae-Min, Jung-Sook Lee, Heon-Meen Bae, Tae-Hoo Yi, Se-Young Kim, Sung-Taik Lee, and Wan-Taek Im. "Inquilinus ginsengisoli sp. nov., isolated from soil of a ginseng field." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 61, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 201–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.018689-0.

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A Gram-reaction-negative, chemo-organotrophic, non-motile, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium (strain Gsoil 080T) was isolated from soil collected in a ginseng field in Pocheon Province, South Korea, and was investigated by using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain Gsoil 080T was related most closely to Inquilinus limosus strains AU0476T and AU1979 (98.9 % similarity to both). Strain Gsoil 080T shared ≤91.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the type strains of other recognized species examined. The genus Inquilinus belongs to the family Rhodospirillaceae in the order Rhodospirillales, class Alphaproteobacteria. The predominant ubiquinone was Q-10 and the major fatty acids were summed feature 7 (C18 : 1 ω9c/ω12t/ω7c) and C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c. The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain Gsoil 080T was 69.9 mol%. The level of DNA–DNA relatedness between strain Gsoil 080T and I. limosus LMG 20952T was 12 %. The results of genotypic analyses in combination with chemotaxonomic and physiological data demonstrated that strain Gsoil 080T represents a novel species of the genus Inquilinus, for which the name Inquilinus ginsengisoli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Gsoil 080T (=KCTC 12574T =LMG 23638T).

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Srinivasan, Sathiyaraj, Myung Kyum Kim, Gayathri Sathiyaraj, Yeon-Ju Kim, and Deok-Chun Yang. "Pusillimonas ginsengisoli sp. nov., isolated from soil of a ginseng field." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 60, no. 8 (August 1, 2010): 1783–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.018358-0.

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Two novel strains of Gram-negative, non-sporulating, short rod-shaped, motile bacteria, designated DCY25T and DCY28, were isolated from soil of a ginseng field in South Korea and characterized in order to determine their taxonomic position. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strains DCY25T and DCY28 belonged to the Betaproteobacteria, the highest sequence similarities being found with Pusillimonas noertemannii BN9T (96.9 %), Bordetella trematum DSM 11334T (95.9 %), Achromobacter denitrificans DSM 30026T (95.9 %), Achromobacter insolitus LMG 6003T (95.8 %) and Pigmentiphaga kullae K24T (95.5 %). Chemotaxonomic data revealed that both strains DCY25T and DCY28 possessed ubiquinone Q-8. Fatty acid analysis of strain DCY25T demonstrated the presence of 19 : 0 cyclo ω8c (22.8 %) and 16 : 0 (16.6 %). The polar lipid profiles of strains DCY25T and DCY28 included phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unknown aminolipids and diphosphatidylglycerol. The G+C contents of strains DCY25T and DCY28 were 57.3 and 57.2 mol%, respectively. DNA–DNA relatedness values, biochemical and physiological characteristics strongly supported the genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strains DCY25T and DCY28 from Pusillimonas noertemannii. Therefore, strains DCY25T and DCY28 should be classified in a novel species, for which the name Pusillimonas ginsengisoli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DCY25T (=KCTC 22046T =JCM 14767T); strain DCY28 (=KCTC 22047=JCM 14768) is a reference strain.

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Tynkkynen, Soile, Reetta Satokari, Maria Saarela, Tiina Mattila-Sandholm, and Maija Saxelin. "Comparison of Ribotyping, Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA Analysis, and Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis in Typing ofLactobacillus rhamnosus and L. caseiStrains." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65, no. 9 (September 1, 1999): 3908–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.65.9.3908-3914.1999.

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ABSTRACT A total of 24 strains, biochemically identified as members of theLactobacillus casei group, were identified by PCR with species-specific primers. The same set of strains was typed by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis, ribotyping, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) in order to compare the discriminatory power of the methods. Species-specific primers for L. rhamnosusand L. casei identified the type strain L. rhamnosus ATCC 7469 and the neotype strain L. caseiATCC 334, respectively, but did not give any signal with the recently revived species L. zeae, which contains the type strain ATCC 15820 and the strain ATCC 393, which was previously classified asL. casei. Our results are in accordance with the suggested new classification of the L. casei group. Altogether, 21 of the 24 strains studied were identified with the species-specific primers. In strain typing, PFGE was the most discriminatory method, revealing 17 genotypes for the 24 strains studied. Ribotyping and RAPD analysis yielded 15 and 12 genotypes, respectively.

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Silvestri, V., and C. Tabib. "A re-examination of the strain field around a simple pile." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 31, no. 2 (April 1, 1994): 303–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t94-035.

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This technical note describes the analysis of the strain field around a simple pile. The analytical solution is obtained by using a spherical coordinate system of reference. It is shown that the expressions for the various strains are very simple. Streaming motions and octahedral shear strain contours are presented in graphical forms. Key words : simple pile, streaming motion, strain field.

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Best, T. M., J. H. McElhaney, W. E. Garrett, and B. S. Myers. "Axial Strain Measurements in Skeletal Muscle at Various Strain Rates." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 117, no. 3 (August 1, 1995): 262–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2794179.

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A noncontact optical system using high speed image analysis to measure local tissue deformations and axial strains along skeletal muscle is described. The spatial resolution of the system was 20 pixels/cm and the accuracy was ±0.125mm. In order to minimize the error associated with discrete data used to characterize a continuous strain field, the displacement data were fitted with a third order polynomial and the fitted data differentiated to measure surface strains using a Lagrangian finite strain formulation. The distribution of axial strain along the muscle-tendon unit was nonuniform and rate dependent. Despite a variation in local strain distribution with strain rate, the maximum axial strain, Exx = 0.614 ± 0.045 mm/mm, was rate insensitive and occurred at the failure site for all tests. The frequency response of the video system (1000 Hz) and the measurement of a continuous strain field along the entire length of the structure improve upon previous noncontact optical systems for measurement of surface strains in soft tissues.

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Steele, P. E., G. F. Carle, G. S. Kobayashi, and G. Medoff. "Electrophoretic analysis of Histoplasma capsulatum chromosomal DNA." Molecular and Cellular Biology 9, no. 3 (March 1989): 983–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.9.3.983.

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Seven chromosome-sized DNA molecules in the Downs strain of Histoplasma capsulatum were resolved by using chromosome-specific DNA probes in blot hybridizations of contour-clamped homogeneous electric field (CHEF) and field-inversion gel electrophoresis (FIGE) agarose gels. The sizes of the chromosomal DNA bands extended from that of the largest Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome to beyond that of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe chromosomes. Under our experimental conditions, the order of the five largest DNA bands was inverted in the FIGE gel relative to the CHEF gel, demonstrating a characteristic of FIGE whereby large DNA molecules may have greater rather than lesser mobility with increasing size. Comparison of the Downs strain with other H. capsulatum strains by CHEF and FIGE analysis revealed considerable variability in band mobility. The resolution of seven chromosome-sized DNA molecules in the Downs strain provides a minimum estimate of the chromosome number.

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Steele, P. E., G. F. Carle, G. S. Kobayashi, and G. Medoff. "Electrophoretic analysis of Histoplasma capsulatum chromosomal DNA." Molecular and Cellular Biology 9, no. 3 (March 1989): 983–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.9.3.983-987.1989.

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Seven chromosome-sized DNA molecules in the Downs strain of Histoplasma capsulatum were resolved by using chromosome-specific DNA probes in blot hybridizations of contour-clamped homogeneous electric field (CHEF) and field-inversion gel electrophoresis (FIGE) agarose gels. The sizes of the chromosomal DNA bands extended from that of the largest Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome to beyond that of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe chromosomes. Under our experimental conditions, the order of the five largest DNA bands was inverted in the FIGE gel relative to the CHEF gel, demonstrating a characteristic of FIGE whereby large DNA molecules may have greater rather than lesser mobility with increasing size. Comparison of the Downs strain with other H. capsulatum strains by CHEF and FIGE analysis revealed considerable variability in band mobility. The resolution of seven chromosome-sized DNA molecules in the Downs strain provides a minimum estimate of the chromosome number.

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Rouby, Sherin Reda, Abdel-Hamid Bazid, Momtaz Wasfy, and Magdy El-Sayed. "Capripoxviruses: Exploring the genetic relatedness between field and vaccine strains from Egypt." December-2019 12, no. 12 (December 2019): 1924–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2019.1924-1930.

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Background and Aim: Lumpy skin disease (LSD) and sheep pox are economically important Capripoxvirus-induced diseases of cattle and sheep, respectively. Despite the extensive vaccination program adopted by Egyptian veterinary authorities, LSD and sheep pox are still prevalent and spread throughout the whole country. The current study was designed for molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of LSD virus (LSDV) and Sheep pox virus (SPPV) recovered from field cases in Egypt along with vaccinal strains to assess their genetic relatedness. Materials and Methods: Skin biopsies were collected from naturally infected cases of LSD in Ismailia (n=3 farms) and Beni-Suef (n=2 farms) Governorates and sheep pox in Beni-Suef (n=1 flock). Virus isolation was carried out on primary ovine fetal kidney and heart cell cultures. DNA was extracted from infected materials (skin lesions, infected cell cultures) as well as LSDV Neethling vaccine strain and Romanian SPPV vaccine strain. Polymerase chain reaction was performed using oligonucleotide primers targeting the entire open reading frame of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) gene and gene sequences were analyzed. Results: Virus isolation on primary ovine fetal kidney and heart cell culture revealed a cytopathic effect at the third passage characterized by rounding of infected cells and margination of nuclear chromatin. Comparative sequence analysis of GPCR gene revealed that Egyptian LSDV isolated from Ismailia and Beni-Suef shared 99:100% nucleotide and amino acid (AA) identities with each other. In comparison to the vaccinal strains, Egyptian LSDV isolates shared 98:99 nucleotide and AA identities with LSDV Neethling vaccine strain and 93:94% with SPPV Romanian vaccine strain. No differences at the nucleotide or AAs were observed between the SPPV vaccine and virulent strains (100% identity). Phylogenetic analyses revealed that LSDV Neethling vaccine strain is more related to field Egyptian LSDV and clustered within the LSDV group while Romanian SPPV vaccine strain clustered in a separate clade with SPPV field isolates. Conclusion: Comparative sequencing and phylogenetic analyses of the GPCR gene reveal a minimal genetic variation between LSDV field isolates from different locations and a close relationship between virulent field strains and homologous vaccines.

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Grédiac, M. "Stress Analysis and Identification with Full-Field Measurements." Applied Mechanics and Materials 3-4 (August 2006): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.3-4.9.

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The wealth of information provided by full-field measurement techniques is very useful in experimental mechanics. Among different possible applications, full-field measurements can be used to identify parameters governing constitutive equations from heterogeneous strain fields. This keynote lecture first describes the different possible uses of such measurements. It then focuses on the virtual fields method which has been proposed to extract constitutive parameters from full-field measurements. Finally, the method is compared with the finite element model updating technique which is usually used for solving such a problem.

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Tang, M. X., J. W. Huang, J. C. E, Y. Y. Zhang, and S. N. Luo. "Full strain tensor measurements with X-ray diffraction and strain field mapping: a simulation study." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 27, no. 3 (April 15, 2020): 646–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577520003926.

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Strain tensor measurements are important for understanding elastic and plastic deformation, but full bulk strain tensor measurement techniques are still lacking, in particular for dynamic loading. Here, such a methodology is reported, combining imaging-based strain field mapping and simultaneous X-ray diffraction for four typical loading modes: one-dimensional strain/stress compression/tension. Strain field mapping resolves two in-plane principal strains, and X-ray diffraction analysis yields volumetric strain, and thus the out-of-plane principal strain. This methodology is validated against direct molecular dynamics simulations on nanocrystalline tantalum. This methodology can be implemented with simultaneous X-ray diffraction and digital image correlation in synchrotron radiation or free-electron laser experiments.

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Bui, Thi Phuong Nam, Yeon-Ju Kim, Hobin Kim, and Deok-Chun Yang. "Rhodanobacter soli sp. nov., isolated from soil of a ginseng field." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 60, no. 12 (December 1, 2010): 2935–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.019422-0.

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Strain DCY45T was isolated from soil of a ginseng field in Pocheon Province, Korea. Strain DCY45T was Gram-negative, oxidase- and catalase-positive, motile and rod-shaped and produced yellow pigments on R2A agar. The organism grew optimally at 30 °C and at pH 7.0. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 65.4 mol%. The predominant respiratory quinone was Q-8. The major fatty acids were iso-C17 : 1 ω9c, iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence was used to determine the taxonomic position of strain DCY45T, which is most closely related to species of the genus Rhodanobacter, with similarity levels of 96.0–98.4 %; DNA–DNA relatedness with related strains was lower than 60 %. Strain DCY45T differed significantly from related type strains in phenotypic characteristics. On the basis of these phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic studies, strain DCY45T represents a novel species of the genus Rhodanobacter, for which the name Rhodanobacter soli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DCY45T (=KCTC 22620T =JCM 16126T).

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Wessendorf, Ashley M., and Dava J. Newman. "Dynamic Understanding of Human-Skin Movement and Strain-Field Analysis." IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 59, no. 12 (December 2012): 3432–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2012.2215859.

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Wei, Wang. "Full-Field Strain Analysis of Porous Membrane Under Biaxial Tension." Science Discovery 7, no. 2 (2019): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.sd.20190702.19.

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Katamine, Eiji, Hideyuki Azegami, and Akiyoshi Okitsu. "Shape Optimization Analysis of Flow Field. (Growth-Strain Method Approach)." JSME International Journal Series B 37, no. 1 (1994): 96–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeb.37.96.

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Morley, J. G., and I. R. McColl. "Analysis of cracking in fibre composites using strain field models." Journal of Materials Science Letters 5, no. 7 (July 1986): 755–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01730238.

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Vande Geest, Jonathan P., Elena S. Di Martino, and David A. Vorp. "An analysis of the complete strain field within FlexercellTM membranes." Journal of Biomechanics 37, no. 12 (December 2004): 1923–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2004.02.022.

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Adams, M. J., B. J. Briscoe, G. M. Corfield, C. J. Lawrence, and T. D. Papathanasiou. "An Analysis of the Plane-Strain Compression of Viscoplastic Materials." Journal of Applied Mechanics 64, no. 2 (June 1, 1997): 420–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2787325.

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A theoretical analysis for the plane-strain compression of viscoplastic materials with a Tresca wall boundary condition is described. The analysis is based upon the incorporation of a viscoplastic associated flow rule into the cycloidal solution originally developed for rigid-perfectly plastic materials. The evolution of the calculated stress field suggests that the influence of strain rate hardening is similar to that reported previously for strain hardening. The calculated strain fields are elliptical in form and are consistent with those measured for a viscoplastic paste. Previous analyses of the compression of viscoplastic materials have employed the lubrication approximation for fluid flows with a resulting kinematic inconsistency in the predicted velocity fields.

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Ikeuchi, Takehito, Shinki Tsubaki, Muneyuki Imafuku, Shun Fujieda, Yusuke Onuki, and Shigeru Suzuki. "Stress and Strain Analysis in an Fe-Ga Alloy Single Crystal." Materials Science Forum 879 (November 2016): 807–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.879.807.

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We carried out in situ x-ray diffraction measurements of magnetostriction in an Fe-18at%Ga alloy single crystal under magnetic fields. The sample studied here was a Goss-oriented square plate (dimensions: 10 mm × 10 mm × 1 mm height) cutting from as-grown single crystal ingot produced by the Czochralski method. In-plain magnetic fields were applied with various directions in this study. The influence of magnetic field direction on the stress/strain states was precisely analyzed by using our original x-ray single crystal stress/strain measurement method. As a result, applied field angle dependence of tri-axial magnetostriction states was successfully obtained. Thereby, we found that the singular anisotropic mechanical properties of this material play an important role for its magnetostriction properties.

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Nikolic, R., and Jelena Djokovic. "An approach to analysis of dynamic crack growth at bimaterial interface." Theoretical and Applied Mechanics 36, no. 4 (2009): 299–327. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tam0904299n.

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In this paper is presented the new approach to asymptotic analysis of the stress and strain fields around a crack tip that is propagating dynamically along a bimaterial interface. Through asymptotic analysis the problem is being reduced to solving the Riemann-Hilbert's problem, what yields the strain potential that is used for determination of the strain field around a crack tip. The considered field is that of a dynamically propagating crack with a speed that is between zero and shear wave speed of the less stiffer of the two materials, bound along the interface. Using the new approach in asymptotic analysis of the strain field around a tip of a dynamically propagating crack and possibilities offered by the Mathematica programming package, the results are obtained that are compared to both experimental and numerical results on the dynamic interfacial fracture known from the literature. This comparison showed that it is necessary to apply the complete expression obtained by asymptotic analysis of optical data and not only its first term as it was done in previous analyses.

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Horino, Haruka, Miyuki Ito, and Akio Tonouchi. "Clostridium oryzae sp. nov., from soil of a Japanese rice field." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 65, Pt_3 (March 1, 2015): 943–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.000042.

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An obligately anaerobic bacterial strain designated KC3T was isolated from a rice straw-degrading culture, for which soil of a Japanese rice field was used as the inoculum. Cells of strain KC3T were determined to be non-cellulolytic, Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, ellipsoidal, spore-forming rods, 0.8–1×4–25 µm. Endospores were formed at a terminal position in elongated cells (12–25 µm, mean 15 µm). The temperature range for growth was 20–50 °C, with an optimum at 37 °C. The pH range for growth was 5.0–7.5, with an optimum at pH 6.0 (slightly acidophilic). Strain KC3T fermented cellobiose to lactate, butyrate, acetate, formate, hydrogen and carbon dioxide. The major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were C14 : 0, C16 : 0 and C19 : 0 cyclo 11,12 dimethylacetal. The DNA G+C content of strain KC3T was 37.5 mol%. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain KC3T shared low sequence similarity (<93 %) with type strains of the genus Clostridium sensu stricto (Clostridium rRNA cluster I). Analyses of the DNA gyrase A and ATP synthase beta subunit sequences supported the affiliation of strain KC3T to the genus Clostridium sensu stricto. The evidence presented here indicates that strain KC3T represents a novel species of the genus Clostridium , for which the name Clostridium oryzae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Clostridium oryzae is KC3T ( = DSM 28571T = NBRC 110163T).

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ATYEO, R. F., S. L. OXBERRY, and D. J. HAMPSON. "Analysis of Serpulina hyodysenteriae strain variation and its molecular epidemiology using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis." Epidemiology and Infection 123, no. 1 (August 1999): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268899002691.

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Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was applied as a molecular typing tool for the spirochaete Serpulina hyodysenteriae, the agent of swine dysentery. Analysis of a collection of 40 mainly Australian isolates, previously characterized by other methods, divided these into 23 PFGE types. This confirmed that there are many strains of the spirochaete in Australia. PFGE was more discriminatory for strain typing than both multilocus enzyme electrophoresis and serotyping. It had similar discriminatory power to restriction endonuclease analysis, but the results of PFGE were easier to interpret. When applied to 29 isolates collected from 4 farms over periods of up to 8 years, 2 PFGE patterns were found on 3 farms, and a single pattern on the other. In each case a new strain had apparently emerged as a variant of an original parent strain. PFGE was found to be a powerful technique for investigating the molecular epidemiology of swine dysentery outbreaks.

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Qu, Pu, Qiang Li, and Shu Fang Yang. "Temperature Field and Thermal Stress Analysis of Large Caliber Gun Barrel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 518 (February 2014): 150–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.518.150.

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In order to analyze the temperature fields, temperature grads, thermal stress and thermal strain of large caliber machine gun barrel during firing, an analysis model was established for large caliber machine gun. The finite element analyze model are founded and the boundary condition of the model are loaded. The results indicated the temperature, temperature grads, thermal stress and thermal strain of the large caliber gun tube during continuous shots. The effect of thermal pulse loading on thermal stress, thermal strain is very obviously. So, thermal pulse loading is the primary origin of thermal stress, thermal strain of the large caliber machine gun barrel. At the same time, the thermal pulse loading is one of the important factors affecting the life of the gun tube.

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Yao, Ting, Qian Tian, Shou Zhi Zhang, Fei Guo, and Yu Jiang Wang. "Field Monitoring and Analysis of Reinforcement Concrete Slab." Applied Mechanics and Materials 351-352 (August 2013): 1217–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.351-352.1217.

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Concrete deformation measured under a certain condition in the experiment are very different from those in practical engineering structures, therefore, its necessary to monitor concrete properties in structures. In the paper, by real-time continuous monitoring of reinforcement concrete slab prepared with expansive agent, time-dependent temperature variations and strain variations are obtained and analyzed, and indoor test of the mechanical properties and deformation of field sampling from the slab are presented, so that this completes a transition from the specimen in experiment to the structure in engineering. The result shows that: there was no early-age crack in the four month after casting; the temperature had a certain increase due to heat generation of cement, which can lead to shrinkage deformation in cooling period; the temperature fluctuate with ambient temperature and there are obvious peak temperature rise about 15°C; There was a certain expansion at heating period, which can be considered as compensating shrinkage caused at late age in a certain extent so that minimum strain value is just about-120με which are not beyond the ultimate tensile strain. In addition, the measured experimental data can provide helpful reference for early crack control and durability of concrete structure, and they can also be use to verify and improve the accuracy of the numerical results for slab, which is available in the future for basis to similar projects and research.

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Liu, Fei, Pu Cun Bai, Xiao Hu Hou, and Yong Ming Xing. "Quantitative Measurement of Strain Field around η′ Phase in a 7000 Series Aluminum Alloy." Materials Science Forum 877 (November 2016): 200–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.877.200.

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The strain field of η′ phase in an aged 7000 series aluminum alloy has been investigated using a combination of high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and geometric phase analysis (GPA) technique in this paper, and strain components εxx, εyywere mapped, respectively. The results showed that the strain is mainly generated near the matrix/η′ phase interface and gradually decreases with distance increasing away from the interface. There were convergence and divergence regions of the strain within the η′ phase, and maximum strain occurred in the position where about 0.25 nm far from the interface, value of the maximum strains was about 2.54%.

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40

Yang, Yan, Zhengzhong Zou, Minyan He, and Gejiao Wang. "Pontibacillus yanchengensis sp. nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from salt field soil." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 61, no. 8 (August 1, 2011): 1906–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.023911-0.

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A Gram-positive-staining, aerobic, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain Y32T, was isolated from subsurface soil of the Sanwei salt field, Yancheng, Jiangsu province, South-east China. The cell-wall peptidoglycan type of strain Y32T was meso-diaminopimelic acid. The menaquinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7). The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0 and the DNA G+C content of strain Y32T was 40.3 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain Y32T was closely related to the type strains of the genus Pontibacillus. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of strain Y32T with the type strains of species of the genus Pontibacillus were 97.8 % (Pontibacillus marinus KCTC 3917T), 96.9 % (Pontibacillus chungwhensis BH030062T), 96.8 % (Pontibacillus litoralis JSM 072002T) and 96.0 % (Pontibacillus halophilus JSM 076056T). DNA–DNA relatedness between strain Y32T and P. marinus KCTC 3917T was 42 %. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic evidences, strain Y32T was found to be affiliated to the genus Pontibacillus, but was clearly differentiated from other members of this genus. Strain Y32T represents a novel member of the genus, for which the name Pontibacillus yanchengensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Y32T ( = CGMCC 1.10680T = CCTCC AB209311T = NRRL B-59408T).

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Tian, Ming Xing, Rui Deng, Yang Zhao, Min Li, San Jie Cao, Xin Tian Wen, and Yong Huang. "Isolation of a Field Marek’s Disease Virus with Acute Oncogenicity from Tibetan Chickens in China and Sequence Analysis of Oncogenic Genes." Advanced Materials Research 343-344 (September 2011): 538–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.343-344.538.

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A field Marek’s disease virus (MDV), named as BY strain, was firstly isolated from Tibetan chickens in Sichuan province, China, by method of co-cultivation of the lymphocytes with duck embryo fibroblasts (DEF). Analysis of the oncogenic genes showed that there were 2 copies of 132-bp repeated sequence in long terminal repeat of the BY strain, The nucleotide and amino acid sequence identities of Meq gene of BY strain with other prevalent MDV strains in China were 97.6-100.0% and 98.8-100.0%, respectively, and some point mutations assumed to be relevant to the oncogenecity of MDV also existed in the Meq gene of BY strain. The result of animal challenge test on specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens showed lymphomas may occur in a variety of organs as early as 18 days post challenge, and the rate of tumor occurrences and mortalities reached to 73.33% and 66.67% in HVT immunized chickens, respectively. In conclusion, an MDV strain charac-terized of acute oncogenicity was isolated from Tibetan chickens in China, though there were no obvious difference between the oncogenic genes of this strain and other virulent MDV strains isolated in China in recent years.

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BRADLEY, S. J., M. E. KAUFMANN, C. HAPPY, S. GHORI, A. L. T. WILSON, and G. M. SCOTT. "The epidemiology of glycopeptide-resistant enterococci on a haematology unit – analysis by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis." Epidemiology and Infection 129, no. 1 (August 2002): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268802007033.

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As part of an interventional study to determine glycopeptide-resistant enterococci (GRE) acquisition on a three-ward haematology unit, rectal swabs were taken weekly from 293 patients recruited to the study between June 1995 and December 1996. The GRE isolates obtained from the first positive rectal swab from 120 colonized patients, the isolates from 7 patients with clinical infection and 43 isolates obtained from the ward environment were compared by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Sixty-three of 120 patients were colonized by one of strains A-H, while 49 were colonized by unique strains. The first 18 weeks were associated with the highest prevalence of GRE by rectal swab, with a single strain A responsible for 52% of acquisitions on ward 2, 22% on ward 3 and 36% on ward 4. Other smaller ward associated clusters were evident. Environmental sampling of ward 2 during this time showed that all but 2 of 30 isolates were indistinguishable from strain A. As the GRE prevalence fell, rectal swab and environmental isolates became more heterogeneous, and strain A disappeared after week 55. GRE prevalence rose again in the final 15 weeks of the study, and a new predominant strain B emerged on ward 2 responsible for 50% of new acquisitions. In the seven patients with clinical infection with GRE, the clinical isolates were compared with the contemporaneous rectal swab isolate, and were found to be the same in only two cases. An analysis of five long-term carriers colonized for a median of 19 weeks (range 11–34) showed colonization with at least two and in one case six distinct strains, raising the question of how many strains may be colonizing a patient at any one time, and suggesting that multiple colonies should be analysed. These data suggest that cross-infection was an important factor in the spread of GRE when the colonization rate was high.

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Rice, P. M., MJ Kim, and R. W. Carpenter. "Analysis of 2D and 3D defects associated with precipitation of Cu in silicon." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 49 (August 1991): 870–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s042482010008866x.

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Extrinsic gettering of Cu on near-surface dislocations in Si has been the topic of recent investigation. It was shown that the Cu precipitated hetergeneously on dislocations as Cu silicide along with voids, and also with a secondary planar precipitate of unknown composition. Here we report the results of investigations of the sense of the strain fields about the large (~100 nm) silicide precipitates, and further analysis of the small (~10-20 nm) planar precipitates.Numerous dark field images were analyzed in accordance with Ashby and Brown's criteria for determining the sense of the strain fields about precipitates. While the situation is complicated by the presence of dislocations and secondary precipitates, micrographs like those shown in Fig. 1(a) and 1(b) tend to show anomalously wide strain fields with the dark side on the side of negative g, indicating the strain fields about the silicide precipitates are vacancy in nature. This is in conflict with information reported on the η'' phase (the Cu silicide phase presumed to precipitate within the bulk) whose interstitial strain field is considered responsible for the interstitial Si atoms which cause the bounding dislocation to expand during star colony growth.

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Ricketts, Camir, Larissa Pickler, John Maurer, Saravanaraj Ayyampalayam, Maricarmen García, and Naola M. Ferguson-Noel. "Identification of Strain-Specific Sequences That Distinguish a Mycoplasma gallisepticum Vaccine Strain from Field Isolates." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 55, no. 1 (November 9, 2016): 244–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.00833-16.

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ABSTRACTDespite attempts to control avian mycoplasmosis through management, vaccination, and surveillance,Mycoplasma gallisepticumcontinues to cause significant morbidity, mortality, and economic losses in poultry production. Live attenuated vaccines are commonly used in the poultry industry to control avian mycoplasmosis; unfortunately, some vaccines may revert to virulence and vaccine strains are generally difficult to distinguish from natural field isolates. In order to identify genome differences among vaccine revertants, vaccine strains, and field isolates, whole-genome sequencing of theM. gallisepticumvaccine strain ts-11 and several “ts-11-like” strains isolated from commercial flocks was performed using Illumina and 454 pyrosequencing and the sequenced genomes compared to theM. gallisepticumRlowreference genome. The collective contigs for each strain were annotated using the fully annotatedMycoplasmareference genome. The analysis revealed genetic differences amongvlhAalleles, as well as among genes annotated as coding for a cell wall surface anchor protein (mg0377) and a hypothetical protein gene,mg0359, unique toM. gallisepticumts-11 vaccine strain. PCR protocols were designed to target 5 sequences unique to theM. gallisepticumts-11 strain:vlhA3.04a,vlhA3.04b,vlhA3.05,mg0377, andmg0359. All ts-11 isolates were positive for the five gene alleles tested by PCR; however, 5 to 36% of field isolates were also positive for at least one of the alleles tested. A combination of PCR tests forvlhA3.04a,vlhA3.05, andmg0359was able to distinguish theM. gallisepticumts-11 vaccine strain from field isolates. This method will further supplement current approaches to quickly distinguishM. gallisepticumvaccine strains from field isolates.

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Deng, Wen Jun, Ping Lin, Zi Chun Xie, and Qing Li. "Analysis of Large-Strain Extrusion Machining with Different Chip Compression Ratios." Journal of Nanomaterials 2012 (2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/851753.

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Large-Strain Extrusion Machining (LSEM) is a novel-introduced process for deforming materials to very high plastic strains to produce ultra-fine nanostructured materials. Before the technique can be exploited, it is important to understand the deformation behavior of the workpiece and its relationship to the machining parameters and friction conditions. This paper reports finite-element method (FEM) analysis of the LSEM process to understand the evolution of temperature field, effective strain, and strain rate under different chip compression ratios. The cutting and thrust forces are also analyzed with respect to time. The results show that LSEM can produce very high strains by changing in the value of chip compression ratio, thereby enabling the production of nanostructured materials. The shape of the chip produced by LSEM can also be geometrically well constrained.

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46

Polak, Maria Anna. "Analysis of polyethylene pipe behaviour in horizontal directional drilling field tests." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 32, no. 4 (August 1, 2005): 665–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l05-013.

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The paper presents results of both tests and analysis of polyethylene pipes installed using horizontal directional drilling (HDD). A total of seven full-scale HDD field installations were performed at the University of Waterloo. The test parameters were pull length, overcut ratio, quality of the drilling fluid, pipe diameter, and pipe material. The paper presents an overview of the testing methodology, instrumentation, and test specimens. The method for measuring strains along the length of the pipe is presented and discussed. Experimental results concentrate on pipe strains due to bending and axial deformations during HDD. Post-installation axial strains are also presented. A predictive model has been developed to analyze the pipe under various installation conditions. The model accounts for major mechanical contributions to the pulling force in HDD installations. The emphasis in this paper is on the comparison between theoretical and experimental results and the discussion of factors influencing pulling loads and strains in polyethylene pipes installed using HDD.Key words: horizontal directional drilling, polyethylene, pipe, analysis, tests, strain, pulling loads.

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Meng, Qing Hua, Wen Yan Liang, and Zhen Qing Wang. "Analysis of Crack Tip Field in Materials with Creep Behavior." Key Engineering Materials 525-526 (November 2012): 297–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.525-526.297.

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The stress and strain field near the tip of Mode I growing crack in materials under creep conditions is examined. The case of the effective stress equal to zero is considered. The asymptotic equations for the crack of the crack tip field are derived and solved numerically. It is concluded that the rates of stress and strain posses the rδ-1 singularity near the tip crack, and the stresses remain finite at the crack tip.

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Noyan, I. C., and L. T. Nguyen. "Oscillations in Interplanar Spacing Vs. sin2ψ a FEM Analysis." Advances in X-ray Analysis 31 (1987): 191–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/s0376030800021996.

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AbstractRecent studies indicate that, if the stress/strain field within the irradiated volume in an x-ray stress determination experiment is inhomogeneous, oscillations occur in the interplanar spacing vs. sin2ψ plots. There is, however, little work on the degree of inhomogeneity required to cause a given oscillation, the uniqueness of the stress fields that can cause a given set of oscillations, or the error caused by applying the traditional methods currently in use to oscillatory data.In this paper, numerical modeling and eiasto-plastic finite element analysis was used to determine the strain fields in the diffracting volume of a polycrystalline sample under load. The elastic strain fields obtained from the analysis were then averaged over the regions that would diffract in an x-ray experiment/and then correlated to x-ray strain data to obtain an idea of the problems described ahove.

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Waldman, Lewis K., and Andrew D. McCulloch. "Nonhomogeneous Ventricular Wall Strain: Analysis of Errors and Accuracy." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 115, no. 4B (November 1, 1993): 497–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2895530.

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Nonhomogeneous distributions of strains are simulated and utilized to determine two potential errors in the measurement of cardiac strains. First, the error associated with the use of single-plane imaging of myocardial markers is examined. We found that this error ranges from small to large values depending on the assumed variation in stretch. If variations in stretch are not accompanied by substantial regional changes in ventricular radius, the associated error tends to be quite small. However, if the nonuniform stretch field is a result of substantial variations in local curvature from their reference values, large errors in stretch and strain occur. For canine hearts with circumferential radii of 2 to 4 cm, these errors in stretch may be as great as 30 percent or more. Moreover, gradients in stretch may be over- or underestimated by as much as 100 percent. In the second part of this analysis, the influence of random measurement errors in the coordinate positions of markers on strains computed from them is studied. Arrays of markers covering about 16 cm2 of ventricular epicardium are assumed and nonuniform stretches imposed. The reference and deformed positions of the markers are perturbed with Gaussian noise with a standard deviation of 0.1 mm, and then strains are computed using either homogeneous strain theory or a nonhomogeneous finite element method. For the strain distributions prescribed, it is found that the finite element method reduces the error resulting from noise by about 50 percent over most of the region. Accurate measurements of cardiac strain distributions are needed for correlation with and validation of realistic three-dimensional stress analyses of the heart. Moreover, with the advent of increasingly effective noninvasive methods to measure cardiac deformation such as magnetic resonance imaging, the use of nonhomogeneous strain analysis to determine more accurate strain distributions has increasing clinical significance.

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Seki, Tamae, Atsuko Matsumoto, Risa Shimada, Yuki Inahashi, Satoshi Ōmura, and Yōko Takahashi. "Conexibacter arvalis sp. nov., isolated from a cultivated field soil sample." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 62, Pt_10 (October 1, 2012): 2400–2404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.036095-0.

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Two bacterial strains, designated KV-962T and KV-963, were isolated from soil collected from a field in Japan. Cells of both strains were Gram-staining-positive, non-spore-forming, short rod-shaped and motile. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that these strains were related to Conexibacter woesei DSM 14684T, with a similarity value of 98.6 %. These strains possessed MK-7 (H4) as the sole menaquinone and contained C18 : 1ω9c, C17 : 1ω6c and iso-C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids. On the basis of genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, strain KV-962T and KV-963 were indicated as a novel species of the genus Conexibacter , for which the name Conexibacter arvalis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KV-962T ( = DSM 23288T = NBRC 106558T)

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Journal articles on the topic 'Strain field analysis'

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