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1

Moon, Byongook, Kraig Hays, and David Blurton. "General strain theory, key strains, and deviance." Journal of Criminal Justice 37, no. 1 (2009): 98–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2008.12.011.

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2

Moon, Byongook, and Merry Morash. "Gender and General Strain Theory." Youth & Society 49, no. 4 (2016): 484–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0044118x14541877.

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The present study of 659 Korean adolescents tests General Strain Theory’s (GST) utility in explaining gender differences in delinquency causation. It models the effects of key strains, negative emotions, and a composite measure of several conditioning factors separately for boys and girls and for delinquency. Consistent with the theory, males and females experience different strains and different emotions in response, and they vary in influences hypothesized to alter the connections of strains or emotions to delinquency. Strains that males experience more than females are significantly related
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3

Alexandrov, Sergei, and Yeau Ren Jeng. "A Comparative Study of Two Types of Gradient Theory of Plasticity." Applied Mechanics and Materials 145 (December 2011): 485–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.145.485.

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The objective of the present paper is to show that predictions of the conventional strain gradient theories do not coincide with some general physical expectations when large strains and geometry changes should be considered. As an alternative, it is proposed to use strain rate gradient theories of plasticity. One possible theory of this type is formulated as a formal modification of a strain gradient theory of plasticity. The problem of hollow sphere expansion at large strains is solved for both the strain gradient and strain rate gradient theories of plasticity. Comparison of these solutions
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4

Zhao, Bing, Ning Li, Yi Song, and Xiao Qiang Yan. "Generalized Gradient-Dependent Plasticy Theory." Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (May 2011): 2702–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.2702.

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Based on the Generalized Plastic Mechanics (GPM) and strain gradient-dependence of yield surfaces, the differential expressions of the volumetric and shear plastic strains are constructed, then the Generalized Gradient-dependent Plastic Mechanics (GGPM) is established to describe the strain localization characteristics and the basic mechanics characteristics of geo-materials. In order to discretize the controlling equations and the boundary conditions of analyses filed, an increment functional in which the displacement and plastic multipliers are independent variables was constructed to build
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5

Attard, Mario M. "Finite strain––beam theory." International Journal of Solids and Structures 40, no. 17 (2003): 4563–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7683(03)00216-6.

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6

Xia, S., and T. C. Wang. "Plastic strain curl theory." Acta Mechanica 172, no. 1-2 (2004): 45–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00707-004-0136-8.

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7

Agnew, Robert. "General Strain Theory Presentation." Salesianum 66, no. 3 (2004): 509–17. https://doi.org/10.63343/nb2465bk.

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La teoria generale della tensione rappresenta un approccio tra i più importanti nello spiegare la criminalità e la delinquenza. Essa differisce dalle altre teorie predominanti della criminalità e della delinquenza negli Stati Uniti in due modi fondamentali. Primo, essa è l’unica teoria che focalizza le relazioni negative con gli altri come causa della criminalità. Secondo, è l’unica teoria che sostiene che l’ira ed altre emozioni negative svolgono una funzione centrale nel generare la criminalità.
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8

Hidayati, Sri, and Sholihun Sholihun. "Strain Effects on the Band Structures of Monolayer GaN from the Density Functional Theory." Materials Science Forum 1066 (July 13, 2022): 144–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-d647l2.

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We perform the density functional theory calculations (DFT) to study the effect of biaxial strain on the band structures of monolayer GaN. We apply compressive and tensile strains up to 10%. There is no change of bandgap for the applied tensile strains below 8%. The compressive strains have a constant bandgap which is slightly smaller than that of the zero strain. We find that the applied tensile strain above 8% affects its electronic structure and decreases its bandgap energy by about 0.05 eV while the compressive strain above 4% decreases its bandgap about 0.22 eV.
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9

Alexandrov, Sergei, Elena Lyamina, and Yeau Ren Jeng. "A Strain-Rate Gradient Theory of Plasticity and its Comparison with Strain Gradient Theories." Applied Mechanics and Materials 284-287 (January 2013): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.284-287.8.

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Gradient theories of plasticity play an important role in the description of inelastic behavior of materials. Usually, these theories involve space derivatives of stress or strain. On the other hand, conventional theories of plasticity can be divided into two groups, flow and deformation theories. Each of these groups has its own area of applications. The main conceptual difference between the theories belonging to the different groups is that the primary kinematics variables in deformation theories are displacements (or strains) whereas in flow theories velocities (or strain rates). Therefore
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10

Gou, Kun, and S. M. Mallikarjunaiah. "Finite element study of V-shaped crack-tip fields in a three-dimensional nonlinear strain-limiting elastic body." Mathematics and Mechanics of Solids 28, no. 10 (2023): 2155–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10812865221152257.

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We study the crack-tip fields in a three-dimensional (3D) plate with a V-shaped crack employing Rajagopal’s theory of elasticity with the strain-limiting effect. The classical linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) theory bears a well-documented inconsistency, i.e., for a static crack problem under the traction-free boundary condition, the LEFM theory predicts singular crack-tip strains. Such results are inconsistent with the constitutive relation derived using the assumption of uniform bound for the strain values. Instead, Rajagopal’s recent theory of elasticity provides implicit constituti
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11

Simmonds, J. G. "The Strain-Energy Density of Rubber-Like Shells of Revolution Undergoing Torsionless, Axisymmetric Deformation (Axishells)." Journal of Applied Mechanics 53, no. 3 (1986): 593–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3171816.

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We consider a shell of revolution made of an incompressible elastically isotropic material. Assuming a torsionless, axisymmetric three-dimensional displacement field that permits large normal strains (i.e., large thickness changes) but small transverse shearing strains, we construct a two-dimensional strain-energy density for a first-approximation shell theory in which the extensional strains may be O(1). The bending strains, however, are small, as in Reissner’s nonlinear theory. An error estimate is given that depends on the undeformed thickness and curvatures, the bending strains, the transv
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12

AGNEW, ROBERT, TIMOTHY BREZINA, JOHN PAUL WRIGHT, and FRANCIS T. CULLEN. "STRAIN, PERSONALITY TRAITS, AND DELINQUENCY: EXTENDING GENERAL STRAIN THEORY." Criminology 40, no. 1 (2002): 43–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.2002.tb00949.x.

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13

Mazerolle, Paul, Velmer S. Burton, Francis T. Cullen, T. David Evans, and Gary L. Payne. "Strain, anger, and delinquent adaptations Specifying general strain theory." Journal of Criminal Justice 28, no. 2 (2000): 89–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0047-2352(99)00041-0.

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14

Chambon, René, Denis Caillerie, and Claudio Tamagnini. "A strain space gradient plasticity theory for finite strain." Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 193, no. 27-29 (2004): 2797–826. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2003.10.016.

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15

Zhang, Jie, David Lester, Janet Haines, et al. "Identifying Psychological Strains in Suicide Notes." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 82, no. 1 (2018): 120–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0030222818811466.

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The Strain Theory of Suicide and mental disorders proposes that psychological strains precede suicidal behaviors and psychiatric disorders. This study was designed to test the theory with a large sample of suicide notes collected from Tasmania, Australia. The content of 261 suicide notes was analyzed for the presence of four psychological strains. It was found that 39.6% of the 261 suicide notes had at least one of the four psychological strains, with aspiration and coping strains being the most prevalent. We then compared the ratings of psychological strains with ratings of thwarted belonging
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16

Özbay, Özden, and Yusuf Ziya Özcan. "Classic Strain Theory and Gender." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 50, no. 1 (2006): 21–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x05277665.

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17

Polizzi, David. "Agnew’s General Strain Theory Reconsidered." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 55, no. 7 (2010): 1051–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x10380846.

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18

Eitle, David, and Tamela McNulty Eitle. "General Strain Theory and Delinquency." Youth & Society 48, no. 4 (2013): 470–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0044118x13499593.

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19

Moon, Byongook, David Blurton, and John D. McCluskey. "General Strain Theory and Delinquency." Crime & Delinquency 54, no. 4 (2007): 582–613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128707301627.

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20

Blinov, �. I., and K. N. Rusinko. "Generalized theory for nonisothermal strain." Journal of Applied Mechanics and Technical Physics 28, no. 5 (1988): 786–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00912036.

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21

Taber, L. A. "On a Nonlinear Theory for Muscle Shells: Part I—Theoretical Development." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 113, no. 1 (1991): 56–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2894085.

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This paper presents a theory for studies of the large-strain behavior of biological shells composed of layers of incompressible, orthotropic tissue, possibly muscle, of arbitrary orientation. The intrinsic equations of the laminated-shell theory, expressed in lines-of-curvature coordinates, account for large membrane [O(1)] and moderately large bending and transverse shear strains [O(0.3)], nonlinear material properties, and transverse normal stress and strain. An expansion is derived for a general two-dimensional strain-energy density function, which includes residual stress and muscle activa
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22

Ladanyi, Branko, and Adolfo Foriero. "A numerical solution of cavity expansion problem in sand based directly on experimental stress-strain curves." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 35, no. 4 (1998): 541–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t98-028.

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A numerical solution of a spherical and cylindrical cavity expansion problem in sand is presented herein. The underlying theory is unbiased in that it is based directly on experimentally determined stress-strain curves. The solution makes it possible to follow the continuous variation of strains, stresses, and volume changes produced by cavity expansion. It essentially uses the "strain path" approach to determine the state of stress around the cavity, taking into account large strains and the effect of spherical stress variation on the mobilized shear resistance and the associated volume strai
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23

Bauchau, O. A., and C. H. Hong. "Nonlinear Composite Beam Theory." Journal of Applied Mechanics 55, no. 1 (1988): 156–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3173622.

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The modeling of naturally curved and twisted beams undergoing arbitrarily large displacements and rotations, but small strains, is a common problem in numerous engineering applications. This paper has three goals: (1) present a new formulation of this problem which includes transverse shearing deformations, torsional warping effects, and elastic couplings resulting from the use of composite materials, (2) show that the small strain assumption must be applied in a consistent fashion for composite beams, and (3) present some numerical results based on this new formulation to assess its accuracy,
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24

Liu, Lin, Christy A. Visher, and Daniel J. O’Connell. "The Strain From Procedural Injustice on Parolees: Bridging Procedural Justice Theory and General Strain Theory." Crime & Delinquency 66, no. 2 (2019): 250–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128719839376.

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The procedural justice literature explains why people obey the law. However, prior research has largely neglected the implication of procedural justice in the correctional context in general and in parole efficacy in particular. In an attempt to bridge the propositions of procedural justice and general strain theory, this study assesses the effect of parolees’ perceived procedural injustice on their success in reentry. Using data from a longitudinal study of prisoner reentry, we investigate the nexus of procedural injustice, negative emotions, family bonds, and postrelease criminal propensity.
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25

Madore, Alexandre. "Anders Breivik." Potentia: Journal of International Affairs 10 (October 15, 2019): 50–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.18192/potentia.v10i0.4511.

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This analysis considers the importance of general strain theory (GST) in understanding contemporary far-right movements and violence involving white heterosexual men. General strain theory describes how objective and subjective strains can contribute to antisocial behaviours including terrorism. The mass murder committed by Anders Breivik in July 2011 in Norway will be considered as an application of this theory to terrorism. The analysis remains relevant, as evidenced by the most recent 2019 New Zealand mosque terrorism incidents. It begins with an overview of Breivik’s turbulent childhood an
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26

Yoo, Seok-Bong, and Wanhee Lee. "Strain factors and juvenile cyber-delinquency in General strain theory." Korean Association of Public Safety and Criminal Justice 27, no. 4 (2018): 279–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.21181/kjpc.2018.27.4.279.

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27

Bucher, Jacob. "General Issue (G.I.) Strain: Applying Strain Theory to Military Offending." Deviant Behavior 32, no. 9 (2011): 846–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01639625.2010.538353.

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28

Rocque, Michael. "Strain, coping mechanisms, and slavery: a general strain theory application." Crime, Law and Social Change 49, no. 4 (2008): 245–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10611-008-9106-8.

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29

Chow, C. L., M. Jie, and S. J. Hu. "Forming Limit Analysis of Sheet Metals Based on a Generalized Deformation Theory." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 125, no. 3 (2003): 260–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1586938.

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This paper presents the development of a generalized method to predict forming limits of sheet metals. The vertex theory, which was developed by Sto¨ren and Rice (1975) and recently simplified by Zhu, Weinmann and Chandra (2001), is employed in the analysis to characterize the localized necking (or localized bifurcation) mechanism in elastoplastic materials. The plastic anisotropy of materials is considered. A generalized deformation theory of plasticity is proposed. The theory considers Hosford’s high-order yield criterion (1979), Hill’s quadratic yield criterion and the von Mises yield crite
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30

Hadjov, Kliment, Dimitar Dontchev, Tarik Hrima, and Verjinia Aleksandrova. "Stress and strain controlled cyclic loading." Science, Engineering and Education 1, no. 1 (2016): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.59957/see.v1.i1.2016.3.

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In this paper introducing a nonlinear constitutive integral equation with singular kernels the authors have obtained the stress (strain) response by cyclic imposed strains (stresses). The Mullins and Payne effects are taken into account using a damping function related with the initial damage and nonlinearity using the Ogden equation by large strains. Comparisons between theory and experimental data in both cases (strain and stress controlled tests) are made.
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31

Agnew, Robert. "A Revised Strain Theory of Delinquency." Social Forces 64, no. 1 (1985): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2578977.

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32

WALSH, ANTHONY. "BEHAVIOR GENETICS AND ANOMIE/STRAIN THEORY." Criminology 38, no. 4 (2000): 1075–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.2000.tb01415.x.

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33

BROIDY, LISA M. "A TEST OF GENERAL STRAIN THEORY*." Criminology 39, no. 1 (2001): 9–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.2001.tb00915.x.

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34

Agnew, Robert. "A general strain theory of terrorism." Theoretical Criminology 14, no. 2 (2010): 131–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362480609350163.

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35

Leeper Piquero, Nicole, and Miriam D. Sealock. "Race, Crime, and General Strain Theory." Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice 8, no. 3 (2010): 170–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541204009361174.

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A key criminological observation is the overrepresentation of minorities—especially African Americans—in the criminal justice system. Whether this difference is due to differential enforcement by the criminal justice system, differential participation by individuals, or some combination of these two perspectives is a source of much debate and controversy. Unfortunately, few theories have been developed and/or extended to understand race differences in crime. This article applies Agnew’s General Strain Theory (GST) as one potentially useful framework. Results indicate that GST variables operate
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36

Burton, Velmer S., and Francis T. Cullen. "THE EMPIRICAL STATUS OF STRAIN THEORY." Journal of Crime and Justice 15, no. 2 (1992): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0735648x.1992.9721462.

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37

Thomson, Robb, and L. E. Levine. "Theory of Strain Percolation in Metals." Physical Review Letters 81, no. 18 (1998): 3884–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.81.3884.

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38

TYGART, CLARENCE E. "Strain Theory and Public School Vandalism." Youth & Society 20, no. 1 (1988): 106–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0044118x88020001006.

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39

Yi, Dake, Tzu Chiang Wang, and Shaohua Chen. "New strain gradient theory and analysis." Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica 22, no. 1 (2009): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0894-9166(09)60089-6.

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40

Baron, Stephen W. "Street youth, strain theory, and crime." Journal of Criminal Justice 34, no. 2 (2006): 209–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2006.01.001.

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41

DeLisi, Matt. "How general is general strain theory?" Journal of Criminal Justice 39, no. 1 (2011): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2010.12.003.

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42

Fleck, N. A., G. M. Muller, M. F. Ashby, and J. W. Hutchinson. "Strain gradient plasticity: Theory and experiment." Acta Metallurgica et Materialia 42, no. 2 (1994): 475–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0956-7151(94)90502-9.

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43

Dashner, Peter A. "Large strain inelastic state variable theory." International Journal of Solids and Structures 22, no. 6 (1986): 571–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-7683(86)90025-9.

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44

Moon, Byongook, Merry Morash, and John D. McCluskey. "General Strain Theory and School Bullying." Crime & Delinquency 58, no. 6 (2010): 827–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128710364809.

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45

Agnew, R. "A Revised Strain Theory of Delinquency." Social Forces 64, no. 1 (1985): 151–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sf/64.1.151.

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46

Ieşan, Dorin. "First-Strain Gradient Theory of Thermoviscoelasticity." Journal of Thermal Stresses 38, no. 7 (2015): 701–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01495739.2015.1039924.

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47

Lin, Zhongya, and Yueguang Wei. "A strain gradient linear viscoelasticity theory." International Journal of Solids and Structures 203 (October 2020): 197–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2020.08.008.

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48

Cheng, Y. M., and Y. Tsui. "Limitations to the large strain theory." International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 33, no. 1 (1992): 101–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620330107.

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49

Gupta, S., and K. P. Day. "A strain theory of malaria transmission." Parasitology Today 10, no. 12 (1994): 476–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-4758(94)90160-0.

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50

Lew, Bob, Ksenia Chistopolskaya, Yanzheng Liu, Mansor Abu Talib, Olga Mitina, and Jie Zhang. "Testing the Strain Theory of Suicide – The Moderating Role of Social Support." Crisis 41, no. 2 (2020): 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000604.

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Abstract. Background: According to the strain theory of suicide, strains, resulting from conflicting and competing pressures in an individual's life, are hypothesized to precede suicide. But social support is an important factor that can mitigate strains and lessen their input in suicidal behavior. Aims: This study was designed to assess the moderating role of social support in the relation between strain and suicidality. Methods: A sample of 1,051 employees were recruited in Beijing, the capital of China, through an online survey. Moderation analysis was performed using SPSS PROCESS Macro. Soc
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