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Journal articles on the topic 'Strain types'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Alexandrov, Sergei, and Yeau Ren Jeng. "A Comparative Study of Two Types of Gradient Theory of Plasticity." Applied Mechanics and Materials 145 (December 2011): 485–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.145.485.

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The objective of the present paper is to show that predictions of the conventional strain gradient theories do not coincide with some general physical expectations when large strains and geometry changes should be considered. As an alternative, it is proposed to use strain rate gradient theories of plasticity. One possible theory of this type is formulated as a formal modification of a strain gradient theory of plasticity. The problem of hollow sphere expansion at large strains is solved for both the strain gradient and strain rate gradient theories of plasticity. Comparison of these solutions

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2

EKLUND, M. W., F. T. POYSKY, M. E. PETERSON, R. N. PARANJPYE, and G. A. PELROY. "Competitive Inhibition between Different Clostridium botulinum Types and Strains." Journal of Food Protection 67, no. 12 (2004): 2682–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-67.12.2682.

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Mixtures of proteolytic and nonproteolytic strains of toxigenic Clostridium botulinum types A, B, and F; nonproteolytic types B, E, and F; Clostridium sporogenes; and nontoxic E-like organisms resembling nonproteolytic C. botulinum were tested against each other for the purpose of selecting a mixture of compatible C. botulinum strains for inoculated pack studies on the basis of their sensitivity to bacteriophages and bacteriocin-like agents. All of the proteolytic strains produced bacteriocin-like agents that were inhibitory to three or more of the other proteolytic types and C. sporogenes. Wh

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3

Ren, Shuzheng, Jie Zhang, and Dwight A. Hennessy. "Psychological strains and psychological distress among Chinese rural migrant workers." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 27, no. 2 (2018): 231–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0117196818766377.

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This research note reports on a study that examined the psychological strains among migrant workers in China, and the potential negative life impact of these strains. It was hypothesized that psychological strains, resulting from social and psychological conflicts (value strain, aspiration strain, deprivation strain and coping strain), would be associated with greater psychological distress. Most of the sampled migrant workers experienced at least one of four types of strain. Independently, greater levels of all four types of strain were related to elevated self-reported psychological distress

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4

Weber, Klaus. "Differences in Types and Incidence of Neoplasms in Wistar Han and Sprague-Dawley Rats." Toxicologic Pathology 45, no. 1 (2017): 64–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192623316672075.

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A substantial quantity of data on Sprague-Dawley (SD) and Hannover Wistar rats strains have been published concerning their source, diet, and housing conditions, as well as the incidences of nonneoplastic lesions and neoplasms observed in different laboratories. Differences between the commonly used rat strains provided by different breeders (i.e., CD (SD) vs. Harlan Sprague-Dawley strain or Crl: WI(Han) vs. Wistar Hannover (Han)–derived strain, continued breeding by RCC Ltd., Switzerland, thereafter continued breeding by Harlan) may include, but are not limited to, body weight, incidence, and

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5

Brown, D. J., E. J. Threlfall, M. D. Hampton, and B. Rowe. "Molecular characterization of plasmids in Salmonella enteritidis phage types." Epidemiology and Infection 110, no. 2 (1993): 209–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800068126.

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SUMMARYPlasmids in selected type strains of 26 of the Salmonella enteritidis phage types have been characterized by restriction enzyme fingerprinting and by DNA–DNA hybridization with oligonucleotide probes for Salmonella plasmid virulence (Spv) genes. With one exception, the fingerprints of the 38 MDa plasmids studied were homogeneous but there was heterogeneity in the fingerprints of 59 MDa plasmids found in 4 of the type strains. However all 38 MDa and 59 MDa plasmids were related as was a 45 MDa plasmid identified in the type strain of phage type 19. A 3·5 kb fragment homologous to SpvC wa

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6

Rafferty, Mary Ellen, Aldona L. Baltch, Raymond P. Smith, et al. "Comparison of Restriction Enzyme Analysis, Arbitrarily Primed PCR, and Protein Profile Analysis Typing for Epidemiologic Investigation of an Ongoing Clostridium difficileOutbreak." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 36, no. 10 (1998): 2957–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.36.10.2957-2963.1998.

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During an outbreak of diarrhea in a general hospital in 1992, 166Clostridium difficile isolates from 102 patients were typed by restriction enzyme analysis (REA), arbitrarily primed PCR (AP-PCR), and protein profile analysis (PP) techniques. A total of 18 types and 5 subtypes were identified by REA, 32 types were identified by AP-PCR, and 9 types were identified by PP. Analysis of the data indicated the presence of a predominant strain among 76, 75, and 84% of the isolates by REA, AP-PCR, and PP, respectively. Subsequently, 45C. difficile isolates which had been collected in 1990 from 33 patie

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7

Read, Phillip, Kaitlin A. Tagg, Neisha Jeoffreys, Rebecca J. Guy, Gwendolyn L. Gilbert, and Basil Donovan. "Treponema pallidum Strain Types and Association with Macrolide Resistance in Sydney, Australia: New TP0548 Gene Types Identified." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 54, no. 8 (2016): 2172–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.00959-16.

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Strain typing ofTreponema pallidum, using the three-target enhanced classification scheme, was performed with 191 samples obtained between 2004 and 2011 in Sydney, Australia. The most common strain type was 14d/g (92/191 samples [48%]). Two new TP0548 gene types were detected (m and n). Strain type was associated with macrolide resistance and possible acquisition outside Australia.

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8

Jacques, Mario, Stéphane Rioux, Sonia-Élaine Paradis, Caroline Bégin, and Marcelo Gottschalk. "Identification of two core types in lipopolysaccharides ofActinobacillus pleuropneumoniaerepresenting serotypes 1 to 12." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 42, no. 8 (1996): 855–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m96-108.

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Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae were separated by Tricine–SDS–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, which has been shown to improve resolution of low-molecular-mass fast migrating bands. Strains representing the 12 serotypes of A. pleuropneumoniae can be divided in two groups according to the gel mobility of the core–lipid A region of their LPS. The first electromorphic core type (core type I), found in serotypes 1, 6, 9, and 11, had a migration slower than Salmonella typhimurium Ra LPS. The second electromorphic core type (core type II), found in the remaining serot

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9

Kim, Seung-Gyu, Yeong-Seong Park, and Yong-Hak Lee. "Comparison of Concrete Creep in Compression, Tension, and Bending under Drying Condition." Materials 12, no. 20 (2019): 3357. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12203357.

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Three types of creep experiments of compression, tension, and bending were implemented to identify quantitative relations among the three types of creep under drying atmospheric conditions. In case of the bending creep experiment, two types of unreinforced concrete beams with similar dimensions were cast for use in the beam creep and shrinkage tests. The variations in the shrinkage strain within the beam depth were measured to evaluate the effect of the shrinkage variations on the bending creep strain. The beam creep strain measured within the beam depth was composed of uniform and skewed part

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10

Eckert, G., W. Pechhold, and M. Schmid. "On the interrelation of rubber elastic stress-strain curves under different types of strain." Polymer Engineering and Science 32, no. 17 (1992): 1213–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760321706.

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11

Avila-Campos, Mario Julio. "Haemolytic activity of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans strains on different blood types." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 37, no. 3 (1995): 215–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46651995000300006.

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Haemolytic activity of sixty nine Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans strains on different animal and human blood types was examined by using a trypticase soy agar supplemented with yeast extract (0.5%). Blood types used were: rabbit, sheep and human (A, Rh+; A, Rh-; B, Rh+; B, Rh-; O, Rh+; O, Rh-; AB, Rh+; AB, Rh- groups). Plates were inoculated and, incubated in microaerophilic conditions, at 37ºC, for 48 h. The haemolytic activity of the tested strains was characterized as alpha-haemolysis. Only two isolates were not haemolytic on all blood types (2.9%), two strains were haemolytic only on

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12

Rabsch, Wolfgang, R. Allen Helm, and Abraham Eisenstark. "Diversity of Phage Types among Archived Cultures of the Demerec Collection of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium Strains." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, no. 2 (2004): 664–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.2.664-669.2004.

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ABSTRACT The existence of several thousand Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium LT2 and LT7 cultures originally collected by M. Demerec and sealed in agar stab vials for 33 to 46 years is a resource for evolutionary and mutational studies. Cultures from 74 of these vials, descendants of cells sealed and stored in nutrient agar stabs several decades ago, were phage typed by the Callow and Felix, Lilleengen, and Anderson systems. Among 53 LT2 archived strains, 16 had the same phage type as the nonarchival sequenced LT2 strain. The other 37 archived cultures differed in phage typing pattern fr

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13

Wijewardena Gamalath, K. A. I. L., and M. A. I. P. Fernando. "Strain Distributions in Group IV and III-V Semiconductor Quantum Dots." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 7 (September 2013): 36–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.7.36.

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A theoretical model was developed using Green’s function with an anisotropic elastic tensor to study the strain distribution in and around three dimensional semiconductor pyramidal quantum dots formed from group IV and III-V material systems namely, Ge on Si, InAs on GaAs and InP on AlP. A larger positive strain in normal direction which tends to zero beyond 6nm was observed for all three types while the strains parallel to the substrate were negative. For all the three types of quantum dots hydrostatic strain and biaxial strain along x and z directions were not linear but described a curve wi

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14

Hussaini, Souheil, Tritala K. Vaidyanathan, Abhinav P. Wadkar, Firas A. Al Quran, David Ehrenberg, and Saul Weiner. "Peri-Implant Strain in an In Vitro Model." Journal of Oral Implantology 41, no. 5 (2015): 532–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1563/aaid-joi-d-12-00305.

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An in vitro experimental model was designed and tested to determine the influence that peri-implant strain may have on the overall crestal bone. Strain gages were attached to polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) models containing a screw-type root form implant at sites 1 mm from the resin-implant interface. Three different types of crown superstructures (cemented, 1-screw [UCLA] and 2-screw abutment types) were tested. Loading (1 Hz, 200 N load) was performed using a MTS Mechanical Test System. The strain gage data were stored and organized in a computer for statistical treatment. Strains for all abu

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15

Tirosh-Levy, S., S. E. Blum, K. F. Steward, A. S. Waller, and A. Steinman. "Streptococcus equisubspeciesequiin horses in Israel: seroprevalence and strain types." Veterinary Record Open 3, no. 1 (2016): e000187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vetreco-2016-000187.

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16

Atherton, J. C. "The clinical relevance of strain types of Helicobacter pylori." Gut 40, no. 6 (1997): 701–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gut.40.6.701.

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17

Niño, Michael, Gabe Ignatow, and Tianji Cai. "Social Isolation, Strain, and Youth Violence." Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice 15, no. 3 (2016): 299–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541204016636435.

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This article examines the relationship between types of social isolation and violent delinquency. Deriving hypotheses from elements of general strain theory, we test whether the isolation–violence relationship varies across different types of isolated youth when compared to sociable youth. We also test whether other negative experiences and circumstances (types of social strain) associated with adolescence moderate the relationship between isolation types and violent delinquency. Using the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, we find that different types of social isolation had va

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18

Li, Loretta, and Robert Mitchell. "Effects of reinforcing elements on the behavior of weakly cemented sands." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 25, no. 2 (1988): 389–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t88-040.

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Plane strain test results from weakly cemented sand samples with various types of reinforcement inclusions are reported. Mesh and anchored fibre types of reinforcements are shown to more than double the plane strain shear strength of a 33:1 sand–cement mixture. Other types of inclusions were not as effective, with some actually producing a strength decrease. All inclusions increased the ductility of this weakly cemented sand, allowing the material to absorb strains of 4–6% rather than the 0.5 – 1% of failure strain in the unreinforced material. The application of reinforcements to cemented tai

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19

Peshev, R. "Studies on the molecular biological peculiarities of bovine herpesvirus 4." BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE 23, no. 4 (2020): 411–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/bjvm.2019-0010.

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Studies on the molecular biological features of bovine herpesvirus 4 (BHV 4) strains isolated in Bulgaria have been conducted. Two types of polymerase chain reaction have been developed and applied to confirm the gB and TK genes. A restrictase fragment analysis was performed using various types of restrictase enzymes. The tested Bulgarian strains differed in their restrictase genomic profile from the reference European strain Movar 33/63 and from the American strain DN 599, and were clearly different each from the other. No clear relationship has been established between the restrictase enzyme

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20

Harms, Gerda, Karsten Zengler, Ralf Rabus, et al. "Anaerobic Oxidation of o -Xylene, m -Xylene, and Homologous Alkylbenzenes by New Types of Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65, no. 3 (1999): 999–1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.65.3.999-1004.1999.

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ABSTRACT Various alkylbenzenes were depleted during growth of an anaerobic, sulfate-reducing enrichment culture with crude oil as the only source of organic substrates. From this culture, two new types of mesophilic, rod-shaped sulfate-reducing bacteria, strains oXyS1 and mXyS1, were isolated with o-xylene and m-xylene, respectively, as organic substrates. Sequence analyses of 16S rRNA genes revealed that the isolates affiliated with known completely oxidizing sulfate-reducing bacteria of the δ subclass of the classProteobacteria. Strain oXyS1 showed the highest similarities to Desulfobacteriu

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21

Muller, Héloïse, Christophe Hennequin, Julien Gallaud, Bernard Dujon та Cécile Fairhead. "The Asexual Yeast Candida glabrata Maintains Distinct a and α Haploid Mating Types". Eukaryotic Cell 7, № 5 (2008): 848–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00456-07.

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ABSTRACT The genome of the type strain of Candida glabrata (CBS138, ATCC 2001) contains homologs of most of the genes involved in mating in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, starting with the mating pheromone and receptor genes. Only haploid cells are ever isolated, but C. glabrata strains of both mating types are commonly found, the type strain being MATα and most other strains, such as BG2, being MAT a. No sexual cycle has been documented for this species. In order to understand which steps of the mating pathway are defective, we have analyzed the expression of homologs of some of the key genes invo

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22

Smith, J. L., D. J. V. Drum, Y. Dai, et al. "Impact of Antimicrobial Usage on Antimicrobial Resistance in Commensal Escherichia coli Strains Colonizing Broiler Chickens." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73, no. 5 (2006): 1404–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01193-06.

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ABSTRACT Escherichia coli strains isolated from commercial broilers and an experimental flock of chickens were screened to determine phenotypic expression of antimicrobial resistance and carriage of drug resistance determinants. The goal of this study was to investigate the influence of oxytetracycline, sarafloxacin, and enrofloxacin administration on the distribution of resistance determinants and strain types among intestinal commensal E. coli strains isolated from broiler chickens. We detected a high prevalence of resistance to drugs such as tetracycline (36 to 97%), sulfonamides (50 to 100

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23

Rahman, Sufi HZ, M. Anisur Rahman, MS Arfin, et al. "Helicobacter pylori Infection and Strain Types in Adult Dyspeptic Patients Undergoing Endoscopy in a Specialized Hospital of Dhaka City." Bangladesh Journal of Medical Microbiology 3, no. 1 (2009): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmm.v3i1.2963.

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Helicobacter pylori infection occurs worldwide with a high prevalence in developing countries. Virulence of H. pylori strains varies in different geographic regions. The aim of this study was to see H. pylori infection and its strain types in adult dyspeptic patients in Bangladesh and to analyze association of H. pylori strain types with clinical disease and severity of histological gastritis. Ninety consecutive adult dyspeptic patients undergoing diagnostic endoscopy were tested for H. pylori infection by culture, rapid urease test (RUT), histology and anti H. pylori IgG ELISA (Enzyme linked

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24

Morasch, Barbara, Hans H. Richnow, Bernhard Schink, Andrea Vieth, and Rainer U. Meckenstock. "Carbon and Hydrogen Stable Isotope Fractionation during Aerobic Bacterial Degradation of Aromatic Hydrocarbons." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68, no. 10 (2002): 5191–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.68.10.5191-5194.2002.

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ABSTRACT 13C/12C and D/H stable isotope fractionation during aerobic degradation was determined for Pseudomonas putida strain mt-2, Pseudomonas putida strain F1, Ralstonia pickettii strain PKO1, and Pseudomonas putida strain NCIB 9816 grown with toluene, xylenes, and naphthalene. Different types of initial reactions used by the respective bacterial strains could be linked with certain extents of stable isotope fractionation during substrate degradation.

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25

Cheung, Yuet W., Susanne Y. P. Choi, and Adam K. L. Cheung. "Strain, Self-Control, and Spousal Violence: A Study of Husband-to-Wife Violence in Hong Kong." Violence and Victims 29, no. 2 (2014): 280–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-12-00071r2.

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This study examines the applicability of Agnew’s strain theory and Gottfredson and Hirschi’s self-control theory in explaining husband-to-wife psychological aggression and physical assault in a community survey of 871 couples in Hong Kong. Three strains, each belonging to 1 type of Agnew’s types of strain, were selected, namely, dissatisfaction with family financial situation, dissatisfaction with relationship with spouse, and physical abuse by parents in childhood. Self-control was measured with a simplified version of 12 items selected from the 24-item Self-control Scale developed by Grasmic

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26

Soto, S. M., M. J. Lobato, and M. C. Mendoza. "Class 1 Integron-Borne Gene Cassettes in Multidrug-Resistant Yersinia enterocolitica Strains of Different Phenotypic and Genetic Types." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 47, no. 1 (2003): 421–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.47.1.421-425.2003.

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ABSTRACT Seventy nine strains of Yersinia enterocolitica resistant to one or more antimicrobials were analyzed for integrons. Only class 1 sul1 integrons containing aadA1a (28 strains), aadA1a-dfr1-sat1 (2 strains), and dfr1-aadA1a (1 strain) gene cassettes were found. The first two types were found in clinical isolates belonging to serotype O:3, biotypes 2 to 4, and eight combined ribotypes, and the third was found in the reference strain, CECT4054 (O:8). All screened resistance markers were found in strains with and without integrons (except for chloramphenicol resistance, encoded by catA1 g

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27

Beutin, Lothar, Olivier Marchés, Karl A. Bettelheim, et al. "HEp-2 Cell Adherence, Actin Aggregation, and Intimin Types of Attaching and Effacing Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Healthy Infants in Germany and Australia." Infection and Immunity 71, no. 7 (2003): 3995–4002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.71.7.3995-4002.2003.

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ABSTRACT Fecal samples from healthy children under 2 years of age living in Berlin, Germany (205 infants), and Melbourne, Australia (184 infants), were investigated for the presence of attaching and effacing (AE) Escherichia coli (AEEC) strains by screening for eae (intimin) genes. Twenty-seven AEEC strains were isolated from 14 children (7.6%) from Melbourne and from 12 children (5.9%) from Berlin. The 27 AEEC strains were classified as enterohemorrhagic E. coli (one strain, producing Shiga toxin 1), typical enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) (one strain carrying an EPEC adherence factor [EAF] p

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28

Bowles, J., D. Blair, and D. P. McManus. "Molecular genetic characterization of the cervid strain (‘northern form’) ofEchinococcus granulosus." Parasitology 109, no. 2 (1994): 215–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000076332.

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SUMMARYWe have used a number of molecular genetic approaches to characterize the cervid strain (‘northern form’) ofEchinococcus granulosus.PCR–RFLP analysis of the nuclear ITS1 region of the rDNA repeat can readily distinguish the cervid form from other strains ofE. granulosus. The complexity of the RFLP patterns obtained suggests that a number of distinct ITS1 types are present in this strain which may represent an inter-strainE. granulosushybrid. Mitochondrial CO1 sequence of the cervid genotype was ambiguous at 18 positions and closely resembles a cluster of previously characterizedE. granu

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29

Batchelor, Miranda, Stuart Knutton, Alfredo Caprioli, et al. "Development of a Universal Intimin Antiserum and PCR Primers." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 37, no. 12 (1999): 3822–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.37.12.3822-3827.1999.

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Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) and enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) constitute a significant risk to human health worldwide. A hallmark of both pathogens is their ability to produce characteristic attaching-and-effacing (A/E) lesions in intestinal epithelial cells. Genes encoding A/E lesion formation map to a chromosomal pathogenicity island termed the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE). Intimin, an LEE-encoded bacterial adhesion molecule, mediates the intimate bacterium-host cell interaction characteristic of A/E lesions. On the basis of characterization of the C-terminal 280-amin

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30

Collman, R., N. F. Hassan, R. Walker, et al. "Infection of monocyte-derived macrophages with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Monocyte-tropic and lymphocyte-tropic strains of HIV-1 show distinctive patterns of replication in a panel of cell types." Journal of Experimental Medicine 170, no. 4 (1989): 1149–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.170.4.1149.

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To characterize the host range of different strains of HIV-1, we have used four types of cells, primary monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM), primary PBL, a promonocyte cell line (U937), and a CD4+ T cell line (SUP-T1). These cells were infected with three prototype strains of HIV-1, a putative lymphocyte-tropic strain (IIIB), and two putative monocyte-tropic strains (SF162 and DV). Infections were monitored by assays for infectious virus, for cell-free and cell-associated viral antigen (p24), and for the proportion of cells infected by immunohistochemical staining. It was concluded that: (a) th

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Daly, M., J. Buckley, E. Power, et al. "Molecular Characterization of IrishSalmonella enterica Serotype Typhimurium: Detection of Class I Integrons and Assessment of Genetic Relationships by DNA Amplification Fingerprinting." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66, no. 2 (2000): 614–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.66.2.614-619.2000.

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ABSTRACT Salmonella enterica is among the principal etiological agents of food-borne illness in humans. Increasing antimicrobial resistance in S. enterica is a cause for worldwide concern. There is concern at present in relation to the increasing incidence of human infection with antimicrobial agent-resistant strains of S. enterica serotype Typhimurium, in particular of phage type DT104. Integrons appear to play an important role in the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance genes in many Enterobacteriaceaeincluding S. enterica. In this study the antimicrobial susceptibilities and phage typ

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32

Fenner, Lukas, Andreas F. Widmer, Marc Dangel, and Reno Frei. "Distribution of spa types among meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates during a 6 year period at a low-prevalence university hospital." Journal of Medical Microbiology 57, no. 5 (2008): 612–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.47757-0.

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This study describes the distribution and frequencies of strain types by protein A-encoding gene (spa) typing among a total of 200 meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) single-patient isolates collected between 2000 and 2005 at the University Hospital Basel, Switzerland. Nine frequent spa types accounted for 49.5 % of MRSA isolates, whereas spa type t041 (15 % of all isolates) belonged to a local epidemic strain that is also a common strain type in southern Germany. Successful control of the outbreak strain was documented by epidemiological data and confirmed by spa typing results.

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Colavita, Francesca, Veronica Bordoni, Claudia Caglioti, et al. "ZIKV Infection Induces an Inflammatory Response but Fails to Activate Types I, II, and III IFN Response in Human PBMC." Mediators of Inflammation 2018 (June 3, 2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2450540.

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The recent epidemic in the Americas caused by Zika virus (ZIKV), Asian lineage, spurred the research towards a better understanding of how ZIKV infection affects the host immune response. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Asian and East African ZIKV strain infection on the induction of IFN and proinflammatory and Th2 cytokines in human PBMC. We reported a slight modulation of type II IFN in PBMC exposed to Asian strain, but not to African strain, and a complete lack of type I and III IFN induction by both strains, suggesting the ability of ZIKV to evade the IFN system not on

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34

Räsänen, L. A., R. Russa, T. Urbanik, A. Choma, H. Mayer, and K. Lindström. "Characterization of two lipopolysaccharide types isolated from Rhizobium galegae." Acta Biochimica Polonica 44, no. 4 (1997): 819–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.18388/abp.1997_4387.

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Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of Rhizobium galegae, a symbiotically nitrogen-fixing species of root-nodule bacteria, were isolated by the phenol-water method from strain HAMBI 1461, the LPS of which resembled enterobacterial smooth type LPS, and from strains HAMBI 1174 and HAMBI 1208, the LPSs of which resembled rough type LPS. The results of PAGE analysis of LPSs, Bio-Gel P2 gel filtration of polysaccharide fractions and the presence of deoxysugars and 4-O-methyl-deoxysugar both in the rough and smooth LPSs suggested that rough LPS contained a short O-antigenic polysaccharide for which we propose

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35

Griffen, Ann L., Sharon R. Lyons, Mitzi R. Becker, Melvin L. Moeschberger, and Eugene J. Leys. "Porphyromonas gingivalis Strain Variability and Periodontitis." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 37, no. 12 (1999): 4028–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.37.12.4028-4033.1999.

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To determine if there is variability in virulence among strains ofPorphyromonas gingivalis in human periodontitis, their distribution in a group of subjects with clear indicators of periodontitis and in a healthy, age-matched control group was examined. The presence of heteroduplex types of P. gingivalis in the two groups was determined with a PCR-based assay. This assay relied on detection of polymorphisms in the ribosomal internal spacer region (ISR). ISR fragments generated by PCR with P. gingivalis-specific primers were hybridized to fragments from reference strains, and the formation of h

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Genné, Dolores, Anouk Sarr, Andrea Gomez-Chamorro, et al. "Competition between strains of Borrelia afzelii inside the rodent host and the tick vector." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 285, no. 1890 (2018): 20181804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.1804.

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Multiple-strain pathogens often establish mixed infections inside the host that result in competition between strains. In vector-borne pathogens, the competitive ability of strains must be measured in both the vertebrate host and the arthropod vector to understand the outcome of competition. Such studies could reveal the existence of trade-offs in competitive ability between different host types. We used the tick-borne bacterium Borrelia afzelii to test for competition between strains in the rodent host and the tick vector, and to test for a trade-off in competitive ability between these two h

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Sung, H. J., A. Yee, S. G. Eskin, and L. V. McIntire. "Oxidative responses of two endothelial cell types to cyclic strain." Journal of Biomechanics 39 (January 2006): S313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9290(06)84228-4.

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He, Huan, Wei Li, and Kostas Senetakis. "Small strain dynamic behavior of two types of carbonate sands." Soils and Foundations 59, no. 3 (2019): 571–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2018.11.003.

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Mørch, Erna. "Serological Relationship Between a Streptococcus Strain and Some Pneumococcus Types." Acta Pathologica Microbiologica Scandinavica 21, no. 1 (2009): 96–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1699-0463.1944.tb00036.x.

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FERRUS, MARÍA A., MANUEL HERNANDEZ, and JAVIER HERNANDEZ HABA. "Ribotyping ofPseudomonas aeruginosafrom infected patients: evidence of common strain types." APMIS 106, no. 1-6 (1998): 456–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1699-0463.1998.tb01371.x.

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LI, RUN CHENG, CHAO FANG, WEI LUO, et al. "Capsular types, LPS genotypes, and virulence-associated genes of Pasteurella multocida strains isolated from pigs." Medycyna Weterynaryjna 76, no. 07 (2020): 6430–2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21521/mw.6430.

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Pasteurella multocida (P. multocida), an opportunistic zoonotic pathogen associated with high morbidity and mortality in livestock, shows significant temporal and geographical variation in its serotype distributions and phenotypic characteristics. The aim of this study was To investigate capsular types, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) genotypes, and virulence-associated genes of P. multocida strains isolated from pigs. A total of 801 samples (lungs, tonsils, nasal swabs) were collected from slaughterhouses and various regions of the Hunan province. P. multocida strains were isolated from various samp

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Johnson, William L., Michael B. Sohn, Samantha Taffner, et al. "Genomics of Staphylococcus aureus ocular isolates." PLOS ONE 16, no. 5 (2021): e0250975. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250975.

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Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of ocular infections, often resulting in devastating vision loss. Despite the significant morbidity associated with these infections, little is yet known regarding the specific strain types that may have a predilection for ocular tissues nor the set of virulence factors that drive its pathogenicity in this specific biological niche. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) can provide valuable insight in this regard by providing a prospective, comprehensive assessment of the strain types and virulence factors driving disease among specific subsets of clinical isolat

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Holz, Carine Lidiane, Samuel Paulo Cibulski, Thais Fumaco Teixeira, et al. "Serum neutralization with different types and subtypes of bovine herpesvirus 1 and 5." Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30, no. 7 (2010): 515–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-736x2010000700001.

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The serum neutralization (SN) test is the gold standard method to measure neutralizing antibodies to bovine herpesviruses. However, in view of the further subdivisions of bovine herpesviruses in types/subtypes, defining which virus to use at challenge in SN tests may be difficult. In view of that, this study was carried out to re-evaluate (SN) sensitivity with different types/subtypes of bovine herpesviruses types 1 (BoHV-1) and 5 (BoHV-5) as challenge viruses. Bovine sera (n=810) were collected from two distinct geographic regions and tested by SN with three type 1 viruses (BoHV-1.1 strains "

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O'Garro, Leonard W., Harold Gibbs, and Anthony Newton. "Mutation in the avrBs1 Avirulence Gene of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria Influences Survival of the Bacterium in Soil and Detached Leaf Tissue." Phytopathology® 87, no. 9 (1997): 960–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.1997.87.9.960.

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The role of the avrBs1 avirulence gene of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria in survival of the bacterium was investigated by testing two strains that differ in the structure and function of the gene in 37 different soil types of Barbados and detached leaf tissue of four pepper genotypes. One strain carried a mutation in the avrBs1 gene and lacked avirulence activity, while the other expressed wild-type avrBs1 activity. In 30 to 32 soil types and all leaf tissue tested, the mutant strain persisted longer and more abundantly than the wild-type strain over a 2- to 6-week period. During this

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Ueyama, Tomoyo, Xin-Xing Gu, Chao-Ming Tsai, Arthur B. Karpas, and David J. Lim. "Identification of Common Lipooligosaccharide Types in Isolates from Patients with Otitis Media by Monoclonal Antibodies against Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae 9274." Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology 6, no. 1 (1999): 96–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cdli.6.1.96-100.1999.

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ABSTRACT Twenty-one murine monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were induced by nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) 9274. Nineteen MAbs were specific for the lipooligosaccharide (LOS) as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot analysis. When the MAbs were assayed with five LOS prototype strains by ELISA, all bound to strain 3198 LOS (type III), while six of the MAbs were also reactive with LOSs from strain 1479 (type I), 5657 (type IV), or 7502 (type V). Ten MAbs had complement-mediated bactericidal activity, and three MAbs were opsonophagocytic against the homol

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NUÑO, M., M. MARTCHEVA, and C. CASTILLO-CHAVEZ. "IMMUNE LEVEL APPROACH FOR MULTIPLE STRAIN PATHOGENS." Journal of Biological Systems 17, no. 04 (2009): 713–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218339009003071.

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We introduce a general framework to study the dynamics of multiple strain pathogens that can impart cross–immunity through a variety of structures. We propose two types of immunity and apply them to assess the dynamics of two competing strains. We illustrate this framework using two "visions": the next–to–kin protection (NTKP) approach which assumes that strains confer cross–immunity to next in order (neighboring) strains, while providing no protection against all other strains; and the differential protection (DP) approach assumes that individuals randomly gain partial (may be reinfected) and

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Łagoda, Tadeusz, Karolina Głowacka, Marta Kurek, and Dariusz Skibicki. "Formulation of Strain Fatigue Criterion Based on Complex Numbers." Materials 14, no. 5 (2021): 1227. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14051227.

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In the case of many low-cycle multiaxial fatigue criteria, we encounter a mathematical problem of adding vectors of normal and shear strains. Typically, the problem of defining an equivalent strain is solved by weighting factors. Unfortunately, this ignores the fact that these vectors represent other physical quantities: the normal strain is a longitudinal strain, and the shear strain is a rotation angle. Therefore, the goal of the present work was to propose a method of combining different types of strains by adopting a system of complex numbers. The normal strain was defined as the real part

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Maslow, Joel N., Thomas Glaze, Pamela Adams, and Max Lataillade. "Concurrent Outbreak of Multidrug-Resistant and Susceptible Subclones of Acinetobacter baumannii Affecting Different Wards of a Single Hospital." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 26, no. 1 (2005): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/502489.

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AbstractBackground and Objective:Acinetobacter baumannii has emerged as an opportunistic pathogen among acutely ill patients, especially those with thermal injury. A prospective 8-month study was conducted to describe the clinical and molecular epidemiology of multidrug-resistant A. baumannii affecting a single hospital.Methods:Univariate analysis comparing Smal macrorestriction patterns of A. baumannii generated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) versus clinical and demographic risk factors.Results:A total of 200 isolates from 76 patients were collected, of which 185 isolates from 76

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Somova, L. M., F. N. Shubin, E. I. Drobot, I. N. Lyapun, and N. G. Plekhova. "Inflammation induced by different plasmid types of russian Yersinia pseudotuberculosis strains." Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity 9, no. 2 (2019): 369–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15789/2220-7619-2019-2-369-374.

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In the 2000s, a scientific interest to the Far Eastern scarlet-like fever (FESLF) mainly recorded In Russia and Japanwas remarkably increased. Such clinical and epidemic manifestation of human pseudotuberculosis is related to a certain bacterial clonal lineage characterized by a specific plasmid profile (pVM82, pYV48), sequence type (2ST) as well as the yadA gene allele (1st allele). In our study we examined features of inflammatory changes characterizing plasmidassociated pathogenicity of the FESLF pathogen. In addition, organ histopathology in experimental animals infected intraperitoneally

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Santón, Almudena, Eva Cristóbal, María Aparicio, Ana Royuela, Luisa M. Villar, and José C. Álvarez-Cermeño. "High frequency of co-infection by Epstein–Barr virus types 1 and 2 in patients with multiple sclerosis." Multiple Sclerosis Journal 17, no. 11 (2011): 1295–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1352458511411063.

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Background: The existence of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) strains specifically associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) is a matter of controversy. Little is also known about the prevalence of EBV types 1 and 2 in MS patients and the presence of co-infections by both strains. Objective: To make EBV strain type assignment and compare the frequencies of types 1, 2 and co-infections by both in MS patients and healthy controls. Methods: Blood samples from 75 consecutive MS patients and 186 controls were collected. EBV was simultaneously detected and typed using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) which a

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