Journal articles on the topic 'Strained situation'
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1
Ababio, Bethel T. "Motivation and Classroom Teaching in Geography." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 1, no. 3 (November 30, 2013): 26–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol1.iss3.112.
Abstract:
Several factors influence the teaching and learning of geography in the classroom situation. Prominent among these factors is motivation. Motivation may be described as a state of arousal in which an individual wishes to achieve a specific goal and exerts effort to do so. In the classroom, efficient learning would be impossible if motivation was absent. But this appears to be the situation in many geography classes. There are classroom situations in which student motivation is at a minimum and in which learning is correspondingly slow. In such unmotivated classes, there are geography teachers who leave their students with half formed and hazy concepts; teachers who make no attempt to select teaching procedures that will be interesting to students; teachers who criticize students negatively rather than constructively; such classes are also characterized by strained personal relationships between students and their teachers. To address these worrying concerns in the geography classroom, this article is devoted to the discussion of principles, practices and specific suggestions aimed at enabling the geography teacher to make more effective use of motivation in classroom situations.
2
Plaude, Alla. "PECULIARITIES OF COPING WITH PROBLEM SITUATION OF STUDENTS OF FORM 4 DURING THE LEARNING PROCESS." SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 2 (May 26, 2016): 260. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2016vol2.1398.
Abstract:
The Aim of the study is the peculiarities of coping with stress situations of students of Form 4 during the learning process. In many studies it is emphasised that the learning environment causes strong stress for a large number of children, which in its turn causes behaviour, emotional and mental problems. The present study analyses the most frequent stress situations, how children cope with them and how the types of coping with stress situations impact the learning results.The results of empirical study demonstrate that 52% of children are of the opinion that the causes for disturbances of mental balance are various physical traumas; problems in learning take up the second place, then follow strained relationships with peers and parents and various emotional experiences related to the situation caused by loss and fear.The strategy of adaptive coping has a positive correlation with the learning result. The strategy of passive behaviour has a negative correlation with the learning success. The correlations obtained in the study confirm also the findings made in other studies that if children don’t know how to use the strategies of adaptive behaviour or compensatory skills which help to solve problem situations, they have lower learning results, which can cause various emotional problems.
3
Toporkov, V. P., L. N. Velichko, A. E. Shiyanova, and O. V. Kedrova. "The Tendency of Plague Morbidity Dynamics in the World." Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections, no. 3(97) (June 20, 2008): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21055/0370-1069-2008-3(97)-22-25.
Abstract:
The analysis of sickness rate carried out from 1984 to 2007 revealed the complicated epidemiologic situation with plague in the world, especially during the period of 1991-2003. The most strained situation formed in Africa. During the analyzed period the tendency to increase the plague incidence in the world - 2.4-fold, in Africa - 4.1-fold and to decrease in America - 11.1-fold and in Asia - 1.7-fold was observed. Uneven character of plague cases distribution in the world was determined: 80.1 % of cases were registered in Africa, 14.1 % - in Asia and 5.8 % - in America. From 1990 to 2006 10 local outbreaks of pneumonic plague were registered in the world: 4 - in Asia, 5 - in Africa and 1 - in America.
4
Pătru, Alina. "Cultural differences and their impact on the ecumenical issue in today’s Judaism." Review of Ecumenical Studies Sibiu 9, no. 1 (April 25, 2017): 53–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ress-2017-0005.
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Abstract It is not only the case of Christianity that different religious options spring from cultural differences, but it goes the same for other religions too, even for ethnic religions. Using the example of today Judaism, this study seeks to show how different cultural backgrounds lead to different religious forms, and how they may bring about tensions between members of the same religion. I shall bring up to discussion situations where the cultural differences are finally bridged, as well as others where they persist, feeding the strained relationship. Via the example of Judaism, I shall elaborate on the importance of non-religious factors in the appearance of confessional differences and the attitude towards other practitioners. The material allows theologians to draw a comparison with the situation within Christianity and to reach to useful conclusions for Christian ecumenism.
5
Evtushenko, Yu G., and A. A. Tret’yakov. "2-factor Newton method for solving the constrained optimization problem with the singular Kuhn—Tucker system." Доклады Академии наук 485, no. 1 (May 22, 2019): 19–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0869-5652485119-21.
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A new method for solving the inequality constrained optimization problem is proposed for the case when the system of necessary optimality conditions of Kuhn—Tucker is degenerate. This situation occurs for example in the case when strict complementarity conditions fails in solution point. The reduction of the inequalities con- strained optimization problem to the equalities constrained problem is substantiated and the use of a new 2-fac- tor Newton method for the effective solution of the obtained degenerate system of optimality conditions is shown.
6
Mangelsen, Sophie, Nancy Kadur, and Patrick Stuebs. "The efficacy of psycho-oncological intervention on anxiety and depression in gastrointestinal tumor patients." Journal of Clinical Oncology 36, no. 34_suppl (December 1, 2018): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2018.36.34_suppl.160.
Abstract:
160 Background: We aimed to investigate the degree of anxiety and depression associated with the physical consequences of gastrointestinal tumors in relation to the treatment situation. Methods: 104 patients undergoing chemotherapeutic treatment were included in the study. The efficacy of the interventions and the changes in the stress level were evaluated by using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Additionally, three intervention groups in individual setting: Conversational, relaxation and psycho-educational. Results: We demonstrate that overall the gastrointestinal patients were psychologically strained by anxiety and depression before the start of psycho-oncological intervention (at the beginning of chemotherapy). MA_t1 = 6,61 ( mA_t1_curative = 6,55 ; mA_t1_palliative = 6,64); η 2 A_t1 = 0,667; MD_t1 = 6,68 ( mD_t1_curative = 6,28 ; mD_t1_palliative = 6,88). Palliative patients seemed to be more strained in descriptive terms than patients in curative treatment situation. We determined an increase in a clinically relevant cutoff of about 32 % (anxiety) to about 54 % (depressiveness) in both pre-post survey groups. Anxiety and depressiveness showed a declining trend towards the end of the intervention or chemotherapy, independent of the curative or palliative treatment situation. Differential effects in effectiveness on anxiety and depression levels were observed between the various interventions ( p > .05). A significant decrease in anxiety towards the end of chemotherapy was empirically evident only in patients in adjuvant treatment ( MA_t1 = 6.95; Mt2 = 4.97; p > .016), we did not observe any correlation with the interventions. In addition, a reduction in both anxiety and depressiveness was found in the relaxation group in patients in adjuvant treatment. Conclusions: Our data demonstrates the importance of relaxation and discussion intervention over a purely psycho-educative intervention. A particular strength of our study lies in its longitudinal design and in its focus on a group of patients with exclusively gastrointestinal tumors. Further studies are needed to optimize the therapeutic potential of relaxation and discussion intervention in gastrointestinal cancer.
7
Stepchenkova, Svetlana, and Elena Shichkova. "Attractiveness of the United States as a travel destination for the Russian tourist in the era of strained bilateral relations." International Journal of Tourism Cities 3, no. 1 (March 6, 2017): 87–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijtc-10-2016-0047.
Abstract:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the attractiveness of a global tourism destination when the country of that destination and the country that provides the source market are in a situation of political and economic conflict. In this study, the USA is the vacation destination, and Russia is the tourism generating region. Design/methodology/approach In May 2015, 18 Russian tourists from a large regional urban center participated in qualitative semi-structured interviews. The interviews took place in the situational context of strained bilateral relations between the USA and Russia over events in Ukraine, Crimea, and Donbass, as well as economic sanctions that had been in effect for almost a year at the time of the interviews. Findings Respondents expressed substantial interest in vacationing in the USA despite their strong disagreement with USA international policies. While domestic tourism offerings were evaluated as inferior to those of other international destinations, patriotic sentiments with respect to domestic tourism were registered. Practical implications Brand USA is still very attractive to the potential tourists, especially such components as major cities, entertainment, oceans, beaches and resorts, as well as the vastness of its national parks. The absence of information with respect to travel to USA was noticed by all respondents. Originality/value The study is conducted in a situation of ongoing conflict between the two countries and explores how the feelings of animosity toward the USA influence the desire of Russian tourists to vacation in the USA.
8
Demenko, O. "Central Asia in Modern System of International Security." Problems of World History, no. 9 (November 26, 2019): 146–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.46869/2707-6776-2019-9-7.
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The article explores the specificities in formation and implementation of security policy in the area of Central Asia. It analyzes basic global, regional and internal problems, which are considered to bethe main threat to regional stability. The article also formulates the grounds for the objection that current system of international security in the area is distinguished by complicated and multi – levelnature. It is formed through the activity of numerous international organizations, such as UN, OSCE, SCO, CSTO, EEU, NATO. Security situation in Central Asia is significantly influenced by RussianFederation, People’s Republic of China and the USA, the relations between which have recently become strained. The author develops the argumentation that security situation in Central Asiaremains complicated and unforeseen. The knot of global, regional and internal problems is overlapped strongly in the area and those problems have become the potential threat to regional stability.
9
Pokhrel, Bhabani. "Strained Identity: Cultural and Religious Rituals of a Musahar Community." Social Inquiry: Journal of Social Science Research 2, no. 1 (May 10, 2020): 128–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/sijssr.v2i1.28912.
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This article portrays the Musahars, untouchable by tradition, as observing their cultural and religious rituals despite strains of change surrounding their identity. One of the diverse ethnic minorities of the Tarai plains of Nepal, the community exhibits a distinct set of characteristics, meriting ethnographic attention. Past studies have looked into their socio-economic situation but their cultural and religious practices, markers of their identity, are less studied. In that context, this paper has done the desk and field reviews of the cultural and religious traits seen in a small Musahar cluster of Province 1. The objectives were to describe the community’s everyday practices, what its members eat and drink, how they observe their life-cycle rituals, their feast and festivals, dresses and ornaments in light of literature, field observation and intensive interviews. The primary and secondary data are used to describe the everyday practices and strains of change in the Musahar identity. Interviews were held with four participants sampled purposively from Ward 1 of Biratnagar Metropolis, in Morang. The findings of this paper are expected to be useful for researchers interested in this particular community as well as for planners and policymakers who seek to bring the downtrodden community into the mainstream of development.
10
Rashmi Jaiswal. "World Health Day 2021: Amidst the Backdrop of COVID-19." International Healthcare Research Journal 5, no. 1 (April 25, 2021): SC1—SC2. http://dx.doi.org/10.26440/ihrj/0501.04408.
Abstract:
The world is currently going through a situation where we can see rising deaths due to COVID-19. If these records continue to hike in the same manner, then the day is not so far when, we will contribute to this and take this list further. With an already strained healthcare system across the globe, all countries are plagued by the emergence of the various waves of the pandemic. With the target to vaccinate the entire global population, the World Health Day 2021 with the theme “Building a Fairer, Healthier World” offers hope for a better, COVID-19 free world.
11
Dharmasoma, Neerodha. "Breast Feeding in Pandemic Situation. How Does Sri Lanka Face the Challenge?" Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab029_015.
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Abstract Objectives Sri Lanka has been awarded the first-ever ‘Green’ breastfeeding (BF) nation status by the World Breastfeeding Trends Initiative (WBTi) in January 2020 (1) with the support of public health system. But, deviating attention of health services towards emergency pandemic situation has resulted in strained health systems and interruptions in humanitarian response leading to eroding access to essential and often life-saving nutrition services. Therefore, optimal breast feeding practices are at risk due to infected mothers’ isolation practices, exhausted public health system and misbeliefs among the community (2). This finds out how Sri Lanka plans to maintain high standards of breast feeding in pandemic situation. Methods We searched for the publications on breast feeding, Sri Lanka in pandemic situation from January 2020 to date. Results As a low and middle income country with an unbeatable public health system, Sri Lanka has already issued an interim guideline for public health staff in continuation maternal and child care services (3). It ensures domiciliary visits by public health midwives (PHMs), although the clinic based teaching sessions on breast feeding have been cancelled. Community awareness has been created that no evidence of transmission of SARS COV-2 via breast milk is available and how the benefits of breast feeding outweigh the risk of infection (4). It is recommended that breast feeding shouldn't be interrupted at all and hand hygienic practices before touching the baby are ideal. Infected mothers can wear a protective mask and rooming in, and kangaroo mother care should be practiced. Sri Lanka already had guidelines on ensuring adequate and appropriate infant feeding guidelines in emergency situations (5). Conclusions Despite the challenges faced by community and public health staff, Sri Lanka make efforts to maintain the achieved breast feeding standards. Further studies are needed to assess the impact of the pandemic on breast feeding practices in near future. Funding Sources None
12
Hunt, Matthew R., Lisa Schwartz, and Veronique Fraser. "“How Far Do You Go and Where Are the Issues Surrounding That?” Dilemmas at the Boundaries of Clinical Competency in Humanitarian Health Work." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 28, no. 5 (July 26, 2013): 502–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x13008698.
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AbstractYou go from here to there, and here you're specialized in one particular sort of thing, there you may be asked to do all sorts of things outside your specialty. How far do you go and where are the issues surrounding that?Canadian physician discussing experiences in humanitarian aid workHealth professionals working in humanitarian relief projects encounter a range of ethical challenges. Applying professional and ethical norms may be especially challenging in crisis settings where needs are elevated, resources scarce, and socio-political structures strained. Situations when clinicians must decide whether to provide care that is near the margins of their professional competency are a source of moral uncertainty that can give rise to moral distress. The authors suggest that responding ethically to these dilemmas requires more than familiarity with ethical codes of conduct and guidelines; it requires practical wisdom, that is, the ability to relate past experience and general guidance to a current situation in order to render a morally sound action. Two sets of questions are proposed to guide reflection and deliberation for clinicians who face competency dilemmas. The first is prospective and intended to aid clinicians in evaluating an unfolding situation. The second is retrospective and designed to support debriefing about past experiences and difficult situations. The aim of this analysis is to support clinicians in evaluating competency dilemmas and provide ethical care and services.HuntMR, SchwartzL, FraserV. “How Far Do You Go and Where Are the Issues Surrounding That?” Dilemmas at the Boundaries of Clinical Competency in Humanitarian Health Work. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2013;28(5):1-7.
13
Sun, Xiao Lu, Liang Zhang, and Yu Mei Zhang. "The Approaches and Implementing Measures of Building Energy Conservation." Advanced Materials Research 953-954 (June 2014): 1600–1603. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.953-954.1600.
Abstract:
Building energy consumption is huge, with the emergence of global energy crisis and environmental problems and the concept of low carbon environmental protection, in order to relieve the strained situation of world energy, energy-saving building began to get attention widely. By means of the reasonable design and material selection for architecture, energy-saving buildings reduce the operation energy consumption, through scientific methods and using environmental protection materials to raise science and technology content of construction, by internal control of building, such as temperature, lighting, noise within the range of suitable for human settlement, to provide a healthy, comfortable and ecological living space for residents.
14
Cooper, C. J. "Energy and transport issues for Gauteng, South Africa." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 18, no. 2 (May 1, 2007): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2007/v18i2a3369.
Abstract:
Rapid urbanisation brings unwelcome negative impacts, and places excessive pressure on infra-structure development and maintenance. In partic-ular, transport networks become congested with negative impacts on energy logistics. The liquid fuel situation of South Africa and Gauteng is briefly examined. The paper considers the impact of con-strained oil supply, and supply infrastructure, on transport. The author further suggests that the authorities in Gauteng should critically examine an ultra light rail option in order to reduce reliance on imported oil, while helping reduce road congestion. A more energy efficient transport network for the province, able to meet the transport needs of pas-sengers and business, will help decrease environ-mentally damaging emissions.
15
TARTAGLIA, ANGELO. "A STRAINED SPACE-TIME TO EXPLAIN THE LARGE SCALE PROPERTIES OF THE UNIVERSE." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 03 (January 2011): 303–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194511001401.
Abstract:
Space-time can be treated as a four-dimensional material continuum. The corresponding generally curved manifold can be thought of as having been obtained, by continuous deformation, from a flat four-dimensional Euclidean manifold. In a three-dimensional ordinary situation such a deformation process would lead to strain in the manifold. Strain in turn may be read as half the difference between the actual metric tensor and the Euclidean metric tensor of the initial unstrained manifold. On the other side we know that an ordinary material would react to the attempt to introduce strain giving rise to internal stresses and one would have correspondingly a deformation energy term. Assuming the conditions of linear elasticity hold, the deformation energy is easily written in terms of the strain tensor. The Einstein-Hilbert action is generalized to include the new deformation energy term. The new action for space-time has been applied to a Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker universe filled with dust and radiation. The accelerated expansion is recovered, then the theory has been put through four cosmological tests: primordial isotopic abundances from Big Bang Nucleosynthesis; Acoustic Scale of the CMB; Large Scale Structure formation; luminosity/redshift relation for type Ia supernovae. The result is satisfying and has allowed to evaluate the parameters of the theory.
16
Akhmedov, Erjan. "Migration Processes in the Western Regions of Kazakhstan: Potential Government Measures to Mitigate Negative Consequences of the Current Economic Crisis." Regional and Business Studies 10, no. 1 (July 5, 2019): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.33568/rbs.2335.
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The migration situation in Kazakhstan is one of the most complex ones in the World. The current oil price plunge, which started in mid-2014, has seriously affected the oil-dependent Kazakh economy as well as the social sphere in general and the migration situation in particular. This article starts with a general overview of the migration situation in the country, studies the correlation between changes in real GDP and balance of migration and then addresses the migration processes in the Western oil-producing regions of the country. The paper specifically addresses these regions because they are more attractive, as half of all foreign labor force officially working in the country is employed hereas well as most of the illegal and in-country migrants. Alsowe should not omit one very important factor – in the oil producing regions of the country the relations between the local population and labor migrants are traditionally strained. Over the last 30 years there were many cases of social unrests and clashes between Kazakh and foreign workers. These facts show how important this problem is and that neglecting it by businesses, government entities and the local population can provoke further social problems. The article analyzes potential consequences of the current oil plunge on migration dynamics and recommends actions to be taken by government entities to mitigate the resulting negative consequences.
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Omodan, Dr Bunmi I. "Deconstructing Social Unrest as a Response to Redefine Strained Relationships between Students and University Authorities." International Journal of Higher Education 9, no. 6 (September 18, 2020): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v9n6p178.
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University system in Nigeria has been characterised by persistent social unrest majorly traceable to strained relationships between students and university authorities. Observations, experiences and literature confirmed that student unrest in the universities had become a compulsory devil affecting the speedy actualisation of university goals and objectives. The need to dismantle the social space for relative peace and tranquillity thereof become expedient. The study aims to redefine students-university authority relationships as a tool to deconstruct social unrest in Nigeria universities. Human Relations Theory of Management (HRTM) was used to theorise the study. Transformative paradigm as a stance to emancipate the existing unrest situation was used to lens the study. Participatory Action Research (PAR) was adopted as a research design for the study. The sample size for this study consists of 10 participants, namely, three students' leaders; one past student leaders, three university management members, two lecturers and two security personnel selected using expert sampling techniques. The Focused Group Discussion (FGD) was used to collect data from the participants, and the data collected were analysed using Socio-thematic Analysis. The study revealed that inadequate funding was a significant challenge resulting in student unrest. In contrast, the provision of Students' Personnel Services coupled with modern maintenance culture, transparency and accountability were found to be the dimension of peaceful university operation devoid of social unrest and therefore becomes a tool to deconstruct the strained relationship between students and university authorities.
18
Riu, Martin-Louis Y., Rebecca L. Jones, Wesley J. Transue, Peter Müller, and Christopher C. Cummins. "Isolation of an elusive phosphatetrahedrane." Science Advances 6, no. 13 (March 2020): eaaz3168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaz3168.
Abstract:
This exploratory synthesis investigation was undertaken to determine the viability of replacing a single carbon vertex with another p-block element in a highly strained tetrahedrane molecule. Phosphorus was selected for this purpose because the stable molecular form of elemental phosphorus is tetrahedral. Our synthetic strategy was to generate an unsaturated phosphorus center bonded to a substituted cyclopropenyl group, a situation that could lead to closure to provide the desired phosphatetrahedrane framework. This was accomplished by dehydrofluorination of the in situ generated fluorophosphine H(F)P(CtBu)3. Tri-tert-butyl phosphatetrahedrane, P(CtBu)3, was then isolated in 19% yield as a low-melting, volatile, colorless solid and characterized spectroscopically and by a single-crystal x-ray diffraction study, confirming the tetrahedral nature of the molecule’s PC3 core. The molecule exhibits unexpected thermal stability.
19
Weber, Manfred. "EU–Turkey relations need an honest new start." European View 17, no. 1 (March 22, 2018): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1781685818765095.
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The EU has a fundamental interest in having a constructive relationship with Turkey. However, the EU–Turkey relationship has become strained over recent years. This is why EU–Turkey relations need a new start, based on honesty about the long-term goal: EU membership is not an option for Turkey. Instead, the EU and Turkey should focus on concrete fields of cooperation. Humanitarian aid in the refugee crisis is a good example of a field in which a joint solution has been successful, as is the protection of the common external border. More joint action from the EU and Turkey is needed as regards the situation in Syria and Iraq. Turkey must overcome its democratic shortcomings. Further economic cooperation will depend on the application of the rule of law in Turkey.
20
Gomolka, CJ. "Queer (af)filiations: Houria Bouteldja and decolonial feminism." French Cultural Studies 31, no. 4 (October 26, 2020): 304–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957155820961652.
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This article analyses Houria Bouteldja’s conceptualisation of decolonial feminism as a product of the queer (af)filiations between past and present socio-cultural, linguistic, and epistemological resources and as productive of dynamic, but also strained, transactions across generations, epistemologies, and material realities traversing a variety of local and global geographies. This analysis is framed in reference to specific social, cultural, political, sexual, and linguistic anxieties that inform the socio-political stances adopted in Houria Bouteldja’s ideological investments in the decolonial generally and in decolonial feminism specifically. Finally, the article will propose the notion of queer (af)filiations as a productive interface through which to articulate a socio-political project inclusive of all decolonial members of the postcolonial situation and a more nuanced understanding of translocal and global (af)filiations within decolonialité.
21
Ideström, Jonas, and Stig Linde. "Welfare State Supporter and Civil Society Activist: Church of Sweden in the “Refugee Crisis” 2015." Social Inclusion 7, no. 2 (June 24, 2019): 4–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/si.v7i2.1958.
Abstract:
2015 was a year of an unprecedented migration from the Middle East to Europe. Sweden received almost 163,000 asylum applications. The civil society, including the former state church, took a notable responsibility. In a situation where the welfare systems are increasingly strained, and both the welfare state and the majority church are re-regulated, we ask: how does this play out in local contexts? This article reports from a theological action research project within a local parish in the Church of Sweden. The Lutheran church has from year 2000 changed its role to an independent faith denomination. The study describes the situation when the local authority and the parish together run temporary accommodation for young asylum seekers. For the local authority the choice of the church as a collaborator was a strategic choice. For the local parish this occasion verified the mission of the church. Confirming its former role as carrier of societal beliefs and values the Church of Sweden supports the welfare state. At the same time, the church explores a new role as a faith denomination and part of the civil society.
22
Needleman, A., and V. Tvergaard. "Analyses of Plastic Flow Localization in Metals." Applied Mechanics Reviews 45, no. 3S (March 1, 1992): S3—S18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3121390.
Abstract:
The continuum mechanics framework for analyzing plastic flow localization is reviewed. The prediction of the localization of deformation into shear bands is sensitive to the constitutive description. The classical isotropic hardening elastic-plastic solid with a smooth yield surface and normality is very resistant to localization, but deviations from these idealizations have a strong effect. Thus, a material that forms a sharp vertex on the yield surface, as predicted by crystal plasticity, shows flow localization at quite realistic levels of strain, and even the formation of a rounded vertex on the yield surface has an important influence. Also softening induced by material damage or by the heating due to plastic dissipation have significant influence in promoting the onset of flow localization. In a practical situation one effect, such as thermal softening under high deformation rates, may be the dominant cause of localization, but often the interaction of different effects appears to be the more realistic explanation of observed flow localization. Some relevant constitutive models are reviewed and the effect of the different material models on localization predictions is illustrated. Important information on localization behavior in uniformly strained solids is obtained by a relatively simple material stability analysis, but often failure by flow localization occurs in nonuniformly strained regions, where numerical solution procedures are necessary to obtain theoretical predictions. The numerical results reviewed cover localization under dynamic as well as quasi-static loading conditions.
23
Yue, Yong Qiang, Chun Xia Sun, Peng Fei Liu, and Xiang Hui Meng. "Study on Large Inclined Angle Integrated Caving Hydraulic Support Stability Control." Advanced Materials Research 744 (August 2013): 121–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.744.121.
Abstract:
Analyzed the main factors of affecting hydraulic support stability, this paper analyses anti-topple and antiskid technology to apply to inclined angle 15~33°and compatible supports ZF4200/16/26. Through the practical application in shanjia mine, it can meet large inclined angle mine demands. The follows were studied that can influence the stability of support in large inclined angle coal seam. Every roof situation in the direction of large inclined angle suffering different stress lead to different caving property, and the roof motivation can affect other supports strained condition and stability. Caving mechanism behind the caving coal support suffer downward force, and the force is put on caving shield and tail beam, so it makes supports generate angle of bank. The support would lose its stability with working face processing and supports advancing for descending support and losing point of support.
24
Walker, Jennifer. "Church, State and an Operatic Outlaw: Jules Massenet's Hérodiade." Cambridge Opera Journal 31, no. 2-3 (July 2019): 211–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954586720000014.
Abstract:
AbstractWhen Jules Massenet began work on Hérodiade in the late 1870s, he likely expected to see his work premiered at the Paris Opéra. But the coveted Parisian premiere was not to be. Based on a liberal reworking of the infamous tale of Herod, Salome and John the Baptist, Hérodiade undoubtedly challenges traditional Catholic doctrine. Yet Massenet's opera was not as ‘secular’ as it may seem. I argue here that it draws instead on a Republican-friendly brand of Catholicism that encouraged individual religiosity as an anticlerical strategy. Herein, I argue, lay the reasons why Hérodiade was outlawed. It was not so much the libretto's liberal transformations of biblical characters as what those transformations represented both to the Catholic Church and to the French state: in the end the representation of a simultaneously Republican and Catholic Christ presented a dangerous analogue to the country's strained political situation.
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Moreira, Cristina, and Jari Eloranta. "Importance of «weak» states during conflicts: Portuguese trade with the United States during the Revolutionary and Napoleonic wars." Revista de Historia Económica / Journal of Iberian and Latin American Economic History 29, no. 3 (August 11, 2011): 393–423. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0212610911000139.
Abstract:
AbstractThis paper focuses on the analysis of weak states in the international trading system during the Revolutionary and Napoleonic crises, especially on Portugal's trade relations with the United States. We argue that the previous studies of the trade flows during these conflicts have not paid enough attention on smaller actors. Even though the Peninsular War caused severe disruption of agricultural production in Portugal, the United States, despite its strained relations with an ally of Portugal, Great Britain, became a key supplier for the Portuguese market. Clearly, the threatened position of the peninsula, and the need to supply the troops, awarded the Portuguese some room to manoeuvre in the international markets. Total war was not a constraint for all states — economic necessities trumped political and diplomatic concerns during the era of the first real-world wars. This situation was a temporary one, only to change after the conflict.
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Bird, R. M., and C. Wallich. "Local Finance and Economic Reform in Eastern Europe." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 12, no. 3 (September 1994): 263–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c120263.
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Extensive decentralization, both political and fiscal, is taking place in many of the countries newly emerging from behind the socialist veil. Decentralization represents both a reaction from below to the previously tight political control from the center and an attempt from above to further the privatization of the economy and to relieve the strained fiscal situation of the central government. Although there are of course many variations in this process from country to country, some important common elements arise from the similar institutional starting point in all countries and the common transitional problems most of them are facing. The on-going reforms of subnational finance in the transitional economies are more important than seems generally to be recognized. The design of a well-functioning intergovernmental fiscal system is key to many of the major reform goals of the transition economies—macroeconomic stability, privatization, and the social safety net.
27
Sanyaolu, Adekunlle, Chuku Okorie, Zaheeda Hosein, Risha Patidar, Priyank Desai, Stephanie Prakash, Urooj Jaferi, Jasmine Mangat, and Aleksandra Marinkovic. "446. COVID 19 Pandemicity: a global situation report as of June 9, 2020." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 7, Supplement_1 (October 1, 2020): S291. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.639.
Abstract:
Abstract Background The World Health Organization (WHO) declared severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) a pandemic on March 11, 2020. This report takes a closer look at the cases, fatalities, and recoveries in different regions of the world with details regarding the geographic scale of SARS-CoV-2 spread, risks, and the subsequent impact on the countries affected. Also, this report discusses some effective measures that were carried out by some countries that helped them to mitigate the pandemic and flatten the curve of COVID-19 spread as early as possible. Methods Our research was conducted via an electronic literature review on PubMed, Google Scholar, and MedLine Plus. Data were then collected from peer-reviewed articles that included applicable keywords and published between January 1, 2020, and June 9, 2020 Results The rapid spread of infection has impacted over 200 countries and territories to date. As of June 9, 2020, there were 7,039,918 confirmed cases and 404,396 deaths globally. The USA is the North American country with the highest number of confirmed COVID 19 cases with 1,993,560. In South America, total confirmed cases in Brazil are 691,758. The most affected country in the African region is South Africa with 50,879. In Europe, the Russian Federation top with 485,253 confirmed cases. China with 84,638 is still the Western Pacific country with the most confirmed COVID 19 cases. India had 266,598 total confirmed cases and Australia reported 7,265 confirmed cases. Fatalities recorded similar patterns regionally except in Europe where the UK recorded the highest number of fatalities with 40,597 deaths and Iran had the highest number of fatalities with 5,957 cases in Asia. The goal of the practice “slowing the spread” is to prevent hospital systems from being strained beyond their capacity, thus resulting in less mortality. Countries yet to see the peak would benefit substantially by implementing aggressive social distancing, self-isolation, closure of schools and other institutions, encouraging working from home, and/or placing hard limits on the size of crowds at events. Confirmed cases of COVID-19 globally, as of June 9, 2020. Confirmed fatalities due to COVID-19 globally, as of June 9, 2020. Conclusion As the number of cases increases, an immediate need to “flatten the curve” is essential to avoid catastrophic overwhelming of hospital systems across the affected countries. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures
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Larin, O., A. Kelin, R. Naryzhna, K. Potopalska, and O. Trubayev. "Analysis of the Pump Strength to Extend its Lifetime." Nuclear and Radiation Safety, no. 3(79) (August 28, 2018): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.32918/nrs.2018.3(79).05.
Abstract:
The paper deals with the estimation of the residual strength of the body of water jet pump SN-10 /50K type operating in the beyond design lifetime in the line of NPP unit sprinkler pumps. The results of theoretical studies of its stressed-strained state are presented taking into account change in the geometry of body parts, which was observed after completion of the design lifetime. Static strength assessment was carried out for the main operating modes of the pump operation (normal operating conditions and hydraulic tests), as well as for conditions of an emergency situation. Corresponding researches were carried out in the framework of numerical computer simulation on the basis of the finite element method using up-to-date software complexes. 3D finite element models have been developed that take into account actual geometry of the pump components and the forecast of its possible change for a period of extended lifetime. The change in the design geometry is taken into account based on the extrapolation of the data of thickness measurement of the pump body walls obtained during the long service period. Based on the built finite-element models, the tasks of thermal conductivity and thermoelasticity have been consistently solved. The phenomenon of thermal shock on body parts was simulated that allow assessing residual pump strength in case of an emergency. Corresponding simulation was carried out by solving the problems of nonstationary thermal conductivity and the related problem of quasi-static thermoelasticity. Such an approach made it possible to determine the distribution of the temperature field over time under thermal shock, and the distribution of the stressed-strained state parameters of the pump at certain time moments.
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Dołowy-Rybińska, Nicole. "Informal bilingual teachers’ language practices and the consequences on pupils’ language choices in a situation of unequal bilingualism: The case of an Upper Sorbian education system." Multilingua 39, no. 2 (March 26, 2020): 169–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/multi-2018-0101.
Abstract:
AbstractThis paper investigates how bilingual Upper Sorbian-German teachers who belong to the Sorbian speech community (Lusatia, Germany) introduce the minority language during German language lessons in an Upper Sorbian school. In Lusatia, as well as in Sorbian schools, bilingualism is not of equal character; minority language speakers are all bilingual while the German language speakers are not encouraged to speak Sorbian. The language policy of Upper Lusatia gives Sorbs the right to use their language in public life in principle but due to the strained Sorbian-German relations, language ideologies, and hostile attitudes towards the use of minority language in the presence of Germans Sorbs do not benefit from it in practice. The school language policy divides Sorbian-speakers from pupils of German-speaking families and keeps the teaching of Sorbian separate for both groups. Only during the last two years of school are all language groups mixed. Based on participant observation of and in-depth interviews with bilingual teachers during lessons with students of the 11th grade in one Upper Sorbian school this article discusses how teachers negotiate top-down language policy in their classrooms and, introduce bilingualism; and how their language choices affect students’ language practices.
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Ncube, Cornelias. "The 2013 Elections in Zimbabwe: End of an Era for Human Rights Discourse?" Africa Spectrum 48, no. 3 (December 2013): 99–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000203971304800305.
Abstract:
This paper examines the implications of Zimbabwe's 2013 harmonised elections on the opposition's continued deployment of the rights-based discourse to make moral and political claims against and demands of the state. Since 2000, two polarising strands of the human rights discourse −1) the right to self-determination and 2) civil and political rights – were deployed by the state and the opposition, respectively, in order to challenge extant relations and structures of power. The acutely strained state–society relations in post-2000 Zimbabwe emanated from human rights violations by the state as it responded to challenges to its political power and legitimacy. However, the relative improvement in the human rights situation in the country since the 2009 coalition government came into office, and during and since the recently concluded peaceful 2013 elections – the flawed electoral process itself notwithstanding – suggests a need for alternative new ways to make moral and political demands of the state in the future.
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Popov, N. V., I. G. Karnaukhov, N. D. Pakskina, G. A. Eroshenko, A. A. Kuznetsov, A. N. Matrosov, A. M. Porshakov, et al. "Analysis of the Current Epidemiological Situation in Natural Plague Foci around the World. Enhancement of the Effectiveness of Epidemiological Surveillance in Natural Plague Foci of the Russian Federation and Forecast of their Epizootic Activity for 2019." Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections, no. 1 (April 3, 2019): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21055/0370-1069-2019-1-81-88.
Abstract:
The paper presents the analysis of epidemic activity of natural plague foci around the world, including in CIS and the Russian Federation, over the period of 2000–2018. It was established that in 2010–2018, epidemic manifestations took place in natural plague foci where the main carriers are synanthropic (black, multinippled rats) and commercial (marmots, souslik, ground squirrels) species of rodents. Retaining of low epizootic activity of lowland natural plague foci in the territory of the Russian Federation is observed. In 2018, plague epizooties were detected in the territory of the Gorno-Altai high-mountain and Tuva mountain natural foci, the total coverage area being 2641 km2. 13 strains of the main subspecies and 6 strains of Altaic subspecies of plague microbe were isolated. Demonstrated were the prospects of GIS-technology usage for the enhancement of epidemiological surveillance over plague in Russia. Epizootiological forecast for persisting challenging epidemiological situation in Kosh-Agach district of the Republic of Altai and Mongun-Taiginsky, Ovyursky and Tes-Khemsky Kozhuuns of the Republic of Tuva was substantiated. Recorded was high probability of retention of strained epizootic and epidemiological situation in the south and central parts of the desert zone in the Republic of Kazakhstan, high-mountain areas of the Republic of Kyrgyzstan. Also conservation of epidemic risks for the territories of the countries in Africa (Republic of Madagascar), South (Peru, Bolivia), and North (USA) America, China, and Mongolia was noted.
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Knauss, W. G., and G. U. Losi. "Crack Propagation in a Nonlinearly Viscoelastic Solid With Relevance to Adhesive Bond Failure." Journal of Applied Mechanics 60, no. 4 (December 1, 1993): 793–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2900985.
Abstract:
The problem of crack propagation through a material possessing nonlinearly viscoelastic material response is considered, including the influence of stress-induced free-volume changes on the rheology, as well as the formation of voids as material failure is approached. This particular material response is confined to a thin layer along the crack propagation axis, while the bulk of the material behaves in a linearly viscoelastic manner, thus simulating the situation arising in the growth of a crazeled crack, or the failure of a bonded joint with a thin adhesive layer strained uniformly across its thickness. The nonlinear material behavior thus governs simultaneously the stress and strain distribution at the crack tip as well as the crack speed solely in dependence on the applied load (stress intensity factor). Only quasi-static motion is considered, the velocities being understood to be “reduced” by temperature according to a time-temperature superposition principle. Comparisons with a model based on linearly viscoelastic considerations and rate-insensitive properties of the damaged material are presented.
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Forster, Beat, Franz Meier, Rolf Gall, and Christoph Zahn. "Erfahrungen im Umgang mit Buchdrucker-Massenvermehrungen (Ips typographus L.) nach Sturmereignissen in der Schweiz | Management of the eight-toothed spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus) during mass attacks – experiences after windfall in Switzerland." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 154, no. 11 (November 1, 2003): 431–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2003.0431.
Abstract:
In 1990 and 1999 two heavy storms struck Europe, the worst gales ever recorded in Switzerland. Millions of cubic metres of standing spruce trees were subsequently attacked by the eight-toothed spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus L.). In Swiss forests, such heavy mass attacks have never been observed before. From 1990 to 1996 standing trees infested by beetles totalled 50% of the spruce timber thrown by the 1990 storm. Logistics sometimes made it impossible to remove all windthrown timber before new generations of beetles emerged. Forest services and forest owners were forced to set priorities. The strained financial situation of many owners and ecological aspects were also reasons for changing forest protection strategies and leaving some storm and bark beetle damaged areas uncleared. In regions with such areas, the amount of subsequent bark beetle attack approximately doubled compared with other regions where storm damages and infestation spots were thoroughly cleared. To answer questions of new risk assessment, projects were started on scolytid behaviour in differently treated regions and in buffer zones.
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Stepchenkova, Svetlana, Andrei P. Kirilenko, and Elena Shichkova. "Influential factors for intention to visit an adversarial nation: increasing robustness and validity of findings." International Journal of Tourism Cities 5, no. 3 (November 29, 2019): 491–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijtc-11-2018-0085.
Abstract:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the drivers of visitation intention, including demographic, psychographic (animosity, national attachment and consumer ethnocentrism) and image factors on tourist decision-making in a situation of bilateral conflict between the destination country and the source country, that is, the USA and Russia, respectively. Design/methodology/approach The data were collected at two different points in time from two different samples but analyzed with the same research question in mind. To increase the robustness and validity of findings, three analytical approaches from the repertoire of statistics and data mining techniques such as hierarchical linear regression, logistic regression and decision tree analysis were applied to two independent samples of tourists with different demographic profiles. This multiple methods research employs a complementary design, as methods used have equal importance and are applied concurrently. Findings The paper obtained generally consistent results across methods and samples: general animosity, destination image and country image are the most influential factors in the tourists’ decision-making to visit a destination country with which their own country has strained bilateral relations. Practical implications Destination image is highly important in all analyses and is more favorable than country image. It indicates some degree of separation of the two images in the respondents’ mind, which indicates that marketing a country as a tourist destination on a not-so-friendly tourism market may still be effective. Results also tentatively indicate that for young adults, patriotic feelings matter more in their decision-making, while for more mature tourists, ethnocentric tendencies play a more important role. Originality/value The paper examines the influence of general and situational animosity, national attachment, and consumer ethnocentrism on visitation intentions in a situation of conflict between the two nations and, thus, expands the empirical evidence accumulated to date on tourist behavior in conflict. The paper acts on the premise that if a connection between any two variables truly exists, it should be able to withstand variations in samples, timing of data collection and measurement, thus, leading to more robust findings.
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Du, Jun, Dong Xia Yue, Jian Jun Guo, Jia Jing Zhang, He Wen Niu, and Jin Hui Ma. "The Dynamic Analysis of Biocapacity and Driving Force in Minqin Oasis of Western China over the Past 20 Years." Advanced Materials Research 356-360 (October 2011): 2838–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.356-360.2838.
Abstract:
Ecological environment is the basis for human interdependence and development, so regional economic development must take into account the security situation of ecological environment and biocapacity. Based on the Ecological Footprint methodology, using remote sensing and GIS spatial analysis techniques, the biocapacity of Minqin oasis in Gansu in 1990, 2000 and 2009 was quantitatively calculated, and its spatio-temporal pattern analysis was also analyzed. The results showed：over the past two decades, there have been increasingly noticeable alterations to Minqin oasis; as a result, land reclamation activities have led to an increase in the areas of cropland, meaning that its biocapacity is rising, while the biocapacity of forest and pasture is decreasing. The biocapacity in space shows that the high-value area aggregation is augmented, there is an increased scope of area, and the focus of biocapacity has shifted. However, after 2000, with the water shortage, abandonment issues being highlighted and the aggravation of desertification, biocapacity has decreased, and additionally, the relationship between land and man has become strained. The changes of biocapacity are all closely linked with population growth, socio-economic development, agriculture structure, and water scarcity.
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Meltzer, Howard, Tamsin Ford, Robert Goodman, and Panos Vostanis. "The Burden of Caring for Children with Emotional or Conduct Disorders." International Journal of Family Medicine 2011 (May 31, 2011): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/801203.
Abstract:
Introduction. There is a paucity of evidence from epidemiological studies on the burden of children's emotional and conduct disorders on their parents. The main purpose of this study is to describe the problems experienced by parents of children with conduct and emotional disorders using data from a large national study on the mental health of children and young people in Great Britain. Materials and Methods. The Development and Well-Being Assessment and sections of the Child and Adolescent Burden Assessment were included in a nationally representative survey of the mental health of 10,438 children, aged 5–15, in Great Britain. Results and Discussion. Approximately half the parents of children with conduct disorder reported that they felt restricted in doing things socially with or without their children, embarrassed about their child's problems, and that these also made the relationship with their partner more strained. Conclusions. There is a growing need for research on the consequences of children mental disorders on families to increase the awareness of frontline workers on the burden to parents. Because parents feel embarrassed and stigmatized, they may hide their own feelings which may further exacerbate the situation.
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Уэйт, Jason Waite, Палей, Kurt Pahl, Хеберт, Celeste Hebert, Мехтабдин, Khalid Mehtabdin, Кочиэн, and Andrew Kochian. "Analysis of the business climate in the modern Pakistan." Economics 1, no. 6 (December 25, 2013): 24–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1947.
Abstract:
The business climate which the organization faces is investigated, considering
possibility of business in modern Pakistan. The study includes risks and
opportunities found from both an economic, political, and cultural perspective.
Doing business in Pakistan has become a risky endeavour because of
environmental factors, which are due to the geopolitical situation around the
region. What we have discovered through our SWOT analysis is that Pakistan’s
business sector has many threats and opportunities, and the hostility in the
region is perhaps the greatest threat to both the country and its ability to
conduct business in a stable way. The hostile environment, coupled with
strained ties with America and other nations, such as India, will make business
in Pakistan a difficult ordeal. If Pakistan wants to create growth opportunities in
the business sector, it has to cease the support of terrorists, make peace with
India, and enhance their political standing as a democratic state to create
opportunities for entrepreneurs. Education has to be given the utmost priority in
order to create these entrepreneurs for the business sector.
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Muszbek, Katalin, and Ilona Gaal. "Az orvos–beteg kommunikáció csapdái daganatos betegség esetén." Orvosi Hetilap 157, no. 17 (April 2016): 649–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/650.2016.30454.
Abstract:
There is a “confusion of tongues” in the communication between patient and physician that hinders mutual understanding. Cancer – because of its malignant and often chronic nature – accentuates the communication problems and emphasizes the importance of human relationship. The confusion of tongues can only be resolved through understanding of the situation and motivations of the other person. Thus our aim is to help medical doctors to recognize and understand the most important communication characteristics of the doctor–patient interactions that are strained by the burden of cancer. Interviews with directly concerned professionals and non-professionals were recorded in order to reveal the most common communication disturbances. The majority of the “communication vacuum” arose when bad news should be disclosed for the patient, as bad news is bad for the physician as well. It is emotionally burdening to perceive bad news, and a big challenge for the physician to break it gently, to be tactful, while he/she has no possibility to pay attention with regard to his/her own emotional stability. Medical doctors can cope with this challenge if they are acquainted with the psychological difficulties of the patients that block the effective medical communication. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(17), 649–653.
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Ostapenko, N. A., I. I. Kozlova, M. G. Solovieva, T. F. Stepanova, and V. V. Mefodiev. "EXPERIENCE OF INVESTIGATION OF A LARGE OUTBREAK OF A TULAREMIA AMONG THE POPULATION OF KHANTY-MANSIYSK AND THE KHANTY-MANSIYSK REGION IN 2013." Journal of microbiology epidemiology immunobiology, no. 6 (December 28, 2018): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-2018-6-44-48.
Abstract:
Aim. The experience of investigating a major outbreak of tularemia among the population of Khanty-Mansiysk and Khanty-Mansiysk Region in 2013. Materials and methods. The materials of epidemiological monitoring of activity of foci of tularemia in KhMAO for a long period of time, the results of laboratory studies of biological materials and environmental objects on infection with tularemia pathogen during investigation of the outbreak in 2013 are analyzed. Results. The causes and features of the outbreak development, anti-epidemic and preventive measures were analyzed. An algorithm for investigating tularemia outbreaks has been developed and the effectiveness of preventive and antiepidemic measures for their elimination in a strained natural focus has been shown. Conclusion. Monitoring of natural foci of tularemia confirms the continued preservation of their activity and viability. The transmissive nature of outbreaks causes their scale and intensity, the need for permanent disinsection and deratization measures. The invasion of rodents into populated areas can be considered a predictive sign of the deterioration of the epidemiological situation and the onset of outbreak, which allows taking anti-epidemic measures in advance. Systemic interdepartmental interaction (health care, executive authorities) is needed to strengthen attention to prevention and build up a cautious attitude towards the problem of tularemia.
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Madore, Alexandre. "Anders Breivik." Potentia: Journal of International Affairs 10 (October 15, 2019): 50–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.18192/potentia.v10i0.4511.
Abstract:
This analysis considers the importance of general strain theory (GST) in understanding contemporary far-right movements and violence involving white heterosexual men. General strain theory describes how objective and subjective strains can contribute to antisocial behaviours including terrorism. The mass murder committed by Anders Breivik in July 2011 in Norway will be considered as an application of this theory to terrorism. The analysis remains relevant, as evidenced by the most recent 2019 New Zealand mosque terrorism incidents. It begins with an overview of Breivik’s turbulent childhood and adulthood, marked by isolation and failed business ventures. Next, an outline of the July 2011 Norway attacks provides further context. After providing a detailed exploration of these attacks, this analysis will consider general strain theory in relation to the situation outlined above and it will be argued that perceived subjective and objective strain contributed to Breivik’s actions. More specifically, the subjective strains he experienced included social isolation and poor parental relationships. Conversely, objective strains provide an analysis of how Anders Breivik and others like him perceive their privileged position as being strained by migration and increasingly liberal gender norms. This analysis concludes with suggesting a role for social work in deescalating far right movements in Western liberal democracies.
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Manju Bargavi, S. K., Avinash Sharma, and V. Saravanan. "Routing Protocols in Vehicle Ad-Hoc Network." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 17, no. 9 (July 1, 2020): 4559–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2020.9280.
Abstract:
Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) is associate rising autonomous dynamic topology network. It is a unique type of Mobile Ad-hoc Network during which the automobiles amendment their message with each other. VANET turns every automobile in it into a mobile node and use those nodes to make a mobile dynamic community. The aim of VANET is to produce a wi-fi connectivity and numerous programs applications like collision dodging, safety and rising the traffic ratio as designing by the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). The transport are strained by the sensible traffic surroundings, and currently the simulations are primarily network simulations that cannot simulate the real hint of the object (vehicle). Merely as nodes in VANETS have identical excessive mobility, so there are masses of demanding situation to route the packets to there final destination which need to be addressed by means of existing/offering new solutions for the comparable. Keeping view of above, In this paper, summarize the prevailing VANET routing protocols and classify and evaluate them. Then, listing numerous classic routing algorithms and examine their characteristics and advantages and disadvantages. Eventually, by way of analyzing the reputation of vehicle-installed routing protocols, we tend to illustrate the difficulties and challenges that vehicle-mounted routing protocols can/will encounter within the future.
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Anastasiadis, Maria. "Work Integration Social Enterprises in Austria – Characteristics, Evolution and Perspectives." Nonprofit Policy Forum 7, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 541–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/npf-2016-0008.
Abstract:
AbstractAt a time of rising unemployment and strained labor market policy budgets, Work Integration Social Enterprises (WISEs) are currently facing difficult circumstances in Austria. If, and how, WISEs can continue to create and deliver quality services for their users (while meeting public authority’s demands) is a topic of vigorous debate at the national level. In an endeavor to gain insight into the current situation, the focus of this paper is to explain the historical emergence of WISEs in the context of the Austrian welfare state. The analysis combines empirical data on key characteristics of ECO-WISEs – a major subgroup of WISEs with an ecological orientation – with an analysis of the institutionalization process of these WISEs, based on the outcome of a series of semi-structured interviews with key experts in the field. The discussion begins by describing their development in the 1980s, growth in the 1990s and concludes with the marketization and reorientation process experienced by these WISEs from 2000 onwards. The paper concludes with a discussion of the victories and challenges faced by these WISEs and highlights the important role that ECO-WISEs have assumed in recognizing and responding to societal needs, developing innovative services, and in meeting the requirements of policy makers.
43
Tandon, Rajesh, and Ram Aravind. "Source of Life or Kiss of Death: Revisiting State-Civil Society Dynamics in India during COVID-19 Pandemic." Nonprofit Policy Forum 12, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 147–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/npf-2020-0045.
Abstract:
Abstract As COVID-19 spread through India, Civil Society Organizations (CSO)s mobilized resources to support the efforts of the Government by playing the role of an active partner in providing social and economic welfare to the affected population. This paper aims to provide a concise overview of the response of civil society to the pandemic situation at the grassroots and policy level. Further, the authors discuss the paradox in demonstrated efficiency and commitment of civil society, which follows a crackdown on civil society organizations by the state through silencing voices of dissent and regulating the shrinking civic space. The strained relationship between the government and civil society organizations in India is also examined against the backdrop of draconian legislation and policies framed during the time of COVID-19, proscribing debate, review or consultations. In the context of the pandemic and the subsequent phase of recovery, such actions of the Government will have deleterious effects on the relationship of trust between civil society and the state. Through this paper, the authors argue for a more tolerant and co-operative approach to the functions of civil society organizations by the Government, thus effectively reducing mistrust and suspicion in the intentions of the state.
44
Rehman, Ashfaq, Shughla Ashfaq, and Taj Muharram Khan. "Kargil Operation and its Effects on the Civil-Military Relations in Pakistan." Liberal Arts and Social Sciences International Journal (LASSIJ) 2, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 10–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.47264/idea.lassij/2.2.2.
Abstract:
This paper aims to analyse the reasons of strained civil-military relations between the Army under General Pervaiz Musharraf as Chief of Army Staff and the civilian government under the premiership of Nawaz Sharif. A mixed method approach has been adopted for collection of primary and secondary data for this descriptive, theoretical, and qualitative study. The analysis shows that the relations between the two institutions i.e., the civilian government and the military were deteriorated due to an ill-fated Kargil war launched by the then Army Chief solely on his own decision. The war under the guise of Kashmiri mujahedeen movement became an unpleasant event for Pakistan in the international community. The situation compelled the elected government to declare withdrawal of the para-military forces unilaterally thus causing further damages in terms of human and material losses. The military, opposition parties and other groups in the country blamed the civilian government for this failure. Therefore, the post Kargil war developments became a major source of contention between civil and military leadership. The events and reasons leading to the removal of Army Chief, dismissal of elected government and dissolution of national and provincial assemblies have been critically analysed in this study.
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Svensson, Johan, and Kristina Sundqvist. "Gambling among Swedish youth: Predictors and prevalence among 15- and 17-year-old students." Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 36, no. 2 (April 2019): 177–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1455072518807788.
Abstract:
Background: Gambling among adolescents is a growing public health concern in Sweden as in many other countries. Excessive gambling has been found to be associated with a wide range of negative consequences such as financial problems, strained relationships, criminal behaviour, depression, and an elevated risk for suicide. Research suggests a link between alcohol consumption and gambling, particularly among male gamblers. There are nevertheless gaps in the available knowledge pertaining to school-aged students in Sweden. Aim: The purpose of this study is to investigate predictors of gambling and frequent gambling among Swedish students in Grade 9 and Grade 11 (ages 15 and 17 years). Data and method: Data on gambling and alcohol consumption were obtained from the Swedish Council on Information and Other Drugs yearly school surveys ( n = 4763) in Grade 9 and Grade 11 ( n = 3720). Poisson regression models have been applied to estimate the association between less frequent and frequent gambling with the predictors of gender, family and school satisfaction, school situation, and alcohol and drug use. Results: Gambling among Swedish students is a highly gendered activity: boys gamble more and more frequently than girls. Having consumed alcohol was associated with both less frequent and more frequent gambling among Grade 9 students while controlling for other variables. In Grade 9, heavy episodic drinking was only associated with less frequent gambling, not with frequent gambling. Among Grade 11 students, both alcohol consumption and heavy episodic drinking was associated with less frequent gambling but heavy episodic drinking was only associated with frequent gambling. Moreover, drug use was associated with less frequent gambling in Grade 11. Skipping classes was the only school factor that was found to be associated with less frequent gambling (Grade 11). Such factors as family satisfaction and two measurements of economic situation were not associated with gambling at all.
46
Daus, Maria E., and Yurii V. Daus. "Estimating environmental risk assessment for drinking and fisheries use (on the example of the Danube river – the city Vilkovo)." Journal of Geology, Geography and Geoecology 30, no. 1 (April 7, 2021): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/112103.
Abstract:
The Danube is a source of water for the household and industrial needs of Ukrainian population, industry and agriculture. The Danube waters are used for drinking centralized water supply in the cities of Kiliya and Vilkovo, as well as fisheries in the region. Therefore, it was important to carry out the “Environmental Risk Assessment for Drinking and Fisheries Use (on the example of the Danube River –the city Vilkovo)”. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the application of the environmental risk criterion R on the basis of hydrochemical observations to verify the safety of drinking and fishery use. Analysis of environmental problems of the lower Danube River - Vilkovo; assessment of the environmental situation; calculation of water quality risk indicators according to the methodology of the Institute of Market Problems and Economic and Environmental Research of the NAS of Ukraine; establishing a link between water quality and risk is the finding of the research. It is established that the environmental situation is “critical” due to suspended substances, phenols, manganese and HCC for drinking water supply and “strained” through chromium, manganese, HCC, copper for fishery use. An assessment of the water quality by the modified Water Pollution Index (IWM) showed that the water is “moderately polluted” and “contaminated”. For both types of water use, normalized aggregated pollution indices were calculated taking into account the likelihood of a risk event occurring and R risk indicators were determined by year. It is established that there is a close linear relationship between WSS and R. It is shown that environmental risk estimates, based on the probability of exceeding concentrations of pollutants above the MPC, reflect well the ecological status of the water.
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Heinrich, Gert. "Hysteresis Friction of Sliding Rubbers on Rough and Fractal Surfaces." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 70, no. 1 (March 1, 1997): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3538415.
Abstract:
Abstract The friction force generated between sliding rubber and rough surfaces has two components commonly described as the adhesion and hysteretic components, respectively. Under wet conditions, the adhesion component of the total friction is drastically reduced, whereas the hysteresis loss remains largely unaffected. Such situations arise in daily life during blocked wheel braking where tire treads slide over wet road asperities. The situation becomes more complex in Anti Blocking System (ABS) braking on wet roads where both adhesion and hysteresis components of the friction force act. We present a new model of the hysteretic friction coefficient of a sliding rubber sample over a rough or even fractal surface. The model uses the basic assumption that the damping properties of the dynamically strained rubber depend on specific properties of the surface profile through its power spectral density. This assumption is based on recent findings that the fractal texture model is the only one developed to date to successfully address the complete multiscale behavior of paved road surface texture. The spectral density depends on the ‘topothesy’ k of the surface and scales with the spatial frequency f according to a power law. The corresponding power is related to the surface fractal dimension D. The quantities k and D are scale-independent parameters that characterize the multiscale self-affine topography of road surfaces in the characteristic length scale range of interest. The influence of surface roughness on the frictional properties of the rubber depends on the sliding velocity and is described through a retarded coupling between relaxational modes of the polymer network and roughness modes of the surface. The results of the theory are discussed in comparison with recent experimental results of Grosch. Finally, we demonstrate how the fractal descriptor parameters of different test road pavements are used to compare tire traction measurements performed on wet test roads.
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Cristiani, D. "COVID-19 and the U.S.-China competition: the case of Italy." Pathways to Peace and Security, no. 2 (2020): 81–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/2307-1494-2020-2-81-95.
Abstract:
After originating in China, the COVID-19 pandemic spread across the world. Italy was the next country severely hit by the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic, before the rest of Europe and the world. As Italy struggled to cope with this mounting crisis, China seized the momentum through an aggressive mix of public diplomacy, aid support and disinformation activities. By helping Italy, China pursued three goals: transforming its weaknesses in strengths by shifting the narrative over its handling of the COVID-19 crisis; promoting its management of the situation as the proof of the strength of its governance model; showing to the Italians, the Europeans and the world how Italy was benefitting from being a member of the Belt and Road Initiative. China’s activism in Italy prompted reaction from the United States, and the COVID-19 strained relations between the two superpowers even further. While the idea that a new Cold War is brewing might be far-fetched, the relations between the two are now less and less cooperative. This increasing competition will also impact Italy’s diplomatic freedom of action vis-à-vis China – a trend that is not set to change as the new J.Biden administration takes over in the United States, as his approach to China is likely to be less erratic and more consistent, but hardly softer than Trump’s China policy.
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Kornilova, Anna V., and Kyaw Zaya. "Definition of acceptable parameters of defects in basic details of forging and press machines." RUDN Journal of Engineering Researches 20, no. 4 (December 15, 2019): 308–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-8143-2019-20-4-308-315.
Abstract:
In the Soviet Union, a unique worldwide industry was created for the serial production of forging equipment. Currently, even these machines that have served their design life are in working or maintainable condition. This has led to the fact that there is now a large market for the secondary sale of such machines, including in the countries of Southeast Asia and India. However, with the secondary sale of such equipment, some inevitable damage builds up in the basic parts. In addition, the first copies of such models, put up for secondary sale, were produced at a time when non-destructive testing methods were not developed. Some defects could be undetected. When buying a machine dismantle, transport, install and test. Cases were recorded when defects were strained during installation and testing in the base parts, which made it difficult or impossible to use such equipment. Sometimes this type of equipment (during modernization) is used to carry out technological operations that require more power than previously declared. Therefore, when buying/selling (or upgrading), it is necessary to draw up cards of permissible defects, which, when superimposed on the cards of the detected defects, will allow to reject/determine the remaining life/limit the technological strength of the crank machine so that defects during further operation are not affectted and do not lead to emergency situation. The methodology for determining the permissible parameters of subsurface elliptical cracks is shown on the example of a press bed KD2130 (BZMP).
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George, Kenneth M. "Some Things That Have Happened toThe Sun After September 1965: Politics and the Interpretation of an Indonesian Painting." Comparative Studies in Society and History 39, no. 4 (October 1997): 603–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001041750002082x.
Abstract:
As most tell the story, the mysterious and fearful twilight of Sukarno's Indonesia began in Jakarta sometime after sundown on the last day of September 1965. That night and in the early hours of October 1, a group led by leftist, middle-ranking military officers calling themselves the September Thirtieth Movement kidnapped and killed six generals in an attempted putsch. In its radio broadcasts the following morning, the movement announced its loyalty to President Sukarno and claimed that it had acted in order to thwart a coup planned by a ‘Council of Generals.’ In the year leading up to the putsch, the president's hold on power had been strained by the increasing polarization between the army and disaffected Muslims on the one hand, and Sukarno and the PKI—the Indonesian Communist Party (Partai Kommunis Indonesia)— on the other. Sukarno's ill health, factionalism within military ranks, and the shadow of the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) only added to the anxiety and uncertainty. It is unclear whether this Council of Generals had anything more than a phantom existence. What is clear is that the head of the strategic reserve command in Jakarta, Major General Soeharto, was quick to manipulate the situation and bring the movement to a halt within hours. In an evening radio broadcast on October 1, Soeharto described the putsch as a counter-revolutionary movement and told listeners that the army and police under his leadership had regained control.