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Academic literature on the topic 'Strains and stresses. Rivets and riveting'
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Journal articles on the topic "Strains and stresses. Rivets and riveting"
1
Wronicz, Wojciech. "Experimental Validation of Riveting Process Fe Simulation." Fatigue of Aircraft Structures 2018, no. 10 (December 1, 2018): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fas-2018-0006.
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Abstract Rivets are critical areas in metal airframes from the fatigue point of view. Fatigue behaviour of riveted joints depends strongly on the residual stress system around the rivet holes. The both most convenient and most common method of determining these stresses is the Finite Element (FE) analyses. The validation of models used is necessary to ensure the reliability of results. This paper presents the validation process of the riveting FE simulations for the universal and the countersunk rivets. At first, the material model of the rivets was validated with the use of the force–displacement curves of the press stamp obtained experimentally. Because of the displacement measurement method, it was necessary to take into account the flexibility of the stand. After that, good correlation between the numerical simulations and the experiment was obtained for both rivet types. At the second stage, strains around driven heads measured with the use of strip gauge patterns were compared with the results of the FE simulations. Quite good correlation was obtained for the countersunk rivet. In the case of the universal rivet, the numerical results are significantly higher values than the measured ones. Differences in correlation of the experiments and FE simulations for the analysed rivet types probably result from material differences of the rivets.
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Witek, Lucjan. "NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF RIVETING PROCESS USING BLIND RIVET." Aviation 10, no. 2 (June 30, 2006): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16487788.2006.9635928.
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This paper is concerned with an analysis of the mechanical phenomena occurring in the process of blind riveting. Blind rivets are commonly used in the aviation industry and allow riveting with one‐sided access. To solve this problem, the finite element method was used. In results of the nonlinear computation performed for a joint containing one rivet, the stress distribution in the separate phases of riveting were analyzed. The plots of riveting force in function of rivet core displacement for different friction coefficients between the rivet and the core and the plastic strain distribution also were obtained. The main purpose of this work was to obtain the initial stress distribution occurring in the rivet and sheets after the mandrel was broken. This analysis showed that after finishing the riveting process the initial stresses occurring in the rivet have high values.
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Gadaliňska, Elžbieta, and Andrzej Baczmaňski. "Micromechanical Properties and Stress Measurements with Diffraction Methods." Fatigue of Aircraft Structures 2013, no. 5 (August 21, 2014): 18–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fas-2013-0003.
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Abstract Diffraction methods are commonly used for the determination of the elastic lattice deformation and distortion from the displacement and broadening of the diffraction peak. These methods enable researchers to measure stresses and elastic properties of polycrystalline materials. The main advantages of diffraction methods are their non-destructive character and the possibility of macrostress and microstress analysis for multiphase and anisotropic materials. Measurements are performed selectively only for crystallites contributing to the measured diffraction peak, i.e. for the grains having lattice orientations for which the Bragg condition is satisfied. When several phases are present in the sample, measurements of separate diffraction peaks allow for the behaviour of each phase to be investigated independently. This method can be applied without any limitations to flat specimens. Numerical calculations of residual stresses around the rivets imply a very high stress gradientin the case of tangential stresses as well in the case of radial stresses. Attempting to verify these predictions, the residual stress measurements with an X-ray diffractometer were performed on riveted samples after the riveting process. In addition, complementary measurements of strain values with strain gauges during the riveting process were performed as well as the finite elements modelling. The aim of these measurements was to determine the stress values around the rivets and to compare results obtained with different techniques. On the other hand, the multi-scale crystallographic model of elastoplastic deformation is very convenient for the study of elastoplastic properties in microscopic and macroscopic scales. Comparison of experimental data with model predictions allows us to understand the physical phenomena that occur during a sample’s deformation at the level of polycrystalline grains. Moreover, the micro and macro parameters of elastoplastic deformation can be experimentally established. It should be stated that the characterisation of the residual stress field and elastic properties is important in the study of the mechanical behaviour of polycrystalline materials, including plasticity and damage phenomena. In this work, a new analysis method of neutron diffraction results obtained during in-situ tensile load is proposed and tested. The methodology is based on the measurements of lattice strains during in-situ tensile testing for several hkl reflections and for different orientations of the sample with respect to the scattering vector. As the result, the full stress tensor for preferred texture orientations in function of the applied stress can be determined using the crystallite group method. The experimental data are presented and compared with the self-consistent model calculations performed for groups of grains selected by different hkl reflections.
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Wronicz, Wojciech, and Jerzy Kaniowski. "The Analysis of the Influence of Riveting Parameters Specified in Selected Riveting Instructions on Residual Stresses." Fatigue of Aircraft Structures 2014, no. 6 (June 1, 2014): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/fas-2014-0005.
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Abstract The riveting parameters strongly affect residual stresses induced during riveting, which in turn have an impact on the fatigue life of riveted joints. Since rivets are established as critical from the fatigue point of view, the fatigue life of riveted joints often determines the life of the whole structure. The authors were able to become acquainted with three riveting instructions (process specifications) used by the aerospace companies from western Europe. This work presents the analysis of the riveting parameters' influence on residual stresses around the rivets. The impact of the clearance between a rivet shank and a hole as well as driven head dimensions and a rivet length were investigated based on the numerical simulations. The aim of the analysis was to determine the range of stresses variation when the requirements of the riveting instructions are fulfilled. For the purposes of comparison, the calculations were performed also with the parameters as specified in the Polish industry standards. For all calculations, the geometry of the universal rivet MS20470 was used. The results show that residual stresses can vary strongly depending on the parameters in the instructions and standard requirements.
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Reinhall, P. G., S. Ghassaei, and V. Choo. "An Analysis of Rivet Die Design in Electromagnetic Riveting." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 110, no. 1 (January 1, 1988): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3269482.
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This paper presents the findings of a numerical and experimental study of the quality of 7050-T73 aluminum rivets formed by an extremely fast electromagnetic riveting process. It is found that without careful design of the rivet forming die large strains are produced which cause crack formation in the rivet heads. By the use of finite element and experimental techniques, it is shown that control of the radial component of the flow of material in the rivet head is essential in avoiding crack formation. A rivet die design which is effective in producing high quality, crack free, rivets is proposed.
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Rans, Calvin, Paul V. Straznicky, and René Alderliesten. "Riveting Process Induced Residual Stresses Around Solid Rivets in Mechanical Joints." Journal of Aircraft 44, no. 1 (January 2007): 323–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.23684.
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Kaniowski, Jerzy, and Wojciech Wronicz. "Local Phenomena During Riveting Process." Fatigue of Aircraft Structures 2013, no. 5 (August 21, 2014): 66–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fas-2013-0007.
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Abstract The paper presents experimental and numerical study of the local phenomena during the riveting process. It is commonly accepted that technological factors of the riveting process has a strong influence on the fatigue life of riveted joints. The authors analysed the papers concerned the experimental researches of the riveting force influence on fatigue life. The magnitude of the life increase caused by the riveting force increase suggests the authors that this is not only the result of beneficial stress system but the change of the joint formation mechanism has taken place. This was an inspiration to undertake more detailed researches of the riveting process. The strain progress during the riveting process has been experimentally investigated for four types of aluminium rivets used in airframes. Measurements confirm very high strains near the driven head. For some types of rivets the reversal strain signal has been recorded. Several FE model has been use to investigate the riveting process. The axisymmetric and solid models were used. The agreement of experimental and numerical results in some cases were good, in other cases the numerical models demand further development. In any calculations, the reversal strain effect has not been obtained, This suggest that it is result of the phenomenon which has not been taken into account in numerical modelling. The working hypothesis has been assumed that during the riveting process adhesive joints (called cold welding) were formed and destroyed during the process, what was the reason of the observed reversal strain signal. The authors are going to continue this investigation.
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Yu, Haidong, Bin Zheng, Xun Xu, and Xinmin Lai. "Residual stress and fatigue behavior of riveted lap joints with various riveting sequences, rivet patterns, and pitches." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 233, no. 12 (March 8, 2019): 2306–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954405419834481.
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The residual stress of multi-rivet structures is related with the riveting sequence, the rivet pattern, and the pitch due to the deformation interaction of different rivets. The stress amplitude of riveted structures subjected to the cyclic loads is affected by the residual stress, which increases the difficulty in the prediction of fatigue life. In this article, the riveting processes for single-row and triple-row riveted lap joints with various riveting sequences, rivet patterns, and pitches are studied numerically and experimentally. The residual stresses for both types of riveted structures are verified by the testing data. Significant difference appears in the residual stress field for riveted lap joints with various riveting sequences and rivet patterns. The decrease in the rivet pitch increases the compressive residual stress at the edge of the rivet hole. Furthermore, the fatigue life prediction model is developed for multi-rivet structures, in which the coupling effect of residual stress and cyclic load is considered. The fatigue experiments are conducted for riveted lap joints with various riveting sequences, rivet patterns, and pitches. The accuracies of the numerical results obtained from the Homan model and the developed model are compared with the experimental data. The proposed fatigue model shows better performance to predict fatigue life for multiple rivet structures.
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Feier, Anamaria, Andrei Becheru, Mihai Brîndușoiu, and Lucian Blaga. "Process Transferability of Friction Riveting of AA2024-T351/Polyetherimide (PEI) Joints Using Hand-Driven, Low-Cost Drilling Equipment." Processes 9, no. 8 (August 6, 2021): 1376. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9081376.
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The present work deals with the transferability of Friction Riveting joining technology from laboratory equipment to adapted in-house, low-cost machinery. A G13 drilling machine was modified for the requirements of the selected joining technique, and joints were performed using polyethermide plates and AA2024 aluminum alloy rivets of 6 mm diameter. This diameter was not previously reported for Friction Riveting. The produced joints were mechanically tested under tensile loading (pullout tests) with ultimate tensile forces of 9500 ± 900 N. All tested specimens failed through full-rivet pullout, which is the weakest reported joint in Friction Riveting. In order to understand this behavior, FE models were created and analyzed. The models produced were in agreement with the experimental results, with failure initiated within the polymer under stress concentrations in the polymeric material above the deformed metallic anchor at an ultimate value of the stress of 878 MPa at the surface of the joint. Stresses decreased to less than half of the maximum value around the anchoring zone while the rivet was removed and towards the surface. The paper thus demonstrates the potential ease of applying and reproducing Friction Riveting with simple machinery, while contributing to an understanding of the mechanical behavior (initialization of failure) of joints.
10
Zhang, Jun, Yuan Li, Hui Cheng, and Kai Fu Zhang. "Effective Variation Analysis Model for the Riveting Press Process of a Flush Rivet." Advanced Materials Research 383-390 (November 2011): 6762–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.6762.
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Most of the fatigue damage in aircraft structures can be linked to the stress concentration arising at the rivet joints. Interference-fit riveting of a flush rivet can form the uniform interference fit. Thanks to the uniform interference fit, large stress concentration can be avoided. The radial deformation, which is directly relative to interference fit, is therefore of prime importance. Parameters associated with a riveting process that directly affect the quality of rivets must be taken into account to observe the effect on radial deformation at rivet holes. This paper presents an effective variation analysis to calculate radial deformation at rivet holes by assuming that the axial stresses are constant both along the axial and radius of the rivet slug. Firstly, the rivet process model is built before variation analysis. Secondly, theoretical relationships between radial deformations and contact loads are proposed using elasto-plastic analysis. Later, the expressions of the contact loads are given according to geometrical relationships and analysis of deforming forces. Thirdly, an instance made up of the rivet, top sheet and bottom sheet is used to verify the analysis model. The model paves an efficient way to study the deforming law of the riveting press process and build the pre-estimate model of the rivet deformations and the parameter optimization model.
Conference papers on the topic "Strains and stresses. Rivets and riveting"
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Krovvidi, Sai C., M. Ramulu, and Per G. Reinhall. "Numerical Study of the Percussive Riveting Process: Initial Results." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-11544.
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Abstract Percussive riveting is a dependable assembly method that produces high-quality joints in the aerospace industry. Its successful application is derived from its ease to implement in an assembly floor environment. The rivets are formed on the shank end of the rivet using a forming tool like a bucking bar and the head is constrained and impacted with a rapid succession of hits using a pneumatic gun with a special purpose die head. The rivet forms an interference fit joint because of the residual compressive stresses that are set up in the circumferential direction due to plastic flow of rivet material. These compressive stresses are balanced by tensile stresses in the skin and stiffener bulk material. Compressive stresses in the longitudinal direction help keep the skins pressed together. Research studies focused on the dynamics modeling of the percussive riveting process for robotic automation have not delivered an understanding of the temporal evolution of stress and strain fields in the vicinity of the rivet and the rivet hole. These studies aimed to produce joints of equal strength using automated assembly process compared with the manual assembly process. No modeling efforts have been published up to this point in time. This understanding is important in order to produce joints of predictable strength. A simulation effort for an unstiffened percussive riveting stackup assembly will be undertaken to study the trends of beneficial compressive residual stresses and strains within the bucked rivet. It is our goal to eventually estimate joint strength for prescribed sets of joint assembly parameters. The domain of interest will be restricted to few inches from the rivet axis.
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Krovvidi, Sai C., M. Ramulu, and Per G. Reinhall. "Numerical Study of the Percussive Riveting Process: Simulation Results." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-24096.
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Abstract Percussive riveting is a widely used assembly method in the aerospace industry. The joints produced using this technique have consistently high fatigue strength. It is a manual assembly technique but automation has been introduced in certain instances on the work floor to assist assembly workers. In this paper, study was set up to analyze the effect of important geometric parameters on the residual stress and strain distributions within the riveting stackup. In the current paper, a realistic set of boundary conditions have been adopted with both movable riveting die and movable bucking bar in an axisymmetric thermomechanical model that has a countersunk rivet. The knowledge of this evolution is important to gain understanding of the differences between quasi-static squeeze riveting process and the percussive riveting process. The distribution of residual strains and stresses play an important role in influencing the fatigue strength of the assembled joined. Most if not all of the percussive research till date is focused on the process automation advances but enough work has not been done to understand the properties of the assembled joint using the percussive technique. The percussive results will be compared with quasi-static squeeze process results. Strain rate effects and thermal effects are negligible in the quasi-static process while these effects are present in the percussive process. So, the results and observations from quasi-static DOE will be used as a benchmark against which the percussive DOE results will be compared. The Johnson-Cook material model has been used for describing the flow stress of the alloys used in the percussive process.
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Sui, Bo, Dong Du, and Baohua Chang. "Finite Element Analysis of Self-Piercing Riveting Process." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-61469.
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A nonlinear finite element model is built to study the self-piercing riveting process. In this model, the elasto-plastic properties of sheets and rivet, i.e., the dependency of flow stress on effective strain is considered. The adaptive meshing technology is used for the separation of sheet material. The piercing operation on two 2 m m-thick 5754-O aluminum sheets is simulated, and the results obtained are in agreement with the published experimental results. Using this method, residual stress and strain are calculated under different die tip heights and rivet strengths, to obtain insights into the local mechanical behavior of the joints and the effect of process variables. It is found that the hoop residual stress is the main stress that affects the mechanical properties of joint. Higher riveting pressure is needed for higher die tip and higher rivet strength. Both the die tip height and river strength can affect the joint shape and residual stress.
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Qu, S. G., and W. J. Deng. "Finite Element Simulation of the Self-Piercing Riveting Process." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-67017.
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This work is focused on the development of a numerical model with the help of the finite element method to predict the magnitude and distribution of deformation associated with the self-piercing riveting process. A 2D axisymmetric model of the self-piercing riveting process is presented using the commercial implicit finite element code MSC.Superform. The flow stress of the work-material is taken as a function of strain, strain-rate and temperature. The shape of the rivet joint and the stress, strain and damage in both of the rivet and workpiece sheets are determined. The information obtained from the process simulation, such as force, metal flow and details of die fill are discussed. The calculated punching forces and the shape of the rivet joint are compared with experimental data and found to be in good agreement. Defects in the riveting are analyzed and are categorized into penetration, necking and lap formation. The effects of workpiece temperature on punching force were also discussed.
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James, Sagil, Abhishek Sonate, Christopher Dang, and Lenny De La Luz. "Experimental and Simulation Study of Ultrasonic Additive Manufacturing of CFRP/Ti Stacks." In ASME 2018 13th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2018-6647.
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Carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) are advanced engineering materials which are recognized as the most sought-after composite for several industrial applications including aerospace and automotive sectors. CFRP have superior physical and mechanical properties such as lightweight, high resilience, high-durability and high strength-to-weight ratio. CFRP composites stacked up with titanium to form multi-layered material stacks to enhance its load bearing capability. Traditional methods of stacking up CFRP and titanium involves using either high strength adhesives or rivets and bolts. The laminate structures joined by these methods often tend to fail during high load-bearing applications. Conventional metal welding technologies use high heat causing high thermal stresses and microstructural damages. Ultrasonic welding is a solid-state joining process, which has the capability of welding dissimilar materials at relatively low temperatures using ultrasonic vibration. Ultrasonic additive manufacturing (UAM) process is an ideal method to weld CFRP and Titanium. During the ultrasonic welding process, two dissimilar materials under a continuous static load are subjected to transverse ultrasonic vibrations, which results in high stress and friction between the two surfaces. This research focuses on the study of ultrasonically welding CFRP and Titanium stacks using UAM process. The study involves experimentation performed on an in-house built UAM setup. Finite element analysis is performed to understand the distribution stresses and strains during the UAM process. In this study, CFRP and Titanium layers are successfully welded using UAM process without causing any melting or significant heating. The finite element analysis study revealed that during UAM process, CFRP/Titanium stacks are subject to repeated cyclic shear stress reversals resulting in a strong weld joint. The stress-strain diagram during the process showed a considerable increase in plastic strain during the UAM process. The outcomes of this study can be used to further the industrial applications of the ultrasonic additive process as well as other ultrasonic welding based processes involving dissimilar materials.