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Journal articles on the topic 'Strategic aspects of Eastern europe'
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1
Kopytko, Marta, Anna Pazieieva, Andrii Khorosheniuk, Mykhailo Matviienko, and Мariya Vinichuk. "SHADOW EMPLOYMENT IN EASTERN EUROPE: PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF EVALUATION AND COUNTERACTION." Business: Theory and Practice 20 (December 17, 2019): 485–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/btp.2019.45.
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The paper outlines the main problems of shadowing of the labor market in Eastern Europe on the example of Ukraine and explores the factors that have a direct impact on them. A comparative analysis of the most widespread methods of tax evasion in Ukraine has been conducted. Using the software package MS Excel and CurveExpert 5.0, a study was made of the dynamics of the population employed in the informal economy during the period from 2001 to 2018; the impact of the level of labor market shadowing on the standard of living of the population of Ukraine, as well as the dynamics of the volume of remittances of labor migrants to Ukraine. The level of employment of the population in the informal sector of the economy is analyzed. It is proposed one of the alternative methods of economical and mathematical nature, with the help of which it is possible to conduct researches of the imbalance of economic systems, the construction of a mathematical model of balance on the basis of modeling of a small group using the graph theory, which will enable to carry out tactical and strategic control over the interaction of the main categories of the population in the labor market.
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Trachtenberg, Marc. "The United States and Eastern Europe in 1945: A Reassessment." Journal of Cold War Studies 10, no. 4 (October 2008): 94–132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws.2008.10.4.94.
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This article reassesses U.S. Cold War policy in 1945, with particular emphasis on Eastern Europe. The article considers how the U.S. government proposed to deal with the Soviet Union in the postwar period more generally. The article looks closely at U.S. policy toward Poland and toward Romania and Bulgaria and sets these policies into context in order to determine whether U.S. leaders had “written off” the East European countries by the end of the year, consigning them to a Soviet sphere of influence. The article traces the strategic concept underlying U.S policy and analyzes key aspects of Secretary of State James Byrnes's policy at the July 1945 Potsdam conference and in the October–December 1945 negotiations with the USSR about the occupation of Japan.
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Adam, Frane, Primož Kristan, and Matevž Tomsšič. "Varieties of capitalism in Eastern Europe (with special emphasis on Estonia and Slovenia)." Communist and Post-Communist Studies 42, no. 1 (February 25, 2009): 65–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.postcomstud.2009.02.005.
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The authors proceed from the assumption that the institutional and economic efficiency of a particular country (or society) depends on its historic legacy or ‘path-dependence’, strategic interactions of the elite and the impact of the international environment. Estonia and Slovenia are both — not only economically, but also institutionally — perceived as relatively successful and prominent post-communist countries and new members of the EU. Yet they have developed completely different — in some aspects even diametrically opposite — regulative settings and socio-political arrangements. The main emphasis is on the connection between the dynamics and ideological preferences of political actors and the pace of reforms as well as institutional regulations. One can argue that the political elite in Estonia encouraged the shaping of the state in a direction close to the liberal-market model, whereas Slovenia is closer to the corporatist social welfare-state model. In both cases, some dysfunctional effects are evident that represent a new challenge to the elites and, at the same time, a test of their credibility and competence.
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Tibuleac, Stefan. "Republic of Moldova in the Context of Regional Security Challenges in Eastern Europe." Історико-політичні проблеми сучасного світу, no. 37-38 (December 23, 2018): 299–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/mhpi2018.37-38.281-286.
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This article analyzes the most current security issues for the Republic of Moldova that are part of the regional security context of Eastern Europe –the region that can be considered the epicenter of international tensions through which the„geopolitical line of fracture”passes. The geographical position of the Republic of Moldova makes this state particularly sensitive to any negative trends in theregion. Growing of international tensions creates security threats and complicates economic development. From a historical point of view, Moldova has repeatedly fallen victim by the confrontation of the great powers. Therefore, the Republic of Moldova has a vital interest in preventing a new conflict in Eastern Europe.
This article is based on a number of assumptions made by changes in the European security environment, such as the „shift of weight” to the East, strategic uncertainty, increasing the role of non-state actors, the situation in eastern Ukraine, etc.
Based on these assumptions, this article makes an attempt to outline the potential role of the Republic of Moldova in the Eastern European security system, taking into account the desideratum for integration of the republic into the European Union. Other relevant factors will be taken into account for shaping the role of the Republic of Moldova in the European security system, namely: the security deficit; the impact of NATO and EU security policy; the rebirth of the project to create a regional defense alliance, etc. This article will largely take into account the military aspects of security.
Keywords: Republic of Moldova, national security, Eastern Europe, NATO, Intermarium, defence, threats, risks, challenges
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Girginov, Vassil. "Strategic Relations and Sport Policy Making: The Case of Aerobic Union and School Sports Federation Bulgaria." Journal of Sport Management 15, no. 3 (July 2001): 173–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsm.15.3.173.
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The dismissal of totalitarian regimes across Eastern Europe challenged the strategic orientation of sport in these countries. A central issue concerning the shaping of the new sport policies and the role of democratic states surprisingly as yet has not generated thorough academic analyses. As a result of transformations, the sport sector is undergoing massive adaptations, innovations, and reconfigurations leading to the emergence of new arrangements and actors pursuing different projects. Studying this process from a Strategic Relation perspective invites an analysis of sports policy, which accounts equally for events, actors, structures, and relations. More specifically, this approach offered a fruitful insight into the state and its strategic relations in sport policy making. One aspect of this study of theoretical interest is that, so far as can be ascertained, it is the first time the Strategic Relations approach has been applied to a Communist state.
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Averchev, Oleksander, and Hanna Fesenko. "ANALYSIS OF ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF BUCKWHEAT, PANICUM AND RICE GROWING AND PRODUCTION IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE AND UKRAINE." Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 5, no. 5 (February 8, 2020): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2019-5-5-213-221.
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The purpose of the article is to study the analysis of economic aspects of buckwheat, Panicum and rice growing and production in Central and Eastern Europe and Ukraine (2016, 2017, 2018). The subject of the study is the market of large crops in Central and Eastern Europe and Ukraine. The study is based on the analysis of statistics of production of buckwheat, rice and Panicum for 2016-2018. It was established that in the current and the previous grain seasons buckwheat was in the list of objects of state regulation that set minimum and maximum intervention prices, which gave grounds to the Agrarian Fund of Ukraine to carry out financial or commodity interventions in case of unfavorable price situation on the market. It is proved that Ukraine has everything that is needed for developing its own rice industry. The favorable natural and climatic conditions of southern Ukraine, the availability of engineered rice irrigation systems, the close cooperation and friendship of the Rice Institute with commodity producer, varieties of domestic breeding, environmentally safe cultivation technology make it possible to obtain high yields. So meteorological and hydrological conditions therefore play an important role in levels of crop production but they also have a knock-on effect on prices through the causal effect of supply and demand. This is true for the EU, as it is across the globe. Of course, with the European Union covering such a large area and including such diverse climates, adverse weather conditions in one region are often offset by optimum conditions in another. However, where the production of certain crops is concentrated in a few regions, the EU production levels will be particularly susceptible to weather conditions as well as to pest attacks. Where known adverse weather conditions have impacted on crop levels this is mentioned. Cereal harvest in the EU higher in 2017 despite drought conditions in many areas of Central and Southern Europe and reduction in cultivated area. Monsoon countries, which due to weather conditions harvest twice a year, do not have much higher and sometimes even lower rice yields than Ukraine does. It is set that despite the difficult weather conditions, the grain industry provides sustainable production, which guarantees the food and economic security of the country. Cereal crops are the basis for the formation and maintenance of the state's strategic food, feed and export balance.
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Adăscăliței, Dragoș, and Ștefan Guga. "Tensions in the periphery: Dependence and the trajectory of a low-cost productive model in the Central and Eastern European automotive industry." European Urban and Regional Studies 27, no. 1 (September 3, 2018): 18–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969776418795205.
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This article analyses the productive strategy adopted by Renault for its Dacia plant in Romania. It proposes a detailed analysis of the conditions for the success of the Logan project – Renault’s radical approach to the concept of the low-cost automobile. We look into both market- and production-related aspects that have made the Logan work and highlight the tensions sparked by Renault’s drive to capitalize on its favourable market situation as well as the success achieved by Dacia’s workers in defending their interests. In particular, we emphasize the company governance compromises that have shaped industrial relations at Dacia over the past decades and show how in recent years the maintaining of such a compromise has come increasingly into question due to threats by automation and relocation in a context of constantly rising wages and improving working conditions. Finally, we discuss the strategic dilemmas facing both management and labour and their possible resolutions, as well as the relevance of the Dacia case for understanding the future of Central and Eastern Europe as a peripheral region attracting automotive foreign direct investments.
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Voznyak, H. V., and T. L. Kloba. "Smart Specialization as an Innovative Strategy for the Regional Economic Growth: Experience of Central and Eastern European Countries for Ukraine." Business Inform 11, no. 514 (2020): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2020-11-59-68.
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The initiated processes of reforming the government and public finances in Ukraine have provided real opportunities for increasing the resources for sustainable development of regional economic systems, communities and territories. At the same time, domestic practice shows ineffective mechanisms for implementing the State, regional policy, deepening both interregional and intra-regional asymmetries in terms of socioeconomic development. These aspects highlight the increased interest in the scientific and practical problem of converting opportunities into tools to stimulate economic growth of territories and updating the State Regional Policy of Ukraine, which should be based on the system of multilevel governance of territories and development of its strategic vision, especially in terms of competitive advantages. The purpose of the study is to systematize the experience of strategizing the regions of the EU, Central and Eastern Europe and to carry out a comparative analysis of the choice of priority areas of smart specialization in terms of groups of regions with appropriate economic structure. The object of research in this article are the processes of strategizing the regional development on the basis of smart specialization in Ukraine and the EU Member States. In the course of the research a set of general scientific methods of scientific cognition (system analysis, logical generalization, analogy, comparative analysis) was used, which provided an opportunity to realize the integrity of scientific research. The practices of regional strategy on the basis of smart specialization of Central and Eastern European countries are analyzed. Their economic profile and priorities of reasonable specialization are determined. The peculiarities of the functioning of the economy of the countries / regions selected for analysis are highlighted. Emphasis is placed on the consequences / benefits of implementing innovative strategies for the economic progress of countries / regions. A comparative assessment of the priority areas of smart-specialization of the EU and Ukraine in terms of groups of regions with the appropriate structure of the economy is made. As a result of the study, no unambiguous correspondence was established. Recommendations are given and imperatives are determined, upon which the policy of sustainable growth of the regions of Ukraine should be developed, based on the results of the conducted research.
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Voznyak, H. V., and T. L. Kloba. "Smart Specialization as an Innovative Strategy for the Regional Economic Growth: Experience of Central and Eastern European Countries for Ukraine." Business Inform 11, no. 514 (2020): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2020-11-59-68.
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The initiated processes of reforming the government and public finances in Ukraine have provided real opportunities for increasing the resources for sustainable development of regional economic systems, communities and territories. At the same time, domestic practice shows ineffective mechanisms for implementing the State, regional policy, deepening both interregional and intra-regional asymmetries in terms of socioeconomic development. These aspects highlight the increased interest in the scientific and practical problem of converting opportunities into tools to stimulate economic growth of territories and updating the State Regional Policy of Ukraine, which should be based on the system of multilevel governance of territories and development of its strategic vision, especially in terms of competitive advantages. The purpose of the study is to systematize the experience of strategizing the regions of the EU, Central and Eastern Europe and to carry out a comparative analysis of the choice of priority areas of smart specialization in terms of groups of regions with appropriate economic structure. The object of research in this article are the processes of strategizing the regional development on the basis of smart specialization in Ukraine and the EU Member States. In the course of the research a set of general scientific methods of scientific cognition (system analysis, logical generalization, analogy, comparative analysis) was used, which provided an opportunity to realize the integrity of scientific research. The practices of regional strategy on the basis of smart specialization of Central and Eastern European countries are analyzed. Their economic profile and priorities of reasonable specialization are determined. The peculiarities of the functioning of the economy of the countries / regions selected for analysis are highlighted. Emphasis is placed on the consequences / benefits of implementing innovative strategies for the economic progress of countries / regions. A comparative assessment of the priority areas of smart-specialization of the EU and Ukraine in terms of groups of regions with the appropriate structure of the economy is made. As a result of the study, no unambiguous correspondence was established. Recommendations are given and imperatives are determined, upon which the policy of sustainable growth of the regions of Ukraine should be developed, based on the results of the conducted research.
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Dimitrijevic, Dusko. "The relations of Serbia and the People’s Republic of China at the beginning of the 21st century." Medjunarodni problemi 70, no. 1 (2018): 49–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/medjp1801049d.
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The current relations of the Republic of Serbia with the People?s Republic of China (hereinafter: Serbia and China) are conditioned by many political, economic, legal and social factors. The mentioned factors point to the existence of asymmetry in many aspects which, however, is not an issue that implies that the two parties can not develop good and friendly relations. In the historical and international legal sense, the relations of the two countries are characterized by the continuity of diplomatic relations established on January 2, 1955, between the then Federal People's Republic Yugoslavia and the People's Republic of China. Serbia as the successor state of SFR Yugoslavia continues to treat China as one of its most important partners in international relations, which is manifested through the foreign policy course, according to which China is one of the main ?pillars? of Serbia's foreign policy alongside the European Union, Russia and the United States. The mere reference to the main ?pillars? in Serbia's foreign policy orientation indicates that China is a key player in world politics and a great power with which Serbia needs to build relations of a ?comprehensive strategic partnership?. It is not surprising, therefore, that the deepening of the Serbian-Chinese relations on a bilateral and multilateral level (especially within the UN, regional international organizations and political forums such as the 16 + 1 mechanism between China and the countries of Central and Eastern Europe) contributed to better strategic positioning of Serbia in modern international relations.
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Trapara, Vladimir. "Missile defense as an issue in Russia-United States relations." Medjunarodni problemi 66, no. 1-2 (2014): 101–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/medjp1402101t.
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The history of missile defense as an issue in Russia-U.S. relations is already several decades long. Its current phase began in 2007 with the U.S. decision to deploy its missile defense system in Central and Eastern Europe. In this paper, a summary of the most significant moments in missile defense development is offered being followed by the analysis of the issue regarding its technological and political aspects. The basic argument is that the absence of Russian-American deal on this issue is caused by the U.S. general policy that is aimed at depriving Russia of its independent great power status, which it does not want to give up. The U.S. missile defense, although technologically incapable of hurting Russia, is seen by the latter as part of a broader scope of Washington?s measures aimed against it. Meanwhile, as the means of the American ?cleansing? of the ?rogue? regimes missile defense indirectly threatens Russia accelerating its strategic encirclement. The possibility of overcoming this issue as well as the U.S.-Russian rapprochement is seen as a common threat which could be posed by the rising China.
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Synowiec, Aleksandra. "Infrastructural and Social Aspects of ICT Dissemination in Rural Areas in Ukraine in Juxtaposition with Other Post-Transition Countries—State of Play and Prospects for Rural Development." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 14, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14010016.
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The objective of this study is to identify the current state of, and the prospects for, information and communication technologies (ICT) dissemination in rural areas in Ukraine in juxtaposition with other post-transition countries. The spread of ICT is discussed within the frame of economic, infrastructural, and social factors affecting rural areas in Ukraine since the post-communist transition period. Information and communication technologies may support the socio-economic development of peripheral areas in many ways—including rural ones. Dissemination of ICT contributes to the emergence of sources of income, equalizes education opportunities, and increases the attractiveness of rural areas. However, the rural—urban divide in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe and other former USSR countries is still remarkable and, as a type of structural inequality, should be better recognized. The source material is based on secondary data, which consists of selected literature on the subject of rural development in Central and Eastern European Countries, strategic documents, available reports and studies of international institutions, research from agencies, state documents and statistics, and research conducted by international and domestic NGOs. In reference to the paper’s objective, the method of content analysis was employed. Dissemination of ICT in rural areas in Ukraine is influenced by two groups of factors. The infrastructural divide concerning Internet access between rural and urban populations in Ukraine has been diminishing, but the issue of structural exclusion due to place of residence has still not been solved. As far as the social aspects of ICT dissemination in rural areas in Ukraine are concerned, the level of digital literacy among rural dwellers is significantly lower in comparison to urban residents. Rural areas are more exposed to the consequences of various aspects of digital exclusion.
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Borén, Thomas, Patrycja Grzyś, and Craig Young. "Intra-urban connectedness, policy mobilities and creative city-making: national conservatism vs. urban (neo)liberalism." European Urban and Regional Studies 27, no. 3 (March 31, 2020): 246–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969776420913096.
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This article aims to advance the literature on policy mobility by decentring the primacy of mobility itself and focusing on understanding what cities do in order to ‘arrive at’ localized versions of urban policy in relation to globally circulating ideas around creativity. The paper explores the performance of a particular local ‘creative economy’ in terms of institutional and strategic adjustments, key drivers and individuals and events, and the role of long-term local, national and international influences on ‘creative cityness’. It does this through an analysis of cultural and creativity policy and local stakeholders in the cultural policy scene in Gdańsk, Poland, focusing on the local performative aspects of mobile policies and arguing the need to understand the formation of a ‘common local project’ as a form of intra-urban connectedness alongside inter-urban connectedness. The paper extends the range of contexts in which the ‘creative city’ has been analysed to include post-socialist, post-European Union accession Central and Eastern Europe, thus making an original contribution by studying these issues in the context of the complex multi-scalar relations between the city, national government and the supranational European Union and the ideological conflict between national authoritarian neoliberalism and urban and supranational scale (neo-)liberalism.
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Aslam, Shahbaz, Arshad Ali, and Muhammad Farooq. "Framing of China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) in Elite Press of India and Afghanistan (2015-2017)." Asian Social Science 16, no. 7 (June 17, 2020): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v16n7p57.
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$1 trillion Belt Road Initiative (BRI)’s China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) component is a dimensional shift in Sino-Pak relations and a conception of shared future being heralded as the game changer for Pakistan as well as for the whole region. As a nodal part of the China’s ambitious Belt & Road Initiative that envisage to improve connectivity on transcontinental scale by connecting China to Central and Eastern Europe, the Middle East and Africa, the CPEC has come under attention of international media, policy makers, economists and academicians. This study discusses the framing of CPEC in press of India and China. India being territorial neighbors and China being the investor shares certain interests, reservations and apprehensions related to CPEC. Two English newspapers from China (China Daily & Global Times) and India (Indian Express & The Hindu) were selected and all the news and editorials related to CPEC were analyzed for the period of 2015-2017. Finding reveals that India’s press is covering CPEC more in terms of strategic and conflict perspective rather than infrastructure and connectivity aspects. However, the Chinese press covers CPEC in broader context of BRI and globalization hence connectivity, development, strategic value and economic paybacks are the dominant frames. Moreover, framing of CPEC varies over the time in the press of India and China. Study suggests that policy making is needed to reduce the negative stance and communication differences of international press towards CPEC. Findings imply that Pakistan should made efforts to develop better relations with neighboring countries by engaging them with CPEC as a project of development, mutual benefit and regional integration.
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Maslov, Yurii. "TRANSFORMATIONAL ASPECTS OF THE EUROPEAN UNION STRATEGY FOR THE DANUBE REGION." Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 5, no. 3 (August 1, 2019): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2019-5-3-108-115.
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The attention of the supranational level to transboundary regions increased with the development of regional policy. The reform of the European structural funds, the concepts of equalization and identification of the endogenous potential of regions led to the intensification of cross-border cooperation. Of course, this is not only the merit of the European Union; the growth of Euroregions stimulated financial support, and this led to a new round of growth of Euroregions in the EU territories. The purpose of the article is to determine problems of transformational aspects for elaborating and improving the European Union Strategy for the Danube Region up to the condition of its possible implementation, as well as propose specific measures for its step-by-step implementation until 2020. The European Grouping for Territorial Cooperation (EGTC) is another initiative created in the zonal field of Euroregions for greater cohesion with the supranational level. Most of the EGTC members are located in Eastern and Southern Europe. Moreover, if on the early stages EGTC were projects for the implementation of exclusively cross-border cooperation, then since 2012 they began to be created as platforms for cooperation between cities of different EU member states. EU regions are very diverse from a cultural and historical point of view and have different levels of socio-economic development. In the Danube region over the past two decades, fundamental changes have occurred, taking this into account, the article highlights several strategic directions of development. 1) Geographical association of Europe and the East. There is a huge potential for the development of existing transport and trade links. 2) The developed infrastructural architecture of the education system. Including different universities, but the quality of training varies. Education and training should be linked to the needs of the labour market, along with supporting student mobility throughout the entire Danube region. 3) The presence of millennial traditions of cultural, ethnic, and natural diversity. The presence of large cities and world heritage sites, including the concentration of capitals and cultural centres. This requires a modern approach to tourism offers and infrastructure so that both the guest and the host can get profit from this activity. 4) The ability to optimize and improve the use of renewable energy sources, such as water, wind biomass, thermal springs. There are also wide opportunities for improving energy efficiency by enhancing the efficiency of energy demand management and modernizing building and logistics. These measures will facilitate the transition to a low-carbon economy. 5) Availability of natural wealth: unique fauna and flora, the most valuable water resources and unique landscapes (for example, the Danube Delta, the Carpathians). They must be in constant preservation and recovery. Each designated area contains priority recommendations in various fields of activity. The transformational optimization strategy proposed by the author provides a stable framework for the policy of integration and cohesive development of the Danube region. It establishes priority areas aimed at creating the EU Region of the 21st century.
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Bartková, Lucia. "How do consumers perceive the dual quality of goods and its economic aspects in the European Union? An empirical study." Problems and Perspectives in Management 17, no. 3 (September 20, 2019): 382–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.17(3).2019.31.
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Dual quality goods have been present in Europe for over 30 years. But only recently this problem has become current. More and more EU citizens complain about its presence in the united European market. In several countries, product testing, as well as population opinions, were conducted, but the results were not uniform. The European Commission itself acknowledged the existence of dual quality and began to address it. It has developed a common testing methodology and is also preparing legislative changes. In this respect, the examination of the situation in Slovakia as one of the EU countries is up to date. The aim of this research is to examine the opinions of Slovak consumers on the dual quality of daily consumer goods in the EU and its economic aspects, to compare them with the results from abroad and to formulate conclusions and recommendations. The survey used a questionnaire method, which examined the opinions of Slovak consumers on a sample of 919 respondents. Subsequently, the hypotheses were tested by the binomial test and Pearson correlation coefficient. The study provides an overview of the results of product testing carried out in Slovakia and abroad, as well as the results of a questionnaire survey of the opinions of Slovak consumers and their comparison with abroad. In Slovakia and the Czech Republic, more than 80% of respondents disagree with the existence of dual quality. The results of the study support the demand of Central and Eastern European countries for dual quality in the EU to be banned and eliminated.
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Terziu, Dr Sc Hysni. "Privatisation Process in Kosovo." ILIRIA International Review 5, no. 1 (June 30, 2015): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21113/iir.v5i1.8.
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This paper aims at analysing activities of the privatisation process in Kosovo, seeing that privatisation is treated as a fundamental factor of overall transformation of the whole society.It may be established that the primary aim of privatisation process is increasing economic efficiency, reflection of the current state and directions of development in general. Privatisation as a process has as primary aim of opening new areas of freedom, economic efficiency and individualism.Key aim of privatisation process in Kosovo must be increase of economic efficiency, preservation of the healthy economic potential created up to date, and ensuring of the long term concept, which enables growth and macroeconomic stability. The policy of privatisation should give a response related to strategic aspects of privatisation of these sectors: of models, procedures, potential investors, technological modernisation and overtaking of social barriers.Process of privatisation and transition which has now covered countries of the Eastern and Central Europe, aims at profound economic and political transformation of these countries. To achieve this, it is necessarily required to have some basic preconditions, which are related to incitement of general efficiency of the enterprises, expansion of the capital market, introduction of competition, development of business culture in private property and freedom of entrepreneurship. Impacts of privatisation in economic development of Kosovo take a considerable place compared to other countries, therefore our aim is that through this paper we analyse factors and methods of implementation in this process.
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Khitov, Мitko. "Some aspects of economic interaction between developing and developed countries within the framework of the EU on the example of Bulgaria." University Economic Bulletin, no. 45 (May 27, 2020): 158–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2306-546x-2020-45-158-162.
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This article discusses the issues of economic interaction between countries with different levels of division of labor, for example Bulgaria, and objective opportunities for each of them to find their place in the economic systems of such supranational entities as the European Union. Historical parallels are drawn in the development of theories at different stages of the movement of economic thought in relation to systems of division of labor, starting from the physiocrats of the Middle Ages, through Adam Smith to the modern vision of the situation. The experience of Bulgaria in building its own national economy in the period after the Liberation from Ottoman rule to the present day is analyzed. A comparative analysis of the achievements of our state, as a member of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance, against the development of neighboring countries, which, however, fell into an alternative system of division of labor. The processes that took place as part of the confrontation of two antagonistic technological zones during the Cold War are described, including some aspects of the dynamics of relations within the world socialist community, which at different periods had a different structure, own achievements and failures, missed opportunities and, ultimately - a capitulation from an order of magnitude larger economic system under the auspices of the United States of America. The author seeks Bulgaria’s place in the current EU integration processes, from the point of view of the objective regional differentiation of this peripheral Balkan state. Conclusions are drawn on the results of the interaction of countries with different levels of division of labor - developing states from Eastern Europe, and developed ones - the founding states of the Union, which form the core of this supranational association. The relevant recommendations are made on the implementation of strategic policies in the economy, education and social sphere for countries that aspire to enter the European Union or are already members as developing economies.
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Cohen, Viktorija, and Birutė Galinienė. "EVALUATION OF COMMERCIAL PROPERTY MARKET MATURITY: A CASE OF LITHUANIA." International Journal of Strategic Property Management 18, no. 2 (June 20, 2014): 151–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/1648715x.2014.925007.
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Property market maturity level is one of the influential factors affecting competitiveness of a country in a global arena. Local economies of Central and Eastern Europe may have reacted differently to the economic globalisation process, but property markets in these countries became very much dependent on global trends in terms of market development, evolution and adaption of practices. This article analyzes scientific observations and aspects of property market evolution, suggests a model of property market evolution and adapts the property market maturity concept, applying it in the case of the Lithuanian commercial property market. This article also presents the results of a survey among the commercial property market actors, which mainly suggests the level of property market maturity. The results indicate that although the overall market degree of maturity still needs to be improved, the elements of professional services, the actors’ activity, the investment market environment and the flow of information ranked better maturity, compared to the other elements used in the study.
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Poplavskyy, Oleh, Volodymyr Sarychev, and Oleh Levin. "Socio-economic and informationcommunication aspects of the military confrontation between Azerbaijan and Armenia in the "Second Karabakh War"." Naukovyy Visnyk Dnipropetrovs'kogo Derzhavnogo Universytetu Vnutrishnikh Sprav 1, no. 1 (March 29, 2021): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.31733/2078-3566-2021-1-61-71.
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In the article the author examines the features of the information confrontation between Azerbaijan and Armenia during the "second Karabakh war", identifies the correlation between the socioeconomic potential of countries and the possibilities of application of information and communication technologies as a strategic resource for each of the parties to the military conflict. For comparison, we also used facts about Ukraine, Belarus and the Russian Federation, as countries of Eastern Europe region, which are in a similar state of military-political and socio-economic instability. The content and forms of information confrontation as a rivalry between countries in the information and communication sphere due to the desire to influence the formation of public opinion of the population, the level of national identity, the nature of social relations in the adjacent territory are revealed. Against the backdrop of the dynamics of the armed confrontation between the countries, specific forms of using information and communication technologies as one of the most effective means of warfare were analyzed, and the effectiveness of information and psychological operations in solving and escalating a military conflict was determined. The features of information war with using communication technologies as the aim of strenothening morale of their army and consolidation the moral and political potential of the people are characterized. Based on the analysis of the armed confrontation, we made conclusions that, in modern conditions, each of the countries, which are in a state of military, political and social instability must develop their own strategies for preventing military conflicts. Such strategies should take into consideration external threats, the existing economic potential, the possibilities of storing and disseminating of official information in peacetime, as well as the experience of effective government regulation of the practice of using the media and network technologies during an aggravation of the military situation. Based on the results of our research, a number of practical recommendations were formulated regarding the directions of the formation and development of information and communication technologies, which are used to protect the information space of the country and counteraction the unwanted influence of the enemy. The importance of the results obtained is substantiated for understanding the nature, tools and methods of modern information and psychological wars, as well as for the implementation of an effective state policy of countering the negative propaganda influence of the enemy in situation of active and large-scale information confrontation.
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Klima, Ewa, Anna Janiszewska, Lech Grabski, and Tobias Woldendorp. "Improving the quality of life with CPTED methodology: high-rise housing in Widzew, Łódź." Journal of Place Management and Development 9, no. 2 (July 11, 2016): 210–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpmd-09-2015-0032.
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Purpose The social context in Polish high-rise neighbourhoods varies from one in Western Europe. This typology is not associated with social housing and the ownership of the dwellings mixed. Moreover, nearly half of the population of Poland lives in this type of real estates. Sociological research shows that the subjective quality of life is decent. Nevertheless, the dwellings are still considered a rather poor place to live and there are various aspects that need to be improved. Widzew is a typical example of the 1970s and 80s concrete high-rise housing area. Many similar developments have been built during the communist era in Eastern Europe. There are many degenerated buildings, while new developments intrude the existing environment, obstructing social and urban structure. The purpose of this paper is to analyse this environment and investigate the social problems and the urban context. Design/methodology/approach The authors have conducted sociological surveys and field observations to measure the subjective quality of life. After analysing the data, several problems appeared, such as lack of maintenance, poor quality of public space, the sense of insecurity and lack of social cohesion. The main scientific question is if and how the crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) method can address those issues. This paper wants to address major problems found in the social research by using a combination of CPTED solutions. Findings The necessity to apply the CPTED analysis in the quasi-public space is clearly noticeable. It is this space that is often perceived by the inhabitants as dangerous. It appears that it can be easily assessed via four criteria – visibility, accessibility, territoriality and attractiveness. Originality/value The novel idea was to compare the findings of a sociological survey on quality of life with the results of space analysis based on the CPTED method. This study might bring general recommendations for high-rise neighbourhoods in Eastern Europe.
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Lewis, Tom, and Mark Turley. "Strategic partnering in Eastern Europe." International Executive 32, no. 4 (January 1991): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tie.5060320403.
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Adăscăliței, Dragoș, and Ștefan Guga. "Negotiating agency and structure: Trade union organizing strategies in a hostile environment." Economic and Industrial Democracy 38, no. 3 (April 2, 2015): 473–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143831x15578157.
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This article investigates a case of successful union organizing in one automotive assembly plant in Romania. The authors argue that in order to explain why the union succeeds in defending workers’ rights there is a need to consider both structural and agency aspects that condition labor’s capacity to effectively defend their interests. The findings show that the union at the Romanian plant has made use of a diverse repertoire of protest activities in order to defend its worker constituency. The authors also discuss why as of late protests are less and less used by the union in response to the shifting economic and political environment in which the plant is embedded. They argue that a closer look at the strategy of the Romanian union and the path it has taken in the past decade provides a better understanding of the conditions for union success in an economic, legal, and political environment that has become increasingly hostile toward organized labor. In this sense, the article points to the more general situation unions in Central and Eastern Europe have found themselves in recent years.
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Nemec, Juraj, and David Špaček. "The Covid-19 pandemic and local government finance: Czechia and Slovakia." Journal of Public Budgeting, Accounting & Financial Management 32, no. 5 (September 1, 2020): 837–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpbafm-07-2020-0109.
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PurposeThe current Covid-19 crisis research focuses especially on epidemiologic and macro-level socioeconomic aspects. It only marginally covers impacts on local budgets. Our intention is to enrich the existing limited debate on this dimension.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses a qualitative research approach and is based on secondary research and information available in restrictive regulations of national governments, data published by governmental bodies, international statistics and media articles published before 30 June 2020. The authors also conducted six non-structured online interviews with the leading question: “How do you see the current and future impacts of the pandemic on local public finance?”FindingsAvailable information on Czechia and Slovakia indicates that the level of municipal fiscal imbalance as the result of the Covid-19 crisis is not proportional to the situation on the central level, and municipal financial resources are not commensurate with their responsibilities as outlined by the constitution and the law. Because the reaction of the central government in both countries to this situation has been inadequate, municipalities will face problems with service delivery in some areas, especially in culture and sport.Originality/valueThe authors enrich the growing debate about the current Covid-19 crisis and its consequences and focus on local government finance in two selected countries from Central and Eastern Europe.
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Blazevski, Ivan. "THE RELEVANCE OF INTERCULTURAL COMPETENCE FOR INTERCULTURAL MANAGEMENT." Knowledge International Journal 26, no. 6 (March 18, 2019): 1681–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij26061681b.
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The different changes in economic conditions such as the increasing interdependence of the world economy, the economic integration of Europe, the transformation of Central and Eastern Europe and the dynamics of the technological development have resulted in the fact, that the internationalization of business activities was inevitable. New businesses and firms were set up as a "conversion" of Western companies, as part of collaborations or linkages with Western organizations. The intercultural understanding cannot keep up with the pace of globalization. Business cooperation between different nations often fails due to the difference of the cultural values and attitudes. The economic imperative of globalization forces, on the one hand, more and more companies to expand their activities worldwide. On the other hand, companies are more and more exposed to cultural differences and their conflict-prone consequences without there being sufficient nation state or multinational mechanisms of control available. The failure of co-operation shows that purely economic conditions for success are necessary but not a sufficient condition for a successful collaboration. In addition to the necessary economic conditions, cultural aspects should be involved. Organizations should design and support organizational culture that maximizes the benefits of diversity, and use that culture to manage various groups of organizational members, project teams, business start-up teams, customer service response teams, and top management.Intercultural management intends to create and maintain a positive work environment where the similarities and differences of individuals are valued, so that all can reach their potential and maximize their contributions to an organization’s strategic goals and objectives. In addition, ensures that all employees have the opportunity to maximize their potential and enhance their self-development and their contribution to the organization. It recognizes that people from different backgrounds can bring fresh ideas and perceptions, which can make the way work is done more efficient and make products and services better.This paper discusses the importance and necessity of implementation of intercultural management approaches. Therefore, are listed examples that stress the contribution of the intercultural management approaches to the success of many western companies operating in different parts of the world, and to the success of mergers and acquisitions. In addition, an attempt is made to differentiate constituent elements of intercultural management, based on their representation in the largest number of authors, as well as pointing to areas of further research in the field of intercultural management.
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Lang, Franz Peter. "Strategic trade policy for Eastern Europe." Intereconomics 27, no. 4 (July 1992): 182–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02926375.
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Majewska, Agnieszka. "Real estate derivatives as financial instrument – possibility prospects of usage in Poland." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 17, no. 3 (September 18, 2020): 148–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.17(3).2020.12.
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The article refers to the theoretical framework of the possibility of using real estate derivatives in the Polish financial market. Although the Polish property market is well developed, and Poland is the leader in the Central and Eastern Europe region, there is a gap in the use of financial instruments concerning the property market. Given the lack of a property derivatives market in Poland, conditions and opportunities for this market development are presented. The experience of the United Kingdom and the United States in this field shows that one of the most important aspects is stable and a well-functioning financial market. Therefore, the macroeconomic data and the data of the Polish financial market are examined.The analysis carried out indicates sufficient conditions and opportunities for the development of real estate derivatives in Poland. The macroeconomic data and data from the capital market have shown the economic environment’s stability and balance. One of the limitations is the existence of a clear and respectable index used as an underlying asset in derivatives on the Polish market. Only WIG real estate index is listed on the Polish Exchange. Although there are sufficient conditions for introducing the real estate derivatives in Poland, the success of all financial innovations depends on the willingness of potential users to use them.
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Alborova, Dina, Boris Koybaev, and Elena Galkina. "Non-Use of Force Agreement as a Factor of Influence on Security Issues in the System of International Relations (On the Example of Georgian-Ossetian Conflict and Conflicts in Europe." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, no. 3 (July 2020): 129–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2020.3.11.
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Introduction. In recent decades, the issue of security has remained very acute and most pressing in modern international relations. Security is the key word that defines domestic and foreign policies of states in both the Caucasus region and a number of European regions. In the late 80s of the 20th century, the collapse of the Soviet Union was painful, accompanied by the economic collapse, the rupture of socio-economic and political ties, awakening of national identity, which often took the form of nationalistic character. Painful processes took place in Eastern and Southeastern Europe, in the Caucasus, which flamed with conflicts. Owing to ethno political conflicts new state formations appeared. Methods and materials. This article uses a set of methods for studying international politics, mainly the comparative, systemic, structural and functional ones, as well as methods for analyzing and processing documents, including content analysis. The use of the conflictological paradigm is the main methodological tool of this study. The authors also use the case study method for studying various conflicts (Georgian-Ossetian conflict, in Cyprus, in Bosnia and Herzegovina, in Transdniestria, etc.). The article analyzes the UN Resolutions, treaties, and memorandums relating to the non-use of force in the Georgian-Ossetian conflict and conflicts in Europe. Analysis. One of the key aspects of regional security in the system of international relations is the issue of signing the Treaty on the Non-Use of Force. This issue has also been discussed at the official site – the Geneva meetings. The South Caucasus is an unstable, conflict-prone region with many problems. Here interests of both world and regional players collide, which cannot influence stability and security in regional international relations positively. Moreover, new challenges are swaying the situation, in particular, in the form of world terrorism and wars in the neighboring Middle East. Each of the countries located in the South Caucasus is fully aware of the need for stable peace and security in the region, but, at the same time, they do not have a common opinion on the issues relating to the mechanisms for achieving this state. As regards, in particular, the Georgian-Ossetian relations, the situation is aggravated by the foreign policy of these countries – while Georgia is taking steps towards European integration and joining NATO, South Ossetia is more and more integrated into the socio-economic and political legal components of the Russian Federation, denoting its strategic partnership with Russia as a guarantee of its own security. Results. The examples of conflicts in Europe and the Georgian-Ossetian conflict analyzed in the article show that the Agreements on the nonuse of force could serve as a basis for the cease-fire, divorce of the warring parties and the beginning of preparing a platform for the negotiation process. Nevertheless, there is not unequivocal answer to the question of whether such agreements are a guarantee that one of the parties may not violate the agreement and hostilities will not resume again.
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Geib, Peter, and Lucie Pfaff. "Strategic Management in Central and Eastern Europe." Journal of East-West Business 5, no. 4 (May 10, 2000): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j097v05n04_01.
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van Klink, H. Arjen. "Strategic partnering among logistic nodes: Rotterdam and Eastern Europe." Journal of Transport Geography 2, no. 3 (September 1994): 169–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0966-6923(94)90002-7.
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Haber, Gottfried. "Welfare implications of strategic economic policy in eastern Europe." International Advances in Economic Research 6, no. 2 (May 2000): 150–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02296098.
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Malgin, A. V. "“The New Eastern Europe” and the Russian Strategic Interests." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 6(21) (December 28, 2011): 14–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2011-6-21-14-15.
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Kubielas, Stanislaw, and Igor Yegorov. "Strategic alliances and technology transfer in Central and Eastern Europe." Science and Public Policy 27, no. 4 (August 1, 2000): 265–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3152/147154300781781940.
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Dąbrowski, Marcin. "Towards strategic regional development planning in Central and Eastern Europe?" Regional Insights 3, no. 2 (January 2012): 6–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20429843.2012.10590654.
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Hyder, Akmal S., and Desalegn Abraha. "Institutional factors and strategic alliances in eastern and central Europe." Baltic Journal of Management 3, no. 3 (September 12, 2008): 289–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17465260810902379.
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Cavanagh, Clare. "“Non-strategic” Eastern Europe and the Fate of the Humanities." East European Politics and Societies: and Cultures 29, no. 1 (January 21, 2015): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888325414557027.
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Until recent events intervened, Eastern European Studies found themselves under attack at my home university and other institutions for being, among other things, “non-strategic.” We see the same notion, if not the same terminology, applied increasingly to the humanities and non-quantitative social sciences, which lose ground daily to the so-called STEM disciplines in both educational policy and practice. How do we defend the study of Eastern European literature and culture in the current academic climate? This essay defends the centrality both of literary and Eastern European studies in the twenty-first-century curriculum.
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Petrakos, George, and Dimitris Economou. "The spatial aspects of development in South-eastern Europe." Spatium, no. 8 (2002): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/spat0208001p.
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This paper analyses for the first time the spatial structure of South-eastern Europe in an effort to assess regional imbalances, border conditions, urban hierarchies and detect the adjustments of the region to the forces of integration and transition. The analysis is based on a unique data base compiled national sources and is carried on with the use of statistical, diagrammatic and cartographic methods. The analysis shows that South-eastern Europe is characterized by increasing regional disparities, an increasingly superior performance of the metropolitan regions, serious discontinuities at the borders which have, in most cases, generated over-time border regions with below average performance and finally an urban with serious deficiencies in medium sized cities. These findings suggest that regional policy should become a permanent ingredient of indigenous and international development initiatives, which need to pay a greater attention to the needs of border regions, encouraging and promoting programs and policies of cross-border cooperation.
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Dusik, Jiri, and Barry Sadler. "Reforming strategic environmental assessment systems: lessons from Central and Eastern Europe." Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal 22, no. 2 (June 2004): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3152/147154604781766003.
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Wagner, Cynthia K. "International strategic alliances in biotechnology: Where does eastern Europe fit in?" Technology in Society 16, no. 3 (January 1994): 321–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0160-791x(94)90006-x.
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Kudrov, V. "Central and Eastern Europe Countries: Experience of System Transformation." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 5 (May 20, 2006): 97–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2006-5-97-114.
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Theoretical prerequisites, basic stages and mechanisms of the system market democratic transformation of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe are considered in the article. Special attention is paid to the methods of realization and strategic features of privatization of former state enterprises as well as to succeeding economic growth, rise in economic efficiency, increase of competitiveness and improving of living standards.
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Kavalski, Emilian. "China’s Belt and Road Initiative in Central and Eastern Europe." International Studies Review 19, no. 2 (October 19, 2018): 13–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2667078x-01902002.
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The Central and East European (CEE) part of the Eurasian landmass is often overlooked in the conversations on contemporary geopolitics. Yet, owing to China’s investment in the CEE countries, the region has been subject to growing strategic attention. This article offers a brief overview of the history of this relationship by focusing on the “16+1” mechanism. Nestled within the broader Belt and Road Initiative, the “16+1” has provided a unique regional arrangement for extending Chinese influence in the sixteen CEE countries. The article inquires whether there is something else than the instrumental economic reasoning for the willingness of CEE countries to partner with China. The analysis detects four distinct (and mutually exclusive) strategic narratives motivating the participation of CEE states in the “16+1” mechanism. The study concludes with an enquiry on China’s preparedness to respond to such identity geopolitics not only in the CEE region, but throughout the vast expanse covered by the BRI initiative.
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Mazur, I. P., S. S. Yessembayeva, and O. V. Shevchenko. "Cooperation of dentists from Eastern Europe." Oral and General Health 2, no. 1 (April 26, 2021): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.22141/ogh.2.1.2021.227060.
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The article presents the historical aspects of cooperation between dentists in Eastern Europe over the past thirty years. The formation of scientific dental schools, the ways of organizing dental care, the development of professional education had their national characteristics in the countries of Eastern Europe. The International Dental Association “Commonwealth” played a key role in the formation of the interaction of professional communities of Eastern Europe with the World Dental Federation (FDI) and the development of recommendations for the creation and implementation of programs for the primary prevention of dental diseases, taking into account the European indicators of dental health. The main jointly held dental congresses, meetings, and prospects of interstate interaction of dentists from Eastern Europe are presented.
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PANDUREVIC, NENAD. "Security Aspects of the Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe." Security Dialogue 32, no. 3 (September 2001): 311–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967010601032003004.
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Fedorov, Yury E. "Continuity and change in Russia’s policy toward Central and Eastern Europe." Communist and Post-Communist Studies 46, no. 3 (July 11, 2013): 315–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.postcomstud.2013.06.003.
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The accession of the CEE states to NATO and the European Union has put an end to the geopolitical ambiguity and implicit insecurity in the region between Russia and the socalled ‘Old Europe’. Instead of being an area of great powers’ rivalry, elements of ‘buffer belts’ lacking meaningful strategic options, objects of raw Nazi-Soviet deals, or zones under Russian occupation and domination, the three Baltic States and the Visegrad group countries became full-fledged members of the European Union and were given NATO’s security guarantees. By the middle of the 2000s, one would conclude that traditional geopolitics had ended in this region. However, the changes in the strategic situation in CEE have not changed the deep rooted moving forces and long-term strategic goals of the Russian policy toward the region.Moscow seeks to have the position, as its official rhetoric says, of an ‘influential centre of a multipolar world’ that would be nearly equal to the USA, China, or the EU. With this in view Moscow seeks for the establishment of its domination over the new independent states of the former USSR and for the formation of a sphere of influence for itself in Central Eastern Europe. If it achieves these goals, then Europe may return once again to traditional geopolitics fraught with great power rivalries and permanent instabilities radiating far beyond CEE borders. Yet a few questions remain. Has Russia come to the conclusion that attempting to restore its privileged position of influence in Central-Eastern Europe is wrong? Has Russia enough power to threaten the CEE countries? How credible are NATO’s security guarantees? How may Russian behavior in CEE affect a wider European geopolitical context? These questions are appropriate in the light of Russia’s ‘resurgence’ as a revanchist power and because Russia is, and most probably will remain in the next five to ten years, a weighty economic and strategic factor in areas along the Western borders of the former USSR.
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GRESKOVITS, BÉLA. "The postsocialist transformation in Central and Eastern Europe." Brazilian Journal of Political Economy 22, no. 4 (December 2002): 579–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0101-31572002-1270.
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ABSTRACT What is attempted in the East is catching up with the West from a recent position of worse-than-Latin-American economic backwardness. Until now, populations that were sentenced to political patience by the logic of poor democracies have reluctantly backed this enormous effort. Central and Eastern Europe’s post-socialist path is characterized by an increasingly discredited ideology of a return to Europe and a non- European combination of substitute institutions of development: radical opening towards the world economy, damaged institutions of labor representation, eroded state capacity, and often strong private and foreign dominance in the financial and other strategic sectors. There is a chance for a few countries to succeed. Yet various development traps may be more likely in the end than a “Great Spurt” in the Gerschenkronian sense.
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Williams, Ruth. "Strategic Developments in Open and Distance Learning in Central and Eastern Europe." Higher Education in Europe 25, no. 4 (December 2000): 519–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03797720120037868.
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Miccoli, Saverio, Fabrizio Finucci, and Rocco Murro. "A Strategic Model for a Complex Infrastructure in Northern Europe." Applied Mechanics and Materials 744-746 (March 2015): 2131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.744-746.2131.
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As part of the processes that are forming and integrating a shared European identity, considerable importance attaches to projects whose aim is to create a network of major lines of communication, facilitating access between neighbouring areas and improving existing connections at the continental scale. This paper discusses the Øresundbron project, a complex structure linking Denmark and Sweden across the strait of Øresund, consisting of a bridge and tunnel with associated installations on either coast along with various consolidation, reclamation, and environmental upgrading works. A description of the technical and construction aspects of the project is followed by a discussion of the financial, socio-economic and procedural feasibility aspects, showing how the decisive strategy for successfully and sustainably implementing a project of this type is to take an integrated approach to design.
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Antonowicz, Dominik, Jan Kohoutek, Rómulo Pinheiro, and Myroslava Hladchenko. "The roads of ‘excellence’ in Central and Eastern Europe." European Educational Research Journal 16, no. 5 (June 14, 2017): 547–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1474904116683186.
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The aim of the article is to explore the impact of excellence as a powerful policy idea in the context of recent and contemporary developments in three selected Central and Eastern European countries, namely, the Czech Republic, Poland and Ukraine. More specifically, we explore how excellence as a ‘global script’ was translated by policy makers into local contexts with institutionalized practices. It shows that the translation of the idea of excellence involved the rise of a series of novel policy measures such as long-term strategic funding and the establishment of various pertinent schemes (e.g. flagship universities, centres of excellence). By doing so, the analysis – which is comparative by nature – focuses on exploring major differences and similarities in the conceptualization and implementation of the idea of excellence in the three local contexts of science.
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Burquel, Nadine. "University—Enterprise Cooperation in Central and Eastern Europe." Industry and Higher Education 12, no. 1 (February 1998): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095042229801200102.
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This paper highlights the main findings of a study carried out within the framework of the European Commission's Tempus programme on university–enterprise cooperation in Central and Eastern Europe. The study was launched in 1996 by the Commission with the technical assistance of the European Training Foundation and developed with the European Centre for Strategic Management of Universities (ESMU) and the Slovak Tempus Office. The author presents the results of desk research on a sample of Tempus projects, and sets out the conclusions and recommendations to policy makers, to project promoters and to the Tempus programme. She describes the nature of university–enterprise cooperation projects in Central and Eastern European countries, showing the active role of individuals, development agencies, local authorities and various interface structures. However, she points out that university–enterprise cooperation is still confronted by major constraints linked to people (the vision of the university, the place of university–enterprise cooperation in that vision, the lack of initiatives and skills to develop it) and to systems (the internal management structure of universities, the hierarchical positioning of university representatives, the legal framework and degree structure which impact on agreements between universities and enterprises).
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Askeyev, Arthur, Oleg Askeyev, and Igor Askeyev. "Owls as bioindicators: their spatial and temporal aspects in Eastern Europe." European Journal of Ecology 5, no. 2 (January 1, 2019): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eje-2019-0015.
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Abstract The article presents the unique results of a study of the spatial distribution of owls in the territory of the Republic of Tatarstan by season of the year on long-term data. Ravkin’s transect method was used to census fixed randomly selected plots spread over a large geographic area. Abundance a lot of species of owls strong changed of different seasons of the year. In general, owls were indifferent to latitudinal, longitudinal, and altitude gradients in the territory of the Republic of Tatarstan, especially in winter and autumn periods. Probability of occurrences of boreal and pygmy owls can be used as indicators of the biological diversity of forest ecosystems in winter period.