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1
Бровко, Пётр, Борис Карастелёв, and Юрий Якубовский. "Территориальные и отраслевые аспекты инновационного подхода технологического развития вертолётостроительного производства Дальнего Востока России." ИЗВЕСТИЯ ДАЛЬНЕВОСТОЧНОГО ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА. ЭКОНОМИКА И УПРАВЛЕНИЕ, no. 3 (2019): 115–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.24866/2311-2271/2019-3/115-125.
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В работе представлено обоснование необходимости пере-хода вертолётостроительного производства Дальнего Востока России на инновационный подход технологического развития, который позволит преодолеть влияние территориальных и отраслевых негативных факторов и закрепиться на динамичных рынках Азиатско-Тихоокеанского региона. Обозначены перспективы роста экономики России и вертолётостроения, в частности, за счет выхода на рынки Азиатско-Тихоокеанского региона. В качестве организационного инструмента, способствующего продвижению инновационных технологий в вертолётостроительном производстве, предлагается создание центра технологических компетенций. It was found that the far East of Russia has unique competitive advantages, the main of which is the neighborhood with the dy-namically developing countries of the Asia-Pacific region, the economic rate of which over the past decade exceeds the global average. The strategic task facing the Russian economy is inte-gration into consolidation in the markets of the Asia-Pacific region, as producers of high-tech products. This necessitates the development of high-tech industries in the Russian far East, which include helicopter construction. In the helicopter industry in Russia there is a lag the world's leading companies in the use of innovative technologies of design, production and after-sales service. In addition, the work found that there are several prob-lems in the industry: the limited size of the domestic market, the reduction of public funding for new developments, the lack of competence of staff to work in the global market. In the far East, this situation is complicated by the influence of negative regional factors: high costs in the economy, a long, outflow of population, remoteness from traditional markets and suppliers, the raw material nature of the economy. The paper substantiates the need for the transition of helicopter production in the Far East of the Russian Federa-tion to an innovative approach to technological development, which will overcome the influence of ter-ritorial and sectoral negative factors. The components of the proposed innovative approach are the introduction into production of products with high export potential, building cooperation with partners from the Asia-Pacific region, technological renewal of the production system, establishing cooperation with scientific and educational institutions, small and medium-sized businesses. A tool for the imple-mentation of a new approach to the technological development of helicopter production in the Far East of Russia will be the creation of a center Of technological competencies, which will allow for coopera-tion between the production enterprises of the region and scientific and educational institutions, which will contribute to the generation of new knowledge and its practical use in production activities The rapid introduction of innovative technologies will increase the competitiveness of the Russian helicopter industry, which will strengthen its position in the Asia-Pacific region.
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Medvedev, Konstantin A. "“Our Position and Purposes on the Pacific Coast”: The Far East Development in the Perception of the Military Thinker P. F. Unterberger (1898)." Herald of an archivist, no. 4 (2020): 1215–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2020-4-1215-1227.
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This article is devoted to the Russian military and statesman P. F. Unterberger and his views on the position of the Russian Empire in the Far East in the late 19th century. The source of the article is the P. F. Unterberger’s note, which demonstrates primary objectives of Russia in the region. It is a part of P. F. Unterberger’s fond in the Russian State Military History Archive (RGVIA). The note was written in the late 19th century and is noteworthy not only as a source, revealing aspects of external and internal policy of Russia, but as an attempt of a Russian general to make a project of the Far East’s development. Therefore, on the basis of his note, the article strives to assess intellectual tendencies and processes of the era. Of primary importance for P. F. Unterberger was military presence of Russia in the Far East. He pointed out that strategic importance of the region had significantly increased in the late 19th century. He saw one of the main aims of the Russian Empire in acquiring an ice-free port in the Far East. The need to connect the Far Eastern periphery with Central Russia prompted him to address the problem of transport development. Thus, P. F. Unterberger underscored the necessity of the Trans-Siberian Railway construction. He focused on relations between Russia and other states. P. F. Unterberger urged Russia to establish cordial relations with China, the biggest state of the Far East. On England, which also had its interests on the Pacific coast, he held a different view. Japan he considered Russia’s most dangerous enemy in the region. There are some results in the article’s conclusion. The note of P. F. Unterberger shows some intellectual tendencies of the turn of the 20th centuries. One of them was the idea of “yellow peril.” However, of most significance is the source itself. Such complex theories subsequently have become a part of the scholarship known as “geopolitics.”
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Dudin, Pavel Nikolaevich. "Barga as a part of the Russian strategic interests in Eastern Asia in the first quarter of the XX century: treaty aspect." Genesis: исторические исследования, no. 8 (August 2020): 12–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-868x.2020.8.33689.
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Based on the previously unexamined treaties and agreements, this article analyzes the civilian mechanism of ensuring Russia’s interest in Manchuria on the background of establishment and development of statehood of Hulunbuir District, also known as Barga. Having lost the Russo-Japanese War and a number of backbone territories, the Russian Empire took all necessary steps towards retention and strengthening of its influence in the region, was able to form the zones of primary interests, and this control the process of acquisition of relative autonomy by Barga. It is concluded that within the framework of considered agreements, Russia’ national interests in the Far East were reliably protected. It was achieved by the concessions, which by their legal nature significantly differed from the concessions and settlements created by the foreign powers in Eastern China, although were capable of ensuring Russia’s presence and safeguarding the strategic interests. Despite the fact that the created system demonstrated its effectiveness, it did not survive the political crises caused by the revolutionary events and demise of the Russian Empire. China’s leadership took advantage of the situation that unfolded in Russia, and liquidated the autonomy of Outer Mongolia, and later the status of Hulunbuir, stipulated in the agreements.
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Loreto Cecioni, R. "The Historical Perspective of Russian Turn to the East: How Russia Became an Eastern Power in XXI Century." Outlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law 14, no. 3 (July 3, 2021): 127–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.23932/2542-0240-2021-14-3-7.
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Russia’s so-called “turn to the East” policy has become one of the widely discussed issues among other issues in contemporary international relations. The new strategic relations with China and the beginning of a new era in Sino-Russian bilateral relations are the most representative results of the “turn to the East”. The history behind these relations is a factor with tend to be ignored by those discussing the matter. However, the historical view of Sino-Russian relations can provide us with new horizons in their interpretation. This article analyses the “turns to the East” from a historical point of view and theorizes new approaches towards their conceptualization. From the historical point of view, Russia’s “turns to the East” can potentially help the two countries overcome very profound obstacles in bilateral relations, such as the problem of Russia’s image in China after the border disputes with the Qing Empire. Undoubtedly, the “turns to the East” policy’s implications in the economic development of Russian Far East is one of the central topics. As well, the historical analysis of this policy can enrich nowadays discussion about Russian identity and Russia’s position in the East-West paradigm. Also, this article draws attention to the commercial aspect of Sino-Russian relations, which nowadays still represent an important criterion in judging the “turn to the East” policy’s effectiveness. By including examples of other countries’ relations with China, we tried to underline how history has become an instru- ment for developing relations with modern China and how this opportunity is applicable in the Sino-Russian context too.
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Andreev, Ivan A. "China’s “soft power” and its projection onto the territory of post-Soviet Eurasia." VESTNIK INSTITUTA SOTZIOLOGII 29, no. 2 (2019): 90–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/vis.2019.29.2.578.
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This article considers the use of “soft power” as an instrument of China’s political strategy. Within the context of the issue of combining forms of international political influence, the notion of “soft power” is unveiled as interpreted by its author – American political expert J. Nye – while analyzing the adaptation of said notion to Peking’s political strategy, which in turn is associated with China’s rise to the position of global superpower number 2. Highlighted is the fact that this notion is attune to China’s centuries-old political tradition, as well as Peking’s current objective to relieve its neighbors traditional unease on account of a possible threat on their behalf, due both to the sheer size of the country, with its population of almost 1.5 billion people, and its relatively recent aggressive behavior during the time of Maoism. The article gives a characteristic of the main instruments used to implement the Chinese strategy of “soft” influence, particularly broadening the network of Confucius institutes and classes, taking advantage of hosting high-profile international events, education in China’s educational facilities, establishing control over certain global media corporations etc. Especially considered is the use of “soft power” in China’s collaboration with post-Soviet states, primarily with Russia and republics of central Asia. Demonstrated are features of the political context of Peking’s use of “soft power” on post-Soviet territory, highlighted among which is a rather strong prejudice against China in countries of central Asia, as well as the need to achieve a friendlier relationship with the Russian Federation, which in turn possesses “soft power” potential comparable to China, and also strives to play a leading role on post-Soviet territory. Based on the analysis conducted, the author comes to the conclusion that “soft power” methods were able to solidify a strong foundation of public support for a strategic partnership between Russia and China. This in no small part helped in gradually increasing the level of mutual trust throughout the last decade, which, on one hand, helped calm Russian people’s anxiety on account of Chinese migration to regions of the Far East and Siberia, and on the other – without any serious incidents lighten certain delicate aspects of Russian-Chinese relations which had emerged in the past.
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Huaigao, Qi, and Li Kaisheng. "The Shifting Power Structure of Northeast Asia and China’s Strategic Choices in the 2020s." Journal of International Analytics 11, no. 2 (November 7, 2020): 45–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.46272/2587-8476-2020-11-2-45-67.
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The Northeast Asian (NEA) power structure demonstrates a weakening unipolarity of the United States (U.S.), which will evolve into a power structure with “multilateral co-opetition of two superpowers (China and the U.S.) and three regional great powers (Russia, Japan, and South Korea)” during the 2020s. In the context of this shifting power structure, the other fi ve NEA states will adjust their diplomatic policies. Japan, Russia, and South Korea, which occupy the second tier of the NEA power structure, will pursue regional great power diplomacy and regional interests. Russia will maintain a careful balance with China and the U.S., and will use investments from the other NEA states pragmatically to develop its Far East region. Japan will seek to maximize its security guarantees from the U.S. while actively obtaining economic benefi ts from China, and will try to remain fl exible in terms of its NEA strategic choice. South Korea will implement the so-called “two superpowers diplomacy” in relation to the U.S. and China in order to enhance its strategic autonomy. With relatively weak national power, North Korea and Mongolia occupy the third tier of the NEA power structure, and they will try to ensure the survival of their respective regimes and promote national security. China’s strategic choices for NEA in the next decade are likely to include fi ve aspects: 1) to avoid a “new Cold War” and achieve a strategic balance with the U.S.; 2) to maintain friendly and close strategic ties with Russia; 3) to actively promote economic cooperation with the other NEA countries; 4) to promote the establishment of a regional security mechanism in the future that includes all the NEA states, for example, a “Northeast Asia Peace and Cooperation Organization” (NEAPCO); and 5) to construct a collective NEA identity.
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Винокурова, А. В., А. Ю. Ардальянова, and Ж. Шаривхан. "Уехать "куда" или "откуда": условия жизни и миграционные стратегии жителей дальневосточного российско-китайского приграничья." ОЙКУМЕНА. РЕГИОНОВЕДЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ, no. 4 (2020): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.24866/1998-6785/2020-4/7-15.
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Для дальневосточных регионов российско-китайского приграничья на сегодняшний день значимы некоторые, не совсем благоприятные социальные тенденции, связанные с ухудшением различных аспектов повседневной жизни людей, включая плохое состояние социальной инфраструктуры, наличие больших трудностей в сфере труда и занятости, снижение реальных доходов населения и пр. В своём исследовании мы опирались на вторичный социологический анализ (в том числе с использованием статистических данных) и количественные методы (анкетный опрос). В целом выявленные проблемы и тренды существенно влияют на физическое и духовное воспроизводство населения. Их следует учитывать в качестве факторов, воздействующих на социальное условия жизни и миграционные стратегии жителей Дальнего Востока, что является принципиально важным для планирования региональной социальной политики. For the Far Eastern regions of the Russian-Chinese border to date, some important, not very favorable social trends associated with the deterioration of various aspects of the daily lives of people, including the poor state of social infrastructure, presence of major difficulties in the field of labor and employment, reduced real incomes, etc. In our research, we relied on secondary sociological analysis (including statistical data) and quantitative methods (questionnaire survey). In general, the identified problems and trends significantly affect the physical and spiritual reproduction of the population. They should be taken into account as factors that affect the social well-being and migration strategies of residents of the Far East, which is fundamentally important for planning regional social policy.
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Cheng, Yijun. "STATUS AND PROSPECTS OF RUSSIAN-CHINESE REGIONAL COOPERATION." World of Russian-speaking Countries 6, no. 4 (2020): 5–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.20323/2658-7866-2020-4-6-5-26.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of the state and prospects of Russian-Chinese regional cooperation, a historical overview of the main stages of more than a decade of Sino-Russian regional cooperation, which starts since the signing of the “Plan of Cooperation between the North-East of the People's Republic of China and the Far East of the Russian Federation and Eastern Siberia (2009-2018)” in 2009. The article considers the development of the Northeast region as a key national strategy of China, and the development of the Far East and Eastern Siberia as an important aspect of Russian policy; it analyses the policy documents of the Chinese Government aimed at making the North-East region an internationally competitive industrial base for the production of equipment, new raw materials and energy resources, vital commodities and agricultural production, as well as important national technologies; here is characterized by the federal target program for the economic and social development of the Far East and Transbaikalia approved by the Government of the Russian Federation and the “Strategy for the socio-economic development of the Far East and the Baikal region until 2025”, as well as the “Plan for cooperation between the northeast region of the People's Republic of China and the Far East and Eastern Siberia of the Russian Federation”, where regional cooperation is positioned as a logical choice for economic development. The article analyzes the results of regional cooperation: the construction of infrastructure and transport facilities connecting the ports of the two parties, the construction of industrial complexes, cooperation in the field of forestry and agriculture, etc. The article comments on the main problems of Sino-Russian regional cooperation and ways to solve them, defines the prospects for the development of this cooperation in the context of the “Joint Statement of the Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China on cooperation to combine the construction of the Eurasian Economic Union and the Silk Road Economic Belt”. The article concludes that in today's highly developed Sino-Russian strategic partnership, regional cooperation is very important for further strengthening economic ties between the two countries, deepening mutual understanding between the two peoples and promoting the comprehensive development of bilateral relations.
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Sobolev, Aleksei, Peter Gibson, Gennadei Sekisov, and Anton Andriushenko. "Strategic positioning of the Russian Far East gold mining industry." E3S Web of Conferences 192 (2020): 03021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019203021.
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The objectives of this paper is to investigate internal and external factors influencing the gold mining in Russian Far East. Justification of the methodological and practical recommendations as well as effective strategies which in full measure correspond to the range of economic and technical factors aimed to increase the effectiveness of gold mining industry in Russia are presented. In this paper, we analysed the current state and main development trends, identified strengths and weaknesses of the internal environment, as well as opportunities and threats of the external environment for the gold mining enterprises based on SWOT analysis. Based on the analysis identified directions of production strategies improvements, sound strategic response and strategic management mechanisms to mitigate the challenges of current times. Their implementation will allow companies using the strengths to reduce the negative impact of weaknesses and prevent key threats, that will significantly increase the competitiveness and economic efficiency of the Russian gold mining industry.
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GORDIENKO, D. V. "MILITARY COMPONENT OF THE POLICY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN THE "STRATEGIC TRIANGLE" RUSSIA – CHINA – USA: REGIONAL ASPECTS." EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 3, no. 8 (2020): 80–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2020.08.03.011.
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The military component of the Russian Federation's policy in the "strategic triangle" Russia-China-USA occupies an important place in the implementation of Russian aspirations in various regions of the world. The purpose of this article is to assess the impact of the military component of the Russian Federation's policy in the Russia-China- US strategic triangle on the implementation of current Russian policy in the post-Soviet space, in the Asia-Pacific and Euro-Atlantic regions, in the Arctic, the Middle East and other regions of the world. The paper examines the influence of the military component of the Russian Federation's policy in the Russia- China-USA “strategic triangle”, proposes an approach to a comparative assessment of this influence, which allows identifying the priorities of Russian policy in the post-Soviet space, in the Asia-Pacific and Euro-Atlantic regions, in the Arctic, on The Middle East and other regions of the world. A comparative assessment of the influence of the military component of the Russian Federation's policy in the Russia-China-USA “strategic triangle” can be used to substantiate recommendations to the military-political leadership of our country. The article concludes that the military component of Russian policy occupies a dominant position in the implementation of the current policy of the Russian Federation in the post-Soviet space, in the Asia- Pacific and Euro-Atlantic regions, in the Arctic, the Middle East and in other regions of the world.
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Kireeva, A. A. "RUSSIA AND EAST ASIA: NEW OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 3(36) (June 28, 2014): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2014-3-36-9-19.
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The article focuses on major dimensions, achievements, challenges and prospects of relations between Russia and East Asia. Strategic importance of the region is shaped by East Asia's increasing role in world politics and economy as well as by its appeal for Russia's modernization agenda. Russia's great power status rests upon the effectiveness of its East Asian policy and development model of Siberia and the Russian Far East. Russia's positions in East Asia have improved substantially over the 2000s. However, its involvement in regional economic interaction is still insignificant and Russia cannot be regarded as a full-fledged regional player in this domain. Russian-Chinese strategic partnership has been the axis of Russia's East Asian foreign policy, though overdependence on China threatens Russia's independent policy in the region and encourages Russia to search for ways to diversify its ties. Russia's national interests reside in multivector policy, aimed at developing substantive relations not only with China but also with Japan, South Korea, ASEAN (Vietnam in the first place) and India along with Russia's involvement in the resolution of Korean nuclear crisis. The rise of China and the US counter-offensive have resulted in a changing strategic environment in East Asia. A need for balancing between the US and China has brought about ASEAN countries' desire to welcome Russia as a "balancer" or an "honest player" in the region. It corresponds with Russia's course on playing a greater role in regional cooperation and integration. Russia's improving ties in political, economic, energy and security dimensions have the potential to contribute to the stability of the emerging polycentric regional order in East Asia and development of Russia's regions of Siberia and the Far East.
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Fomin, Maksim V. "SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT & INFRASTRUCTURE CONNECTIVITY OF THE RUSSIAN FAR EAST." Scientific Review. Series 1. Economics and Law, no. 6 (2020): 41–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.26653/2076-4650-2020-6-04.
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The article deals with the spatial development of the Russian Far East in the context of infrastructure connectivity and migration. The construction of a new railway network, the renovation of highways and the modernization of airports are the most important conditions for the successful functioning of the state, ensuring competitiveness, socio-economic growth and capitalization of territories. The coordinated and progressive development of infrastructure not only contributes to the retention of the local population, but also increases the investment and migration attractiveness of the territories. Taking into account the territorial conditions of Russia-first of all, its length and spatial disproportion-the problems of transport and logistics infrastructure are of particular importance. The conclusions obtained as a result of the study can be used both in strategic planning at the level of macro-regions, and in conducting further research at the national and interregional levels. Keywords: spatial development, territorial planning, migration, The Russian Far East, airfield infrastructure, railway network, regional highways, port facilities.
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Gritsko, M. A. "Socio-demographic parameters of the Far East of Russia in the conditions of the implementation of documents of strategic development." POWER AND ADMINISTRATION IN THE EAST OF RUSSIA 95, no. 2 (2021): 36–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/1818-4049-2021-95-2-36-46.
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The demographic aspect of the development of the largest macro-region in the country remains among its key problems for a long time. At the present stage of the implementation of the new economic policy in relation to the Far East, the federal authorities pay increased attention to the problem of the annually shrinking population. The goal of building up the demographic potential, stopping the migration outflow and attracting new residents to the territory of the Far Eastern regions by improving the quality of life is central to many strategic documents. So, in 2017, the Concept of the demographic policy of the Far East for the period up to 2025 was adopted. In 2020, the National Program for the Socio-Economic Development of the Far East for the period until 2024 and for the future until 2035 was approved. At the same time, despite the active work in the development and adoption of strategic documents and the implantation of various kinds of institutional innovations, the real socio-demographic situation in the macroregion significantly differs from the formed expectations. The article analyzes the two indicated documents from the point of view of achieving the parameters declared in them. The main attention is paid to the first stage of the implementation of the Concept of Demographic Policy, which fell on the period 2017-2020. It is concluded that the adopted strategic documents have not yet led to the achievement of the planned results. Thus, the actual socio-demographic indicators during the implementation of the first stage of the Concept of Demographic Policy lagged significantly behind the planned values, while an annual increase in the gap between them was noted. A significant deterioration in the situation occurred in 2020, when a new coronavirus infection spread in Russia and the world. Considering that the unfavorable situation persists and the third wave of morbidity is currently observed, there is a high likelihood of a further increase in the gap between the planned and actual results, which requires adjusting the measures and indicators laid down in the documents of the strategic development of the macroregion.
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Amirov, V., and A. Fedorovskii. "To XXth Anniversary of Establishment of Diplomatic Relationship between Moscow and Seoul." World Economy and International Relations, no. 1 (2011): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2011-1-77-85.
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Development of bilateral ties between Russia and Republic of Korea since the establishment of diplomatic relations in 1990 are discussed: key trends in evaluation from bilateral cooperation to strategic partnership. Role of PDRK and the ROK in Russia’s foreign policy towards the Korean Peninsula and North East Asia. Close bilateral cooperation in high-tech industries, joint programs of economic development of the Russian Far East are the main factors for successful expansion of Russia-South Korean economic relations in the next 20 years.
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Volynchuk, A. B., S. K. Pestsov, L. E. Kozlov, and Ya A. Volynchuk. "Regional Policy of Russia in the Far East: Why Does It Go Wrong and What Is Apparently Seceded." Journal of Politics and Law 11, no. 4 (October 17, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v11n4p1.
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The main subject matter in this article is the development policy of the Russian Far East as one of the aspects (constituent elements) of the regional development of the Russian Federation declared and implemented by the country's leadership since the mid-1990s. The Russian experience of regional policy related to the development of the Far East is of scientific and practical interest. The analysis of modern regional policy allows us talking about a new content interpretation, formation of basic approaches, principles in the development of the Russian Far East. The main features and peculiarities of this policy are considered by the authors in the context of a discussion about the so-called new paradigm of regional policy that is unfolding in recent years. The article analyzes the strengths and weaknesses of the new regional policy based on the provision of tax and other benefits to business entities, and evaluates its effectiveness.
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Rozman, Gilbert. "Strategic Thinking About the Russian Far East: A Resurgent Russia Eyes Its Future in Northeast Asia." Problems of Post-Communism 55, no. 1 (January 2008): 36–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/ppc1075-8216550104.
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Larin, V. "Strategic Priorities of Pacific Russia's Development." World Economy and International Relations, no. 6 (2015): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2015-6-18-27.
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The article aims to put forward new approaches to encouraging the development of Russia's Eastern regions. Firstly, the author describes Pacific Russia as a specific social and economic territory. He insists that in its strategic planning the government has to take into account not only the region’s vast territory and unfavorable climate, but its economic and social orientation towards Asia-Pacific region. Secondly, the author analyzes underlying causes of previous failures to speed up Pacific Russia’s development. Two factors have stimulated policy towards Russia Pacific: the desire to strengthen Moscow’s control over this region and to ensure Russia presence in the APR. Infrastructure improvement, increase of local population, and a stronger binding of this region to European center were the three main pillars of this policy. Traditional instruments such as administrative and political resources and program-oriented planning have been used. The Kremlin actions to implement its goals have yielded some positive results, especially in the field of Russia’s advance into the Asia-Pacific and its trade with Northeast Asian countries. However, the efficiency of politico-administrative and intellectual efforts was extremely low, and the purpose to make the Far East a Russia’s steady foothold in the Asia Pacific region has not been achieved. Finally, the author claims that from the standpoint of Russia's national interests the development of Pacific Russia region is preferably a strategic rather than an economic project. If Moscow really intends to convert this chronically problematic region into a successful one it has to give up to perceive the region as an appendage of European motherland and to rethink the ideology of its development. Author calls to abandon the idea of socio-economic development of the whole territory of the Far East and to prefer a “zonal development model” with the stress on strategic goals, individual policies for each zone and anthropocentric approach to regional development. Zonal development is based on the recognition of unique functions performed by different territories of Pacific Russia, so these areas should become the subjects of a differentiated policy. Anthropocentric approach means preferential federal investment into human capital, as well as special attention to the local people interests and potential as the resources of Russian policy in the APR. Acknowledgements. The article has been supported by a grant of Russian Science Foundation, project № 14-18-00161 “Far Eastern Resource of Russia’s Integration into APR: experience and potential of regional and border interaction”.
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Medvedev, Konstantin A. "P.M. GOLOVACHEV. THE FAR EAST IN THE THOUGHTS OF THE HISTORIAN." RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. Series Political Sciences. History. International Relations, no. 1 (2021): 50–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-6339-2021-1-50-61.
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The author of the article makes an attempt to analyze the views of Russian historian Peter Mikhailovich Golovachev. Those views concerned issues of Russian policy in the Far East in the late 19 th – early 20 th century. The basis of the article is analyzing P.M. Golovachev’s treatise “Russia in the Far East”. The author of the article intends not only to research different aspects of Russian Far Eastern policy raised in that treatise. The analysis of intellectual context has an equal significance. The author makes an attempt to represent specific features of Russian public thought at the turn of the ages. Researching of P.M. Golovachev’s views enables to identify several intellectual transformations concerned Russian society’s visions of the Far East. The author of the article emphasizes that historical knowledge allowed P.M. Golovachev having an unconventional approach to the consideration of issues of interest to the Russian public. The latter was expressed, in particular, in criticism of well-established ideas and concepts. The author concludes arguing that P.M. Golovachev’s work was the great example of the Far East development project. The emergence of such projects became the forerunner of the sphere of knowledge, which later became known as “geopolitics”.
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Riazantsev, S. "Internal Migration of the Russian Population: Tendencies and Social and Economic Consequences." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 7 (July 20, 2005): 37–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2005-7-37-49.
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The article examines tendencies and directions of internal migration in Russia under present conditions. It gives detailed review of features of the interregional migratory exchange between federal districts and subjects of Federation. Also the reasons of reduction of migration inside Russia in the 1990s are discovered. Calculations of the coefficients of the intensity of migratory ties between subjects of Federation are presented and the basic directions of migration at the regional level are defined. Besides the key problems of the internal Russian population migration are distinguished, among - migratory outflow and losses of the population in the regions of Siberia and the Far East. Strategic directions of the migration policy of Russia in the middle term are presented.
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Kudryashova, K. L. "Strategic analysis of trends in the global fishing industry." Russian Journal of Industrial Economics 12, no. 1 (April 6, 2019): 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/2072-1633-2019-1-18-28.
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The article analyzes global strategic trends in the development of the fishing industry, whose most important role in terms of the successful development of society is increasingly recognized. For a number of priorities and indicators, the leading countries in the production, export and import of fish and fish products are indicated. The strategic vector of development of the fishing industry in Russia as a whole and, in particular, the Russian Far East has been substantiated. The competitive advantage of the region is the best resource base among all regions of Russia. The main objects of the fishing industry of Russia, determining its competitiveness in the global market, are concentrated in the Kamchatka Territory, Sakhalin Region, Primorsky and Khabarovsk Territories. The level of development of the productive forces of the fishing industry of the Far Eastern Federal District predetermines the role of Russia in the most important economic space of the world – the Asia-Pacific region, where, since 1992, leaders of the fishing industry have been localized. The problem of realizing the strategic potential of the fisheries complex in Russia is complicated by the lack of capacity of the fishing fleet, port infrastructure, refrigeration and storage facilities onshore, and coastal fish processing plants.
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Zhuravel, Valery. "Russia in the Arctic: the Results of 2020 and Development Prospects." Scientific and Analytical Herald of IE RAS, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.15211/vestnikieran120218995.
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The Arctic has always been in the field of close attention of the Russian leadership. This was especially true in 2020. This year, a number of important strategic planning documents were adopted that define the country’s state policy in the Arctic zone for the next 15 years. These are: The Fundamentals of State policy in the Arctic Zone until 2035 and the Strategy for the development of the Russian Federation’s Arctic zone and ensuring national security for the period up to 2035. In parallel, work continued improving the federal authorities activities on the exploration and development of the Arctic. New members of the State Commission for Arctic development approved including their powers expanded. The newly formed Ministry of the Russian Federation for development of the Far East and the Arctic has begun its activity. Simultaneously, the Government decided on the extension of the Far East development institutions competence in the Arctic zone. The attention of the public was drawn to the planned major infrastructure projects in all the subjects of the Russian Arctic. The author, drawing attention to a wide list of planned major arctic infrastructure projects in all the subjects of the Russian Arctic zone, expresses doubts about the possibility of their implementation, taking into account the existing and potential difficulties. The article points to the need to use the experience in the advancement and development of the Arctic, acquired in 2020, during the Russian presidency of the Arctic Council in 2021–2023.
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Rogozhin, A. A., and N. G. Rogozhina. "South East Asia – In the Priorities of Russian Policy “Pivot to Asia”." Outlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law 12, no. 1 (April 1, 2019): 185–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.23932/2542-0240-2019-12-1-185-203.
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The foreign policy course “Turn to Asia”, taken by Russia in the early 2000s, was not accompanied, however, by the expansion of interaction with the countries of South East Asia. Despite creating a certain foundation for the development of bilateral and multilateral cooperation, its potential is far from being fully explored. The presence of objective factors hampered its expansion and limited the active involvement of Russia in regional integration processes. The article assesses the prospects for the development of relations with Southeast Asian countries in the context of Russia’s strategic and economic interests in the region and the emerging conditions for their implementation. The authors note that the region has begun to acquire strategic importance for Russia, firstly, for economic reasons, given the dynamics of its growth and the possibility of its involvement in Russian integration projects,secondly, for geopolitical reasons, based on an assessment of its contribution to the formation of a security architecture in the Asia-Pacific region, the principles of which are generally consistent with Russia’s strategic interests, which are realized within the framework of diplomatic and militarypoliticalrapprochement with the countries of South East Asia. The article notes that in building their relations with them, Russia proceeds from the fact that its more active participation in regional affairs may become a factor hindering the establishment of hegemony by one of the great powers in the region, which generally meets the interests of the Southeast Asian countries themselves. At the same time, the authors come to the conclusion that in search of a force capable of ensuring stability in the region, the choice of Southeast Asian countries is unlikely to stop only on Russia, whose real level of political influence in the region is still low. As for economic cooperation Russia with the countries of South East Asia, in recent years, the interaction between them in the framework of bilateral relations has strengthened, primarily in trade. Russia has a positive balance in trade with the countries of the region. However, investment cooperation between them is small in scope and does not play a significant role in the economies of the counterparty countries. The article provides a detailed analysis of the problems that complicate Russia’s economic cooperation with the countries of South East Asia and offers recommendations for solving them, taking into account the specifics of Russian business and the particularities of the local market development. The authors come to the conclusion that the success of Russia’s economic relations with the countries of South East Asia will largely depend on whether we recognize them as equally important partners as China or India. No political steps taken by Russia in South East Asia will lead to a strengthening of its position in the region, if they are not accompanied by its economic expansion.
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Minakir, Pavel. "The Economy of the Pandemic: A Far Eastern Russian Aspect." Spatial Economics 16, no. 4 (2020): 7–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.14530/se.2020.4.007-022.
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The article presents continuation of analysis of national and international aspects in assessment of economic after-effects of a new corona virus pandemic. It analyzes the finance and economy performance for 11 months of 2020 with a stress on specific economic situation in the Far Eastern Federal Okrug (FEFO, district). It regards a basic difference in the pandemic situation between overall Russia and its Far East. The author notes that the macro region demonstrates a tighter balance between the load and the available reserves in primary health care (medical and social) as compared to Russia overall. Estimated and assessed are economic losses related to the pandemic in the key structural segments of the Far Eastern Russia economy (industry, budgets, foreign trade, labour market, construction). Variance of program indicators is considered. The following most meaningful lines of the pandemic influence on the Far East economy have been identified: curtailing output and revenue from a stop-over or even exit from the market; scaling-down production after a fall in demand; decreasing value of exports with closing borders; falling foreign market demand and falling mineral resource extraction; an upswing rise in prices caused by shrinking imports; a growing shortage of manpower from closed borders; growing expenses and decreasing tax revenues for regional budgets. Three larger FEFO economy sectors are described as to their losses from the pandemic: the bigger sector (almost 2/3 of the entire economy) is formed by the types of economic activity that have lost and are still losing revenue and those that have reduced turnover following the shrinking demand; 13% of the economy have suffered from a spring lock-down; approximately 20% of the economy are either winners or those neutral to the situation
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Suvorov, Valery Vladimirovich, and Aleksandr Nikolaevich Sulimin. "S.Yu. Witte’s views on the cultural and historical significance of the railway communication in the East of the Russian Empire." Samara Journal of Science 8, no. 4 (November 29, 2019): 185–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv201984212.
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The paper presents the Minister of Finance S.Yu. Wittes views on cultural and historical significance of the railway communication in the Asian part of the Russian Empire. Although Witte primarily attached importance to the economic factor of the railroad, designed to connect the western and the eastern parts of Russia, he nevertheless often noted the military-strategic and cultural-historical significance of the Siberian railroad and the China Eastern Railway. Attaching particular importance to the railway communication in ensuring both economic and cultural contacts of Europeans, especially the population of Russia, with the Eastern peoples, Witte saw the awakening of the East and the expansion of its ties with the Western world as consequences. According to the Minister of Finance, such connections opened by the railway made it impossible to maintain alienation for the peoples of the Far East. Understanding the scale of the consequences of cultural, economic and political ties that had opened up, Witte noted a special task that was assigned to Russia in bringing Western and Eastern peoples closer together. Russia, providing the opportunity for interaction between the West and the East through the railway built by it, was to use, according to Witte, all the benefits of their convergence, which boiled down to the socio-economic and cultural development of Siberia and the Russian Far East. It is important that Witte also saw geopolitical changes associated with the possible rapprochement between Russia and Japan on the basis of common economic interests as a consequence of the development of the railway communication.
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Vorobyov, V. "Russia and China: Building a Trustful Partnership." Journal of International Analytics, no. 1 (March 28, 2017): 14–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.46272/2587-8476-2017-0-1-14-28.
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This brief history of relations between the PRC and the Soviet Union (Russia) traces their evolution, starting with open hostility and ideology-driven debates of the 1960’s through normalization during the Gorbachev era, ending with trustful partnership and strategic cooperation at the turn of the 21st century under Yeltsin and Putin.The central topic is the negotiations of 1964-2004 for the delimitation along the western and eastern parts of the boundary between China and Russia, which ended with signing and ratifying an agreement resolving all territorial disputes and demarcating the boundaries at their full length. Establishment of cross-border cooperation on a broad range of issues is described as the main priority for both countries, taking into consideration the fact that large territory of Russia including its Far East and Far North is in the scope of the newest Chinese ‘One Belt, One Road’ initiative. The article analyses contents of this strategic initiative, its domestic and foreign economic implications. The history of military détente between China and Russia and confidence-building measures are described. Brief outline of the history of the SCO as well as the main concepts of its activities are also addressed. Several controversial questions concerning the possible trends of Sino-Russian cooperation in the current international situation are raised in the article.
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Streltsov, D. V. "RUSSIAN–JAPANESE TRADE AND ECONOMIC RELATIONS: IS THERE A NEW FULCRUM?" MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 1(46) (February 28, 2016): 93–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2016-1-46-93-105.
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Against the background of political chilling between Russia and Japan trade and economic cooperation objectively form a basis for a positive development of bilateral relations in the foreseeable future. The structure of mutual trade has not changed significantly for a number of years. Russia plays the role as a pivotal supplier of certain raw materials for the Japanese market, namely energy resources, non-ferrous metals, seafood and timber. From Japan Russia imports mainly passenger cars and a certain amount of industrial equipment. With regard to investment relations between Russia and Japan, there exists a serious structural problem - the two economies are interdependent from the point of view of the technological division of labor. Russia, particularly its Eastern regions, not possessing sufficient infrastructure and logistics capabilities, as well as cheap labor resources, does not have any competitive advantages for Japanese investment compared to other countries like China. The potential of Russia is mostly viewed in Japan just as an energy donor. Thus the largest prospects of investment cooperation lie in the energy sphere. One can talk of the possibility for raising Russia's share in the Japanese oil and LNG markets. This perspective is supported by the instability of the political situation in the Middle East, which is Japan's main partner for energy supplies. In this connection, large-scale investment projects in the energy field, like the construction of gas pipeline "Sakhalin - Japan" or a power bridge "Sakhalin - Hokkaido", retain their perceptiveness. However, given the political, juridical, organizational, technical and other problems, these projects are difficult for implementation at the present stage. In this situation, the allocation of a certain share for Japan in the strategic energy deposits of Siberia and the Far East and the admission of Japanese capital to the exploration and development of these deposits seem to be a realistic choice for Russian strategic planning towards Japan, as such a cooperation would not be a subject of Western sanctions against Russia. For Russia it is important to build with Japan relationship on a more long-term and lasting basis. One of the possible ways here is to conclude a bilateral economic partnership agreement.
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Fomin, M. V., V. A. Bezverbny, I. A. Seleznev, I. S. Shushpanova, E. A. Lukashenko, and T. R. Miriazov. "Regions spatial development problems of the Russian Far East North: sociological analysis." Arctic and Antarctic Research 66, no. 2 (July 10, 2020): 217–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.30758/0555-2648-2020-66-2-217-233.
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The purpose of the article is to identify the features and problems of spatial development of the regions of the North of the Russian Far East. The research was carried out under the project “Modeling the spatial development scenarios of Siberia and the Far East of Russia until 2030: features of the resettlement system” (RFBR grant No. 19-010-00836 A), which won the RFBR competition “Fundamental Scientific Research Projects”. The study is being conducted by the team of the Department of Geourbanistics & Spatial Development of ISPR FCTAS RAS since 2019 and is intended to last for three years. The main goal is to assess the current state of the resettlement system, develop strategic prospects and model alternative scenarios for the spatial development of the regions of the Siberian and Far Eastern Federal Districts. A key feature is the use of interdisciplinary methods based on a combination of economic, mathematical, sociological, statistical and scenario approaches to research. From a practical point of view, the project results will help to plan more rationally the spatial development the spatial development of the country’s regions. The analysis shows that the sociological methods of spatial research have large reserves but are not yet used to the full capacity. This article discusses the current problems of spatial development of the north of the Russian Far East. On the basis of the authors’ development of the empirical research model by a group of scientists of ISPR FCTAS RAS, in August 2019, the survey of respondents of the Kamchatka Krai, the Magadan Oblast` and the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug was conducted. The results of the opinion poll made it possible to identify differences in migration preferences, a number of features of the economic potential capacity and the quality of infrastructure, and the social sphere of the Far Eastern regions of the country.
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Lee, Sang Joon. "Main achievements and further tasks for Korean-Russian economic cooperation: From trade to investment and innovation." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. International relations 13, no. 3 (2020): 341–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu06.2020.304.
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The article aims to examine the performance of trade and investment since the diplomatic normalization of relations between the Russian Federation (RF) and the Republic of Korea (ROK) and also suggests further areas for the development of economic cooperation between the two countries. The volume of trade between the two countries in 2019 has grown 116-fold compared to 1992. To increase trade volume, it is necessary to increase intra-industry trade to improve the mutual relationship. The direct investment of Korea into Russia has been increased, as well as diversified in different sectors. Korea’s total investment in Russia is approximately 2.75 billion USD, which is relatively small compared to investments made by Korea globally. Korea’s New Northern Policy seeks to strengthen cooperation with Russia. Korean companies must reevaluate the strategic importance of Russia. The lesson learnt from the previous experience of overcoming past crises is, first, to believe in the potential and capabilities of the Russian economy and market. The development of the Far East and the Arctic has made Russia’s energy supply chain more stable and flexible in responding to changes in the energy market. In addition, Russia is also becoming the center of the 4th Industrial Revolution thanks to its advanced scientific and technological capabilities, as well as the revival of its manufacturing industry. To advance economic cooperation between Russia and Korea, Korea has to invest in Russia’s global energy supply chain and participate in the formation of a global value chain in a certain industry by combining Russian advanced science and technology with Korean product development planning and global marketing capabilities. Specifically, The Far East, Arctic Development, and Triangle (or Quadrangle) Cooperation among ROK-DPRK-Russia (-China) will provide significant opportunities to Korean companies.
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Smirnova, Olga, and Inna Mitrofanova. "Balance of Strategic Planning in Russia: on the Systemic Approach to Documents, Programs and Projects." Regionalnaya ekonomika. Yug Rossii, no. 3 (October 2019): 14–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/re.volsu.2019.3.2.
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Today, some elements and blocks of the strategic planning system, which is being formed, have been developed and are functioning. However, these elements still cannot respond to the system and balance requirements which are written into the Federal Law no. 172 «On Strategic Planning in the Russian Federation» (2014). The system of strategic planning in general (as an important element of the system of government regulation) which is being created has system lacunas and in particular they are: inconformity of the main structural blocks of basic federal documents, inconformity in the approaches to strategic planning and project management, disregard of national security issues in documents of strategic planning and some others which allow to provide fully both the balanced character of goals and targets of government development and resources for achieving them. The article substantiates that project activity has not been constructed into the process of strategic planning so far and project activity documents do not take into account systemic strategic documents. Long term goal setting in project activity in part of developing the country and providing its national security has not been developed so far. The authors emphasize the necessity of constructing a new hierarchy of strategic documents determining goal setting and tools for achieving indices of the development of the Russian Federation in sectoral and regional aspects and a transparent budgeting process directed to implementing the general goal of social and economic development of the country and providing its security. The researchers come to the conclusion that providing a balanced character and coordination of strategic planning documents in Russia is one of priority tasks. The authors emphasize that in the process of modernizing the system of strategic planning it is necessary to pay special attention not specifically to the succession of various types of documents but also to providing correlation (consistency) of the main structural blocks, forecasted and target indicators.
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Lavrik, O. L., L. A. Mandrinina, and V. V. Rykova. "Electronic union catalog of the Siberian and Far Eastern books as a historical information resource." Bibliosphere, no. 2 (June 30, 2018): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.20913/1815-3186-2018-2-63-68.
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The article gives a brief overview of research on the problems of preparing union catalogs; it shows that the creation of the national union catalogs’ system is a strategic direction for the library and information science development in Russia. The paper characterizes Database (DB) «Siberian and Far Eastern book. XVIII century - 1930: a union catalog» as an integral part of the Russian national bibliography created by the Department of Scientific Bibliography of the State Public Scientific Technological Library of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Providing information on the availability of publications in the collections of book depositories, the DB opens access to the collections of libraries and archives of Siberia and the Far East for a wide range of researchers-historians. Union catalogs of Siberian and the Far Eastern books as a part of the Russian retrospective national bibliography contribute to preserving the cultural and intellectual heritage of the country, making it accessible to modern and future users. The article demonstrates possibilities of DB using as a research tool, and a historical source. The authors present the analysis results of the DB documentary flow, some comparative results of studying book business development in Asian Russia in preand post-revolutionary periods.
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Sorokina, Tatyana. "Liquor and Opium." Inner Asia 16, no. 1 (August 19, 2014): 139–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22105018-12340007.
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This paper explores legal and illegal forms of trade along the China–Russia border in the Russian Far East in the early twentieth century as a case-study for understanding the relation between the state, regional economies and consumption desires.1 Mass consumption of illegally trafficked liquor and opium by frontier populations put China and Russia border officials into a difficult situation: Chinese authorities blamed the Russians for making opium-poppy planting possible on the Russian side; Russian officials in turn accused the Chinese authorities of provoking mass alcoholism and opium addiction among Russian settlers, which was viewed as a serious threat to Russia’s colonising project in the Far East. The article then shifts attention to the legal aspects of the ‘Liquor and Opium’ conflict resolution, not only on the local level but also involving central authorities. It also discusses the socio-economic context of such illegal forms of frontier economy and the symbiotic activity of border smugglers. Historical ethnography suggests that, despite the various prohibitions and official resolutions imposed, the authorities of both sides were aware of the fact that liquor and opium, which were objects of mass desire for Russians and Chinese respectively, had already made local border economies totally dependent on these products and interdependent on one another. Thus, paradoxically, strict adherence to the mutual official agreements would undermine local frontier economies.
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Khramova, Marina N., and Dmitry P. Zorin. "PROBLEMS OF REALIZING THE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES OF THE RUSSIAN FAR EAST IN THE CONTEXT OF HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT." Scientific Review. Series 1. Economics and Law, no. 4 (2020): 44–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.26653/2076-4650-2020-4-04.
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In the current geopolitical conditions and fierce competition in world markets from such dy-namically developing countries of the Asia-Pacific region as China, Vietnam, Thailand, Singapore and a number of others, the preservation and increase of human capital in the regions of the Far Eastern Federal District is of a strategic nature. To ensure the national security and integrity of the country, to strengthen Russia's position in the Asia-Pacific area, the role of the Far East regions comes to the fore. However, the pronounced processes of depopulation of the population of the Far East regions and the stable migration outflow of the working-age population to other regions of Russia and abroad call into question the implementation of many tasks for the sustainable socio-economic development of this macro-region. The regions of the Far Eastern Federal District are already experiencing a shortage of qualified personnel in several industries. This deficit, in the absence of a governmental long-term strategy in the field of human capital formation, will not allow Russia to compete with the fast-growing economies of Asia-Pacific countries in the future. In this article, we analyze the opportunities and potential risks of human capital development through the prism of demographic processes occurring in the regions of the Russian Far East. Based on modern data on fertility, mortality, age-sex structure of the population, trends in interregional and international migration we conclude that for the growth of human capital and sustainable economic growth, the necessary conditions are: the development of transport and social infrastructure of the macro-region, the development of programs of labor mobility of the popu-lation, attracting young people through the educational migration channel, attracting international migrants from the CIS countries as well as from Asia-Pacific countries with a level of education and qualifications corresponding to the economic specialization of the regions of the Far Eastern Federal District.
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BUGAI, N. F. "PUBLIC-POLITICAL SITUATION IN THE FAR EAST: CHINESE IN THE SOVIET CONSTRUCTION. 1920-1940th YEARS." Historical and social-educational ideas 10, no. 3/1 (July 16, 2018): 13–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17748/2075-9908-2018-10-3/1-13-29.
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In the 1990's – 2018 years. In the relations between the two states, radical changes took place in various spheres of management, culture and relations at the individual level of the population of Russia and China. To a greater extent, these were positive links, having common goals, complementing and enriching each other. These contacts were formed historically between the Chinese and the peoples in Russia - the USSR, since 1917, they have moved to a new level. The Chinese acted in the ranks of those who supported the councils, and those of the Chinese who lived on the territory of the Soviet country became also true participants in the ongoing socio-political processes, changes, as well as changes in the culture of peoples, the Soviet, party and national-state construction. Of course, as in this case, there were both difficult periods in relations, sometimes turning into an acute confrontational confrontation, rather, at the interstate level, and light, which was more closely connected with the relations of the Chinese, Russian and other peoples of China and Russia. The Chinese, especially the border provinces, settled for permanent settlement in Russia, and participated in the events that took place during the transformation. Therefore, in order to study these processes, a deeper understanding of their significance for the modern Russian- Chinese world, it is important to know the history of different aspects of life, the processes of formation of friendly relations between neighboring states. Very valuable will be the appeal to the experience of the past, which could be both a positive and negative practice that took place during the development of relations between the Chinese and the local population of the Far East. What can be useful to get and use from this experience, which could help bring peoples closer together, improve their situation, create acceptable living conditions, and provide a basis for the security of states.
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Podberezkin, A. I., and J. Y. Parshkova. "The Threat from European Missile Defence System to Russian National Security." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 1(34) (February 28, 2014): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2014-1-34-54-63.
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The article analyses the political and military aspects of progress in the dialogue between Russia and the U.S./NATO on cooperation in missile defense; investigates the past experiences and current state of cooperation between Russia and the Alliance on missile defense issues; examines the technical features of American missile defence systems today; finds a solution to question whether or not the European Missile Defence Program actually threatens Russia's nuclear deterrent and strategic stability in general; identifies both potential benefits and possible losses for Russia stemming from the development of cooperation with the United States and NATO in countering ballistic missile threats, or from refusal to have such cooperation. Evidently, the initiative of creation of a missile defense in Europe surely belongs to the USA. Washington has enormous technological, financial, economic, military and institutional capabilities in the field of a missile defense, exceeding by far other NATO member-states. In February 2010, the President of the United States B. Obama adopted a project "European Phased Adaptive Approach" (EPAA) as an alternative to G. Bush's global strategic missile defense plan. The first two stages of the Phased Adaptive Approach are focused on creating a system capable of intercepting small, medium and intermediate-range ballistic missiles. The possibility of intercepting long-range missiles is postponed to the third (2018) and forth phases (2020). Moscow finds especially troublesome the third and the fourth phases of Washington's project of creating a European segment of the global antiballistic missile system, considering prospective capabilities of the U.S. interceptor missiles 61 and the envisioned areas of their deployment. The U.S. counter-evidence is that phase four interceptors do not exist yet. Russia insists on getting the political and legal guarantees from the U.S. and NATO that their missile defense systems will not slash the efficiency of Russian nuclear deterrence forces.
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Shibasaki, Ryuichi, Hirofumi Arai, and Kentaro Nishimura. "Impacts of Eurasian Transport Connectivity enhancement on Russia." E3S Web of Conferences 135 (2019): 02001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913502001.
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As China has promoted the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) since 2014 and some CIS countries including Russia established Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) in 2015, the trans-Eurasian land transport has gained attentions. Under this background, this paper examines two questions. The first question is how significantly the recent strategic policies such as BRI and EAEU could shift container cargo from maritime shipping and land transport. The other is how much the shift could affect Russian Far East. To answer these questions, the authors estimated their impacts on cargo volume using the intermodal network simulation model. The simulation results indicate that the cargo volume shifted would be about 10 percent of the total container flows between Asia and Europe, under our assumptions. Although the land transport has potential to increase cargo volume several times as the current level, the maritime shipping will be still a dominant mode in the intercontinental cargo transport. In addition, the simulation revealed possible negative impacts on Primorye region of Russia, while the shift will advance.
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Tabarev, Andrey V., Irina S. Zhushchikhovskaya, and Darya A. Ivanova. "On the Term ‘Jōmon’ and the Contribution of Russian Scholars to Jōmon Studies." Documenta Praehistorica 47 (December 3, 2020): 560–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/dp.47.32.
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The article is devoted to the introduction of the term ‘Jōmon’ into Russian archaeological literature, its understanding, and the contribution of Russian scholars to Jōmon studies starting from the late 20th century. The recognition of the term and its use had some peculiarities which were caused not only by the language barrier and political events in the far eastern region, but mostly by the specifics of the archaeological investigations in the Russian Far East and the priority of research focused first on the Ainu origin, and then on the Palaeolithic rather on the nature of the Neolithic. The rise of the interest in Jōmon grew in the late 1960s and early 1970s with the discoveries of initial pottery with Final Pleistocene dates in Japan and Russia (Lower and Middle Amur Region). During the 1980s and 1990s this trend was realized in a series of publications, international conferences, and the first joint Russian-Japanese archaeological projects. The current stage is illustrated by the institualization of several research centres of Jōmon studies in Russia (Novosibirsk, Vladivostok), by a high level of international cooperation, and by a wide range of research topics, including chronological, technological, ritual and other aspects of the Jōmon period.
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Kazantsev, Dmity A., and Dmitry A. Kachusov. "Regional identity in the minds of young people in Siberia and the Far East." Socialʹnye i gumanitarnye znania 7, no. 2 (June 11, 2021): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.18255/2412-6519-2021-2-134-145.
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Currently, in both Russia and the world, the globalization is extending. The worldwide information field is in the process of formation, and many developed communities are going through blurring. At the same time, the new reasons for people to unite into the groups are arriving, and new communities tend to appear. The dynamic development of such term as identity had created numerous approaches and ways to define it, based on social, cultural and psychological peculiarities. The situation is common, in which the individuals that exist in the same social environment own many different identities, forming their bonds according to their needs. The problem of identity in Russia in particular is nevertheless acute, remaining open to discussion. The regions of the Russian Federation are more diverse due to the natural and territorial differences, as much as historical and social ones. Thus, Siberia and Far East are much more different than the European part of Russia in terms of social, ethnical and cultural aspects, therefore, the self-presentation of people also tends to differ. The goal of this research is to find the dominating identity among the student youth of Siberian and Far Eastern Federal Districts, to estimate the correlations in different types of identity, to shape the whole picture of self-identification among school and university students. The mass sociological study provides the objective and precise data on value-based cultural orientation inside the community under study, and to collect massive data for further analysis. The results of this research are to help and define the local specifics regarding social-political self-identification.
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Batmanova, V., A. Zhukov, I. Mitrofanova, and I. Mitrofanova. "Russian and US Experience of Territorial Megaprojects." World Economy and International Relations, no. 2 (2015): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2015-2-23-33.
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Phenomenon of the megaprojects as an instrument for the development of territories has not been studied thoroughly by the national economic science. There is lack of integrated, comparative analysis of the creation and the realization of territorial megaprojects in Russia and other countries. Authors of the article have set the goal to fill in this gap. A large scale investment project can obtain the status of the megaproject if it is characterized by a complicated character, high costs, systematic character and relevance of the realized targets. In the modern Russia the reconstruction of the historic territorial megaprojects and the realization of new ones as a relevant tool of the strategic territorial management is becoming the manifestation of contemporary institutional, organizational and informational transformations of the economic space of the global economic system. In contrast to financial investments, megaprojects are oriented on a real material result, having a considerable prolonged impact on the economic space. The authors regard infrastructural megaprojects construction of Transsib and BAM. The reasons of their achievements and failures are studies. The sustainable development of the regions of the Far East and Zabaikalye, the solution of important federal and regional tasks in the use of the resource, industrial and transit potential of the East of the country is connected mainly with the realization of the integrated infrastructural project of BAM’s and Transsib’s reconstruction. The article reveals the plans of the Government of the Russian Federation concerning the modernization of these megaprojects that will increase the capacity of BAM and Transsib by the year 2020 up to 75 million tons a year. The life cycle of the modern megaproject "Ural Industiral – Ural Polar" is revealed. The project was directed at the formation of a new economic skeleton in the Ural Federal District and creation of the prerequisites for the development of its problematic regions. Authors come to conclusion that this megaproject actually failed. It downgraded from a strategically important one into a conglomerate of local investment projects that are not interconnected by a single basic conception. Inevitably, this undermined its complex integration effect. The Olympic project “Sochi 2014” highlights the problem of post-project utilization of objects of territorial megaprojects. Only a few of them can immediately serve as drivers of regional economic complex. Others mostly generate losses. A set of policies and special measures of the regional authorities is needed to turn them profitable. The article also touches upon the American experience of megaprojects of the territorial development (Tennessee Valley Authority, Appalachian Regional Commission). Authors insist that analysis of the American experience can help the modernization of the strategic territorial management in Russia.
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Akaev, Askar A., Yuri A. Golubitskiy, and Ivan V. Starikov. "The Project of Crating a New World Logisticsю Part I. History and Economics of the Project." Economic Strategies 144, no. 4 (August 20, 2021): 36–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.33917/es-4.178.2021.36-47.
Full textAbstract:
The article presents one of the most promising and ambitious in socio-economic, political, humanitarian aspects of the Russian scientists’ project: “United Eurasia: Trans-Eurasian Belt of RAZVITIE — Integrated Eurasian Transport System (United Eurasia: TEBR-IETS)”. The main purpose of the project is to ensure the connectivity of the territories of the Russian Federation and their active development, first of all, the deep integrated development of Siberia, the Far East and the Arctic. The role of the project in the partnership of the progressive world community is great; the radically modernized Trans-Siberian Railway — the backbone of the project — is designed to connect the Far East, including Japan, with Western Europe and the USA in the future. This fact will make it possible to carry out on the territory of the Russian Federation and the countries included in the project, the systemic coordination of all types of transport, including river and nautical, to create a single world logistics complex of advanced technical and managerial development. The creation of the IETS will consolidate Russian geopolitical position as a transport bridge between the world economic and civilizational regions. It will create conditions for mutually beneficial cooperation with Austria, Germany, France, Czech Republic, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Singapore, India; will open up new opportunities for cooperation with North Korea, Canada and USA in the future. It will arouse interest from the PRC in the integration of a similar Chinese project, the "Silk Road" with the Russian Megaproject. The implementation of the Megaproject will allow Russia to offer the world a new effective version of a non-confrontational way of solving international problems, become a geo-economic and geopolitical integrator on the Euro-Asian continent, lay the foundations for the solidarity development of all civilizational centers around Russia as a civilization state, make it senseless and impossible to impose sanctions on Russia, and raise to a qualitatively new level of authority and the role of the Russian Federation in the modern world.
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Toloraya, G. D. "Russia and the Issues of the Korean Peninsula." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 4(37) (August 28, 2014): 82–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2014-4-37-82-91.
Full textAbstract:
The importance of Korean Peninsula in Russian foreign strategy is based on the need to preserve peace and stability in the Russia's Far East "soft underbelly" and to be a part of international efforts to solve the Korean problem, as well as to promote regional economic cooperation. In 1990-s Russia's position on the peninsula weakened, mainly because of the rupture of ties with North Korea, while relations with South Korea were reactive in nature. Rebalancing relations with the two Koreas in 2000-s increased Russia's involvement into Korean settlement, including the 6- party format. Russia/s relations with North Korea are now based on good neighborhood principle, however, they are far from idyllic as Russia disapproves of Pyongyang's behavior, especially its nuclear and missile activities. However to influence the situation more Russia should deepen its ties with the current Pyongyang leadership regardless of how irritating its behavior might be. Relations with the ROK are aimed at becoming strategic, but in reality are limited due to ROK's alliance with the USA. However South Korea has become the third most important economic partner in Asia. Russia is especially interested in three- party projects, such as Trans-Korean railroad (linked to Transsiberan transit way), gas pipeline and electricity grid. However implementation of these project is negatively influenced by the tensions in Korean peninsula. It can be solved only by multilateral efforts for comprehensive solution combining security guarantees for North Korea and its abandonment of nuclear option.
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Luzyanin, S. G. "Bound by One Belt." Outlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law 9, no. 6 (July 24, 2018): 41–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.23932/2542-0240-2016-9-6-41-59.
Full textAbstract:
The article contains an information about the alignment of the Silk Road Economic Belt with the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and Russian integration projects the main of which is the Eurasian Economic Union. Complex Chinese initiative has many different aspects and dimensions relating to trade, investment, transport infrastructural, cultural and humanitarian issues. The author considers the problem of alignment in many aspects including the current state of Russian academic expertise and the possible ways of using the project in order to improve socioeconomic situation in the Russian territories in the Central Asia, Siberia and the Far East. The author stresses the security concerns, which seemed to be underestimated by China on the early stages of the program implementation. In this context, the author pays special attention to the threats of international terrorism, the rais ing instability in the states-participants, transnational crime and drug market. The author concludes that the project will not bring positive consequences unless Chinese authorities will closely cooperate with Russia and the regional organizations it associated with. As a result, it is possible to reach a partner cooperation between the states (although different in their economic potential), under which China will benefit effective using of its resources and overcome the current economic isolation of the Сentral Asian states. From the other hand, Russia will get a chance to improve the situation of economic inequality between its internal regions. Russian military and political power may guarantee successful assimilation of Chinese financial investments.
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Krysachenko, Valentyn. "RUSSIAN GENOCIDE POLITICS: OBJECTS, INTERESTS, STRATEGY." Politology bulletin, no. 83 (2019): 26–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2415-881x.2018.83.26-39.
Full textAbstract:
The article deals with the analysis of Russia’s politics towards other nations, which can be classified as genocide politics. A consistent and purposeful strategy is being followed to capture the territorial, resource and cultural heritage of Veliky Novgorod and Ukraine. In both cases, actions, which were brought to the autochthonous population, was classified as genocide by UN documents. These actions were occurred more than once and were carried out against the Slovenes in the XV-XVII centuries, and against the Ukrainians — in the XVI-XXI. The purpose of Russia is to enhance its geopolitical and civilizational status, by means of violence and appropriation, by objects — of any ethnic group, which hinder its imperial ambitions. The scientific search was conducted by the methods of historical reconstruction, political analysis and demographic approaches. The historical reconstruction avoids the one-sided, distorted interpretation of the events of the past, and uses all existing completeness of actual material to restore the true course of events. The methods of political analysis relate, first of all, to the definition of the role and importance of administrative decisions in determining the strategic priorities of state development. Demographic approaches allow us to see the historical dynamics of changes in the quantity of a particular ethnic group, including the possibility of detecting negative fluctuating factors in this process. It has been demonstrated that the ethno-cultural community, known as the «Russian people», fulfil the criteria that Lev Gumilev proposed to define as «bizarre ethnicities» that parasitize on someone else’s resource — both human and natural. That is why the fate of the conquered land and its inhabitants-autochthonous interests them only from the consumer point of view. The negative consequences for the subjugated side are obvious: humanity is doomed to extinction or either depreciation, and the natural environment to systematic degradation and irreversible changes. It is easy to be convinced by remembering the unhappy history — not life, but animal life — hundreds of people in Russia, their disapperance and extinction, and the acquisition — by those, who survive — humiliating status of «small» nations of Siberia, the Far East and the North. However, the invader himself is defeated in the strategic perspective, because constant parasitism discourage any stimulus for his own socio-economic evolution. It is summarized that the strategic priority in Moscow’s politics towards the true creators and heirs of the heritage of ancient Russia was and will always be the practice of genocide — the systematic and consistent destruction of Slovenes and Ukrainians. These actions were performed to capture the territorial, resource and cultural achievements of these nations with their complete destruction or degradation (of surviving remains), elimination of their identities. These actions are completely fall under the description of the genocide definiton in UN documents as actions which are intended to destroy a particular ethnic group. The current hybrid war, implemented by the Russian Federation against Ukraine, is a manifestation and continuation of its centuries-old strategy against Ukrainian nation in order to deprive them of their physical and civilizational existence.
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Krysachenko, Valentyn. "RUSSIAN GENOCIDE POLITICS: OBJECTS, INTERESTS, STRATEGY." Politology bulletin, no. 83 (2019): 26–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2415-881x.2019.83.26-39.
Full textAbstract:
The article deals with the analysis of Russia’s politics towards other nations, which can be classified as genocide politics. A consistent and purposeful strategy is being followed to capture the territorial, resource and cultural heritage of Veliky Novgorod and Ukraine. In both cases, actions, which were brought to the autochthonous population, was classified as genocide by UN documents. These actions were occurred more than once and were carried out against the Slovenes in the XV-XVII centuries, and against the Ukrainians — in the XVI-XXI. The purpose of Russia is to enhance its geopolitical and civilizational status, by means of violence and appropriation, by objects — of any ethnic group, which hinder its imperial ambitions. The scientific search was conducted by the methods of historical reconstruction, political analysis and demographic approaches. The historical reconstruction avoids the one-sided, distorted interpretation of the events of the past, and uses all existing completeness of actual material to restore the true course of events. The methods of political analysis relate, first of all, to the definition of the role and importance of administrative decisions in determining the strategic priorities of state development. Demographic approaches allow us to see the historical dynamics of changes in the quantity of a particular ethnic group, including the possibility of detecting negative fluctuating factors in this process. It has been demonstrated that the ethno-cultural community, known as the «Russian people», fulfil the criteria that Lev Gumilev proposed to define as «bizarre ethnicities» that parasitize on someone else’s resource — both human and natural. That is why the fate of the conquered land and its inhabitants-autochthonous interests them only from the consumer point of view. The negative consequences for the subjugated side are obvious: humanity is doomed to extinction or either depreciation, and the natural environment to systematic degradation and irreversible changes. It is easy to be convinced by remembering the unhappy history — not life, but animal life — hundreds of people in Russia, their disapperance and extinction, and the acquisition — by those, who survive — humiliating status of «small» nations of Siberia, the Far East and the North. However, the invader himself is defeated in the strategic perspective, because constant parasitism discourage any stimulus for his own socio-economic evolution. It is summarized that the strategic priority in Moscow’s politics towards the true creators and heirs of the heritage of ancient Russia was and will always be the practice of genocide — the systematic and consistent destruction of Slovenes and Ukrainians. These actions were performed to capture the territorial, resource and cultural achievements of these nations with their complete destruction or degradation (of surviving remains), elimination of their identities. These actions are completely fall under the description of the genocide definiton in UN documents as actions which are intended to destroy a particular ethnic group. The current hybrid war, implemented by the Russian Federation against Ukraine, is a manifestation and continuation of its centuries-old strategy against Ukrainian nation in order to deprive them of their physical and civilizational existence.
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Alshevskaya, O. N. "New practices of literature distribution for children and youth in Siberia and the Far East." Bibliosphere, no. 4 (February 18, 2021): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.20913/1815-3186-2020-4-61-69.
Full textAbstract:
The article describes the directions of distribution of books for children in the Eastern regions of Russia that have appeared in the last decade. Based on a combination of landscape-reconstructing principles, surveys, and comparative typological analysis, the article presents data that expand previously studied aspects of the functioning of the main channels for the sale of books for children in the Siberian-Far Eastern region. It is shown that books for children are the largest segment of the Russian book market, which has been growing since 2008. At the regional level, they are widely presented in all book distribution channels: bookselling networks and independent stores; online stores; book departments of supermarkets (non-core retail); kiosks and stalls; book fairs. The purpose of the article is to analyze the current trends in the distribution of books for children in the region. Positive trends typical for the children book market in the Siberian-far Eastern region are identified. They are: the activity of children book supermarkets, the appearance of independent small stores of club-backstage format, the organization of specialized children Internet projects; increasing the importance of regional book exhibitions, fairs, festivals and holidays in the distribution of books for children; projects support by major Russian patrons. The significance of the study of new practices for the distribution of literature for children and youth in the region is determined by their influence on the formation of a new conceptual model for the popularization of reading, based on the idea of culture as a powerful lever of socio-economic development of territories.
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Druzyaka, Andrey. "The System of Regulation of External Migration in the Far East of the Russian Federation (1991–2020)." DEMIS. Demographic Research 1, no. 3 (September 19, 2021): 114–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/demis.2021.1.3.10.
Full textAbstract:
The article considers the system of regulation of external migration in the Russian Far East, which consists of bodies ensuring the entry and exit of Russian citizens and foreigners to the territory of Russia, the regime of their stay, registration, labor activity and naturalization. The periodization of the stages of the Russian migration policy in specific conditions determined by the political and economic conjuncture is given. The purpose of the article is to analyze the historical conditions, as well as the characteristic features of the creation, functional formation and organizational transformation of the bodies of the system of state regulation of migration control in the period 1991–2020. The problems of their functioning and the results of the implementation of migration policy in the Russian Far East are considered. This article will briefly present the main aspects of the formation of the system of state regulation of immigration in the 1990s, as well as the associated difficulties that manifested themselves in the implementation of the state migration policy during the period under study. Based on the analysis of the activities of a number of federal and regional social, administrative and law enforcement agencies, the experience of state regulation of external migration in the period 1990–2020 is considered, the analysis of the implementation of the functions of the migration authorities system and the results of their impact on individual external migration flows is given. The opening of borders and the massive influx of migrants from Asian countries in the Far East in the 1990s coincided with the period of reforming the system of state control over migration, which was subjected to organizational changes, received a number of new functions and tasks. In the Russian Far East, the process of reforming this system was complicated by regional difficulties associated with the development of relations between federal and regional authorities with entrepreneurship and local self-government. The weakness and insufficient coordination of the activities of migration control bodies, their lack of common and understandable goals, the transfer of the competence of naturalization and registration of migrants into the hands of law enforcement agencies, the loss of social orientation in working with migrants have largely caused failures in social policy towards migrants, the formation of closed criminal communities in their environment, which are the basis for the formation of extremist practices and xenophobic attitudes in the host Russian society on the territory of Russia. As a result of the analysis of the results of the activities of the migration authorities system, general conclusions are made about the effectiveness of its work in the Far East, the successes achieved. At the same time, the article offers a number of proposals on improving work with foreign workers and immigrants, aimed at compensating for the loss of population and labor resources in the region. The results of the study can be used to improve the migration control system, to develop the foundations of migration policy in the region. The issues raised in it can become the basis for a more in-depth study of the processes related to the activities of state, municipal and public bodies involved in the regulation of migration, in order to attract, settle and adapt migrants necessary for the Far East.
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Malle, Silvana. "Russia and China in the 21st century. Moving towards cooperative behaviour." Journal of Eurasian Studies 8, no. 2 (July 2017): 136–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.euras.2017.02.003.
Full textAbstract:
Political and economic rapprochement is taking place between Russia and China in a number of fields: energy, arms production, trade in national currencies and strategic projects in transport and supporting infrastructure. This development, fostered by Western policies and actions, including sanctions related to Ukraine, appears to be strengthening despite reservations related to uneasy precedents, contrasting visions and uncertain economic projections. Chinese policies aiming at European markets via the revival of the Silk Road assist this development. The One Belt-One Road is projected as an alternative, or supplement, to the maritime routes made unsafe by contiguous countries’ unrest, criminality and the assertive control of the seas by the United States. While Russia, promoting friendly investment structures, moves eastwards to develop the Russian Far East bordering China, the latter expands westwards engaging in laborious negotiations with Central Asian countries and costly investments in infrastructure and logistics. In each area, the article maintains that both countries, despite economic and political competition and fear of losing control, have interest in cooperation and discusses the areas where this is taking place, albeit slowly and with difficulty. Whether economic cooperation can develop into a strategic alliance including defence is discussed in the light of joint military exercises, arms trade and plans to broaden the scope of the Collective Security Treaty Organisation, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (of which India and Pakistan have recently become members), and the Common ASEAN Community. This path is difficult and marred by members’ conflicting interests. But some positive outcomes should not be ruled out.
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Mandrinina, L. A., and V. V. Rykova. "THE INFORMATION BASE OF SIBERIAN AND THE FAR EASTERN LIBRARIES’ LOCAL HISTORY ACTIVITY." Proceedings of SPSTL SB RAS, no. 4 (January 24, 2021): 82–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.20913/2618-7575-2020-4-82-91.
Full textAbstract:
The article provides a brief overview of library local lore activity with an emphasis on the local lore direction in book studies and bibliography of the Siberian- Far Eastern region; names organizations providing information support for local lore activities of libraries; lists local lore resources on the websites of regional libraries in Siberia and the Far East. Special attention is paid to the resources generated by the State Public Scientific Technological Library of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, which is the center for information support of local history research in Asian Russia, and obtains unique techniques to create regional databases, as well as highly qualified specialists. It presents a list of databases providing information support of theoretical and practical aspects of local history activity in the regional libraries. Authors give a detailed description of DB “Scientific Sibirika”, which includes regional material on a wide range of local history: history, ethnography, economy, nature and natural resources of certain territories of Siberia and the Far East, Arctic. It is shown that theoretical and methodological research in the field of library local history, individual persons, are presented in the “professional” DB “Librarianship and bibliography in Siberia and the Far East”, which has a special heading “Local lore activities of libraries in Siberia and the Far East”; the bibliologic direction of local lore is implemented in the bibliographic DB “History of books and book business in Siberia and the Far East”. The paper concludes about the importance of library local history in the library activities, and the need to attract information resources of large libraries for more complete implementation of local history research.
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Yakimova, Svetlana I. "Vsevolod Ivanov’s Portrait Essay of the 1920s – Early 1930s in the Context of the Events of the Era." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, no. 464 (2021): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/15617793/464/6.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this article is to determine the features of the genre and the moral-philosophical perspective of Vsevolod Ivanov’s portrait essays of the 1920s – early 1930s published in Vladivostok non-Bolshevik newspapers (Russkiy krai, Russkaya armiya, Vechernyaya gazeta), in Harbin émigré periodicals (newspapers Svet, Gun-Bao, the magazine Rubezh). To achieve this aim, using a semantic-cognitive approach, the author of the article studied archival materials of periodicals of the Russian Far East and Far Eastern emigration and introduced into academic discourse new unexplored factual material contributing to filling gaps in the history of Russian literature and journalism of the 20th century. Ivanov’s portrait essays are analyzed in the context of the sociopolitical and cultural life of the Far Eastern Republic (FER) that existed in the Russian Far East and the large-scale emigration of Russians to China. The author considers the dynamics of Ivanov’s portrait essay genre development. It acquires elements of the memorial and obituary essay, the genre of the literary portrait as a reflection of the progress of the national historical-literary process in the mother country and in the diaspora caused by the spiritual-moral confrontation of the political forces of Russia, the ideological split in the national culture of Russia due to the events of October 1917. The author of the article relies on historically significant material: the memorial essay with the conceptual title “Justified Avvakum” actualizes the problem of a reasonable and balanced attitude to changes, the correlation of evolutionary and revolutionary principles in the development of society. Ivanov raises the question of personal, moral, and civil responsibility for the fate of his country in the essay “The Blood of the Tsar”, which recreates the tragic events of the execution of the family of the Russian Tsar Nicholas II by Bolsheviks. In the analysis of obituary portrait essays about the tragic losses of Russian literature of the Silver Age (“Conversant with Secret (In Memory of A. Blok)”, “In Petrograd the Bolsheviks shot the poet Nikolay Gumilev”), the author of the article concludes about the originality of the creative potential of Ivanov, who, using elements of the genre of the literary portrait, demonstrates the synthesis of scientific, literary, and journalistic writing. The portrait essays of Ivanov’s prominent contemporaries, figures of politics and culture (“Admiral Kolchak”, “Semenovshchina “, “Prof. D.V. Boldyrev”, “Vasiliy Fedorovich Ivanov”) complement the complex picture of the sociocultural context of the era with relevant axiological aspects identified in the essays. The author of the article considers Ivanov’s reference to the iconic figures of the turning epochs in the fate of Russia as a peculiarity of his journalistic position in relation to history as a criterion of truth and moral value of a person.
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Nordqvist, Kerkko, and Volker Heyd. "The Forgotten Child of the Wider Corded Ware Family: Russian Fatyanovo Culture in Context." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 86 (November 12, 2020): 65–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ppr.2020.9.
Full textAbstract:
The Fatyanovo Culture, together with its eastern twin, the Balanovo Culture, forms part of the pan-European Corded Ware Complex. Within that complex, it represents its eastern expansion to the catchment of the Upper and Middle Volga River in the European part of Russia. Its immediate roots are to be found in the southern Baltic States, Belarus, and northern Ukraine (the Baltic and Middle-Dnepr Corded Ware Cultures), from where moving people spread the culture further east along the river valleys of the forested flatlands. By doing so, they introduced animal husbandry to these regions. Fatyanovo Culture is predominately recognised through its material culture imbedded in its mortuary practices. Most aspects of every-day life remain unknown. The lack of an adequate absolute chronological framework has thus far prevented the verification of its internal cultural dynamics while overall interaction proposed also on typo-stratigraphical grounds suggests a contemporaneity with other representations of the Corded Ware Complex in Europe. Fatyanovo Culture is formed by the reverse movement to the (north-)east of the Corded Ware Complex, itself established in the aftermath of the westbound spread of Yamnaya populations from the steppes. It thus represents an important link between west and east, pastoralists and last hunter-gatherers, and the 3rd and the 2nd millennia bc. Through its descendants (including Abashevo, Sintashta, and Andronovo Cultures) it becomes a key component in the development of the wider cultural landscape of Bronze Age Eurasia.
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Fedirko, Oksana P., and Svetlana M. Dudarenok. "Social service of non-Orthodox Christian religious organizations of the Far East in the 1990 s.." Historical and social-educational ideas 12, no. 6 (December 29, 2020): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17748/2075-9908-2020-12-6-61-71.
Full textAbstract:
Incontrol. At present, the formation of a model of social partnership between the state and religious associations to help the most vulnerable segments of the Russian population is of particular importance. The study of the activities of non-Orthodox Christian organizations allows us to take into account historical experience for the development of optimal forms and methods of work not only religious, but also public associations in the social sphere. The methodology chosen by the authors for this study includes a comparative analysis that highlights the most significant problems in each of the studied aspects of the activi-ties of non-Orthodox Christian organizations in the Far East of Russia, as well as an ap-peal to qualitative (rather than quantitative) methods of study with a corresponding dynamic approach to the description of the subject. As a result of the study, forms of social assistance, groups of the population to which it was directed and the peculiarities of its organization by religious associations of the region are allocated. It has been proven that the social service of non-Orthodox Christian organizations was missionary in nature. It is emphasized that the authorities considered religious education as equal partners in solving social problems in the subjects of the Far East. There is considerable assistance from foreign missionaries in implementing social programs.