Relevant bibliographies by topics / Strategic extraction

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Strategic extraction'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Strategic extraction"

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Steinberg, Jessica. "Strategic Sovereignty." Journal of Conflict Resolution 60, no. 8 (July 11, 2016): 1503–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002714564429.

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In some regions of natural resource extraction, embedded local populations receive transfers that compensate them for environmental consequences of extraction; while in others, these populations receive no benefits and endure negative environmental externalities, which can lead to violent protest. This article develops a formal model of the strategic dynamics among a government, a natural resource extraction firm, and a local population in an extractive region to understand the variation in extractive outcomes. The model specifies the conditions under which firms will provide promised transfers to a local population, distributive conflict will occur, and how the government will respond.
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Michielsen, Thomas O. "Strategic resource extraction and substitute development." Resource and Energy Economics 36, no. 2 (May 2014): 455–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.reseneeco.2014.02.001.

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Golovina, Ekaterina. "STRATEGIC ISSUES GROUNDWATER EXTRACTION MANAGEMENT IN RUSSIA." Journal of Ecological Engineering 18, no. 3 (May 2, 2017): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.12911/22998993/70202.

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Patil, SaurabhS, PurshottamS Rakhewar, and SatishS Doiphode. "Strategic extraction: An unexampled epitome altering our profession." Journal of Dental Implants 2, no. 2 (2012): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0974-6781.102230.

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Mirman, Leonard J., and Ted To. "Strategic resource extraction, capital accumulation and overlapping generations." Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 50, no. 2 (September 2005): 378–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeem.2005.01.001.

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Hua, Xinyu. "Strategic ex ante contracts: rent extraction and opportunity costs." RAND Journal of Economics 38, no. 3 (January 3, 2008): 786–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0741-6261.2007.00112.x.

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de Freitas, Marcos Roberto, Darwin Vaz de Lima, Karina Maria Salvatore de Freitas, Guilherme Janson, and José Fernando Castanha Henriques. "Strategic maxillary second-molar extraction in Class II malocclusion." American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 136, no. 6 (December 2009): 878–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2007.08.039.

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Cowden, Scott, Jay Witherspoon, Shahzad Orakzai, and T. Krause. "Abu Dhabi's strategic tunnel enhancement programme: odour extraction system approaches." Water Science and Technology 66, no. 7 (October 1, 2012): 1454–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.356.

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The Emirate of Abu Dhabi has experienced tremendous growth since the mid-1970s resulting in significant overloading of its existing sewerage system. Master planning determined that the best long-term wastewater collection and conveyance solution was construction of a deep tunnel sewer system. Implementation of this massive project faced numerous challenges, including the goal of no odours and limited odour control facilities. To accomplish this, the consultant team examined a unique approach of a single odour control system installed at the proposed downstream tunnel pumping station. Rigorous analysis utilising computer-based models confirmed the viability of this approach. However, other approaches including multiple satellite (localised or regional) odour extraction systems were considered. To better understand entrained air forces at vortex drops, and to confirm the preferred odour extraction approach, physical modelling of drop structures and overall tunnel system was implemented. Results and findings concluded that a regional odour extraction system approach was preferred over a single (centralised) extraction approach. This paper focuses on the process of selecting the preferred odour extraction approach and preliminary capacity sizing of regional systems.
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Brodie, Patrick. "Climate extraction and supply chains of data." Media, Culture & Society 42, no. 7-8 (March 4, 2020): 1095–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0163443720904601.

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The global data center industry relies on what this article defines as ‘climate extraction’. Through this peculiar but critical infrastructure for global Internet operations, a focus on Ireland reveals the entanglements of state, corporate, and environmental actors within the extractive calculations of transnational companies. Ireland has been advertised to and by data center developers because of its ‘cool’ climate while downplaying the importance of its low corporate tax rate and the government and planning system’s favorable treatment of big tech companies. Public discourses around big tech ‘greenwash’ power and contribute to a material climate (both atmospheric and infrastructural) from which value can be extracted. This is achieved by extracting for and from data circulation through the built and ‘natural’ environment. This article articulates the ways in which the spatial development of data centers as ‘strategic infrastructure’ contributes to the ongoing naturalization of capital and state power’s entanglements with the so-called natural world through technological systems.
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Halynska, Yuliia. "Strategic view on the rental policy in the field of environmental management." Problems and Perspectives in Management 16, no. 1 (January 15, 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.16(1).2018.01.

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The article proposes to consider a “new view” on the necessary changes in the rental policy in the field of environmental management. The main stages of the rental policy have been identified and analyzed, such as transformation of socio-economic relations; role of state regulation of the rental policy. Nowadays, in a context of transformation of rental policy and socio-economic relations, state administration should form social values through the environmental use and consumption of resources and implement a saving policy on the natural resource extraction. With the help of the implementation of the collaboration mechanism, the interests of the parties to the collaborative alliance regarding the redistribution of rental income received from the natural resource extraction may be taken into account.In addition, attention was focused on the necessity of optimal distribution of rental income from the extraction of natural resources in the conditions of the collaborative alliance. The research showed that the convergence of interests in the system “state – society – fuel production enterprise” is today the priority form of cooperation in order to form the socio-environmental responsibility in the extraction and use of natural resources, to motivate behavior of the local community with the support of the scientific and expert group on the redistribution of part of the rental income on restoration and development of the territories, as well as to implement a saving policy on the use and consumption of resources in order to preserve them for future generations.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Strategic extraction"

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Atchison, Scott. "Strategic Control of Private Security by Canadian Extraction Industries." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23599.

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In the absence of Canadian legislation this thesis conducts an exploratory study of the regulations Canadian extraction companies (mining and oil and gas) have implemented to control private security in developing countries. It focuses on discerning what private security policies extraction companies have in place and whether companies have adopted voluntary regulations such as the Voluntary Principles on Security and Human Rights. For this study a survey was conducted of almost all extraction companies listed on the TSX and TSX Venture Exchange. Publically available documents, such as company websites, codes of conduct, annual reports, and corporate presentations, were analyzed to determine what regulations companies have in place. The data indicates that regulation of private security is mainly limited to Canada’s largest extraction companies and that private security is usually a small portion of a company’s overall corporate social responsibility policy. This research also reviews incidents of human rights abuses committed by private security personnel working for Canadian extraction companies over the last ten years. Incidents are drawn from media outlets, NGOs, and academic articles. These cases help illustrate the challenges Canadian companies face employing private security personnel on the ground.
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Gordon, Ross. "Criteria to Maintain Periodontally-involved Teeth versus Extract and Replace with Implants: A Delphi Study." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1502792951637218.

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Okereke, C. S. "Optimal replacement strategies for coal extraction equipment." Thesis, University of Bradford, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.373218.

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Lexow, Waldo Gideon. "Energy extraction optimisation strategies of Actinobacillus succinogenes." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/79602.

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Actinobacillus succinogenes is known to produce the acids of acetate and formate as co-products in conjunction with succinic acid. These compounds not only divert a portion of the carbon flux away from succinic acid production, but also necessitate separation techniques that further augment production costs and, as a result, render the bio-production of succinic acid unviable. To explore methods of reducing or eliminating the production of these co-products, one needs to understand the reason for their presence in the first place. This study aimed at defining the energy boundaries that describe the fermentative behaviour of the microbe. It was found that A. succinogenes displays a clear preference for routes with higher energy extraction efficiency in the early stages of its batch-operated lifespan, subsequently replacing the routes with others of lesser efficiency as fermentation progresses. This clear observation of diminishing energy extraction efficiency supports the idea of route hierarchy, i.e. routes that are more efficient at extracting energy from the available resources are favoured over those that are less efficient. Furthermore, it suggests that accumulated environmental stresses is a likely reason for the observed shift in metabolic strategies for energy extraction. This idea is further supported by the finding of co-activation between the pyruvate dehydrogenase and pyruvic acid excretion routes. Since these have vastly different energy extraction capabilities, it is postulated that the pyruvic excretory pathway is an inherent overflow response mechanism activated to limit the amount or rate of acetic acid production. This suggests a scenario in which the co-production of pyruvic acid is holistically energetically more favourable. The prevailing postulate is that the build-up of acetic acid (and formic acid), if left unchecked, might result in a runaway energy cost effect. By limiting the external pressure of passive back-diffusion, the organism is in an energetically more favourable position since less energy need be wasted on the active export of those components.
Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2020.
Chemical Engineering
MSc
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Van, Winkle Carolyn. "Forensic DNA Extraction Strategies for PCR Analysis." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1998. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278269/.

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There is a transition nationwide on the analysis of forensic evidentiary stains containing biological material from traditional serology to Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) methodologies. The increased sensitivity of PCR, the limited number of alleles at each locus, and the necessity of producing unambiguous data for entry into the FBI's Combined DNA Index System make this study of extraction procedures of utmost importance. A "single tube" extraction procedure for blood stains collected onto FTA™ paper and a modified differential nonorganic extraction method from spermatozoa containing mixed stains were analyzed and compared. The extraction success was evaluated by amplification and typing of the amplified fragment length polymorphism, D1S80. These modifications of the nonorganic method utilized gave an improved separation of the spermatozoa-containing mixed stains.
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Lam, Ping Ngai. "Testing of delay-insensitive circuits using protocol extraction strategies." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq25934.pdf.

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Morin, Chassé Rémi. "Multiple extraction strategies in markets with non-renewable resources." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28824/28824.pdf.

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Hu, Xiaopeng. "Feature selection and extraction of visual search strategies with eye tracking." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.417798.

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Birkhimer, Craig E. "Extracting Human Strategies for Use in Robotic Assembly." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1105383417.

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OLIVEIRA-MONTEIRO, NÁDIA, VANESSA LOPES-RODRIGUES, ESTELA BASTOS, and HENRIQUE GUEDES-PINTO. "Suiformes conservation: a study case of strategies for DNA utilization." INDIAN ACAD SCIENCES, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626097.

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Books on the topic "Strategic extraction"

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IBM Data Management Solutions Education Services. Extracting information for strategic decision making using MITS. United States?]: IBM Data Management Solutions, Education Services, 2001.

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Leahy, Dermot. Strategic and rent extracting tariffs in the presence of persuasive advertising. Dublin: University College Dublin, Department of Economics, 1993.

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Lazonick, William, and Jang-Sup Shin. Predatory Value Extraction. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198846772.001.0001.

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This book explains how an ideology of corporate resource allocation known as “maximizing shareholder value” (MSV), that emerged in the 1980s and came to dominate strategic thinking in business schools and corporate boardrooms, undermined the social foundations of sustainable prosperity, resulting in employment instability, income inequity, and slow productivity growth. In explaining what happened to sustainable prosperity in the United States, it focuses on the growing imbalance between value creation and value extraction that reached to the extent of “predatory value extraction.” Based on “The Theory of Innovative Enterprise,” the book analyzes the value extracting mechanism by “value-extracting insiders,” i.e. corporate executives, “value-extracting enablers,” i.e. institutional investors, and “value-extracting outsiders,” i.e. hedge-fund activists. It concludes with policy suggestions to rebuild the U.S. corporate-governance regime for combating predatory value extraction and restoring sustainable prosperity.
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Group, Research, The Crude Petroleum Extraction, and Natural Gas Extraction Research Group. The 2000-2005 World Outlook for Crude Petroleum Extraction and Natural Gas Extraction (Strategic Planning Series). 2nd ed. Icon Group International, 2000.

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Kazerouni, Afsoon Moatari. Strategic Advances in Environmental Impact Assessment: Challenges of Unconventional Shale Gas Extraction. Nova Science Publishers, Incorporated, 2019.

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Group, Research, The Oil, and Gas Extraction Research Group. The 2000-2005 World Outlook for Oil and Gas Extraction (Strategic Planning Series). 2nd ed. Icon Group International, 2000.

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Lebdioui, Amir. Are we measuring natural resource wealth correctly? A reconceptualization of natural resource value in the era of climate change. 18th ed. UNU-WIDER, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2021/952-5.

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Underlying the management of revenues from natural resource extraction is a set of assumptions about how abundant and how valuable these resources are. Nevertheless, existing approaches to measuring the value of extractive resources are seriously flawed. This paper proposes two avenues for improving them. It explains how a multidimensional approach to measuring resource wealth can be used to identify the policy challenges that a country might face as it sets out its strategy for managing extractive revenues. It also provides a rethinking of the valuation of extractive wealth by integrating environmental considerations. Extractive activities can at times incur a great loss of (renewable) opportunity income, either directly or indirectly, because of their environmental impact. By analysing a range of examples from across the globe, this paper extracts key lessons on the true value of extractives and why it matters for policy makers, civil society, and international donors today.
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Christopherson, Susan. Outside Regional Paths: Constructing an Economic Geography of Energy Transitions. Edited by Gordon L. Clark, Maryann P. Feldman, Meric S. Gertler, and Dariusz Wójcik. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198755609.013.52.

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Moving beyond theories of socio-technical adaptation, a new economic geography of energy transitions is developing that contributes to a deeper understanding of adaptation and change in energy systems. This new geography of energy transitions draws on concepts in evolutionary economic geography but moves beyond regional analysis to recognize the nation state as a critical venue for strategic action by firms. The dependence on the nation state for access to the resource; financing of exploration and production; favourable regulatory oversight; and the infrastructure to transport the commodity to profitable markets, make it the essential venue for strategic action. Drawing on the US case of shale gas and oil extraction, this chapter argues that, despite the emergence of global production networks in the oil and gas industry, national-scale governance remains central to understanding energy transitions.
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Lazonick, William. The Functions of the Stock Market and the Fallacies of Shareholder Value. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805274.003.0006.

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This chapter analyses the evolution of US stock markets in terms of five functions: ‘control’, ‘cash’, ‘creation’, ‘combination’, and ‘compensation’. I argue for the centrality of the control function in supporting innovative enterprise in the rise of US managerial capitalism. I then consider how each of the five functions can encourage value creation or, alternatively, empower value extraction, and trace the evolving roles of the five functions of the stock market in major US business corporations over the past century. Drawing upon this history, I conclude by critiquing the dominant ideology that, for the sake of superior economic performance, a company should be run to ‘maximize shareholder value’ (MSV). I indicate how MSV undermines the social conditions of innovative enterprise: strategic control, organizational integration, and financial commitment.
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Slack, Keith. Capturing Economic and Social Benefits at the Community Level. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198817369.003.0031.

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Civil society organizations have played various roles in promoting the capture of benefits from and protection against the negative impacts of extractive industries. Payment disclosure is one potentially powerful tool for such organizations to promote greater local benefit capture. Practitioners and academics have noted, however, that transparency alone does not equate to accountability. This is true in the extractive sectors, where political dynamics pose serious obstacles. The cases of Ghana and Peru provide examples of these dynamics. Strategies for overcoming them include strengthening the technical capacity of civil society organizations, providing civic education, targeting interventions better, and learning more deeply from positive examples.
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Book chapters on the topic "Strategic extraction"

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Ziegler, Cai-Nicolas, and Michal Skubacz. "Content Extraction from News Pages Using Particle Swarm Optimization." In Mining for Strategic Competitive Intelligence, 135–49. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27714-6_8.

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Taifi, Nouha, and Giuseppina Passiante. "The Strategic Partners Network’s Extraction: The XStrat.Net Project." In Organizational, Business, and Technological Aspects of the Knowledge Society, 303–11. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16324-1_32.

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Rubio, Santiago J., and Begoña Casino. "Strategic Behavior and Efficiency in the Common Property Extraction of Groundwater." In Economy & Environment, 105–22. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9984-9_6.

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Ramsey, E. D., B. Minty, and R. Babecki. "Supercritical fluid extraction strategies of liquid-based matrices." In Analytical Supercritical Fluid Extraction Techniques, 109–57. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4948-8_4.

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Lopes, Luis Seabra, and Luis M. Camarinha-Matos. "Feature Transformation Strategies for a Robot Learning Problem." In Feature Extraction, Construction and Selection, 375–91. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5725-8_23.

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Allaf, Tamara, and Karim Allaf. "Fundamentals of Process-Intensification Strategy for Green Extraction Operations." In Green Extraction of Natural Products, 145–72. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527676828.ch5.

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Telepchak, Michael J., Thomas F. August, and Glynn Chaney. "Strategies for the Use of Solid Phase Extraction." In Forensic and Clinical Applications of Solid Phase Extraction, 91–107. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-292-0_5.

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Sarov, Angel. "The Use of : Benefits to the in Bulgaria." In Future City, 309–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71819-0_17.

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AbstractThis chapter’s target is to accentuate on the benefits for the social-economic development, resulting from the wastewater governance. The wastewater treatment is the process of extraction of extra-resources, namely: residual biogas, used for heat and electricity; sand used in the construction; sludge and purified water, discharged into hydro-basins. Simultaneously, attention should be paid of the environmental challenges in relation to the circular economy. The sludge use should become a national policy with a direct governmental engagement, having in view that wastewater treatment plants and wastewater safety are strategic guidelines. Statistical information was used by Eurostat and the Ministry of Agriculture and Food and Forestry (MAFF)’s Agristatistics Department (2020). A brief literature review of publications on the topic is made at the outset. Thereafter, more light is placed on the regulatory framework in the EU and Bulgaria. The analysis continues with the situation so far, based on existing statistics on the quantities of sludge received and its utilization in agriculture in the European countries and in Bulgaria. Dependence and sludge effect on grain yield are determined on the basis of regression analysis.
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Feldman, Ronen, Yonatan Aumann, Michal Finkelstein-Landau, Eyal Hurvitz, Yizhar Regev, and Ariel Yaroshevich. "A Comparative Study of Information Extraction Strategies." In Computational Linguistics and Intelligent Text Processing, 349–59. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45715-1_36.

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Garcia, Marcos. "Semantic Relation Extraction. Resources, Tools and Strategies." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 141–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41552-9_15.

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Conference papers on the topic "Strategic extraction"

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Li Peng, Teng Wen-Da, Zheng Wei, and Zhang Kai-Hui. "Formalized answer extraction technology based on pattern learning." In 2010 International Forum on Strategic Technology (IFOST). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ifost.2010.5667981.

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Darian, L. A., and S. M. Korobeynikov. "Analysis of dissolved gases extraction processes in transformer oil for chromatography." In 2007 International Forum on Strategic Technology. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ifost.2007.4798577.

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Das, Dipankar, M. Moshiul Hoque, Jannatul Ferdousi Ara, Mirza A. F. M. Rashidul Hasan, Yoshinori Kobayashi, and Yoshinori Kuno. "Automatic face parts extraction and facial expression recognition." In 2014 9th International Forum on Strategic Technology (IFOST). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ifost.2014.6991087.

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Hasan, Mirza A. F. M. Rashidul, Rubaiyat Yasmin, Dipankar Das, and M. S. Rahman. "Correlation based pitch extraction method in speech signal." In 2014 9th International Forum on Strategic Technology (IFOST). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ifost.2014.6991090.

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Tsuruta, Naoyuki, Saleh H. Aly, Sakashi Maeda, Shin-ya Takahashi, and Tsuyoshi Morimoto. "Self-organizing Map vs. Spectral Clustering on Visual Feature Extraction for Human Interface." In 2006 International Forum on Strategic Technology. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ifost.2006.312245.

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Li, Dongjie, Wanzhe Xiao, and Jinyu Wang. "Monitoring image-based obstacle information extraction for telerobot system." In 2011 6th International Forum on Strategic Technology (IFOST). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ifost.2011.6021130.

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Hanqing Zhao and Guoqiang Xu. "The research on surface electromyography signal effective feature extraction." In 2011 6th International Forum on Strategic Technology (IFOST). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ifost.2011.6021234.

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Kieu Huu Thu, Joongbae Pyoun, Sangjin Cho, and Uipil Chong. "Parameter extraction for sound synthesis of the Dan Tranh." In 2008 Third International Forum on Strategic Technologies (IFOST). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ifost.2008.4602953.

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Wang, Jiuguang, Philip Rogers, Lonnie Parker, Douglas Brooks, and Mike Stilman. "Robot Jenga: Autonomous and strategic block extraction." In 2009 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS 2009). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iros.2009.5354303.

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Arbuzov, A. Yu, V. A. Avgustinovich, S. N. Artemenko, V. L. Kaminsky, and S. A. Novikov. "Synchronous energy extraction from oversized cavities designed with smooth transitions." In 2012 7th International Forum on Strategic Technology (IFOST). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ifost.2012.6357773.

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Reports on the topic "Strategic extraction"

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Hawkins, Timothy G., Michael E. Knipper, and Timothy S. Reed. Outcome-Focused Market Intelligence: Extracting Better Value and Effectiveness from Strategic Sourcing. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada584801.

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Skone, Timothy J., Joe Marriott, James Littlefield, and Greg Cooney. Improved Natural Gas Extraction as a Strategy for Reducing Climate Impacts of Transportation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1515262.

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Okwen, Roland, Scott Frailey, and Seyed Dastgheib. Brine Extraction and Treatment Strategies to Enhance Pressure Management and Control of CO2 Plumes in Deep Geologic Formations. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1363792.

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Halai, Tina, Roberto Sacco, Valeria Mercadante, Josiah Eyeson, and Stefano Fedele. Risk reduction strategies for patients at risk of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws undergoing dental extractions: a systematic review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.6.0064.

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Herman, C. DWPF Flowsheet Studies with Simulants to Determine Modular Caustic Side Solvent Extraction Unit Solvent Partitioning and Verify Actinide Removal Process Incorporation Strategy. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/890213.

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Lumpkin, Shamsie, Isaac Parrish, Austin Terrell, and Dwayne Accardo. Pain Control: Opioid vs. Nonopioid Analgesia During the Immediate Postoperative Period. University of Tennessee Health Science Center, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21007/con.dnp.2021.0008.

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Background Opioid analgesia has become the mainstay for acute pain management in the postoperative setting. However, the use of opioid medications comes with significant risks and side effects. Due to increasing numbers of prescriptions to those with chronic pain, opioid medications have become more expensive while becoming less effective due to the buildup of patient tolerance. The idea of opioid-free analgesic techniques has rarely been breached in many hospitals. Emerging research has shown that opioid-sparing approaches have resulted in lower reported pain scores across the board, as well as significant cost reductions to hospitals and insurance agencies. In addition to providing adequate pain relief, the predicted cost burden of an opioid-free or opioid-sparing approach is significantly less than traditional methods. Methods The following groups were considered in our inclusion criteria: those who speak the English language, all races and ethnicities, male or female, home medications, those who are at least 18 years of age and able to provide written informed consent, those undergoing inpatient or same-day surgical procedures. In addition, our scoping review includes the following exclusion criteria: those who are non-English speaking, those who are less than 18 years of age, those who are not undergoing surgical procedures while admitted, those who are unable to provide numeric pain score due to clinical status, those who are unable to provide written informed consent, and those who decline participation in the study. Data was extracted by one reviewer and verified by the remaining two group members. Extraction was divided as equally as possible among the 11 listed references. Discrepancies in data extraction were discussed between the article reviewer, project editor, and group leader. Results We identified nine primary sources addressing the use of ketamine as an alternative to opioid analgesia and post-operative pain control. Our findings indicate a positive correlation between perioperative ketamine administration and postoperative pain control. While this information provides insight on opioid-free analgesia, it also revealed the limited amount of research conducted in this area of practice. The strategies for several of the clinical trials limited ketamine administration to a small niche of patients. The included studies provided evidence for lower pain scores, reductions in opioid consumption, and better patient outcomes. Implications for Nursing Practice Based on the results of the studies’ randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses, the effects of ketamine are shown as an adequate analgesic alternative to opioids postoperatively. The cited resources showed that ketamine can be used as a sole agent, or combined effectively with reduced doses of opioids for multimodal therapy. There were noted limitations in some of the research articles. Not all of the cited studies were able to include definitive evidence of proper blinding techniques or randomization methods. Small sample sizes and the inclusion of specific patient populations identified within several of the studies can skew data in one direction or another; therefore, significant clinical results cannot be generalized to patient populations across the board.
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van den Boogaard, Vanessa, Wilson Prichard, Rachel Beach, and Fariya Mohiuddin. Strengthening Tax-Accountability Links: Fiscal Transparency and Taxpayer Engagement in Ghana and Sierra Leone. Institute of Development Studies, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2020.002.

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There is increasingly strong evidence that taxation can contribute to expanded government responsiveness and accountability. However, such positive connections are not guaranteed. Rather, they are shaped by the political and economic context and specific policies adopted by governments and civil society actors. Without an environment that enables tax bargaining, there is a risk that taxation will amount to little more than forceful extraction. We consider how such enabling environments may be fostered through two mixed methods case studies of tax transparency and taxpayer engagement in Sierra Leone and Ghana. We highlight two key sets of findings. First, tax transparency is only meaningful if it is accessible and easily understood by taxpayers and relates to their everyday experiences and priorities. In particular, we find that taxpayers do not just want basic information about tax obligations or aggregate revenue collected, but information about how much revenue should have been collected and how revenues were spent. At the same time, taxpayers do not want information to be shared with them through a one-way form of communication, but rather want to have spaces for dialogue and interaction with tax and government officials, including through public meetings and radio call-in programmes. Second, strategies to encourage taxpayer engagement are more likely to be effective where forums for engagement are perceived by taxpayers to be safe, secure, and sincere means through which to engage with government officials. This has been most successful where governments have visibly demonstrated responsiveness to citizen concerns, even on a small scale, while partnering with civil society to foster trust, dialogue and expanded knowledge. These findings have significant implications for how governments design taxpayer education and engagement programmes and how civil society actors and development partners can support more equitable and accountable tax systems. Our findings provide concrete lessons for how governments can ensure that information shared with taxpayers is meaningful and accessible. Moreover, we show that civil society actors can play important roles as translators of tax information, enablers of public forums and dialogues around tax issues, and trainers of taxpayers, supporting greater tax literacy and sustained citizen engagement.
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Stall, Nathan M., Kevin A. Brown, Antonina Maltsev, Aaron Jones, Andrew P. Costa, Vanessa Allen, Adalsteinn D. Brown, et al. COVID-19 and Ontario’s Long-Term Care Homes. Ontario COVID-19 Science Advisory Table, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47326/ocsat.2021.02.07.1.0.

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Key Message Ontario long-term care (LTC) home residents have experienced disproportionately high morbidity and mortality, both from COVID-19 and from the conditions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. There are several measures that could be effective in preventing COVID-19 outbreaks, hospitalizations, and deaths in Ontario’s LTC homes, if implemented. First, temporary staffing could be minimized by improving staff working conditions. Second, homes could be further decrowded by a continued disallowance of three- and four-resident rooms and additional temporary housing for the most crowded homes. Third, the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in staff could be minimized by approaches that reduce the risk of transmission in communities with a high burden of COVID-19. Summary Background The Province of Ontario has 626 licensed LTC homes and 77,257 long-stay beds; 58% of homes are privately owned, 24% are non-profit/charitable, 16% are municipal. LTC homes were strongly affected during Ontario’s first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. Questions What do we know about the first and second waves of COVID-19 in Ontario LTC homes? Which risk factors are associated with COVID-19 outbreaks in Ontario LTC homes and the extent and death rates associated with outbreaks? What has been the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the general health and wellbeing of LTC residents? How has the existing Ontario evidence on COVID-19 in LTC settings been used to support public health interventions and policy changes in these settings? What are the further measures that could be effective in preventing COVID-19 outbreaks, hospitalizations, and deaths in Ontario’s LTC homes? Findings As of January 14, 2021, a total of 3,211 Ontario LTC home residents have died of COVID-19, totaling 60.7% of all 5,289 COVID-19 deaths in Ontario to date. There have now been more cumulative LTC home outbreaks during the second wave as compared with the first wave. The infection and death rates among LTC residents have been lower during the second wave, as compared with the first wave, and a greater number of LTC outbreaks have involved only staff infections. The growth rate of SARS-CoV-2 infections among LTC residents was slower during the first two months of the second wave in September and October 2020, as compared with the first wave. However, the growth rate after the two-month mark is comparatively faster during the second wave. The majority of second wave infections and deaths in LTC homes have occurred between December 1, 2020, and January 14, 2021 (most recent date of data extraction prior to publication). This highlights the recent intensification of the COVID-19 pandemic in LTC homes that has mirrored the recent increase in community transmission of SARS-CoV-2 across Ontario. Evidence from Ontario demonstrates that the risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks and subsequent deaths in LTC are distinct from the risk factors for outbreaks and deaths in the community (Figure 1). The most important risk factors for whether a LTC home will experience an outbreak is the daily incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infections in the communities surrounding the home and the occurrence of staff infections. The most important risk factors for the magnitude of an outbreak and the number of resulting resident deaths are older design, chain ownership, and crowding. Figure 1. Anatomy of Outbreaks and Spread of COVID-19 in LTC Homes and Among Residents Figure from Peter Hamilton, personal communication. Many Ontario LTC home residents have experienced severe and potentially irreversible physical, cognitive, psychological, and functional declines as a result of precautionary public health interventions imposed on homes, such as limiting access to general visitors and essential caregivers, resident absences, and group activities. There has also been an increase in the prescribing of psychoactive drugs to Ontario LTC residents. The accumulating evidence on COVID-19 in Ontario’s LTC homes has been leveraged in several ways to support public health interventions and policy during the pandemic. Ontario evidence showed that SARS-CoV-2 infections among LTC staff was associated with subsequent COVID-19 deaths among LTC residents, which motivated a public order to restrict LTC staff from working in more than one LTC home in the first wave. Emerging Ontario evidence on risk factors for LTC home outbreaks and deaths has been incorporated into provincial pandemic surveillance tools. Public health directives now attempt to limit crowding in LTC homes by restricting occupancy to two residents per room. The LTC visitor policy was also revised to designate a maximum of two essential caregivers who can visit residents without time limits, including when a home is experiencing an outbreak. Several further measures could be effective in preventing COVID-19 outbreaks, hospitalizations, and deaths in Ontario’s LTC homes. First, temporary staffing could be minimized by improving staff working conditions. Second, the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in staff could be minimized by measures that reduce the risk of transmission in communities with a high burden of COVID-19. Third, LTC homes could be further decrowded by a continued disallowance of three- and four-resident rooms and additional temporary housing for the most crowded homes. Other important issues include improved prevention and detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection in LTC staff, enhanced infection prevention and control (IPAC) capacity within the LTC homes, a more balanced and nuanced approach to public health measures and IPAC strategies in LTC homes, strategies to promote vaccine acceptance amongst residents and staff, and further improving data collection on LTC homes, residents, staff, visitors and essential caregivers for the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic. Interpretation Comparisons of the first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in the LTC setting reveal improvement in some but not all epidemiological indicators. Despite this, the second wave is now intensifying within LTC homes and without action we will likely experience a substantial additional loss of life before the widespread administration and time-dependent maximal effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines. The predictors of outbreaks, the spread of infection, and deaths in Ontario’s LTC homes are well documented and have remained unchanged between the first and the second wave. Some of the evidence on COVID-19 in Ontario’s LTC homes has been effectively leveraged to support public health interventions and policies. Several further measures, if implemented, have the potential to prevent additional LTC home COVID-19 outbreaks and deaths.
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Strategies for fundamental and exploratory R&D in natural gas extraction. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10180943.

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