Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Stratégie – 19e siècle'
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Verneuil, Christophe. "La Belgique entre la France et l'Allemagne de 1830 à 1914 : diplomatie et stratégie." Paris 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA040131.
Full textThis doctoral thesis of contemporary history deals with the evolution of the relations between three European states from 1830 to 1914: Belgium, France and Prussia then German empire. How Belgium, independent from his revolution of 1830 and European treaties of 1839, fits into the European accord between the great powers during the 19th century? Belgium, from the independence, indeed during the Dutch government of the kingdom of Netherlands, is under attention of the five European great powers: the Belgian state is a master piece of European balance. Buffer-state between France and Prussia then Germany after 1871, Belgium is too the area of their political, strategic, economic and cultural rivalry: both of them search to attract Belgium to self and warp the neutrality in his favor. Many crisis draw European accord's and Belgian’s attention between 1830 and 1914: the orient's crisis of 1840, which is the first occasion for the Belgian to define their foreign policy based on a strict neutrality, the French attempts of customs union of 1842, the revolutions of 1848, the ambitions of the second empire, the war of 1870, and the tension between France and Germany from 1871 to 1914. The Belgian themselves trust international treaties of 19th April 1839 and fairness of great powers, and worry only during some European crisis, especially before the first world war
Iancu, Andrea. "Le rêve de perpétuité : transmission du patrimoine entre stratégie successorale et pratique dévotionnelle (Valachie, fin du XVIIIe-début du XIXe siècle)." Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0042.
Full textThe topic of this PhD thesis is the passing of family assets as conceived in the late eighteeth early nineteenth century III Valachla, focusing on the judiciary space created by the patrimony transfer between the rules and the inheritance practices, on its symbolic and spiritual dimension, and last but not !cast, on its impact on deforming a particular notion of property. Taking as a. Starting point the triptych earth -blood -soul, we tried to identify the relationship between the individual wishes expressed by will and the idea of belonging to "earth" and to a family community. We focused on the local boyards, given the relatively coherent vision the documents offer on their ability to adapt to crisis situations and to mobilize networks of solidarity. The expression “Should my son take my place for my eternal memory" becomes the key of the paradigm founded by the unequal inheritance. It is the idea of "put in the name of" that leaded us toward the juridical fiction and toward all that this idea may generate once established in the juridical area
Roux, Philippe. "Les "archives Mortillet" à l'université de Sarrebruck : parcours et stratégie scientifique de Gabriel et Adrien de Mortillet." Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010506.
Full textCharret-Del, Bove Marion. "La stratégie du flou dans les romans à sensation de Mary Elizabeth Braddon." Lyon 3, 2007. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2007_out_charret-del_bove_m.pdf.
Full textThe sensation novels written by Mary Elizabeth Braddon (1835-1915) in the early 1860s were troublesome for literary critics and readers alike. The present study seeks to reveal how in five of M. E. Braddon's novels, Lady Audley's Secret, Aurora Floyd, John Marchmont's Legacy, Eleanor's Victory and The Doctor's Wife, the author pursued a veritable strategy of narrative blurring through an astute use of vagueness, secrecy, mystery, uncertainty and ambiguity. The setting in which the novels' plots unravel - strange dwellings where temporal and spatial perceptions are drastically skewed - mirror the psychological situation of their characters, who face profound identity crises, hiding their real selves behind a veil of lies and pretence. Yet, far from losing the reader in a labyrinth of incongruities, the recurrent use of uncertainty constitutes the very dynamic of the sensation narrative, toying hermeneutically with its readers, as is best illustrated in the serial form of the novel. It is also a genre, which blurred the frontiers between literary categories, often triggering extreme reactions from Victorian literary critics who were utterly shocked by a popular form of fiction that appealed so strongly to the reader's physical sensations. The ultimate goal of the sensation novel was to move toward a fragile and uncertain clarity, through a slow and chaotic process of revelation. Paradoxically, the blurring strategy of Braddon's novels ultimately served to shed light on the anxieties of an era labouring under the burden of doubt and uncertainty concerning the issues of marriage, sexuality and personal identity
Gernez, André. "De "Le rouge et le noir" à "Rojo y negro" : répétition, stratégie narrative, adaptation et diathèse dans les traductions espagnoles du roman de Stendhal." Grenoble 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003GRE39033.
Full textKoulberg, André. "Les identités collectives : concept et stratégie (France-Allemagne) 1880-1945." Aix-Marseille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX10047.
Full textSwieciochowski, Slawomir. "Fortifications napoléoniennes des villes portuaires : leurs stratégie, trace, architecture et conséquences urbaines à Gdansk et en Europe." Paris 8, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA081699.
Full textFurgiuele, Gianpaolo. "La malédiction littéraire et les auteurs maudits au XXe siècle : stratégie éditoriale et usage d'un mythe en régime médiatique." Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100120.
Full textThis thesis seeks to examine the persistence and the evolution of Literary damnation into the French literary scene of XIXth and XXth centuries. Using an multidisciplinary approach, French literature, comparative literature and sociology, I will show how this myth remains active and prolific. Far from the perspective of a sacred vision of literature finally I will show how the image of the accursed authors is always inserted in a true editorial strategy. My work shows how a phenomen on which belongs to the literary life was able to exceed this domain to influence other disciplines, like the music, the movies or the comics
Colson, Bruno. "Le général Rogniat : premier ingénieur de la Grande Armée et critique militaire." Paris, EPHE, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EPHE4078.
Full textGeneral Joseph Rogniat (1776-1840) was chief engineer of the Grande Armée in 1813. In 1816, he wrote a book on the art of war, in which he praised but also critized Napoleon. On the island of Saint-Helena, the emperor read the book, denigrated it and dictated harsh commentaries which were published in 1823. Rogniat was shocked and wrote a angry response. This contradictory exchange of ideas was quite unique. Its analysis and the reactions it produced lead to a re-evaluation of french military thought at the beginning of the 19th century. General Rogniat's brilliant career also provides a better insight into the role of the french engineer corps during the napoleonic wars. Rogniat was the son of a notary who was a member of the legislative assemby and personified the new bourgeois elite. General Rogniat served the Bourbon restauration and became a pear of France in 1831. Most of the archival sources used in this work come from the french military archives in Vincennes, the national archives in Paris and private papers
Kiuchi, Mariko. "La Grande Messe des morts de Hector Berlioz (1837) : son langage musical et sa stratégie rhétorique." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL040.
Full textHector Berlioz’s Grande Messe des morts has been particularly recognized by its variety of styles and the rapid change of expressive atmospheres. His innovative style arouses public’s emotion by cultivating a great number of unexpected effects that the music press in time of its first performance emphasized. How can be characterized various musical styles which connect with one another in this Requiem? How does the composer behave to attract the audience and to arouse their emotion? How did the audience feel composer’s strategy which was deployed in this work? This thesis aims to make clear the function of various musical materials in his composition, a communication mechanism established between composer and audience, and his conception of the “sacred” music. A study of rhetoric in his Requiem is founded on four successive analyses, inspired by Jean Molino and Jean-Jacques Nattiez’s musical communication theory and Jean-Pierre Bartoli’s rhetoric analysis: 1. study of the creative process of the composition (analysis of the external poïétique); 2. study of the music criticism of press articles (analysis of the external esthésique); 3. study of the principal of the music’s development and its formal narrativity (analysis of the inductive poïétique); 4. study of the tactics on audience’s expectation handled by the composer (analysis of the inductive poïétique). This study concluded that Berlioz succeeded in managing the dramatic intensity and the religiousness through a certain art of discourse, which maintains the work’s unity with a variety of atmospheres, musical topics and styles
Vuaroqueaux, Georges-André. "Edition populaire et stratégies éditoriales en France de 1830 à 1875." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006VERS016S.
Full textThis research focuses on the world of publishing and book in France in the XIXth century. It starts with a simple question : how could books publishers, designers and producers answer the increasing readers number during the century ? Our work tries to describe the relationships which link publishers and the growing number of readers, and how, from 1830 to 1875, publishers have adopted commercial strategies and proposed new media to an increasing readership. From the book collecting volume to 20 cents deliveries, this research tells the professional career of various publishers who allowed to offer in a personal way a greater number of works to a greater amount of readers. It finally sets straight various publishers's behaviours and gives rise to new kinds of modern publishing
Moreau, Isabelle. "Les stratégies d'écriture des libertins au XVIIème siècle." Saint-Etienne, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005STET2097.
Full textSeventeenth century libertinism does not constitute a single harmonious philosophy, nor does it reduce to mere anti-christianism. Libertine thought is obviously in conflict with christian doctrine, but should not be reduced to this conflict alone : libertinism possesses its own logic and coherence, which it is important to grasp in order to understand authorial strategies. The analysis of the libertine protocol of reading and writing — their complex style, their rhetorical use of quotations, their irony — seems to us the best approach. Gabriel Naudé, François de la Mothe le Vayer, Cyrano de Bergerac and Charles Sorel read a very select library of books which they appropriate before beginning to write their own. To understand what is at stake in this protocol, it is important to determine the philosophical, rhetorical and stylistic coherence of libertine discourse. In the fields of religion, history and natural philosophy, the libertines tackle the question of knowledge from a very critical standpoint. Two domains — historiography and the reading of travelers’ accounts of their journeys — seem especially significant. Our authors elaborate an image of man and the world which competes with christian representations. Man loves myths : he has an inherent tendency to abandon critical distance. The libertines believe that it is most important to analyse the psychological mechanism that gives birth to conviction and belief. Writing strategies are the philosopher’s rhetorical answer to the anthropological analysis of human beliefs
Querio, Ruth. "Les stratégies pudiques aux XVIIIe et XIXe siècles : histoire et représentations." Nice, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NICE2025.
Full textThis work is devoted to the study of modesty strategies which deal with the whole mechanisms whose purpose is to protect our human dignity. These strategies keep us from the feeling of shame which puts on alert our modesty. The attacks whose target is the modesty belong to the same field, whereas the way we have to thwart them move a great deal all along centuries. The modesty strategies form our viewpoint to read the 18th and 19th centuries. This work embodies a link not only between two centuries but also between two types of source-books (fiction and egodocument). What are the divergences and convergences between these two centuries ? What is the influence of literature master pattern relevant to human behaviour ? We endeavour to set a perspective between the representation imposed by the society and their eventual applications. In the public field, the modesty strategies turn into politeness and civility to allow the individu to live peacefully in society. In the intimate field, the 18th century will build up the modesty strategies from the libertine figure in order to settle a received sexuality in the society. The aestheticism will be its form of sublimation. The 19th century leans on the two faces of the woman to lead to the « double standard » conceit : on the one hand the romanticism set between love and grief as a « modesty voucher », and the other hand the prostitution with the use of « fugitive figure »
Kapor, Vladimir. "Stratégies de l'écriture exotique vers 1850." Lille 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LIL30004.
Full textHugon, Anne. "L'implantation du méthodisme en Côte de l'Or au XIXème siècle : stratégies d'évangélisation et modalités de diffusion (1835-1874)." Paris 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA010651.
Full textIn this dissertation the planting of methodism in 19th century gold coast (actual southern Ghana) is taken as a casestudy of the planting of christianity in africa. The focus has been put on a british wesleyan mission but with a special interest in the dynamics of conversion and their consequences upon african societies - and not so much in the methodist church as an institution. Interactions of missionary strategies on the one hand and african strategies on the other hand have been particularly emphasised. This thesis is a work in social history in so far as its main aim was to distinguish and analyse the reactions of different social groups towards the introduction of a new form of religion
Collange, Lise. "Stratégies matrimoniales et enjeux économiques à Venise à la fin du XVe et au début du XVIe siècle." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996CLF20102.
Full textThe study of late xv th and early xvi st century venetian matrimonial strategies and economic stakes is made difficult by the fact that sources are scattered and varried. In order to fully grasp the diversity and the typical characteristics of the leading group, we deem it more appropriate to study this category from the angle of a more easily identifiable corporation, that of sea-traders. This option leads to a better understanding of certain relational mechanisms which, contrary to the former situation, brings to light the intention of concentrating financial and political powers on order to remain in the first rank. The venetian nobilary group distinguishes itself by its disparity : the poor and the rich, the young and the old,, ancient or more recent noblility, men and women of different prerogatives yet living in the same society. In spite ot the apparent solidarity of the group, which is the traditional image spread for decades, rivalries, tensions and strong rancour exist which are made more visible during critical periods in the life of the republic. The prosopographic study of galley owners and galley investors and the giving prominence to objective links among them - i. E. Wedding - lead to the conclusion that the merchants, who are also noble galley owners, set a matrimonial strategy up with the intention of building up and stregthening their relationships with the most influencial families, both in the economic and political circles. They are motivated by the need to preserve the interests of the group
Dirou, Michèle. "Stratégies matrimoniales et descendance en Basse-Bretagne : Roscoff et sa région de 1650 à 1850." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010547.
Full textMyoupo, Magalie. "La Sainteté en filigrane : stratégies d'appropriation laïque du modèle hagiographique dans la prose du XIXe siècle." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC296.
Full textThis research project takes the form of an investigation about a recurrent collective imagination throughout the 19th century: the idea of secular sainthood. In fact, numerous texts both historiographical accounts and novels, bring to the surface a character they endow with an exemplarity which is particularly developed and not exempt from a reinvented transcendence. If a being aspires to an end that surpasses its self, be it the pursuit of a political ideal (“the Republic”), “art,” or “science,” then that being can achieve a sainthood that deifies them. Secularized sainthood, which brings together two irreconcilable notions, arises at first glance from two different phenomena. On the one hand, it emerges from the resurgence of a Catholicism with strong ties to the French Restauration. In the realm of humanities, this resurgence brings forth the return to favor of Christianity as a subject, with Chateaubriand’s Génie du christianisme, published in 1802, spectacularly paving the way. On the other hand, this secularization process develops out of a reaction against the Catholic Church – and the Society of Jesus specifically – which takes places in the 1840s. From social romanticism to naturalism, from Michelet, Sands, Sue, and Lamartine through the Goncourt, Cladel and Zola, when novelists and historians reach for a hagiographic model, they no longer conjure it up to celebrate the Ancien Régime and its values. Under a well-known form, the Romantics want to spread a new and controversial education based upon emancipation rather than imitation. The Naturalists see in hagiographical narrative sequences and patterns – in particular martyrdom and asceticism – a way to describe the economic and social condition of the people. In a disenchanted century, the modern “resymbolisation” of hagiographical narrative sequences and patterns question the persistent needs for a religious imagination to build community – or, conversely, to describe unbridgeable class differences
Forclaz, Bertrand. "Les Borghèse et leurs fiefs aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles : gestion économique, stratégies sociales et enjeux politiques." Paris, EHESS, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EHES0066.
Full textI study here the exercise of feudal power belonging to the papal nobility and the relationship between the lords, their officers in the fiefs, the local elites and the central magistratures of the papal state. The first part is focused on the constitution of the patrimony, the feudal rights the Borghese disposed upon and the management of the fiefs. In the second part, I show the the extent of the juridictional powers of the Borghese -which denies the thesis of an efficient administrative centralization in the papal state- as well as the strategies of the feudal officers and the recourse of the vassals to the feudal jurisdiction. In the third part, I analyse the changing relationships between the lords and the other institutions, the conflicts and alliances between officers and the local factions and the transformations of this situation in the 18th century, when the control of the papal magistratures over the fiefs becomes more efficient
Widemann, Thierry. "L'antiquité dans la guerre au siècle des Lumières : représentation de la guerre et référence antique dans la France du XVIIIe siècle." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0075.
Full textThe omnipresence of' Antiquity in XVIIIth century Europe naturally led the men of the Enlightenment to draw references in that familiar mindset in order to think about war and power. After the peace of Utrecht the thinking on war focused on maintaining the European balance of power. Regarding power and relations between States, the Ancient reference was then mainly called upon as a counter-model. Still, at a time when most battles were indecisive, Antiquity gained the model status when it was used to help restore battlefield maneuverability, and even more when the military theoretical debate shifted into the political field, prior to war proper. Ancient Republics suddenly became inevitable references and at the end of the century, Antiquity was mainly called upon by the men of the Enlightenment in order to provide a meeting ground between political and military powers. The figure of the citizen-soldier then rose, based on the figure of the virtuous legionary of the Early Roman Republic
Thibault, Gaëlle. "Stratégies de l'image dans les cycles religieux XVème-XVIème siècles : Etude de quelques scènes liminaires." Tours, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOUR2013.
Full textLamelet-Mac, Grath Nadine. "La langue irlandaise dans les écoles primaires en Irlande de 1831 à 1936 : stratégies politiques et pédagogiques." Rennes 2, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00268223/fr/.
Full textThe object of this thesis is to study the place and the changes which the teaching of Irish in the “national schools” knew from 1831, the date when they were established, to 1936, when the first survey of the educational strategies of the governments of the Free State was made. Our objective is to determine in what laws and school programs were the reflection of political, social and identical representations of two systems of administration in Ireland: the British administration then the national administration. The national schools, created with the aim of promoting harmony in a multiconfessional educational system and often considered as having been, for the British authorities, the cultural and linguistic tool of assimilation of the Irish young people, granted no place to the language for more than forty years, ignoring the Irish-speaking population. The educational policies were not however questioned by the parents favourable to the “useful” language but were at the initiative of the language defence organizations such as the Society of Conservation of the Irish language and the Gaelic League. The fight for the revival of the language having been intrinsically bound to the fight for the independence, constituted the ideological basis of the Free State policies, the logic underlying the reforms, being that schools were responsible for the decline of the Irish in the XIXth century and consequently they would be the means to revitalize the vernacular language. This system which was based on nationalist requirements to the detriment of the children instruction was going to be exposed to the criticism
Guillaume, Valentin. "L'autre exil : trajectoires migratoires et stratégies d'insertion de la Grande Emigration polonaise de 1831 dans I'Ouest de la France." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0062.
Full textThe forgotten refugees of the Great Emigration have followed the same way as their illustrious exile companions when they fled to France after the 1830 insurrection defeat against the Russian Empire. However, in that host country, they did not find the same place and the same echo as Adam Mickiewicz or Frederic Chopin. They did not play the same role, did not inhabit the same places, and, although they were in majority, they still have not dealt with this prestigious polish exile story. Far from Paris, the "second polish capital city" in the 19th century, those forgotten refugees did not get to know France (especially the west of France, according to that study) as a land of polical struggle, but rather as a land of life and survival, where they experienced integration or poverty. That study endeavours to analyse the forgotten paths taken by these refugees, who lived a change from fights in Poland to daily economic worries in France, from hope for a glorious and collective return, to the personal construction of their life and future in France. Welcomed with enthusiasm by French people in 1831, confronted with the first French legislation regarding the refugees in 1832, pushed by French governments to integrate themselves economically, these Polish men married many French women and left a multitude of unexpected marks of their poverty or their professional success in France. The future of these refugees in French society, which is the subject of this study, does not only make the image of the Great Emigration more complex, it does not only encourage to reconsider the definition of exile, it also leads us into a reflexion on the refugee social status in France in the 19th century
Lewinski, Liliana. "Les Places marchandes d'Oruro : stratégies commerciales et rapports de pouvoir, 18e-20e siècle." Paris, EHESS, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987EHES0022.
Full textThe studying of a market place gives the advantage of getting an important number of social factors in a more or less restricted geographic zone. From there, we can observe an economic activity getting more complex every day: intensive work relations, political, syndical and personal conflicts. Because of its commercial constitution it is a society opened out on to the outside world (from which it depends on) where all the socio-professional manifestations will be the reflection of its own society. This research on oruro's market places woul try to contribute to a better comprehension of some not well-known aspects of the "trading phenomenon". The study of a market place allows to bring to the fore the specific functions of some middlemen and retailers, marketing techniques, market internal network based on friendly, professional and kinship relations which baffle any macro-economic study. A microanalysis shows some aspects getting basic at the theoritical elaboration. Questions as fondamental as formal or unformal character of these activities can be examined in a new light thanks to the work in the field. Our work has been based on oruro's market places analysis at two important times. -the 18th century constitution of a double system of sales outlet : one under state control and others under private control. -the formation at the 20th century of the official market places where the retailers work by their own
Klein, Jean-François. "Soyeux en Mer de Chine : stratégies des réseaux lyonnais en Extrême-Orient (1843-1906)." Lyon 2, 2002. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2002/klein_jf.
Full textThe Lyon silk merchants, the Soyeux, have always sought to supply their Fabrique with various types of raw silk, in order to create the rich fabrics that contributed to the prestige of their city. During the XIXth century, Lyon became the most important, world-wide producer of luxury silks, thus playing a primary role in the national. These traders, for centuries, had travelled the silk routes tot the Far East. This thesis is the history of the special ties that the Soyeux and their networks established with China and Indochina. The study starts in 1843, when France established diplomatic relations with imperial China and envisaged installing themselves in Indochina. It ends in 1906 just as regional interests dilute into the national economy and the silk industry no longer occupies a primordial place in the local industry. This study traces how, from the Monarchy of July to the Second Empire, a group of Liberals, influenced by the philosophy of Saint-Simon, had, in the context of their competition with the British, established their own silk route. A strategy that was taken up and adapted by their heirs: conservative Republicans, with political leanings towards the Centre Gauche. They associated themselves with the Moderate Republicans, the Ferryists and the Gambettists to push France to implant itself in the Tonkin and to use it as a springboard towards Yunnan and Sichuan. The Soyeux would develop a unique colonial doctrine and an active economic strategy. This breaks with the usual image of an overcautious French business community in the Asian markets and also with the idea that the Indochina conquest was the result of a series of rash decisions. During more than a half-century, in the China Sea, the Soyeux of Lyon would write one of the least known pages of economical and social history within the larger context of French diplomatic and colonial history
Depeyre, Michel. "Tactiques et stratégies navales de la France et du Royaume-Uni, de 1690 à 1815." Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA040190.
Full textFrom 1690 to 1815, france was regularly defeated at sea, while england was reinforcing her own power. Paradoxically, france' approach to naval tactics at the time was the most brilliant in europe, as expressed in the training of young officers. As to england, she moved away from such theoretical concerns and remained faithful to pratical training. How to explain the paradox ? the present thesis is based on these premises statement and tries to meet the paradox by analysing the treaties on tactics at sea in both countries. In the first part, we shall study the authors and their textbooks in a historical perspective; there will be three main periods : that of the initiators of the tactics (1690-1760), the climax (1770-1789), then the stagnation together with the discovery of new approaches to naval strategy (17891815). In the third part, we shall consider the method of the authors (in terms of pedagogy, the part of geomery and history, and so on) an we shall further develop two leading thems : the concept of tactics and the outlines of the strategic approach. The latter will be seen to develop in france in terms of abstract tactics, partly imitated in england by two authors. France, being inferior at sea, vainly tried to compensate with technological discoveries; the french also believed in tactical improvements developing a theory based on reason, also much influenced by contemporary esthetic concerns (there is for instance a similarity between court ballets and the evolutions of vessels). As for the english, they had a more c0ncrete approcah of tactics - yet with a sense of efficiency which accounts for such victories as trafalgar
Jarnoux, Philippe. "Les bourgeois et la terre : activités, fortunes, stratégies foncières à Rennes au 18e siècle." Rennes 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993REN20012.
Full textIn the 18e century, Rennes used to look like a town dominated by the parliamentary nobility where the bourgeoisie only played a minor part. An accurate study of the tax papers shows however that this bourgeoisie was numerous, varied and wealthy. It was mostly a "bourgeoisie de robe" handling legal and administrative affairs thus reflecting the authorities of the town. But trade was present too and even played an increasing part throughout the century. Merchants and traders were more and more numerous in the bourgeoisie of Rennes and their incomes were often equal to those of men of law and "officers". In the neighbouring countryside the weight of this bourgeoisie showed itself in trade and above all in property ownership. The closeness of the town brought about changes into the land and agrarian structures and contributed to determine spheres of urban influence. Property ownership spread during the century but it was also differentiated according to wealth and job circle criteria. The man of law remained the example of the bourgeois property owner whereas the trader was less concerned with property investment. The differences in bourgeois behaviour patterns in relation to the land often match differences in social status
จิตต์กล้า, กันตพงศ์. "Une stratégie élitiste d'évangélisation au Siam : de la louange du roi à la louange de Dieu." Thesis, Paris, INALCO, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019INAL0009.
Full textArrived in Siam in 1664, the Fathers of the Foreign Missions of Paris (MEP) arrived were welcomed by King Naraï. They expected the political situation in Tonkin and Cochin China to calm down to continue their journey. Hence, they stayed there in Siam and in 1681, Bishop Laneau, their leader, was named Vicar Apostolic of Siam. If the first decades were a golden age, the Revolution of 1688, marking an anti-French and anti-Christian sentiment, made the 18th century a period of destabilizsation. After the destruction of Ayutthaya by the Burmese in 1767 and the advent of the Chakri dynasty in 1782, the Mission found a stable position in the kingdom.The Fathers of the MEP learned the language of the country. Bishop Laneau and his successors studied classical Siamese literature and then specialists in the language of the court, as reflected in their works in Siamese. Yet, this mastery of the language did not allow them to evangelize the people. They worked to train indigenous priests in their seminaries. It was only at the end of the 19th century that their teachings helped to modernize the country.The works of the Fathers of the MEP proved a desire to develop Siamese vocabulary and adapted it to religious education. The royal vocabulary, classical literature, Buddhist vocabulary, Pāli and Sanskrit were used to create neologisms and developed an elitist strategy which turned towards the leaders. This policy explained the relative failure of the evangelization of the people. The Fathers of the MEP seem to have remained in the line defined by the Westphalian Treaties: Cujus regio, cujus religio
Li, Shenwen. "Stratégies missionnaires des jésuites français en Nouvelle-France et en Chine au XVIIe siècle." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0013/NQ36297.pdf.
Full textBoughanmi, Aymen. "L'impérialisme britannique de libre échange, 1846-1932. Une analyse géoéconomique." Thesis, Paris 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA030082/document.
Full textThe pinnacle of the British Empire in the middle of the XIX th century coincides with the beginning of an era of economic free-trade that progressively stood out as a crucial doctrine and as an essential factor of British power. Organized by the City, the networks of the commerce and the international finance became a geopolitical instrument for the imperial territorial expansion. The junction between the economic dimensions and the strategic considerations was the central element of the British national project, offering a link between the domestic history and the foreign history of the United-Kingdom. Borne during the Pax Britanica, this link was but partially questioned by the First World War, which, contributed, however, to create the political and economic conditions that will lead to a new project for the British nation
Maslah, Amina. "Un espace partagé : circulations et migrations entre les rives et les îles du canal de Sicile au XIXe siècle (1800-1896)." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010564.
Full textBregianni, Ekaterini. "Les banques, l'agriculture et l'État : stratégies du crédit et politique agraire en Grèce de 1861 à 1940." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010683.
Full textMarpeau, Benoît. "Parcours et stratégies d'un "lettré" au tournant du siècle : Gustave Le Bon (1841-1931)." Lyon 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO20088.
Full textThe historical comprehension of le bon's path was made impossible by the fact that his role was reduced to the writing of a single book (the crowd,1895) and to that of a "pre-fascist" ideologist who rejected the enlightenment. In order to have access to this historical comprehension, one must take into account, not only the ideological aspects, but also those concerning social sensibility as well as the complex interplay of relationships which structured his activities in the publishing world. In a preliminary period ending around 1894, his social activity in the medical profession at first, then in the field of scientific publications enabled him to escape social destitution and anonymity. During that time, he built up a scientistic explanation of the world, mostly derived from embryology. From 1894, his growing success was due to three factors. 1) his vision of social relations corresponded to the perceptions prevailing at the turn of the century; the image of man in the crowd is both a threat and a foil to individual rationality reasserted as being fundamental in accordance with the enlightenment tradition. 2) the institutionalizing of regular meeting supporting his activities. 3) the management of the bibliotheque de philosophie scientifique, a successful collection including famous authors, which was established in 1902 by flammarion. Studying the insertion of his theories into three distinct social areas is a way of confirming their interpretation and of being specific about their range. His writings slowly lost some of their validity in the academic field. This los was due to his individualistic strategy and to his rigid reading of the world, more than to ideological oppositions. The interest he aroused in the highest ranks of the military before 1914 and in influential businessmen groups between 1900 and 1930 was genuine. Their interest lay mostly in his theories on education and not at all in a highly improbable plan by the elite to manipulate the masses
Monnier, Jehanne-Emmanuelle. "Du voyageur naturaliste à l'explorateur scientifique colonial. Itinéraires et stratégies d'Alfred Grandidier (1836-1921)." Thesis, La Réunion, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LARE0015/document.
Full textOur aim is to study the evolution of scientific exploration in France during the 19th century, dealing with the history of sciences, colonial history and cultural history. Alfred Grandidier's path is characteristic of a transitionnal period in wich former scientific tradition of Enlightenment is still tangible while principles of colonial science of the 1930's are already emerging. Alfred Grandidier's scientific itinerary is also interesting in itself. Our puprose is to analyse the building process of the scientific career and the personnal undergoing of Alfred Grandidier, from his training during chilhood to his intellectual legacy. This thesis insists on material aspects and everyday life on exploration, bearing in mind involvement of the scientist in various networks including the construction of his own image
Mfene, Mba André. "Esclavage et Evangélisation des Noirs dans la Carthagène des Indes du XVIIe siècle : Stratégies et Résistances." Toulouse 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU20025.
Full textOur matter of research is essentialy based on the justification of the black's slavery throughout the speeches of philisophers, politicians and the catholic church. Carthagena of Indias in Colombia and the seventeen century make up for the spatio-temporal context on which we have focused our research divided into four parts. In the first part, we try to define the reasons which justified servitude in western and african societies in order to have an acute picture of the environment in which the slave trade accured. In the second part, we briefly recall some facts of the history of Carthagena of Indias, its part played in the slave trade as one of the most considerable trading post at Spain's disposal in the New World. In the third part which constitutes the core of our investigation, we draw up an inventory of the arguments put forward to legitimate black slavory like prejudice of colour, Cham's curse, Africa hostility towards the promotion of christian faith. . . . We analyse these arguments throughout the relationship between the catholic church and the black slaves, the Inquisition and the black slaves, and finally between the masters and the black slaves. It's this part of research whicch helps us as well to discover the various strategies of resistance adopted by the slaves against all forms of oppression. In the fourth part, at last we study the figures of Alonso de Sandoval and of Pedro Claver who were the few jesuit missionaries to be devoted to the evangelizing of Blacks and to attempt to humanize slaves practics
Leclerc, Marie-Hélène. "Les stratégies de gestion foncière des Paston, d'après leur correspondance (1425-1503)." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0011/MQ41942.pdf.
Full textCoatalen, Guillaume. "La stratégie poétique de George Herbert." Paris 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA030053.
Full textThis thesis intends to examine the various poetic means from the most to the least obvious that Herbert uses for a double purpose: for his own edification as well as to praise God. This poet created a liturgical poetry, which contributed to the foundation of the Church of England. For a church that has never developed a systematic theology, The Temple (1633) became an important work of its most glorious past. Herbert laid the foundation of a national creed by producing poetry in which every single element celebrates the relationship between the subject and God. To this end, he attempts to imitate Christ, whom he regards as the greatest poet, and to recreate a poetic Word. His new rhetoric conjures up a world related to that of the courtier in the first place, but also to the figure of the poet and Christ. At another level, his rhetoric deals with the basic problem of religious poetry of how to invoke a God who is immanent and inaccessible at the same time. His metaphors evoke the mystery of incarnation, while his simple style reflects the Saviour's humility. .
Benveniste, Henriette. "Stratégies judiciaires et rapports sociaux d'après les plaidoiries devant la Chambre criminelle du Parlement de Paris : vers 1345-vers 1454." Paris 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA010605.
Full textThe object of this study is the relations between classes or social groups, their attitudes towards the judicial machinery, as well as the problems of violence and justice as they appear through the pleadings before the criminal court of the parliament of paris in the end of the middle ages. The first part is dealing with the contemporaries, conceptions about law and their ideas of a king as a dispenser of justice or about the competence of the professionnals of law, as well as the references lawyers make to the different sources of law and their arguments on criminality. The second part concerns the relations of the parliament with the inferior courts and the personnel that serves royal justice, the problems that officers' behavior night create, the jurisdiction conflits and the contradictions of royal pardon. Pleading can also be considered as a "particular system of bringing evidence" and as a reflaxion of a cultural model; through the lawyers' rhetoric we can appreciate their arguments and the social values they illustrate, the importance and the meaning of the penalties mentioned. In the third part we examine certain crimes as they appear in the pleadings. Treason is revealing a political doctrine and pleadings on private wars demonstrate the modalities and the representations of medieval violence. Murders, theft, and plundery complete the image of this violence and allows to understand what differentiates medieval violence from every other type of violence, to show its role in the conceptual world of the pledges and its treatement by the parliament. By acts or by the expressin of an ideology the parliament participates in the process of the construction of a state
Briatte-Peters, Anne-Laure. "Citoyennes sous tutelle : le mouvement féministe « radical » dans l’Allemagne wilhelmienne : présupposés, enjeux, stratégies." Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA1066.
Full textThis doctoral thesis aims to grasp the stakes in the « radical » women’s movement in Wilhelmine Germany. To this end, it works out the theoretical presuppositions and the strategies of action of this social movement. The goal of this research is to make visible the multiple forms of political intervention of women who were involved in their century. In spite of a context little favourable to the expression of a woman’s political opinion, the « radical » feminists longed to take part in progress and to contribute to answering the questions raised by the rise of modern times. How were the genuine feminist struggles of the « radical » women’s movement in Germany linked with its political project regarding the whole German society? This question sets the framework of our investigation. The central press organ of the title Frauenbewegung. Revue für die Interessen der Frauen, published by Minna Cauer during a quarter of a century, constitutes the main item in the corpus of sources. The analysis of the forming « radical » women’s movement places this social movement in its discursive context and draws first items of a strategy derived from social, ethical and anthropological stakes. Representations of state, citizenship and autonomy of the individual are hinted at in its first struggles and take shape at the climax of the « radical » women’s movement, where its main activists were striving to assert their right to be involved in deciding in Germany’s policies. The last part of this investigation analyses and explains the decline of the « radical » women’s movement before and during the First World War and points out the ideal legacy of this movement after its disbanding in 1919
Croguennec, Michel. "L'aménagement du port de Rouen de 1800 à 1940 : contraintes, techniques et stratégies." Rouen, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ROUEL329.
Full textDeffontaine, Yann. "Européens et africains en Efutu et sur la Cote de l'Or : les acteurs du commerce atlantique et leurs stratégies durant un siècle de relations afro-européennes sur la Cote de l'Or (Ghana, 1650-1750)." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010667.
Full textThe Efutu kingdom was one of the main actors of the Atlantic trade on the gold coast during the XVIth and XVIIth centuries. It disappeared from the commercial scene at the end of the XVIIth century, to the benefit of the Oguaa state (Cape Coast) created in the middle of the XVIIIth century by secessionof Oguaa town from Efutu. This study of the Afro-European relations and of the middle men between Africans and Europeans try to provide explanations to this evolution. We emphasize the nature and the mode of the afro-european relations, and some of their consequences, particularly the mutual acculturation. The material acculturation is the most obvious one. The europeans did not control this process, as can be seen by the failure of evangelisation. On the other hand, the quick diffusion of american plants shows that the Africans only took from the Europeans what they were interested in. The weakening of Efutu and the creation of Oguaa state do not seem to be due to the Europeans, but to some internal evolutions of these African societies. They took place in the context of the growth of hinterland states and of the constitution of fante confederation. By losing control of commercial middle men, efutu lost its commercial preeminence and its political position. At the end of the XVIIth century, the great fante trader called brempong kojo, who was at the root of the creation of Oguaa state, sealed the political and commercial disqualification of Efutu
Malaprade, Sébastien. "Stratégies familiales et mobilité sociale : fortune et infortunes de la famille Jurado y moya dans la première moitié du XVIIè siècle." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0102.
Full textThis thesis examines the family trajectory of Rodrigo Jurado y Moya, a Finance Council magistrate during the reign of Philip IV of Spain, from a micro-historic perspective. Focusing on his trajectory led me to investigate the socio-political mechanisms facilitating social mobility within a supposedly immobile Ancien Régime society. Taking fewer than thirty years, the rise of the Jurado family is striking; its drop in social status being its counterpart. This instrance of rapid social mobility stresses issues related to social changes in the modem era. It helps us understand how a commoner can build a noble "house" from scratch. My analysis consists of four main parts. Complementary stratégies to social ascension. My study ties together the Jurado family's projects, the financial and commercial opportunities they gain through their service to the King, their relations with the business sector, and the building of their fortune. Legitimizing acquired positions. Rodrigo Jurado's writings and stratégies suggest his constant resort to dissimulation in order to legitimize his own ascension. His goal is to manipulate his identity to make it align with dominant nobiliaiy représentations. My thesis shows how porous the légal and financial worlds are. Understanding that lawyers and bankers share a common culture, at once theoretical and practical, is essential for understanding the "fiscal-financial" System. Finally, these three points suggest that paradigms insisting on the "mentalité rentière" or on the closing of society in times of crisis should be taken with a grain of sait. The thesis demonstrates the actors' ability to adapt to and benefit from circumstantial changes
Lambert, Olivier. "Marseille et Madagascar : histoire d'une aventure outre-mer : entrepreneurs et activités portuaires, stratégies économiques et mentalités coloniales (1840-1976)." Paris, EHESS, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999EHES0030.
Full textCénat, Jean-Philippe. "Stratégie et direction de la guerre à l'époque de Louis XIV : Jules-Louis Bolé de Chamlay, conseiller militaire du roi." Paris 1, 2006. https://eu03.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/uresolver/33UFC_INST/openurl?u.ignore_date_coverage=true&portfolio_pid=53178261550006657&Force_direct=true.
Full textFields, Martin. "Les stratégies d'exploitation de l'archipel côtier du Labrador : une étude de cas du 18e siècle au site d'Ikkeghasarsuk." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26868.
Full textThe late 18th century was a particularly dynamic era on the northern Labrador coast. The climatic phenomenon known as the Little Ice Age created highly variable ice conditions. Missionaries settling on the northern coast and the influx of European goods set off a reorganisation of Inuit social roles. Ikkeghasarsuk, known as HdCg-23 and Koliktalik-6, is mainly composed of two sod houses built before 1776 over a Dorset site. This study focuses on regional occupation strategies through a zooarchaeological analysis of faunal materials sampled from middens associated to the two houses. This indicates that the hunters based at Ikkeghasarsuk exploited open water seals in the fall and ringed seals at the sina in the winter and on landfast ice in the spring. The site, while located on a barren and windy island, would have allowed easy access to marine resources regardless of climatic conditions.
Fouquet, Catherine. "Les romans de Jorg Wickram recherches sur une écriture et ses stratégies." Paris 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA040210.
Full textCarette, Frédéric. "Souterrains et paysans : apparences et réalités d'un fait d'histoire sociale, en Artois, Picardie et Cambrésis (XVIe et XVIIe siècles)." Paris, EHESS, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EHES0100.
Full textStrating from the study of the underground passages, this piece of research aims to highlight the construction process and the use of these works, in the contexte of the rural communities. Taking into consideration the periods of conflict which seem to have brought about their creation, our study has several aims : firstly, understanding on a material level how the transition between the surface buildings and the dug out structures was organised, secondly grasping what links existed between the social organisation "above ground" which was characterised by a reference to a group with an established hierarchy and the "below ground" one which was divided into living quarters, animal housing and storage areas. Beyond all these considerations, questions are asked about the involvement of farming people and landowners for on the other hand, the construction process itself may have involved people who did not live in the same villages but had vested interests there
Rousseau, Christine. "Les enchantements de l'éloquence : contes de fées et stratégies hyperboliques au XVIIème siècle." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00926683.
Full textPimenta, Oliveira de Carvalho Daniel. "Diplomatie, information et publication. Les stratégies des ambassades de la Restauration portugaise en France (1641-1649)." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH141/document.
Full textThis thesis studies the relationships between diplomatic activities and the publication of books, journals, and pamphlets in the mid-17th century in the context of the initial development of Portuguese Restauration diplomacy in France. It is about examining in detail the goals, field of action, and initiatives of the new monarch’s representatives who intervene in the circulation of political information and in the world of books and typography workshops, giving exclusive attention to the circumstance of the first mission sent to Paris in 1641 and to some aspects of actions of the following embassies, until the return to Lisbon of the Marquis of Niza’s delegation in 1649.It will be possible, firstly, to distinguish a series of circumstances and publications prior to the arrival of the Portuguese envoys and then observe visits and contacts that they establish in France, as well as all kind of daily occupations linked to the diffusion of information, writing, and the circulation of hand-written and printed pieces. This narrower time scale will allow, in addition, investigations on the literary, rhetorical, and informational practices that were part of the editorial landscape found in France by John IV’s agents. All these studies contribute to a meticulous reading of discursive and material elements present in the publications that the embassy produced, or had hoped to incentivize, with the goal of reconstituting as much as possible the intentions of its writers and editors, or even the most immediate reflections and reactions that these publications could arouse in readers and in a substantial part of French society
Ribière, Olivier. "Ethique et réflexion militaire française dans la première moitié du XVIIe siècle : essai d'analyse rétrospective." Paris, EPHE, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EPHE4025.
Full textThis first seventeenth century shows clearly an evolution will in military affairs. Of course, by numerous aspects, high Captains of that time are in the continuity of their ancestors. Motivations of Officers have not changed. Attachment to the king, at the service of their faith, defence of their honour are still in mind. Nevertheless, minds change. The gathering for many, to the State Reason, surely presents a rupture with the previous quasi-feudal system. The tactical or operative military thought of these officers, leaders, educated and experienced, gets enriched too. They have clearly in mind, use and action forces principles and also aptitudes to get, in order to be effective. The fire power development, in particular, forces them to set free from precedent schemes. Logistic insufficiencies still lie on their action. These gentlemen, deeply attached to their nobility status, become real military professionals but feel the danger to be marginalised to the only military sphere. They have to deal, indeed, with a political interference more and more pronounced on armies and on battlefields. The State strongly centralised, which settles in the first seventeenth century in France, imposes to its Captains political and strategic dimensions on the ground of their military success