Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Stratégie multiple'
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El, Ghazi Hassan. "Stratégie d'allocation des codes d'étalement pour la technique MC-CDMA." Valenciennes, 2008. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/5e3e0afd-2c09-48f3-9bf3-1a896178ae3f.
Full textThe technique MC-CDMA (Multi-Carrier Code Division Multiple Access) that combines Multicarrier modulation and spread spectrum is a very promising for downlink of future communication systems with very high debit rate. However, over different subcarrier, each chip of spreading code is transmitted, the codes orthogonallity can not be maintained in a frequency selective channel and the MAI (Multiple Access Interface) limits the system preformance. The goal of this thesis is to study an optimisation of MC-CDMA system in a multi-path based on the development of an original code allocation strategy. It is based primarly on a study of the performance of an MC-CDMA system. After obtaining the analytical expressions of the correlation channel after equalization and MAI power, the system performance is analyzed in terms of degree of fading corralation on sub-carrier, the considered technique of equalization (MRC, EGC, MMSE) and the properties of spreading codes assigned to active users. To optimize the MC-CDMA technology, our approach consists in selecting the sets of codes "optimal" that minimizes the MAI power affecting different active users. The exhaustive search of these codes is more complex in term of computing time when the code length increases, we propose a simple and speed code allocation strategy to minimize cost function related to the MAI and obtained by the approximation of channel correlation. Finally, we present an iterative algorithm designed to have a low complexity, and to limit the number of considered ocdes sets integrating a new users easily and independent of the concerned codes family. The simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of our algorithm based on the degree of subcarriers corraltion, the rate of loading and signal to noise. Unlike to conventional optimization techniques, our solution significantly improves the performance of MC-CDMA system without introducing additional complexity at the receiver
Issury, Irwin. "Contribution au développement d'une stratégie de diagnostic global en fonction des diagnostiqueurs locaux : Application à une mission spatiale." Phd thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00643548.
Full textAlbisser, Marie. "Identification of aerodynamic coefficients from free flight data." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0083/document.
Full textThe use of aerodynamic coefficients for the characterization of the behaviour of an object in flight remains one of the oldest and most emergent research project in the field of exterior ballistic. The present study investigates the identification of the aerodynamic coefficients based on measured data, gathered during free flight tests from different measurement techniques. This project deals with topics as modelling, defining and mastering parameter identification techniques best suited to the problem of the aerodynamic coefficients determination. In the frame of this study, an identification procedure was developed for the aerodynamic coefficients determination based on free flight measurements and was tested for two application cases: a re-entry space vehicle and a fin stabilized reference projectile. This procedure requires several steps such as the description of the behaviour of the vehicle in free flight as a nonlinear state-space model representation, the polynomial descriptions of the aerodynamic coefficients as function of Mach number and incidence, the a priori and a posteriori identifiability analyses, followed by the estimation of the parameters from free flight measurements. Moreover, to increase the probability that the coefficients define the vehicle’s aerodynamics over the entire range of test conditions and to improve the accuracy of the estimated coefficients, a multiple fit strategy was considered. This approach provides a common set of aerodynamic coefficients that are determined from multiple data series simultaneously analyzed, and gives a more complete spectrum of the vehicle’s motion
Norheim-Hansen, Anne. "Sustainable development and strategic alliances : four essays on implications of firms' environmental performance for their cooperative strategies." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM1035.
Full textStrategic alliances have become as much a necessity as a choice for companies to be competitive in today's markets. However, making strategic alliances work is not evident. Failure rates between 30% and as high as 70% have been regularly reported. A substantial stream of research has examined how these numbers can be improved. Partner selection has been identified as a key success factor. In fact, partner-specific attributes, affecting which partners are selected, tend to have snowball effects beyond the formation phase to the design and postformation phases. Building on previous studies investigating the attribute of reputation, this thesis fills a gap by exploring the role reputation for environmental performance can play in determining firm-specific and joint competitive advantages in the different phases of strategic alliances. In four individual but connected Essays, specific research questions are theoretically examined under the Natural-Resource-Based View (NRBV) and Strategic Cognition Perspective. The study's hypotheses are empirically tested using data collected from CEOs and top managers in 176 Norwegian manufacturing firms
Delaville, Emeline. "Régulation émotionnelle des enfants et adolescents placés : de la maltraitance au parcours de placement : une approche au prisme des stratégies de coping et du tempérament." Thesis, Tours, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOUR2002.
Full textThis thesis deals with the emotional regulation of foster children and adolescents placed to the “Aide Sociale à l’Enfance”. We approach the subject through the prism of developmental psychopathology, related to the theory of attachment. The coping strategies and temperament are studied as emotional regulators. The issue is to study the effects of maltreatment and of the placement trajectory in order to highlight the resources and vulnerabilities of these young people. This thesis develops a quantitative approach based on two series of questionnaires carried out on maltreated youth and from a control sample. The results shed light on the risk and protective factors generated by such life and highlight the specific needs of these young people. A number of recommendations are made to invite child protection institutions to propose other means of support, with the goal of promoting tailor-made care, adapted to the characteristics of the foster children and adolescents
Huvelle, Steve. "Stratégies d'activations multiples d'espaceurs auto-immolables." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLET033/document.
Full textOriginally introduced by Katzenellenbogen in 1981 , self-immolative spacers are defined as covalent assemblies that are able to correlate cleavage of two chemical bonds. First, the protecting group is cleaved, generating an intermediary which spontaneously leads to the rupture of the bond between the spacer and the released molecule (bioactive compound for instance). Katzenellenbogen planned that self-immolative spacers could allow to overcome limitations of classic therapies (especially direct administration of drugs) and constitute a novel and efficient alternative to actual prodrug strategies. Effectively, spacers have opened many possibilities in this field, but also in other domains (like analytical chemistry, material sciences, …) which will be presented in this manuscript.We also took care to detail self-immolation mechanisms (the step leading to the release of the leaving group from the intermediary): indeed, the mechanism is the most important factor of the spacer, determining its properties (kinetic of the process, chemical links allowed). Therefore, it is crucial to determine advantages and drawbacks of each mechanism in order to permit a rational choice of the spacer depending on the application we choose.Our work consisted to complete known kinetic data, leading us to acquire an overview of existing spacers.Self-immolative spacers have been introduced to overcome limits of actual strategies, but they are not always able to answer particular problems (sensitivity and selectivity of their triggering events principally): this leads us to propose a new generation of spacers capable of resolving these problematics.Our researches permitted us to compare kinetic of cyclizing spacers and to confirm that elimination based spacers show a larger scope for potential uses.Starting from this, we developed two series of derivatives using this mechanism: - Bi-triggered anilines: releasing the leaving group after two specific stimuli (only one for reported spacers actually). We are convinced that this new class of spacers can constitute a real innovation for selective treatments. - Three-branched phenol: able to release the compound by three different ways of elimination. This property can increase drastically the sensitivity of the spacer for its activation pathway, considering triggers are three-time more numerous. Even if the compound has not been obtained, significant results in its synthesis have been observed: these results on this interesting project leading us to propose new synthetic strategies in order to obtain this ultra-sensitive compound
Albertini, Anne-Sophie. "Evolution des stratégies thérapeutiques dans le traitement du myélome multiple : étude rétrospective à l'hôpital Saint-Louis." Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05P188.
Full textLeva, Géraldine. "Neuroprotection dans des modèles animaux de la sclérose en plaques : évaluation pluridisciplinaire de la capacité du XBD173, un ligand du translocator protein, à améliorer les symptômes cliniques et les marqueurs neuropathologiques." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAJ076/document.
Full textMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease affecting the central myelin. Progress has been made for MS treatment, but effective neuroprotective drugs against MS-evoked axonal damages and severe disability are still missing. This thesis assessed the potential of XBD173, a ligand of the translocator protein controlling neurosteroidogenesis and neuroinflammation, to improve symptoms in the proteolipid protein-induced MS model (EAE-PLP mice) that mimics the relapsing-remitting form affecting 85% of MS patients. Our results show that XBD173 at low dose decreases serum levels of pro-inflammatory interleukins, prevents the repression of myelin and axonal markers, and also ameliorates clinical deficits in EAE-PLP mice. The beneficial effect of XBD173 against clinical symptoms was also observed in the EAE-MOG mice mimicking the progressive MS. Promising perspectives are open for the development of effective strategies against MS with little or no serious side effects
Yılmaz, Erhan. "Stratégies de codage pour les réseaux à base de relais." Paris, Télécom ParisTech, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ENST0047.
Full textFor future wireless communication networks one of the major concerns for service providers is to provide seamless connectivity to the end-users with quality of service (QoS) as high as possible. However, to achieve the determined QoSs for all users in the network is a challenging issue due to the time-varying characteristics of communication channels, caused by multi-path fading, path-loss and shadowing, and interference as a result of sharing the same time-frequency system resources with the other communicating terminals. Recently, base station (BS) cooperation and relay station (RS) deployment have been proposed as promising technologies to notably improve the performance of next-generation wireless systems in terms of fairness, coverage, energy/cost and spectral efficiency. In this thesis, we gravitate our attention towards the use of relay stations in different wireless communication systems such as cellular telephony, Ad-hoc and satellite networks with reliability and achievable rates being our main figures of merit. In particular, we project the insights gained from information theoretic analysis of various relaying strategies into the real world settings, and assess the effectiveness and potentials of relaying in various wireless applications
Hamidouche, Wassim. "Stratégies de transmission vidéo sur un canal MIMO réaliste." Poitiers, 2010. http://theses.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/theses/2010/Hamidouche-Wassim/2010-Hamidouche-Wassim-These.pdf.
Full textThis work focus on video transmission over mobile a hoc net-works. Several schemes have been proposed in order to improve and guarantee a high quality of service of applications integrating video transmission over ad hoc networks. The performance of these schemes is assessed by using network simulator tools such as NS-2 and GLOMOSIM. However, the physical layer usually used in network simulators does not properly model the propagation phenomenon as in a real urban environment. We have proposed a realistic physical layer which considers all specificities of mobile wireless channel. This physical layer uses a ray tracer propagation mo-del and allows assessing a SISO and MIMO wireless links following the IEEE 802. 11a and IEEE 802. 11n standards, respectively. This work clearly shows that we should consider a realistic physical layer in network simulator to assess the performance of video transmission schemes. On the other hand, we have pro-posed an original joint source-channel coding solution for a hierarchical trans-mission of scalable video coder, known as H. 264/SVC. This solution exploits a spatial diversity of a MIMO channel jointly with a hierarchy provided by the H. 264/SVC coder in order to guarantee the best quality of the received video regardless the channel conditions. The proposed solution uses a precoder designs for an optimal power allocation toward transmitted antennae in order to minimize the received video distortion
Greliche, Nicolas. "Stratégies de recherches de phénomènes d’interactions dans les maladies multifactorielles." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA11T003/document.
Full textRecently, Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) have led to the discovery of numerous genetic polymorphisms involved in complex human diseases. However, these polymorphisms contribute only a little to the overall genetic variability of these diseases, suggesting the need for new kind of investigations in order to disentangle the so-called "missing heritability". The purpose of my PhD project was to investigate how different research strategies relying on statistical and biological considerations could help in determining whether part of this missing heritability could reside in interaction phenomena between genetic polymorphisms. Firstly, we applied different statistical methodologies and looked for interactions between polymorphisms that could influence the risk of venous thrombosis (VT). Even though this study was based on two large GWAS datasets, we were not able to identify pairwise interactions that survive multiple testing. This work suggests that strong interactive phenomena between common SNPs are unlikely to contribute much to the risk of VT. Second, by adopting a hypothesis-driven approach relying on biological arguments, we sought for interactions between microRNA related polymorphisms that could alter genetic expression. Using two large GWAS datasets in which genome-wide monocyte expression was also available, we were able to demonstrate the existence of two pairwise interaction phenomena on monocyte expression involving miRNAs polymorphisms: 1/ the expression of HLA-DPB1 was modulated by a polymorphism in its 3'UTR region with a polymorphism in the hsa-mir-219-1 microRNA sequence; 2/ similarly, the expression of H1F0 was influenced by a polymorphism in its 3'UTR region interacting with a polymorphism in the microRNA hsa-mir-659. Altogether, this project supports for the role of gene x gene interactions in the interindividual variability of biological processes but their identifications remain a tedious task requiring large samples and the development of new research strategies and methodologies
Le, Henanff Maxime. "Stratégie reproductrice d'une espèce de lézard à pontes multiples (Podarcis muralis) dans un environnement contraignant." Poitiers, 2011. http://nuxeo.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/9c818478-b13a-4a8d-a2c7-36b913e4cde9.
Full textLiving organisms are exposed to environmental fluctuations (including temperature) at the daily, seasonal or annual scale. In ectotherms, environmental temperature directly affects body temperature and thus the physiology, locomotory performance, activity and ultimately the fitness of individuals. Embryonic development is a very sensitive step to thermal fluctuations and ectotherms have deployed a variety of means to buffer its effects. In annual multiple clutches species, reproduction spread over an extended period during which the seasonal thermal conditions vary widely. These fluctuations can profoundly constrain the activity of the individuals and affect developmental trajectories. Determinants of reproductive success thus involve the consideration of environmental constraints as well as ontogéniques trajectories. Indeed, in indeterminate growth species, the nature of allocation trade-offs should strongly depends on the size and age of the individuals. Ontogenetic changes in strategies for resource allocation are expected to optimize reproductive success. In this thesis, we examined the reproductive strategies in a species with multiple clutches, the wall lizard (Podarcis muralis) in a thermally challenging context (oceanic climate, Central West of France). Using an experimental approach, we demonstrated the strong impact of thermal conditions on the quality of embryonic development and the importance of phenology (laying date) on individual trajectories. Early laying dates and incubation temperatures promote high survival of juveniles. The population monitoring initiated in 2006 has highlighted the importance of age and body size of females in the allocation trade-offs. Thus older individuals cease to allocate their resources in growth and encourage the capitalization of energy. This ontogenic shift supports a higher reproductive effort and a earlier engagement in reproduction. Energy constraints induced by reproduction have also been revealed by studying the seasonal variations in levels of corticosteroids and ectoparasites. Finally the study of multipaternity emphasizes the influence of female size and laying sequence on the reproductive strategy
Ionescu, Ciprian. "Biodiversité et stratégie des organisations : construire des outils pour gérer des relations multiples et inter-temporelles." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAE010/document.
Full textEcosystems’ preservation and the economic performance of organisations are often considered to be antagonistic. Nevertheless, ecosystems and organisations are interdependent, and they can be seen as part of the same social-ecological system (SES). The goal of our research is to identify the tools that ensure that the SES environmental and economic viability constraints we provide (i.e. ecological resilience and organisations’ profitability) are observed. After highlighting the ecological weakness of conventional neoclassical regulatory tools, we measure the effectiveness of two other categories of tools that have appeared recently and are often praised. The voluntary approaches analysed generally ensure the economic viability of organisations, but their environmental goals, which are variably reached, often ignore the complexity of ecosystems. Among the environmental accounting approaches, those considered as neoclassical regulatory tools pursue objectives that are ecologically inappropriate, whereas heterodox approaches observe our ecological constraints, but entail a significant reform of accounting policies. These results prompt us to elaborate an environmental management model, set to ensure shorter term SES viability. It lies, for its ecological effectiveness, on an adaptive management approach at the territorial level. The competitive disadvantages which might arise are identified in appropriate accounts, and these situations are addressed with using suitable redistributive processes
Vu, Hai Canh. "Stratégies de regroupement pour la maintenance des systèmes à composants multiples avec structure complexe." Thesis, Troyes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TROY0008/document.
Full textIn the recent decades, with a strong development of the global economy and new technologies, the structure of industrial systems is more and more complex. It can be a combination of elementary structures such as series structures, parallel structures, series-parallel structures, etc. In the literature, the most work focused on developing grouping strategies by considering series structures. This assumption is sometimes much penalized and limited the application of these strategies in reality. Therefore, the main objective of this thesis is to develop dynamic and stationary grouping strategies for the maintenance of multi-component systems with complex structure. These strategies have been developed for age-based models with non-negligible maintenance durations. In addition, dynamic conditions (dynamic context) such as maintenance opportunities, changes of the structure, etc., are considered and integrated into the maintenance scheduling.Our studies show the necessity and the difficulties of taking into account of the complex structure in the maintenance decisions. Numerical examples confirm the advantages of our maintenance strategies by comparing with other existing strategies in the literature
Ma, Fuda. "Multiple Operator Metaheuristics for Graph Partitioning Problems." Thesis, Angers, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ANGE0010/document.
Full textGraph partitioning problems are a class of well-known NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems with a wide range of applications, such as VLSI layout design, statistical physics, sports team scheduling, image segmentation, and protein conformation for instances. This thesis considers three representative problems in this family, including the max-k-cut problem, the max-bisection problem and the vertex separator problem (VSP). Due to high computational complexity, heuristic and metaheuristic approaches are commonly used for approximating the challenging problems. This thesis is devoted to developing efficient metaheuristic algorithms based on a collection of complementary search operators. Specifically, we develop a multiple operator heuristic (MOH) for max-k-cut, an iterated tabu search (ITS) algorithm for max-bisection and a path relinking (PR-VSP) algorithm for VSP. Extensive computational experiments and comparisons demonstrate that the proposed algorithms compete favorably with state-of-the-art approaches in the literature. The combined use of multiple search operators is analyzed to shed lights on the influence over the performance of the algorithms
Vignolo, Thierry. "L'appariement stratégique dans les jeux évolutionnistes : une réponse au problème des équilibres multiples." Montpellier 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON10033.
Full textLenoir, Jean-Christophe. "Structure sociale et stratégie de reproduction chez Cardiocondyla elegans." Phd thesis, Université François Rabelais - Tours, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00105127.
Full textAprès avoir confirmé génétiquement la monogynie de cette espèce (une seule reine entourée d'environ 200 ouvrières), nous nous sommes attachés à analyser l'habitat de C. elegans. Le nid est creusé dans le sol jusqu'à 40 cm de profondeur. Il est composé, comme celui de nombreuses autres espèces, d'un conduit vertical reliant une dizaine de chambres superposées. En milieu ligérien, C. elegans est retrouvée uniquement sur les grèves en fixation. Nous avons montré que la composition des sédiments de ces grèves était importante pour la survie de cette fourmi. Durant l'été, elle permet dans les chambres les plus profondes, de conserver une température constante inférieure à 30°C avec de très faibles variations quotidiennes. Durant les crues, les sédiments composés de moins de 60% de sable, ne sont que très peu entraînés par le courant (grèves « fixées »). De plus ils permettent, lors de la remontée de la nappe alluviale, la création de poches d'air nécessaires à la survie des fourmis.
L'étude de la répartition spatiale des nids au cours des années nous a révélé que 40% des nids disparaissent d'une année sur l'autre suite aux conditions hivernales. Cependant, suffisamment d'individus sexués, en l'occurrence des femelles fécondées, survivent pour fonder de nouveaux nids. La population étudiée de C. elegans sur les bords de Loire montre une forte densité avoisinant 1 nid/m2. Les grèves fixées étant des environnements morcelés, les nids entrent en compétition pour l'espace et se distribuent de façon régulière. Ainsi, moins de 1% des femelles réussissent à fonder de nouveaux nids.
De Juillet à Septembre, les nids matures produisent des individus sexués. Alors que les femelles sont ailées, C. elegans possède une particularité par rapport aux autres fourmis : elle ne produit que des mâles ergatoïdes (sans ailes) tolérants entre eux. Nous avons déterminé que lors de la période de reproduction, les nids contenaient en moyenne 5,3 mâles ergatoïdes et 76,6 femelles ailées. La reine est généralement fécondée par plusieurs mâles. Ainsi les individus du nid sont issus de la même mère mais peuvent avoir des pères différents (en moyenne 4,5 fratries par nid).
En analysant la structure génétique des populations nous pouvons dire que 30% des accouplements impliquent des individus non apparentés. Ce fait est du à la présence de nombreux sexués étrangers à l'intérieur des nids. La présence d'individus étrangers dans des colonies monogynes est singulière et nous a amené à nous interroger sur les stratégies de reproduction de C. elegans. Des tests comportementaux nous ont permis de mettre en évidence que les mâles étaient toujours acceptés lorsqu'ils tentaient de pénétrer dans une nouvelle colonie contrairement aux femelles ailées qui sont systématiquement attaquées. La présence de femelles ailées dans des nids étrangers s'explique par leur transport par des ouvrières, un comportement que nous avons observé sur le terrain en période de reproduction. Ces échanges de sexués pourraient permettre de diminuer la consanguinité à l'intérieur de la population, évitant ainsi la production de mâles diploïdes (stériles) et procurer une meilleure résistance de la population en cas de changements environnementaux.
L'étude de cette fourmi nous a permis de mettre en évidence une stratégie de reproduction originale, décrite ici pour la première fois. Notre étude révèle également que C. elegans est la seule espèce de fourmis à être adaptée aux conditions environnementales des grèves en fixation. La seule présence de cet organisme, au même titre que certaines espèces végétales, permet de caractériser une étape de l'évolution morphologique des chenaux secondaires de la Loire.
Stéphan, Antoine. "Stratégies d’allocation des ressources et optimisation de solutions OFDM avec précodage linéaire pour les communications ultra large bande." Rennes, INSA, 2008. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00376631.
Full textIn this thesis, we propose a new ultra-wideband (UWB) system for high data rate wireless personal area network (WPAN) applications, based on the well-known multiband orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (MB-OFDM) solution supported by the WiMedia Alliance. In a first step, we analytically investigate the use of a linear precoded OFDM (LP-OFDM) waveform for UWB systems. The precoding function is then analytically optimized and different resource allocation algorithms maximizing the system range and throughput, and minimizing the system mean BER, are proposed. In a second step, a global UWB system approach is carried out, complementarily to the analytical study. Furthermore, a MIMO component is added to the LP-OFDM system in order to improve the system robustness as well as to provide a data rate of 1 Gb/s. System simulation results show that the joint use of MIMO and LP-OFDM schemes in UWB leads to a significant system improvement compared to the MB-OFDM system.
Padié, Sophie. "Réponse des cervidés à la chasse : stratégies d’utilisation de l’espace à multiples échelles et conséquences sur la végétation." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20185.
Full textHunting – similarly to natural predation – induces behavioural responses of hunted individuals which aims at avoiding or reducing risk. Particularly, changes in space use are frequently observed, but the articulation and determinants of these changes at multiple spatial scales are still poorly understood. Also, although it has been suggested that these changes might cascade on the vegetation, this remains to be tested. To fill these gaps, I (1) studied a hunted roe deer population living in an agricultural landscape in southern France where roe deer can find open risky habitats and woody covers; and (2) tested black-tailed deer behavioural response to an experimental hunt in a predator- and hunting-free population in the Haïda-Gwaii archipelago (BC, Canada). I also investigated the possible cascading effects on the vegetation. I showed that roe deer responded to increased hunting pressure at multiple scales, reducing their use of the risky habitats and, in specific situations, their distance to the nearest cover. At day-time those two responses were coupled at the individual level. Generally, landscape openness constrained individual responses and strategies. In the hunting-for-fear experiment conducted on Haida Gwaii, I found that only the deer less-tolerant to human disturbance avoided the hunting area. A simultaneous reduction in browsing pressure on two out of the four plant species monitored was found however. I integrated these results in a general discussion on the possible role of hunting as a tool to manage abundant deer populations and their impacts on the vegetation
Greliche, Nicolas. "Stratégies de recherches de phénomènes d'interactions dans les maladies multifactorielles." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00834766.
Full textDoghri, Inès. "Stratégies de routage multi-chemin dans les réseaux sans fil multi-sauts." Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00828394.
Full textMoore, Jacques. "Étude quantitative et qualitative des attachements multiples et des stratégies de coping chez les adolescents placés en famille d'accueil." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2003. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/1428/1/000106690.pdf.
Full textAbot, Julien. "Stratégie de codage conjoint pour la transmission d'images dans un système MIMO." Thesis, Poitiers, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012POIT2296/document.
Full textThis thesis presents a transmission strategy for exploiting the spatial diversity for image transmission over wireless channel. We propose an original approach based on the matching between the source hierarchy and the SISO sub-channels hierarchy, resulting from the MIMO channel decomposition. We evaluate common precoder performance in the context of this strategy via a realistic physical layer respecting the IEEE802.11n standard and associated with a transmission channel based on a 3D-ray tracer propagation model. It is shown that common precoders are not adapted for the transmission of a hierarchical content. Then, we propose a precoding algorithm which successively allocates power over SISO subchannels in order to maximize the received images quality. The proposed precoder achieves a target BER according to the channel coding, the modulation and the SISO subchannels SNR. From this precoding algorithm, we propose a link adaptation scheme to dynamically adjust the system parameters depending on the variations of the transmission channel. This solution determines the optimal coding/transmission configuration maximizing the image quality in reception. Finally, we present a study for take into account some psychovisual constraints in the assessment of the received images quality. We propose the insertion of a reduced reference metric based on psychovisual constraints, to assist the decoder in order to determine the decoding configuration providing the highest quality of experience. Subjective tests confirm the interest of the proposed approach
Ledy, Jonathan. "Stratégie d'adaptation de liens sur canaux radios dynamiques pour les communicationsentre véhicules - Optimisation de la qualité de service." Thesis, Poitiers, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012POIT2318/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with the optimization of communications in vehicular networks by using arealistic simulation platform. A realistic environment implies the usage of mobility modelsadapted to vehicles and also highly detailed physical models (channel models and digitaltransmission chain).The first part of our work has consisted in the design of a realistic simulation platformdedicated to VANETs (Vehicular Ad hoc NETworks). This platform has been completed by asemi-deterministic propagation model which we have designed. This model called UM-CRThas the advantage to have the same level of realism than a deterministic model while requiringmuch less computation time. This model has been validated by comparison with a deterministicray tracing simulator.We then have used this platform to evaluate routing protocols. The efficiency of different adhoc routing protocols in realistic conditions has led us to focus our study on the family ofreactive protocols. From this evaluation we have selected AODV (Ad hoc On demandDistance Vector) to which we have applied a cross-layer metric in order to reduce theperformance degradation caused by the realistic environment. We then have used a tuningtechnique with reactive protocols. Finally, we have evaluated several SISO and MIMOphysical layers. This work shows that only improvements combined at different levels (physicaland network) can yield a significant increase in performance
Nande, Florence. "Identités multiples d'un salarié, bien-être au travail et performance individuelle au travail : une étude auprès des enseignants-chercheurs de l'Université Française." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTD010.
Full textThe employees are not anymore defined by the work they accomplish, but also by the experiences they live. They have multiple identities from several spheres of life, and these identities influence their actions, and by extension have consequences on their behaviour. The aim of this research is to understand how multiple identities of an employee interfere with the organisational context (resources and exigences), and what the consequences are in term of workplace well-being and individual performance. In that line, three studies based on the resources conservation theory (Hobfoll, 1989) have been conducted with teacher-researchers. This thesis generated several contributions. First, the nature of the mediator role of resources in the relation between multiple identities, workplace well-being and individual performance have been shown. The moderator role for exigences also. Second, this research contributes to a better understanding of identity mechanism in game. A typology of identity strategies elaborated by employees in responses to their environmental signals are suggested. The network structure of multiple identities, a hypothesis expressed by Ramarajan (2014) is also verified. In that sense, in an organisational context, the employee is subjected to environmental signals (from resources and exigences) which establish for them an identity threat or an identity opportunity. In response, they build strategies. According to the results of these strategies, and the identity network structure of the person, the identity threat or identity opportunity can spread via the network within the resources reservoir of the person, generating gain or loss spiral of resources, with consequences on workplace well-being and individual performance
Fossion, Pierre. "Contribution à l'étude des conséquences à long terme des traumatismes de l'enfance sur les stratégies d'adaptation aux stress et aux traumatismes ainsi que sur le développement de troubles anxio-dépressifs à l'âge adulte." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/222262.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences médicales (Médecine)
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Leys, Valérie. "Les établissements de santé face à la nécessité de coopérer : la méta-organisation, une réponse émergente à des enjeux multiples." Caen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CAEN0681.
Full textKouassi, Boris Rodrigue. "Stratégies de coopération dans les réseaux radio cognitif." Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00921559.
Full textQuinás, Serra Sónia Raquel. "From taxonomy to multiple-trait bioassessment : the role of Chironomidae in separating naturally poor from disturbed communities." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1138.
Full textChironomidae (Diptera) have a worldwide distribution, being found over a wide range of habitats. Their larvae thrive in almost every possible freshwater habitat, with representatives also in terrestrial and marine environments, representing a major macroinvertebrate component in terms of abundance and richness. However, Chironomidae are generally neglected in community studies mainly because of difficulties in species larval identification. This compromises also the recognition and use of Chironomidae in trait-based approaches, which promote an indirect measurement of functional integrity in fresh waters. The aim of this thesis was to fill this latter gap by: (1) building a trait database for European Chironomidae at the genus level (Chapter I); (2) evaluating if the developed database at the genus level provides additional information to a commonly used European database developed at the subfamily and tribe level for Chironomidae (Chapter II); (3) testing Chironomidae traits relevance in bioassessment through their ability to discriminate naturally different stream types and segregate least disturbed from disturbed sites (Chapters III and IV); (4) comparing trait information gathered in the new European database (Chapter I) with similar information gathered for North America for the same genus and species, and simultaneously testing for trait variability between continents (Chapter V). In Chapter I the general methodology for the construction of the Chironomidae trait database at the genus level is described. The trait database was developed gathering existing information in literature for 744 species and 178 genera, considering 186 trait categories from 37 traits divided in two major domains: Eltonian - related to organism function and influence over its environments; and Grinnellian - associated to organism requirements and performance in its environments. In Chapter II traits at the genus level (from Chapter I) and the existing ones at the subfamily level (tribe at most; Tachet et al. 2010) are compared. This comparison showed that there are significant differences in trait information gathered at different taxonomic levels, thus questioning the use of the Chironomidae subfamily level in ecological, functional and biomonitoring studies. Subfamilies are very heterogeneous in terms of traits, exposing the evolutionary divergence in each subfamily. The distances between subfamilies given by their traits are also not in agreement with the most accepted phylogenetic subfamily relatedness, indicating a divergence from the traits of a common ancestry. In Chapter III Chironomidae taxonomic composition at the genus level, unlike the subfamily level, allowed the segregation of different stream types: permanent medium elevation, permanent lowland, and south temporary. Different Chironomidae assemblages manifest different trait composition for Eltonian traits (emergence season, maximal body size, overwinter diapause stage, substrate relation), but also morphological traits (body setae, mentum, Lauterborn organs, premandible brush, claws of anterior parapods). Morphological traits seem interesting tools that would avoid the laborious identification of genus that rely on multiple minute structures, enabling the trait assessment through the observation of few Chironomidae structures. In Chapter IV it is tested whether using Chironomidae taxonomic and trait compositions allow the segregation of disturbed sites under multiple anthropogenic stressors (subjected to hydromorphological and physicochemical alterations) from leastdisturbed sites in Mediterranean temporary streams. Traits were analysed individually and also grouped into life-history strategies. Both methods enabled a significant segregation between disturbed and least-disturbed sites. Individual traits that were significantly different between sites were also those that are evolutionarily interrelated and used to define Chironomidae life-history trait strategies [etc]
Thomas, Robin. "Stratégies de détection MIMO d'ordre supérieur avec applications au relayage pour les réseaux 4G+ et 5G." Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ENST0081/document.
Full textThe evolution of wireless communication networks has always been rapidly progressive partly due to the demands of today’s data hungry users. This dissertation presents two key contributions to the body of knowledge in the evolving area of physical layer 4G+/5G communication technologies, especially in the domain of Higher-order MIMO detection and half-duplex relay network design. The initial part of this research investigates the development of a higher-order MIMO detection strategy for existing and future 4G+/5G receivers, from both a theoretical and practical perspective. A novel pre-processing Block QR decomposition technique has been proposed for an LTE receiver in a single-user interference-limited scenario as well as a point-to-point scenario with the results highlighting the complexity advantages and limitations in performance. The second part of this study involves a practical feasibility study of a novel two-phase three-part-message strategy for a physical layer half-duplex relay network, which features superposition coding and interference-aware successive interference cancellation decoding. A key aim of this study was to analyze the performance of the proposed link adaptation scheme in the non-asymptotic regime (finite block-length and discrete constellation signaling), and evaluate the spectral efficiency (SE) against the theoretical assumptions of asymptotically large block-lengths. An additional SE comparison with a non-cooperative two-hop relay transmission and point-to-point transmission strategy is also presented. The resulting outcomes reveal the SE gains that can be had by exploiting physical layer cooperation between the relay and base station
Beguin, Julien. "Analyse spatiale, sélection des paysages et stratégies de conservation en présence de régimes multiples de perturbation : le cas du caribou forestier en forêt boréale aménagée." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30203/30203.pdf.
Full textLinking spatial patterns of species distribution and population dynamics with biotic and abiotic processes is central to inform effective conservation planning for endangered species. This thesis investigated how linking spatial patterns of boreal woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou), hereafter boreal caribou, to processes can 1) improve our understanding of landscape selection of this ecotype and 2) inform the efficiency of current land use policies in practice. I first present a new powerful numerical method that allows integrating properly spatial information present in species distribution data to make accurate statistical inference. This method uses integrated nested Laplace approximations (INLA) as an alternative to Markov chain Monte Carlo simulations. I show that, in addition of being accurate and rapid, the use of INLA with Bayesian hierarchical spatial models efficiently accounted for spatial autocorrelation in the residuals and fairly evaluated uncertainty in parameter estimates and predictions. I then used INLA to test which ecological processes, among climate and the distance to roads, drove the existence of geographical patterns in boreal caribou landscape selection. Data supported road-driven selection over a climate influence. Moreover, I show that boreal caribou avoidance of logged areas was two-fold stronger than burned areas. Together these results indicated that limiting the spread of road networks and accounting for the uneven impact of logging compared to wildfire should be integral parts of any habitat management plan and conservation measures within the range of this ecotype. Finally, I use a spatially explicit landscape simulation model to explore how spatial interactions among protected area networks, industrial forestry and fire regimes impacted the population dynamics of boreal caribou and the economic costs related to forest management. I show that the current policy of conservation planning and forest management in the Côte-Nord region in Québec is unlikely to be sustainable for either boreal caribou conservation or timber supply mainly because of current overestimated planned harvest levels. Fire increased antagonisms between current practices of forest management and habitat conservation, irrespective of the presence of salvage logging. This study illustrates that efficient conservation planning requires a better understanding of spatial interactions among population dynamics, protected area networks, forest management, and fire regimes.
Lim, Chetana. "Microenvironnement et angiogénèse : implications dans la stratégie onco-chirurgicale des métastases hépatiques synchrones des cancers colorectaux." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC018/document.
Full textAt the time of the diagnosis of colorectal cancer, nearly 25% of patients have synchronous liver metastases. When this tumor is asymptomatic, the question of surgical strategy (primary tumor first versus liver-first strategy) remains debated. Current recommendations are based on agreements of experts which are by themselves based on retrospective clinical studies. The study of the tumor microenvironment has taken in recent years a major place in the field of cancer research. It leads to new paradigm with a new conception of the metastatic process. It may be possible that the microenvironment of the metastatic sites can be modulated by the primary tumor to promote the formation of the pre-“metastatic niche”. This leads to promote the growth of cancer cells and increase the metastatic potential of primary tumor. By a multidisciplinary research including fundamental, translational and clinical approaches, we have shown that primary tumor first strategy could modulate tumor angiogenesis and liver metastatic process. It is associated with improved survival of patients and efficacy of the anti-angiogenic therapy
Thimon, Bozec Sophie. "La fabrique d'une compétence stratégique, proposition d'un modèle : une application aux impacts des usages des technologies de l'information en PME." Thesis, Brest, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BRES0097/document.
Full textOur research object is twofold: understand a strategic organizational competences bulding using IT, on the one hand, and go beyond the existing analysis of impacts of the IT models, integrating a multidimensional approach, on the other hand. We privileged an empirical approach beginning with a pilot case study that allowed us to define a theoretical framework of an abductive way, by a constant back and forth between the field and the theoretical existing constructs. The conceptual framework is a synthesis of the various RBV strands integrating the concept of organizational learning. The results of a multicase study underline the diffused and partially intentional character of a process, requiring interaction of additional resources highly dependent from the past, and leading to improve efficiency of the routines and dynamic adaptability. We propose a design of the process and discuss significant concepts for the study of this phenomenon
Chastenet, de Castaing Edouard. "Propositions pour l'amélioration de la pertinence de la méthode des multiples en évaluation d'entreprise." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO30006/document.
Full textOur research focuses more specifically on the selection criteria to be used to improve the relevance of the multiple-Based valuation method regarding the selection of reference multiples, the selection of comparable companies or the combination of multiples.We confirm that the Enterprise Value multiples based on prospective Ebit and Ebitda (versus actual) are generally the most relevant. In the absence of prospective data, available at the date of valuation, our study shows that Ebitda multiples are generally more relevant.We confirm that the expected growth rates of Ebitda or Ebit are generally relevant performance indicators to identify the most comparable companies among industry-Based peer groups, considering actual Ebitda and Ebit-Based multiples.Our study shows that the combination of Capital employed and Ebit-Based multiples, on the one hand, and of Ebitda and Ebit-Based multiples, on the other hand (based on weighted factors specific to each sector), are likely to improve the relevance of the method, compared to the use of these multiples, alone.The approach implemented in this research may be reproduced by practitioners to identify case by case single and combined multiples that are the most relevant for each industry-Based peer group
Duminy, Nicolas. "Découverte et exploitation de la hiérarchie des tâches pour apprendre des séquences de politiques motrices par un robot stratégique et interactif." Thesis, Lorient, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORIS513/document.
Full textEfforts are made to make robots operate more and more in complex unbounded ever-changing environments, alongside or even in cooperation with humans. Their tasks can be of various kinds, can be hierarchically organized, and can also change dramatically or be created, after the robot deployment. Therefore, those robots must be able to continuously learn new skills, in an unbounded, stochastic and high-dimensional space. Such environment is impossible to be completely explored during the robot's lifetime, therefore it must be able to organize its exploration and decide what is more important to learn and how to learn it, using metrics such as intrinsic motivation guiding it towards the most interesting tasks and strategies. This becomes an even bigger challenge, when the robot is faced with tasks of various complexity, some requiring a simple action to be achieved, other needing a sequence of actions to be performed. We developed a strategic intrinsically motivated learning architecture, called Socially Guided Intrinsic Motivation for Sequences of Actions through Hierarchical Tasks (SGIM-SAHT), able to learn the mapping between its actions and their outcomes on the environment. This architecture, is capable to organize its learning process, by deciding which outcome to focus on, and which strategy to use among autonomous and interactive ones. For learning hierarchical set of tasks, the architecture was provided with a framework, called procedure framework, to discover and exploit the task hierarchy and combine skills together in a task-oriented way. The use of sequences of actions enabled such a learner to adapt the complexity of its actions to that of the task at hand
Sabbari, Ahmed. "L'orientation entrepreneuriale des PME à internationalisation rapide et logiques d'identification des opportunités d'exportation : cas des PME agro-industrielles au Maroc." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAG006/document.
Full textDespite the growing interest in international entrepreneurship and organizational entrepreneurship as new ways of thinking, academic research in both fields does not seem sufficiently emphasize the underlying processes and dynamics of the accelerated internationalization of SMEs and the formation of their entrepreneurial orientation (EO). This research aims to provide a systemic understanding of entrepreneurial processes of the SMEs by placing the logic of determining export opportunities at the heart of our thinking. The work will conclude by a qualitative model explaining the phenomenon in question.The first part of this thesis is devoted to the theoretical foundations of research, addressing key concepts of our conceptual framework. The second part addresses the problem of empirical research. After an initial work of contextualization, are presented and analyzed the results of a multiple case study, conducted in six young Moroccan exporting SMEs in the agro-industrial sector.The research highlights the internal vectors (knowledge, experience and social capital) and external constraints (nature of the activity and the local market characteristics) as determinants of the accelerated internationalization of young SMEs studied. More importantly, two different configurations of the EO dimensions are described in relation with two distinct logics of determining export opportunities (causal logic vs effectuale logic)
Balavoine, Isabelle. "L'évolution en longue période des maisons de haute couture : configurations d'acteurs et management de cultures multiples." Lille 1, 2005. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2005/50374-2005-16-1.pdf.
Full textLa thèse propose une modélisation des configurations d'acteurs clefs qui aboutit à deux champs de possibles a posteriori (au sens de BERGSON) en termes d'acteurs clefs et de configurations intra-entreprise rencontrés, assortis d'une certain nombre d'enseignements de nature à alimenter la créativité des décideurs confrontés à leur situation unique. La thèse ouvre la voie à la validité de la problématique comme point critique dans une approche nuancée des choix stratégiques. Les conclusions indiquent la nécessité de prolonger la recherche à l'élargissement des configurations dans et hors de l'entreprise et d'approfondir les questions de leur fonctionnement interne, de la succession des acteurs clefs et des conditions plurielles de la naissance, de la disparition et de la possible relance des maisons. La thèse montre l'intérêt d'une méthodologie qualitative non dogmatique, non discriminatoire, abductive et opportuniste qui intègre la subjectivité du chercheur, et au-delà celui d'aborder la stratégie et le management des organisations comme une science psychosociale qui considère l'humain comme une variable stratégique
Dymyd, Lesya. "Organizational ambidexterity : a fractal and dynamic case." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAB001/document.
Full textThe main objective in management of any organization is a successful and sustainable performance. To survive over time, a company should combine two competing activities. On the one hand, it must exploit existing certainties to be effective in the short term, and on the other hand, being capable at the same time to explore new opportunities to be innovative in the future. Ambidextrous organizations have the ability to pursue these activities simultaneously and produce radical and incremental innovation. In our research, we show that to achieve ambidexterity separation of activities is important, but not sufficient. Without integration between business structures and processes, the exploratory activity of the innovation unit is more likely to shrink and disappear with time as unprofitable function. To survive and sustain in the long term, a company should adapt fractal and dynamic ambidexterity. This new concept provides us with a solution to the question of balance and determines the organizational ability to define and set the appropriate proportions of exploration and exploitation simultaneously at multiple organizational levels and re-configure them when it is necessary to meet the change
Sanchez, Mélissa. "L'intégration raisonnée de multiples normes exogènes et endogènes pour maintenir la performance socio-économique de l'entreprise." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSE3035.
Full textCompanies are undergoing a proliferation of norms and standards to control the impacts of their activities on society. A standard consists of providing "rules of the game" to regulate human behavior and limit the risks of malfunctioning and negative externalities. The neo-institutional theory considers that respecting standards is a sine qua non condition to remain legitimate in its market. Nevertheless, as the theory of Tétranormalization shows, norms and standards are abundant, changing, complex, costly and sometimes contradictory. A strategic choice as to the reasoned integration of standards seems inevitable to maintain the survival and development capacity of the company. We conduct a cross-sectional qualitative survey of nine companies of different sizes and sectors. The results show that managers who try to deal with both exogenous norms (those "born" outside the firm) and endogenous norms (those "born" inside the firm). At the same time, we are conducting a qualimetric research-intervention study in an SME to improve its standards integration strategy. We measure the hidden costs and performances related to integration and standards gaps. By participating in the improvement process, we identify the selection criteria for the reasoned integration of an exogenous standard. Finally, we experiment with pedagogical methods to facilitate the integration of the company's endogenous standards into the professional practices of employees
Dhief, Imen. "Optimization of aircraft trajectories over the North Atlantic Airspace." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30138.
Full textThe objective of the present thesis is to propose new more efficient trends to improve the air traffic situation over the North Atlantic (NAT) airspace. In fact, the NAT is considered to be the most congested oceanic airspace in the world. For many years, air traffic control in this airspace has experienced many difficulties caused by the time zone differences, passenger demands and strong winds induced by the jet streams. This leads to high congestion in the airspace especially at peak hours. Furthermore, flight trajectory prediction and control are very limited due to the lack of radar coverage in oceanic airspace. To support conflict-free flight progress, a structure of routes, called Organized Track System (OTS), is established in the NAT and very restrictive separation standards are applied. These rigid rules oblige flights to follow non-optimal trajectories, which negatively influences the fuel consumption and the total flight cost. In order to guarantee efficient traffic separation in the context of ever increasing trafic density, alternative means of communication, navigation and surveillance were developed and progressively be implemented, one of the most promising being the Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B). The widespread use of ADS-B makes it possible to organize traffic in new ways, as an alternative to the OTS, which is the main focus of the current work. First of all, we investigate the possibility of introducing the Free Flight Concept (FFC) in NAT. Indeed, we present an approach to construct and organize NAT traffic based on a swarm behavior. Here, the traffic is considered as a Multi-Agent system where all flights cooperate, thanks to ADS-B equipage, in order to construct their trajectories, while detecting and resolving conflicts between each other. The resulting trajectories are efficient in term of cruise time. However, they are not robust regarding changing winds. Next, we propose a new route structure for eastbound NAT traffic that benefit from the jet stream. This route structure is called Wind-Optimal Track Network (WOTN), and is constructed based on the reduced separation norms. WOTN covers larger airspace than the OTS, in order to handle the growing traffic. Roughly, WOTN is constructed in such a way that nearby parallel tracks are made to follow the jet streams and re-routing between tracks is only allowed in the input and output sections of the structure. Results reveal the importance of implementing a route structure in order to guaranty robust trajectories in the face of strong winds. Finally, we propose an approach to allow aircraft to safely exit the route structure in case of an emergency. The overall methodologies are implemented and tested with eastbound flight data over the NAT. We thereby produce conflict-free and robust trajectory planning for eastbound NAT flights, while benefiting from the reduced separation norms and the jet stream thus proving the efficiency of our approaches
Mifdal, Lahcen. "Contribution au développement de politiques de maintenance intégrée pour un système à multi-produits." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0334.
Full textCurrently, the competition between companies is reflected in the revision of the current industry strategies to improve the planning of production and maintenance. In fact, the non- satisfaction of the customer on time is often due to a random demand or a sudden failure of production system. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new maintenance and production strategies. In this memory, we treat some maintenance policies integrated with production for a manufacturing system. This paper deals with the problem of maintenance strategy and production planning for a multiple-product manufacturing system. The manufacturing system under consideration consists of one machine which produces several products in order to satisfy random demands corresponding to every product. The significance of the present study is that the study deals with the case of a system which produces several products. In this study we have developed and optimized analytically production policies for a multiple-product manufacturing system, in order to meet several random requests characterizing respectively different customers. These policies consist of establishing periodic production plans for each product, minimizing the costs of production and storage while meeting predefined service level for each product. Subsequently, we have developed optimal strategies of maintenance, taking into account the influence of economic production plans obtained, on the evolution of the degradation of the production system. Several scenarios have been studied according to the durations of the sub-periods of production and the cost of set-up of each product. In the end, case studies were treated in order to compare the developed analytical results
Semensato, Bárbara Ilze. "Les capacités dynamiques pour l'innovation et les modèles d'internationalisation des entreprises basées sur les nouvelles technologies : une étude de cas multiple avec les PME Brésiliennes." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAG009.
Full textThe globalization of markets and the growing international competitiveness in the last two decades have provided the entry of competing firms in the market, among which are small firms. Notably recognized for their social and economic importance, small enterprises of the industry, trade and services sectors of activity are, in numerical terms, the vast majority of businesses in Brazil. Given the importance of this object of research, this research has as general objective to explore the relationship between the innovation orientation and the internationalization patterns of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). To achieve this general objective, three specific objectives are drawn, which are the study of the internationalization process and patterns of small-and-medium-sized technology based firms and the study of dynamic capabilities for innovation inherent to the distinct internationalization process and patterns of the SMEs. The dynamic capabilities for innovation drive the technological innovation development, namely, innovation in products, processes and services, also fostering the non-technological innovation development, in other words, the Marketing and the organizational. In addition, the dynamic capabilities impact positively on the competitiveness of small businesses in domestic and international markets. The theoretical basis of this research lies in the Internationalization Theories, from the Behavioral School and the Economic School, for Business Internationalization, and the Innovation Theories, referring to the Dynamic Capabilities for Innovation. In order to better understand the object of research, for each topic there is a section concerning to the SMEs. The sectoral diversity of the participants firms contributed to the magnitude of results on the dynamic capabilities for innovation of Brazilian SMEs, as well as to identify their internationalization patterns. From a qualitative study, the analysis show that Brazilian SMEs seek to differentiate through innovation in their international operating markets. Regarding the internationalization patterns of Brazilian SMEs, they differ in some criteria than shown in the literature. Therefore, the analysis of dynamic capabilities for innovation shows that small Brazilian companies have high potential for the innovation development, even with the existence of external barriers. Concerning the internationalization, the SMEs of the study have specific international patterns, requiring, therefore, criteria approaches in relation to literature. As academic contributions, the research presents the analysis of dynamic capabilities for innovation related to the pattern of internationalization of Brazilian SMEs, presenting emerging variables from the research themes. Finally, as managerial contributions, the analysis of the cases enables verifying how firms seek to position themselves competitively in international markets
Fauth, Alexis. "Contributions à la modélisation des données financières à hautes fréquences." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010019.
Full textNo English summary available
Renaud-Goud, Paul. "Energy-aware scheduling : complexity and algorithms." Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00744247.
Full textConze, Pierre-Henri. "Estimation de mouvement dense long-terme et évaluation de qualité de la synthèse de vues. Application à la coopération stéréo-mouvement." Phd thesis, INSA de Rennes, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00992940.
Full textLepage, Mario. "Évaluation comparative de stratégies visant à augmenter les interventions de courte durée en cessation tabagique auprès du personnel infirmier de milieux hospitaliers." Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/3568.
Full textIntroduction : Research results demonstrate a decrease in cigarette smoking when preventive professional interventions are routinely carried out. The Quebec recent literature reports that, nurses from different working areas assess their patient smoking habits 62 % of the time and recommend cessation in only 38 % of the situations. When this assessment is realized by hospital nurses, this percentage drops around 30 %. Knowing that nursing staff is present at the bedside 24 hours a day, a non-negligible influence of tobacco counselling by nurses is of potential interest for hospitalized patients. The objective of the present study is to compare, on medical and surgical units, the effectiveness of three strategies (interactive educational session, recall, and both together) to a control group, on the number of nursing interventions pertaining to cessation of cigarette smoking. Choice of those three strategies is based on reported effectiveness and transferability potential. Research design is experimental with group randomisation. Factorial model opens possibility to assess impact of each of the three strategies versus the control group. Pre and post strategy multi-measurements (at 1 and 3 months) are sought from nursing staff, patients, patient charts, management, nurses in charge of the centers for tobacco cessation. Results : Nursing staff completed questionnaires at time 1 (N = 156), at time 2 (N= 78), and at time 3 (N=69). Similarly, 156 patients were interviewed at time 1, 89 at time 2, and 98 at time 3. Results show that nursing staff assesses cigarette smoking habits for only 35,7 % of the patients, and their intent to stop smoking only 17,6 % of the time. Very few tobacco counselling interventions are carried out on medical and surgical units by nursing staff. Some barriers are identified, and nursing staff perceives a non-self-efficacy with regard to those interventions. Results do not allow confirmation of hypotheses. However, complementary statistical analyses show that the educational strategy increases the number of nursing interventions during a short period, and decreases perception of barriers to tobacco counselling. Impact of recall could not be assessed as it was not introduced as planned. Conclusion : Considering modest results from the strategies, the interactive educational sessions shows a short term effect on the nursing staff’s interventions,. The difficulties encountered during implementation of the strategies have been explained, which will be useful when planning future research in tobacco cessation.
Le, Hénanff Maxime. "Stratégie reproductrice d'une espèce de lézard à pontes multiples (Podarcis muralis) dans un environnement contraignant." Phd thesis, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00686826.
Full textGhazi, Mirsaeid Seyed Mahdi. "La précarité d’emploi, la pluriactivité et la polyactivité chez les musiciens montréalais." Thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/25619.
Full textThe work of artists in general constitutes a scientific field that has been under-researched in social sciences, particularly regarding the conditions under which musicians work. This explains our reason for studying the working conditions of musicians who reside in Montreal. Indeed, our study is based on two fundamental questions, that is to say, does the precariousness of employment among Montreal musicians force them to opt for pluriactivity and polyactivity in their professional life? And what significance do these professionals attribute to this pluriactivity and polyactivity? This project is based on two axes. The first concerns the precariousness of employment that characterizes the musical labor market and the forced recourse to pluriactivity and polyactivity, and the second axis concerns the recourse of Montreal musicians to these two phenomena as a strategy and a professional opportunity. The uncertainty about the professional future and the income that characterizes the work of Montreal musicians plays an important role in the precariousness of the work of these professionals. Indeed, job insecurity is a fundamental factor that pushes them towards multiple job holding. Regarding pluriactivity, this brings together all of the musician's income resources from artistic jobs linked to his field of expertise. As for polyactivity, this includes all activities that are outside of his main field of expertise (artistic and non-artistic). Despite the constrained nature of this pluriactive and polyactive model of professional life, it presents an effective strategy to face the challenges that exist in the musical labor market and addresses a socialization opportunity for these professionals. Our research follows a qualitative approach in which we opt for an exploratory and hybrid empirical technique. We have also conducted ten semi-structured interviews concerning the professional life of our participants.
کار هنرمندان به طور کلی یک زمینه علمی است که در علوم اجتماعی ، خصوصاً با توجه به شرایط کاری موسیقی دانها ، به طور کمی مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته است. این امر دلیل ما را برای مطالعه شرایط کار نوازندگان ساکن مونترال توضیح می دهد. بدون شک، تحقیق ما بر دو سوال اساسی استوار است. به این معنا که آیا نا امنی شغلی در بین نوازندگان مونترآلی، آنها را مجبور به چندکاری می کند؟ و این که اینچند کاری چه معنی برای این نوازنده ها دارد؟ این پروژه بر دو محوراستوار است. اولین مورد مربوط به ناامنی شغلی است که مشخصه بازار کار موسیقی دانان و توسل اجباری به چند فعالیتی می باشد و محور دوم مربوط به توسل موسیقیدانان مونترال به این پدیده به عنوان یک استراتژی و یک فرصت حرفه ای است. عدم اطمینان در مورد آینده شغلی و درآمد که ویژگی کار نوازندگان مونترال است ، نقش مهمی در به خطر افتادن کار این متخصصان دارد. در واقع ، عدم امنیت شغلی عاملی اساسی است که آنها را به سمت نگهداری چند شغلی سوق می دهد. چند شغلی این امکان را به نوازنده می دهد تا منابع مختلف درآمد را در اختیار داشته باشد که مرتبط با شغل اصلی وی به عنوان نوازنده می باشند. در مورد نوع دیگری از چند فعالیتی باید ذکر کرد که ، شامل کلیه فعالیتهایی است که خارج از حوزه اصلی تخصص نوازنده (هنری و غیر هنری) است. علیرغم ماهیت محدود کننده این مدل زندگی حرفه ای چندمنظوره و چند فعالیتی ، این یک استراتژی موثر برای مقابله با چالشهایی که در بازار کار موسیقی وجود دارد و همچنین فرصتی برای اجتماعی شدن این متخصصان به حساب می آید. تحقیق ما از یک رویکرد کیفی پیروی می کند که در آن ما یک روش تجربی اکتشافی را انتخاب می کنیم. ما همچنین ده مصاحبه نیمه ساخت یافته در مورد زندگی حرفه ای شرکت کنندگان خود انجام داده ایم.
Marcotte, Sylvie. "Des stratégies pédagogiques utilisées en classe de français pour développer la compétence scripturale des élèves." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/24278.
Full textDans un contexte où les données probantes sont prisées en éducation, cette thèse en didactique du français rappelle la pertinence, pour la recherche et la pratique, de s’intéresser en premier lieu à ce que l’enseignante fait en classe de français. Quelles sont les stratégies pédagogiques utilisées par les enseignantes en classe de français au secondaire québécois qui participent au développement de la compétence scripturale des élèves? Pour répondre à cette question, trois objectifs de recherche spécifiques sont poursuivis dans cette thèse. Chaque objectif fait l’objet d’un article scientifique, qui s’intègre dans un devis séquentiel de méthodes mixtes (Creswell, Plano Clark, Gutmann et Hanson, 2003). Le premier article vise à identifier les stratégies pédagogiques utilisées en classe de français au secondaire québécois liées à l’écriture de meilleurs textes par les élèves. Il repose sur une analyse secondaire (Dale, 1993) de données collectées à grande échelle au secondaire québécois par le groupe DIEPE (1995) (analyses factorielles exploratoires et régressions multiples à deux niveaux). Le deuxième article vise à identifier les stratégies pédagogiques utilisées en classe de français au secondaire québécois qui, selon le savoir d’expérience (Tardif et Lessard, 1999) des enseignantes, participent particulièrement au développement de la compétence scripturale des élèves. Il repose sur un atelier délibératif (Dogba, Dossa et Dagenais, 2017), lors duquel six enseignantes d’expérience choisissent ensemble des stratégies pédagogiques développant particulièrement la compétence scripturale de leurs élèves. Le troisième article vise à décrire comment peuvent être utilisées en classe de français au secondaire québécois les stratégies pédagogiques retenues consensuellement à l’issue de l’atelier délibératif. Il repose sur l’analyse d’observations directes non participantes menées dans la classe d’une enseignante de français du secondaire québécois au moyen d’un synopsis (Blaser, 2007, 2009; Lord, 2012, 2014; Schneuwly et Dolz, 2009) et d’une grille d’analyse complémentaire qui repose sur les gestes didactiques fondamentaux de l’enseignante (Aeby Daghé et Dolz, 2008; Schneuwly, 2000, 2009; Schneuwly et Dolz, 2009). La mise en relation des résultats des trois articles nous conduit à discuter de leur complémentarité et de celle des méthodes employées ainsi qu’à souligner leurs implications pour la recherche et la pratique. Trois constats se dégagent. 1) Faire écrire les élèves permet aux enseignantes de français du secondaire québécois d’enseigner l’écriture, puisque cela leur permet d’utiliser plusieurs stratégies pédagogiques dans le but de développer la compétence scripturale de leurs élèves. 2) Pour développer la compétence scripturale des élèves, plusieurs stratégies pédagogiques peuvent être utilisées en classe, toutes de façons à la fois singulières et plurielles. Ces stratégies pédagogiques reposeraient toutes sur la mise à disposition de textes, que l’enseignante peut fournir aux élèves ou qu’elle peut leur faire écrire, et sur la mise en évidence des dimensions des objets de savoir à enseigner dans ces textes, bref sur des formes spécifiques des gestes didactiques fondamentaux présentifier et pointer (Schneuwly, 2000, 2009). 3) L’enseignante joue un rôle central pour développer la compétence scripturale des élèves en classe de français au secondaire québécois, par l’étayage et la diversification des stratégies pédagogiques.
In the context of evidence-based education, this thesis in French didactics stresses the relevance, for research and practice, of being primarily interested in what teachers do in French class. What are the pedagogical strategies used in class by French teachers within Quebec secondary schools that participate in developing students’ scriptural competence? To answer this question, three specific research objectives are pursued in this thesis. Each objective is the subject of a scientific article, which are all part of a sequential mixed methods research design (Creswell, Plano Clark, Gutmann and Hanson, 2003). The first article aims to identify the pedagogical strategies used in French class that relate to the writing of better texts by students in Quebec secondary schools. It is based on a secondary analysis (Dale, 1993) of large-scale data that were collected in Quebec secondary schools by the DIEPE group (1995) (exploratory factor analysis and two-level multiple regressions). The second article aims to identify the pedagogical strategies used in French class within Quebec secondary schools that specifically participate in developing students’ scriptural competence according to the teacher’s experience knowledge (Tardif and Lessard, 1999). It is based on a deliberative workshop (Dogba, Dossa and Dagenais, 2017), during which six experienced teachers together choose pedagogical strategies that specifically develop the scriptural competence of their students. The third article aims to describe how the pedagogical strategies elected at the end of the deliberative workshop can be used in French class within Quebec secondary schools. It is based on the analysis of direct nonparticipant observations that were conducted in the class of a French secondary school teacher in Quebec using a synopsis (Blaser, 2007, 2009; Lord, 2012, 2014; Schneuwly and Dolz, 2009) and a complementary analysis grid based on the teacher's fundamental didactic gestures (Aeby Daghé and Dolz, 2008; Schneuwly, 2000, 2009; Schneuwly and Dolz, 2009). The results of the three articles are then discussed to explore the complementarity of their results and methods, as well as to highlight their implications for research and practice. Three observations emerge. 1) Having students write allows French secondary school teachers in Quebec to teach writing, as it enables them to use several pedagogical strategies to develop their students’ scriptural competence. 2) To develop students’ scriptural competence, several teaching strategies can be used in class, in ways that are all simultaneously singular and plural. These pedagogical strategies may be based on the provision of texts that the teacher can show to students or that she can have them produce, and on highlighting the knowledge objects’ dimensions that ought to be taught in these texts, in short on specific forms of the fundamental didactic gestures of presentifying and pointing (Schneuwly, 2000, 2009). 3) The teacher plays a central role in developing the scriptural competence of students in French class within Quebec secondary schools, by scaffolding and diversifying pedagogical strategies.
Drevon, Elsa. "La veille stratégique dans le secteur public de la santé au Québec : une étude de cas multiples." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/25232.
Full textIn every Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) country, the public health sector is facing a complex environment characterized by rapid technological and scientific change. Public health organizations are experiencing increased demand from citizens for reliable, accessible, and efficient services, but are constrained by a shortage of resources — particularly financial and budgetary resources. To meet the public mission that has been entrusted to them, they are increasingly turning to the tools and principles of strategic management, including strategic intelligence. In Quebec, strategic intelligence appeared in the strategic plans of public health organizations in the mid-2000s. Intelligence initiatives have also emerged, as evidenced by the Communauté de pratique de veille en santé et services sociaux, which was established in 2009. The purpose of our thesis is to explore what strategic intelligence is in the public health sector in Quebec. The objectives of the research are (1) to describe the characteristics of strategic intelligence as implemented in public health organizations in Quebec; (2) to describe the purposes of strategic intelligence in public health organizations in Quebec: (a) describe the types of support that intelligence provides to the strategy of public health organizations in Quebec; (b) describe the types of support that intelligence provides to the decision-making process of public health managers in Quebec; (c) describe, if any, other types of support that intelligence provides to public health organizations in Quebec; (3) identify the characteristics of strategic intelligence in the public health sector. Through a multiple case study, the research examines three intelligence projects (cases) involving four components: the intelligence product, its actors, its process, and its goals. In total, five intelligence professionals and sixteen intelligence client managers (eleven senior executives and five middle managers) were interviewed, following the principles of grounded theory. According to our results, intelligence will be strategic if it is focused on the information needs of the intelligence client managers and their use of the intelligence product. A strategic intelligence product should be highly customized, dynamic, scalable, concise, and attractive. In addition, it should be based on information quality criteria and the analysis and interpretation of the information. Embedding intelligence professionals in management teams could contribute to the development of such a strategic intelligence product. The strategic intelligence process should include the following steps: assessment/reassessment of information needs, identification of information sources, information processing, analysis, and interpretation, and the dissemination and use of the intelligence product. Finally, strategic intelligence pursues the goals of supporting decision-making and strategic planning. This support is grouped into learning, explorative, analytical, symbolic, comparative, and strategic uses.