Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Stratégies thérapeutique'
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Khaldi, Mustapha. "Nouvelles stratégies de synthèse d'alcaloïdes antitumoraux." Nancy 1, 1994. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1994_0226_KHALDI.pdf.
Full textCournède, Céline. "Mucoviscidose : physiopathologie et nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR2P066.
Full textMoriceau, Gatien. "Nouvelles approches thérapeutiques des ostéosarcomes par des stratégies combinatoires ciblées." Nantes, 2010. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=33ea1e64-785a-4427-9cfe-52f2a4f2e171.
Full textOsteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumors. Despite advances in surgery and chemotherapy, the problem of non-response to chemotherapy is a persistent problem and involves life-threatening leading to look for new therapeutic strategies. New targeted combinatory strategies are developed to reduce the emergence of resistance, to potentiate the effectiveness of treatment and then to improve patient survival and tumor growth control. The therapeutic strategies envisaged have been to target multiple signaling pathways in tumor cells (horizontal targeted combinatory therapies) or to target a major target of the cell by two different molecules characterized by different modes of action. These combinations induced a significant decrease in cell viability of osteosarcoma and allowed a decrease of volume and tumor progression in mice models of osteosarcoma. Finally, these treatments have also resulted in improved parameters of bone microarchecture in contact with the tumor and tissue repair observed in the residual tumor mass. Targeted therapies will allow an alternative to existing protocols and open the door to a new era in development of new therapeutic approaches of osteosarcoma
Toupet, Karine. "Stratégies thérapeutiques des maladies à prions." Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20128.
Full textPrion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative disorders that affect both humans and animals. These diseases are induced by the accumulation in the brain of the misfolded isoform of the normal cellular prion protein: PrPSc. The emergence of new risks of transmission for these diseases and the lack of efficient treatments, prompt us to search for new therapeutic strategies and targets. We developed two innovative therapeutic approaches. The first one consisted in searching for molecules able to trap preamyloid forms of PrPSc (dimers and trimers), known as key elements in the replication cycle of prions. A drugs screening approach, in silico and in cellulo, allowed us to discover thienyl pyrimidine and thienyl azine compounds able to specifically oligomerize PrPSc molecules. These PrPSc oligomers decrease prions infectivity in vivo, highlighting the therapeutic potential of these compounds. Our second strategie is a gene therapy approach using the dominant negative properties of certain polymorphisms of the prion protein, such as the Q218K and Q167R mutants. Our objective was to evaluate the therapeutic potential of lentiviral vectors carrying the PrPQ218K and PrPQ167R mutants, in mice, at the terminal stage of the disease. We succeeded in significantly prolonging the survival time of mice of 20%, with two intracerebrally chronic injections of lentiviral vectors carrying the PrPQ167R mutant. All our results not only open the way for new therapeutic strategies against prion diseases but also will benefit for therapies of other neurodegenerative disorders
Charat, Benjamin. "L'influence des stratégies cognitives métamotivationnelles dans le sevrage tabagique." Toulouse 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU20087.
Full textIn tobacco cessation research, some metamotivational states observed by Apter (1982, Reversal Theory) are supposed to be associated with relapse back to smoking (Cook, Gerkovich, O'Connell, Potocky, 1995). Based on these findings, we developed the hypothesis that the resistance against the desire to smoke could be reinforced when treating these states on a cognitive level. No other studies have previously investigated whether a cognitivo-metamotivational therapy coupling mental imagery and sensory methods could be an efficient approach. To verify our hypothesis, we have explored the potential and the limits of the new withdrawal method. We have chosen to compare two groups of tobacco cessation patients, before and after the therapy. The first group of 36 subjects was subjected to a cognitivo-behaviorist approach while the second group of 37 people received only educational training sessions in cognitivo-metamotivational strategy. We have been using six tools: Fagerström (physical dependence), Horn (psychological and behavioural dependence), A. M. S. P (Apter Metamotivational style profile), a test of the motivation level, H. A. D (scale of anxiety & depression) and Q. S. M (questionnaire of Sensory Modality). The results seem to confirm our hypothesis. Using a cognitivo-metamotivational strategy seems to help the patient to stay abstemious. We have noted various differences between the two groups. Several synergetic interactions within the metamotivational strategy are encouraging us to pursue this approach. This type of therapy seems to be well-defined and efficient
Grassin, Deloire Mathilde. "Stratégies thérapeutiques des lésions démyélinisantes du système nerveux central." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR28717.
Full textDalgalarrondo, Sébastien. "Analyse sociologique des essais thérapeutiques : stratégies des firmes, recherche clinique et activisme thérapeutique : les médicaments contre le virus du SIDA en France." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001IEPP0004.
Full textDiallo, Jean-Wenceslas. "Stratégies de lutte contre l'onchocercose, évaluation de l'utilisation du Mectizan (Ivermectine) : le cas du Burkina-Faso." Bordeaux 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR25275.
Full textChauvet, Claudia. "Stratégies environnementales et pharmacologiques du traitement de la rechute à la cocaïne : du comportement à la neurobiologie." Poitiers, 2011. http://nuxeo.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/ac997c1f-a069-4b19-b402-9277166805d2.
Full textAddiction is a chronic psychiatric disorder caracterised by compulsive and repetitive behaviours, which can have negative influences on health. One of the main characteristic of addiction is relapse even after a long period of withdrawal. Studying factors that can have positive effects on withdrawal and consequently can reduce relapse is of an urgent necessity in order to better understand the phenomenon of addiction but also to develop therapeutic strategies based on long term prevention. In this view, the main goal of my thesis was the study of the influence of environmental enrichment (EE) on relapse to cocaine seeking. EE consists to provide to laboratory animals stimulations of sensory, cognitive and motor functions. With this in mind, EE is considered as a positive animal model to study consequences of positive way of live on brain disorders. By the use of different animal models of addiction, we have shown that EE has curative properties, once related-addiction behaviours are developed. We have demonstrated that EE is able to eliminate behavioural consequences induced by repeated drug injections in mice in an animal model of behavioural sensitization. Moreover, we have shown that EE is also curative in an animal model of conditioned place preference (CPP), as we have demonstrated that EE eliminate the reinstatement of cocaine seeking after exctinction and cocaine seeking behaviour. We have confirmed the curative effects of EE in rats by the use of the animal model of reference to study addiction, self-administration paradigm. With this animal model, we have demonstrated that EE is able to significantly reduced cues- and stress-induced relapse to cocaine seeking and more generally is able to reduce cocaine seeking behaviour after a withdrawal period. By the use of immunohistochemistry technique of c-Fos, a marquor of neuronal activation, we have initiated the understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of EE and we have shown that the curative effect of EE is paralleled to an inhibition of activation of brain areas involved in relapse. We hypothesised that the “anti-stress” effects of EE would represent a pivotal mechanism concerning the curative properties of EE. In this view, EE would reduce the negative emotional state of people rendering them less vulnerable to environmental stimuli associated with drugs et would significantly reduce relapse. In addition to the preventive effect of EE previously described, these works of thesis have higtlighed the curative effect of EE, by demonstrating that EE reduces the risk of relapse after a period of withdrawal. Moreover, my works represent the first step in the understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms involved in the beneficial effect of EE on relapse. In conclusion, these works open the way to new therapeutic, behavioural and pharmacologic therapeutics focused on the long term prevention of risk of relapse
Fouquet, Grégory. "Étude du récepteur SLAMF3 : mécanismes et stratégies thérapeutiques dans les cancers solides." Thesis, Amiens, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AMIE0004/document.
Full textHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most important liver cancer and is the second-one in cancer-related death with 810,000 deaths in 2015. Currently, Sorafenib, a multikinases inhibitor, is standard treatment for advanced HCC. However, with an objective response rate of 2-3%, only few patients respond to Sorafenib and when patients respond, Sorafenib resistance is observed after some months. Recently, our team has identified a receptor, SLAMF3, at hepatocytes cell surface and its tumor suppressor role in HCC. During this thesis, we demonstrate implication of RB/PLK-1 pathway in cell proliferation inhibition by SLAMF3. Moreover, SLAMF3 sensitizes HCC cancer cells to Sorafenib. Indeed, SLAMF3 overexpression decreases expression and activity of MRP-1, a transporter implicated in anti-cancer treatment resistance, and also reduces the pluripotent aggressive phenotype highlighted in acquired-resistance to Sorafenib. To induce the tumor suppressor role of SLAMF3, we highlight implication of histone desacetylase 2 in loss of SLAMF3 expression in HCC cancer cells. To finish, SLAMF3 is also expressed in pulmonary, colorectal and mammary tissues. As observe in HCC, SLAMF3 expression is decreased in these different cancers. We describe, particularly, inhibition of cell migration by SLAMF3 by reducing Ca2+ influx in mammary cancer cells. Our results suggest a new therapeutic strategy based on SLAMF3 expression induction by histone desacetylase 2 inhibition in solid cancers treatment, and more particularly in HCC
Kourilsky, Françoise. "Psychothérapie stratégique et constructiviste : étude des interactions et des stratégies d'influence dans le dialogue thérapeutique." Besançon, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BESA1013.
Full textLabeyrie, Paul-Emile. "Amélioration des stratégies thérapeutiques dans la pathologie anévrysmale intracânienne." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC404/document.
Full textIntracranial aneurysm (IA) is a specific morphological abnormality of the cerebral arteries that exposes to devastating intracranial bleeding. Despite the progress made in the curative treatment, no preventive treatment of IA formation has been proven in humans. The lack of non-invasive treatment and consensus on the treatment of unruptured IA are the consequences of the lack of knowledge of the physiopathological mechanisms of aneurysmal disease. All of the work presented here aims to better understand the mechanisms of intracranial aneurysmal pathology, which may be the basis of new preventive strategies improving the treatment of IA.We first studied the influence of cervical artery abnormalities on IA formation. In this study, we performed a case-control study whose main objective was to study the association between morphologic abnormalities of cervical arteries and the presence of IA. The secondary objectives were first to examine whether this association varied according to whether or not the aneurysm was broken, and secondly to examine whether the severity of the cervical arterial abnormalities was related to the severity of the aneurysmal pathology. We report that the prevalence of angiographic abnormalities in patients harboring IA is high. In addition, the incidence of a rare pathology, fibro-muscular dysplasia is very high in patients with IA compared to the general population. The presence of angiographic abnormalities has no impact on the rupture of the IA, nor on other aspects such as their size, numbers or shape. In our study, we believe that the association between angiographic abnormalities and IA seems to be explained by the hypothesis of a vulnerability of the arterial wall (a particular pathological condition of the arterial wall at the origin of IA formation). This pathological condition would affect the whole cerebral vasculature and cervical arteries. IA would thus be the clinical manifestations of more silent vascular pathologies affecting the wall of all vessels. The morphological abnormalities of the cervical arteries testify sensitively but not very specifically of the association of the arterial wall diseases with the presence of IA.In a second study, we try to describe and characterize an unprecedented pathway of formation and growth of IA : the pathway of fibrinolysis via tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA). Our data suggest that tPA present in the bloodstream is sufficient to promote formation and rupture of aneurysms. We therefore proposed that vascular tPA was one of those responsible for training IA. We also noted a certain continuity in the time of the influence of the tPA on the matrix remodeling. We therefore proposed vascular tPA as a possible new target to prevent progression and rupture of IA. Various experiments have been undertaken to selectively inhibit tPA and the preliminary results are encouraging and open the way to an unprecedented non-invasive therapeutic strategy. It is also conceivable that these different approaches could be combined with each other and with matrix agents directly targeting tPA activity in the AIC wall. The improvement of therapeutic strategies in intracranial aneurysmal pathology is definitely an topic of research whose possibilities are huge and the results necessary and expected
Delaunay, Isabelle. "La mucoviscidose : complications infectieuses pulmonaires : stratégies thérapeutiques médicale et chirurgicale, à propos de 4 observations d'adultes jeunes." Caen, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990CAEN3097.
Full textBurgoyne, Vicky. "L'alliance thérapeutique en psychothérapie interculturelle, telle que relatée par des psychologues québécois." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5421.
Full textCozic, Mariannick. "Evaluation médico-économique de stratégies thérapeutiques : le cas de la chirurgie de l'épilepsie." Montpellier 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON10047.
Full textEhinger, Yann. "Stratégies de stimulation du transport axonal endogène du Bdnf comme piste thérapeutique dans le syndrome de Rett." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0142/document.
Full textRett syndrome (RTT) is a severe neurological disorder caused by mutations in the MECP2 gene, located on the X chromosome. After a period of apparent normal development, females with MECP2 mutations undergo a regression of early developmental milestones, resulting in the deterioration of motor skills, eye contact, speech, and hand movements and ultimately resulting in severe breathing disturbances, as the disease progresses, and severe handicap. Bdnf, a neuronal modulator that plays a key role in neuronal survival, development, and plasticity has been found to be one of the main factors altered in the absence of Mecp2. The Bdnf pathway is one of the most appealing pathways to target in RTT. Bdnf itself is unable to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and needs to be indirectly activated. Thus, we developed an indirect strategy to enhance Bdnf trafficking in neurons. Huntingtin (Htt) phosphorylation of Serine 421 enhances Bdnf transport and promoting Htt phosphorylation may restore Bdnf homeostasis in Mecp2 KO brain. We tested this possibility using two approaches to promote Htt phosphorylation of S421 in Mecp2-deficient neurons and Mecp2 KO mice. We evaluated the consequences of Htt S421 phosphorylation on BDNF axonal trafficking in projecting corticostriatal neurons in vitro, and in vivo on the behavior of Mecp2 KO mice. Our findings demonstrate that pharmacological and genetic stimulation approaches correct Bdnf trafficking in vitro and improve longevity and behavioural features in Mecp2 KO mice. Htt S421 phosphorylation appears to be a possible target for the development of treatments in RTT
Begou, Mélina. "La souris KO STOP : modèle pour l'étude de la physiopathologie de la schizophrénie et pour le développement de nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques." Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10211.
Full textSTOP null mice exhibit many behavioural disturbances mimicking schizophrenia symptoms associated with a reduced glutamatergic transmission and an exacerbated dopaminergic one, alterations suitable with the neurochemical hypothesis of schizophrenia. Alterations displayed by STOP null mice are alleviated by a neuroleptics treatment. Thus, STOP null mice represent a useful tool to develop new therapeutic strategy. Then, we tested Epothilon D, a antimitotic agent, and showed that it improves many alterations seen in STOP null mice, more especially cognitive deficits. It represents an exciting innovative treatment. Finally, STOP null mice exhibit a progression of behavioural defects over time suggesting that juvenile STOP null mice exhibit only subtle alterations in dopaminergic reactivity without major glutamatergic disturbance. STOP null mice provide thus a model to study the time course of schizophrenia and to identify factors leading to the onset of the disease in the late adolescence
Branly, Thomas. "Développement de nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques des affections articulaires : évaluation du potentiel thérapeutique des chondrocytes et des cellules souches de moelle osseuse : vers l’industrialisation de cellules médicaments en santé équine." Caen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CAEN2068.
Full textDue to the low intrinsic ability to repair cartilage extracellular matrix by chondrocytes, locomotor disorders are the leading cause of loss of performance and termination of the career of racehorses. To provide relevant strategies to repair injured cartilage, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from bone marrow are found to be relevant candidates because they have a large proliferative potential and a chondrocyte differentiation ability. We were able to isolate such cells on all samples obtained, and we showed that they possess the criteria for defining MSCs. In addition, these cells synthesize a hyaline type cartilage rich in type II collagen, when cells are cultured in hypoxia within sponges of type I collagen in the presence of chondrogenic factors such as BMP-2 and TGF-β. However, a persistent high expression of type I collagen, a specific marker of fibrocartilage, remains. To remedy this, siRNAs were transfected and we were able to decrease its expression. In vivo clinical trial in horse have also been performed on a model of induced arthropathy and we demonstrated the value of using MSCs as “cell-drug”. Our results show that in undifferentiated form their use is tolerated by the experimental horses, in addition to stimulating cartilage repair. Moreover, initial results suggest that their use in a differentiated form leads to fusion of the cartilaginous substitute to the underlying cartilage. All these results confirm the relevance of the development of such strategies in the equine model
Baeza, Carole. "La démarche des carnets de route : trajet de formation et action de santé, explicitation des tactiques et des stratégies d'alcooliques abstinents." Nantes, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NANT3002.
Full textThe trials of addiction throw an alcoholic's life into complete chaos. Once free from alcohol's physical domination, the alcoholic will try to protect himself from this toxic substance. Among possible defense strategies, we chose the acceptance of powerlessness over alcohol as a tool for developing a positive health attitude where abstinence is the norm. We chose to concentrate on the processes of addiction and recovery, centering our research on a self-exploratory path of creative writing. For one year, three sober alcoholics described their journey with alcohol in a "road book" complete with text, pictures, and drawings. We aimed to validate the hypothesis that doodling and sketching - writing beyond words - could complement writing in its expression of the unspeakable. Could alliances be found between visual perception and cognitive understanding to improve and enrich communication? We also considered creative writing esthetically, as an existential analysis to uncover resistance strategies developed to escape alcohol and start anew
Imbert, Marine. "Evaluation de différentes stratégies thérapeutiques antisens pour le traitement de la maladie de Huntington." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLV044/document.
Full textHuntington’s disease (HD) is caused by a CAG repeat expansion in the exon 1 of huntingtin gene (htt), encoding for a mutant protein. It has been shown that the silencing/down regulation of huntingtin protein is a promising therapeutic lead. In this project, I have explored and compared three strategies using the antisense approach: a non-allele specific strategy, aiming to silence the global expression of htt; an allele specific strategy targeting CAG repeats to silence preferentially the mutant allele; and an exon-skipping strategy in order to remove cleavage sites which originally cause a shorter and toxic form of the htt protein. These strategies have been evaluated using two different tools: tricyclo-DNA (TcDNA), a new class of antisense oligonucleotides (AON) more efficient than the previous chemistries, and a vectorized approach using U7snRNA system allowing a stable expression of antisense sequences. Firstly, these different molecules have been assessed in vitro in HD fibroblasts quantifying mRNA and htt protein levels with RTqPCR and Western blot respectively. Subsequently, the most efficient sequences have been selected and intracerebroventricular (ICV) injections have been performed with corresponding AON and AAV-U7snRNA in a HD mouse model (YAC128). The most encouraging results have been obtained with the TcDNA-NS (for Non Specific allele), allowing a significant decrease of htt expression in cortex, hippocampus and striatum 2 and 6 weeks after ICV injection. These promising results suggest the potential of TcDNA as a new therapeutic tool for HD
Kremer, Laurent. "Caractérisation d'un nouveau modèle animal de polyradiculonévrite chronique et développement de stratégies thérapeutiques." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAJ058/document.
Full textChronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is an autoimmune pathology of the peripheral nervous system whose pathophysiology is currently poorly understood, for which there are few therapeutic options and no reliable animal model. The first aim of this work was to validate and characterize an animal model of CIDP by immunization of rat Lewis with the palmitoylated peptide P0(180-199). The animals developed a chronic or relapsing pathology that could be characterized clinically, histologically, electrophysiologically and immunologically. The results are in favor of a reliable and reproducible model that mimics the human CIDP. The second aim of this work was to test, on our model, the fingolimod, sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulator, as potential treatment of the pathology. In our model, fingolimod has reduced the severity and the chronicity of the disease, improved electrophysiological parameters, reduced infiltration by inflammatory cells and recue immunological abnormalities
Bock, Dumas Élodie de. "Identification de stratégies d’analyse de variables latentes longitudinales en présence de données manquantes potentiellement informatives." Nantes, 2014. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=ed3dcb7e-dec1-4506-b99d-50e3448d1ce4.
Full textThe purpose of this study was to identify the most adequate strategy to analyse longitudinal latent variables (patient reported outcomes) when potentially informative missing data are observed. Models coming from classical test theory and Rasch-family were compared. In order to obtain an objective comparison of these methods, simulation studies were used. Moreover, illustrative examples were analysed. This research work showed that the method that comes from Rasch-family models performs better than the other in some circumstances, mainly for power. However, limitations were highlighted. Moreover, some results were obtained about personal mean score imputation
Said, Alhabibi Toihiri. "Recherche sur de nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques utilisant des vecteurs huileux végétaux dans la modulation du stress oculaire d'origine toxique." Paris 5, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA05P627.
Full textEye is an organ exposed in of numerous stress responsible in ocular pathologies for which certain therapeutic strategies require oily excipients. The objective of our study was to evaluated the cytotoxicity on human conjunctiva cells, anti-UV and antioxidants properties, and the tolerance of the existing oily vectors ; Zea mays, Ricinus communis, Olea europaea and the news vectors Calophyllum inophyllum, Aleurites moluccana, Camelina sativa. We envisaged new therapeutic applications for the most promising vectors and investigated the action of the most powerful on a model of corneal healing to the Rabbit. Our works allowed us to establish a model of direct study of in vitro oil on living cells and contribute to a better understanding of the regulation of the fatty acids of the membrane and could open the way to new therapeutic strategies
Rakic, Rodolphe. "Nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques des affections articulaires du cheval : évaluation du potentiel thérapeutique des chondrocytes autologues et des cellules souches de cordon ombilical (sang et gelée de Wharton) : vers l'industrialisation de cellules médicaments." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMC406/document.
Full textArticular cartilage disorders, such as focal defects and osteoarthritis, are the main causes of decreased performance or early retirement of sport- and racehorses. Thus, cartilage disorders represent a major veterinary issue in the equine industry, due to significant financial losses. Poor intrinsic cartilage repair properties and the absence of long- term therapy for cartilage defects lead to the development and use of new generation therapies such as autologous chondrocytes implantation. In this context, our study aimed to compare different cell types for the in vitro cartilage generation, in order to implant the biological substitute to treat cartilage defects in the horse. A therapeutic strategy initially developed in human medicine, the autologous chondrocytes transplantation, always represents a "gold standard" in cartilage tissue engineering. In the present study, after developing a new generation of cartilaginous substitute of high biological quality, composed of equine articular chondrocytes, technical and biological limits inherent to the cell type persist. Thus, we have used alternative cell types such as neonatal mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) from umbilical cord, such as umbilical cord blood MSC (UCB-MSCs) and umbilical cord matrix or Wharton jelly MSCs (UCM- MSCs). These MSCs sources could represent a therapeutic advantage due to their non-invasive isolation, their high cell proliferation and their ability to differentiate into chondrocytes. Nevertheless, it is essential to define the best therapeutic candidate between these two MSCs sources, to obtain an optimal quality for the neocartilaginous substitute. Our data highlighted important differences in the chondrogenesis process of these two neonatal MSCs sources, allowing us to consider UCB-MSCs as the best therapeutic candidate for equine cartilage tissue engineering. This work allows a better understanding of the chondrocyte and MSCs biology. Moreover, this work leads the way to setting-up future clinical trials in the horse, in order to treat articular defects of this large animal model
Muller, Christophe. "Régénération et restauration fonctionnelle après atteinte cérébrale chez le rat adulte : une approche préclinique combinant plusieurs stratégies thérapeutiques." Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA6128.
Full textDamage to the adult mammal brain has been considered to be irreversible for a long time. We know now that regeneration can occur in the CNS, provided a permissive environment is furnished to neural cells to stimulate their inherent growth capacity. This introduces new regrading brain damage therapeutic opportunities. Based on an aspirative lesion of the Rat dorsal septo-hippocampal pathways, the current thesis tried to promote CNS regeneration processes by testing individually or in combination several new treatments. The results highlight the functional and structural beneficial effects of a wide-range treatment consisting of a polyamine, the putrescine, combined with an anti-inflammatory agent, the aminoguanidine, which also reduces the polyamine degradation in to toxic metabolites. In association with a biomaterial implanted as a recovery bridge in the lesion cavity, and reinforced by others treatments targeting the bioavailability of endogenous neurotrophic factors (enriched housing and/or administration of synthetic regenerating agents), this treatment reduced some of the lesion induced behavioral deficits by improving neuronal plasticity. However, these encouraging results have been limited by the too rapid degradation of the biomaterial, preventing the neural fibers from reaching and reconnecting the target structure. Given the complex intricate mechanisms involved in brain regenerative processes, the optimization of complementary and synergistic treatments appears to be essential to overcome the various obstacles opposed to the reconstruction of lesioned neural pathways
Escriou, Catherine. "Étude préclinique de deux stratégies thérapeutiques systémiques de la myopathie de Duchenne dans le modèle canin GRMD (Golden Retriever Muscular Dystrophy) : surexpression de l'utrophine par la voie du monoxyde d'azote, thérapie cellulaire médiée par la greffe de moelle osseuse." Paris 12, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA120006.
Full textDuchenne Muscular Dystrophy is a lethal X-linked childhood myopathy caused by mutations that abolish the expression of dystrophin in muscle. Among natural models of DMD, the canine model offers the best phenocopy for human disease, and is considered a high benchmark for preclinical studies. In this work, dystrophic dogs were used to evaluate the clinical relevance of two promising systemic therapeutical strategy elaborated in the murine model. A. Utrophin overexpression and the NO way. If we observed a slight but significant utrophin overexpression in the muscle of normal control dog treated by L-arginin or Molsidomin, we couldn't discriminate the same modification in GRMD muscle as it exhibits spontaneous strong utrophin overexpression. Using a combination of clinical, biochemical, and histological evaluation, we couldn't neither demonstrate a therapeutic benefit. In conclusion, the NO way to induce utrophin overexpression remains pertinent but very efficient molecules need to be developed as a very high utrophin amount seems a prerequisite to obtain therapeutic benefit. B. Cell therapy and bone marrow transplantation. The myogenic participation of stem cells was evaluated in normal bone marrow engrafted dystrophic dogs. Although clinical investigations showed no obvious improvement of the dystrophic phenotype, significant increased of dystrophin positive fibers (DPF) number in dystrophic muscles were detected. This study confirmed the promising potential of stem cell transplantation, however the low level of DPF observed limit their therapeutic relevance and impose further studies to mobilize these cells out of the bone marrow compartment and attract them into the damaged muscle
Taschini, Elsa. "Pensée sociale de l'alcoolisme féminin : enjeux psychothérapeutiques et stratégies de prévention." Thesis, Paris 8, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA080015.
Full textThis thesis has four main objectives in the study of public health issue represented byfemale alcoholism: (1) to explore the representational and attributional specificities of femalealcoholism in general population (Women = 492; Men = 234) and the influence of alcoholconsumption practices on its construction as a “social” object by comparing it to malealcoholism, (2) to evaluate, from a clinical point of view, the predisposition to shame andguilt in a group of patients with an Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD; criteria DSM-5) (Women =20; Men = 20) compared to a control group (Women = 20; Men = 20), (3) to devise, withinthe model of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB), a primary prevention technique foroccasional heavy alcohol use or binge drinking and drunkenness amongst students between 18and 25 years old (Women = 80) by testing the effect of images and texts, positive vs.negative, and finally, (4) to assess, from a therapeutic point of view, amongst women with anAUD (Women: n = 16 and Men: n = 14), on the one hand, cognitive changes through thedevelopment of addictive beliefs regarding alcohol, and on the other hand, behaviouralchanges through the development of coping strategies, in relation to the two main treatmentgoals offered in Substance Abuse Departments in France: abstinence (n = 15) and controlleddrinking (n = 15).First, we observed the duality of alcohol consumption for the two objects of femaleand male alcoholism and the major influence on these results exercised by the participants’drinking habits. Second, we noted a greater predisposition to shame and guilt amongst womenwith an AUD. Therefore, on the one hand, female alcoholism appears to be judged morenegatively than male alcoholism and on the other hand, female alcoholics tend to be moresusceptible to suffering this negative affect. These results seem to attest a necessarytherapeutic work on the affect of shame in the treatment of female alcoholism. Third, ourfindings on prevention techniques within the model of the TPB highlighted the essential roleof the framing of health messages and the positive or negative emotions they arouse amongsta specific population considered "at risk" of developing pathologies due to alcoholconsumption, even though young women consume less than men. Last, our results offeredinteresting perspectives on the cognitive benefits related to the abstinence process and thedecision to abstain, compared to controlled consumption, as well as on the motivationsassociated with alcohol consumption and its relinquishment
Rivoire, Michel. "Stratégies diagnostique et thérapeutique des métastases hépatiques des cancers colorectaux par les anticorps monoclonaux radiomarqués : développement d'un modèle expérimental chez la souris Nude." Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO1T214.
Full textJoimel, Ulrich. "Étude de la contribution des monocytes/ macrophages dans la promotion tumorale : leurs rôles dans l'angiogenèse et les thromboses- essais de stratégies thérapeutiques." Rouen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2010ROUER012.
Full textThis PhD research investigated the development of experimental strategies whose aim was the attenuation of the pro-tumoral role of monocytes/macrophages. Macrophages can be classified into two subcategories, classically activated macrophages (or M1) and alternatively activated macrophages (or M2). M1 exibit anti-tumoral proprieties while M2 are involved in pro-tumoral activity. NF-KB was identified as a key regulator to switch from M1 macrophage towards M2 but the mechanisms of action remain not clearly understood. We showed that 1) the coculture supernatant from macrophages and cancer cells induced an increased angiogenesis in the chicken chorioallantoic membrane that could be associated with the increased expression of CXC/ELR+ chemokines; 2) coculture induced a M2 phenotype; 3) tetrathiomolybdate (TM), an anti-angiogenic agent and an NF-KB inhibitor inhibited the coculture-induced increase in angiogenic activity, but without altering macrophages phenotype. Cooperation between macrophages and cancer cells induces a reciprocal increase of tissue factor (TF) expression. Now, TF is involved in the folination of micro-thrombi by activating factor X (FX) and it's known that micro-thrombi protect cancer cells in the bloodstream. The effects of an indirect (fondaparinux) and a direct (rivaroxaban) activated FX inhibitor in pro-coagulant activity and cytokine release from activated monocytes were then compared. We showed that 1) only rivaroxaban reduced the pro-coagulant activity, 2) the two inhibitors decreased secretion of cytokines
Meryet-Figuière, Matthieu. "Développement de stratégies ARN interférence dirigées contre les membres anti-apoptotiques de la famille Bcl-2 pour le traitement des cancers épithéliaux de l'ovaire." Caen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CAEN4072.
Full textIn ovarian carcinoma, chemoresistance is the main responsible for the poor 5-year overall survival. It is particularly due to overexpression of Bcl-xL et Mcl-1anti-apoptotic proteins, which thus constitute pertinent targets. We inhibited their expression by the mean of siRNA, and showed that Bcl-xl inhibition sensitizes resistant cells to cisplatin (conventional chemotherapy), the latter being able to impair Mcl-1 expression or activity. These results suggest a cooperation between Bcl-xL and Mcl-1, which we confirmed by the observation of a massive cell death in response to the concomitant inhibition of both targets. The association of these two siRNA with cisplatin avoids escape to treatment in chemoresistant cells. We then searched for micro-RNA able to target Bcl-xL and Mcl-1. We did not identify miR targeting both targets, but two miR targeting either Bcl-xL or Mcl-1 have been characterized. Their capacity to target Bcl-w has been evidenced, as well as the link between their ability to induce apoptosis with the up-regulation of the pro-apoptotic BH3-only protein Bim. Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 thus appear as pertinent targets for the treatment of chemoresistant ovarian cancers. In the last part of this work, we evaluated the interest of siRNA-based strategy in vivo, on a human ovarian carcinoma model established in nude mice. Several non –viral vectors and administration conditions have been used. The effects of siRNA have been analyzed (molecular analyses and bioluminescence imaging). These results are presented and discussed with respect to their clinical application perspectives, enlighted by recent advances concerning the use of siRNA in cancerology in human
Tatard, Valérie. "Développement de nouvelles stratégies pour la thérapie cellulaire des maladies neurodégénératives : les "microcarriers" pharmacologiquement actifs, les cellules souches mésenchymateuses de la moelle osseuse." Angers, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ANGE0507.
Full textCell therapy will probably become a major therapeutic strategy for neuronal disorders in the coming years but some ameliorations must be envisaged. In this study we have produced and characterized pharmacologically active microcarriers (PAM) that are biocompatible and biodegradable microparticles coated with cell adhesion molecules, conveying cells on their surface and presenting a controlled delivery of growth factor. We have evaluated their efficacy using nerve growth factor and glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor - releasing PAM conveying PC12 cells and ventral mesencephalic neuronal precursors, respectively. We have demonstrated that the PAM can improve cell survival and differentiation, decrease cell proliferation and promote behavioral recovery of hemiparkinsonian rats. We have also worked at developing a method using a multiple-step protocol to induce bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells differentiation into dopaminergic neurons
Péron, Sophie. "Évaluation du potentiel thérapeutique des stratégies de remplacement cellulairedans un modèle de lésion corticale chez la souris : transplantation neuronale etmobilisation des cellules souches endogènes." Thesis, Poitiers, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013POIT2254/document.
Full textDamage to the adult motor cortex can lead to severe deficits in motor function. One strategy for overcoming the generally limited capacity of the mature central nervous system to regenerate axons in response to cell loss is cell replacement based therapies. We studied brain repair strategies in a mouse model of motor cortex aspiration lesion by using transplantation of embryonic neurons or stem cells-derived neurons and by evaluating the potential of endogenous stem cells found in the subventricular zone. Neuronal transplantation efficacy depends on the capacity of the transplanted cells to developp into appropriate neuronal phenotype and establishment of specific connections. We have shown that embryonic cells grafted immediately after lesion into the lesioned motor cortex develop into mature neurons with appropriate phenotype and establish projections towards appropriate targets. We have shown that introducing a delay of one week between motor cortex lesion and transplantation enhances graft vascularization, grafted cells proliferation and the density of transplant-to-host projections. Besides, we have studied the possibility to generate cortical neurons from human stem cells as an alternative source of neurons for transplantation. Finally, recruitment of endogenous stem cells found in the SVZ was examined in a mouse model of cortical lesion. We have shown that motor cortex injury increases cellular proliferation and neurogenesis in the SVZ and the migration of neuroblasts near the lesion site via blood vessels and astrocytes assisted migration
Chauvin, David. "Nouvelles stratégies de traitement de l'aspergillose : ciblage d'Aspergillus fumigatus par des anticorps thérapeutiques et ciblage du microenvironnement fongique." Thesis, Tours, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUR3310.
Full textCaused by the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus, invasive pulmonary aspergillosis is a serious threat for individuals suffering from severe immunosuppression. In parallel of a diagnosis lacking specificity, current treatments present a high toxicity. This work first focused on the development of therapeutic antibodies directed against cell wall proteins Chitin ring formation of the fungus. Targeting of these proteins involved in fungal growth highlighted moderate effects in vitro, and induced, in vivo, a significant recruitment of immune cells involved in anti-aspergillary defense. In a second time, this work focused on targeting the microenvironment and the host response during aspergillosis, in order to better understand pathophysiological processes induced during the disease, and allow the identification of new biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Use of iTRAQ® mass spectrometry in rat and penguins allowed the identification of several overrepresented signaling pathways. This work also focused on the immune characterization of a rat model of IPA. In addition of highlighting the effects of the fungus in the recruitment of some immune cell populations, use of iTRAQ® exhibited an overexpression of interleukin-33 and its receptor ST2 during the disease. Overall, this work is bringing interesting insights in the establishment of new treatments against IPA
Faïon, Léo. "Développement d’inhibiteurs de l’enzyme MabA et de boosters d’antibiotiques comme stratégies innovantes pour traiter la tuberculose." Thesis, Lille 2, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL2S016.
Full textIn 2020, the fight against tuberculosis is still a major public health issue. Indeed, this infectious disease, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, remains the leading cause of death by an infectious agent throughout the world. In addition to this mortality problem, another issue is the emergence of resistant strains which further complicates the management of this pathology. Therefore, new drugs are required to fight these resistant bacteria.Several strategies are currently being investigated to generate news drugs. Among these, the most classic one is the development of new drugs with an original mechanism of action. This involves the inhibition of a new target which must be essential for bacteria, to cause the death of the organism, but also specific to the bacteria in order to minimize the side effects. In addition, inhibiting such targets makes it possible to ensure an action against drug-resistant strains which are not sensitive anymore to drugs currently on the market.A second strategy consists of developing boosters, which are inactive molecules, capable of potentiating the action of already existing drugs. This potentiation can happen either by improving the effect on sensitive strains or by re-establishing their action on resistant strains, or both. In this thesis, the advantages and disadvantages of these two strategies are exposed.In a first part, the strategy consisting in inhibiting an innovative target is presented. The enzyme MabA, which catalyzes a critical step in the biosynthesis of mycolic acids in the bacteria, was chosen because it does not have any known specific inhibitor. The screening of a fragment chemical library on this enzyme was carried out by LC-MS-MS which led to the identification of the first family of MabA inhibitors. This series shares an anthranilic acid scaffold. 32 compounds were synthesized in order to improve potency on the enzyme and to better understand the structure-activity relationships. The physico-chemical properties of the compounds were also measured. The mechanism of action was then explored in order to confirm the inhibition of the target in the bacteria by various techniques and in particular by TLC-14C, which can be used to study the biosynthesis of fatty acids in the pathogen.In a second part, we searched for boosters of pretomanid, an anti-tuberculosis drug having recently obtained Marketing Authorization for the treatment of resistant tuberculosis strains. Pretomanid is a prodrug activated in bacterio by Ddn (Deazaflavin-dependent nitroreductase), leading to the release of nitric oxide which is toxic to the bacteria by its action on the respiratory chain. A phenotypic screening on resistant strains in the presence or absence of pretomanid was carried out. This has led to the identification of a chemical family, bearing a norbornene ring, capable of potentiating the effect of pretomanid. 55 compounds have been synthesized to explore structure-activity relationships. ADME properties were measured and a lead compound was selected for in vivo proof of concept. For oral administration, this compound was formulated in an aqueous solution in the presence of cyclodextrin-HP and the interactions leading to this solubilization were studied by NMR. The mechanism of action was also studied to identify the target of these compounds in the bacteria
Bataille, Jeanne. "Développement de stratégies d'analyse miniaturisée de biomarqueurs de la polyneuropathie amyloïde familiale à transthyrétine." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS586/document.
Full textTransthyretin familial amyloid polyneuropathy (TTR-FAP) is a hereditary rare disease with an autosomal dominant transmission, related to the production of mutant forms of transthyretin (TTR). These mutations lead to a conformational change of the protein whose in vivo form is a tetramer. As a consequence, this tetramer is destabilized and evolves towards the formation of amyloid fibrils that aggregate on the autonomic nervous system, peripheral nerves, and organs. These deposits are responsible for the pathology. In order to evaluate the efficiency of possible therapies, we developed analytical strategies aiming at designing a “point of care” system for hospital use, which would enable the quantification of circulating mutant and native forms of TTR. The methodology that we developed consists in undertaking the electrokinetic separation of targeted TTR fragments obtained through the enzymatic digestion of the protein. This analytical approach has been developed while focusing on a frequent mutation in France: the TTR Thr49Ala mutation in which a threonine is substituted by an alanine in position 49. In this thesis, two types of enzymatic microreactors have been studied, i.e. (i) a fluidized bed containing magnetic particles functionalized by trypsin molecules and (ii) a thiol-ene-based monolithic chip also functionalized by trypsin. The catalytic power of these microsystems has been compared by measuring the digestion efficiency of BApNA (model substrate) and TTR through analytical methods such as UV-visible absorption spectrophotometry, capillary electrophoresis with UV detection (CE-UV), and liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry detection (UHPLC-MS). The results showed that the thiol-ene-based monolithic enzymatic microreactor was the most efficient system to digest TTR. Besides, during this study, we undertook the optimization of a CE-UV method which is adapted to the analysis of digested sample collected directly out of the microreactor. This allowed us to isolate and quantify the peptides of interest to measure the ratio of mutant TTR (Thr49Ala) versus the wild one
Guyot, Rodolphe. "Utilisation des inhibiteurs de l'enzyme de conversion dans le traitement de l'hypertension artérielle essentielle : analyse concurrentielle et stratégies marketing." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR2P099.
Full textLe, Roy Aude. "Elaboration de nouvelles stratégies d'immunothérapie dans les leucémies aigües." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM5011.
Full textBoosting the Immune System is a major challenge in the treatment of acute leukemias. We focused our study on acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and plasmacytoid dendritic cell leukemia (BPDCN). In the first part, we studied immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) that are currently used in the treatment of patients with myeloma and myelodysplastic syndrome with 5q deletion. IMiDs exhibit anti-angiogenesis, anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, and immunomodulatory properties especially on NK cells and T lymphocytes. We investigated the anti-leukemic effects of two IMiDs (lenalidomide and pomalidomide) in order to improve NK cell cytotoxic activity in AML. We have shown that IMiDs impaired survival of AML blasts in vitro, and in vivo in NOD/SCID/IL2rg-/- (NSG) murine model. In addition, IMiDs treatment sensitized AML blasts to allogeneic NK cell mediated lysis, independently of Cereblon, the known molecular target of IMiDs. IMiDs treatment of AML blasts enhanced NK cell functions such as degranulation and cytokine production. Finally, we have described phenotypic changes induced by IMiDs on NK receptors, and a down-regulation of HLA-class I on AML blasts. These results encourage continuing investigation for the use of IMiDs in AML, especially in combination with immunotherapies based on NK cells. In a second part, we have developed a murine model of plasmacytoid dendritic cell leukemia (BPDCN) in NSG mice. Murine model of leukemia are essential preclinical tools in the development of new immunotherapies in acute leukemias
Varin, Elodie. "Identification de nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques renforçant le rôle des analogues du GLP-1 pour préserver et/ou restaurer la masse fonctionnelle β pancréatique." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON1T015.
Full textPancreatic β cells synthesize and secrete insulin, the sole hormone of the organism able to reduce glycemia. In the course of type 2 and type 1 diabetes, and after islet transplantation, there is a drastic loss of function and mass of these cells. Among the common origins of this decrease, chronic hyperglycemia and the release of proinflammatory cytokines play major roles. With the aim to preserve or to restore this functional β cell mass in diabetic patients, our objective was to identify tools able to protect against deleterious effects of these two phenomenons, interesting in three potential targets. We first demonstrated that the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) activities, that degrade proteins, are altered in β cells exposed to chronic hyperglycemia, and correlated with apoptosis. Activation of the GLP-1 (Glucagon-Like Peptide-1) receptor, a key therapeutic strategy in type 2 diabetes, protects UPS from deleterious effects of chronic hyperglycemia. The transcription factor CREB (cAMP Response Element Binding Protein), crucial for β cell survival and function, is involved in deleterious effects of chronic hyperglycemia and inflammation. We demonstrated that prevention of CREB degradation protects β cells from chronic hyperglycemia, but not from the deleterious effects of the proinflammatory cytokines. These observations prompted us to study the MAP3 kinase Tpl2 (Tumor progression locus 2), known to be implicated in inflammatory process in other cell types, through the activation of the kinases ERK1/2 (Extra-cellular Regulated Kinases 1/2). We showed that Tpl2 is expressed in INS-1E clonal β cells and in mouse and human islets, and that it governs specifically the activation of ERK1/2 in response to proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNFα and IFNγ. This protein is overexpressed by inflammatory conditions and in a rat type 2 diabetes model. Inhibition of Tpl2 protects against cytokine-induced apoptosis in INS-1E and in mouse islets. Furthermore, the capacity of mouse islets to secrete insulin in response to glucose, that is altered by a chronic exposure to cytokines, is restored by Tpl2 inhibitor. Finally, we showed that in combination with GLP-1 analog (Exendin-4), Tpl2 inhibitor can entirely restore the survival and function in human islets cultured in pro-inflammatory conditions. These results suggest that pharmacological inhibition of Tpl2, alone or in combination with Exendin-4, may be novel therapeutic strategies to alleviate β-cell failure observed in Type 2 diabetes and islets transplantation
Richebé, Philippe. "Hyperalgésie et tolérance aigüe à la morphine après chirurgie sous fortes doses d'opioïdes : de l'animal à la pratique clinique chez l'homme : développement de stratégies thérapeutiques préventives." Bordeaux 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR21293.
Full textThe aim of this work was to study the pain sensitization processes and to evaluate therapeutic strategies to prevent or to treat such a process in rats as well as in humans. By using a behavioural approach in rats, we have demonstrated that, as previously reported with inflammatory pain, rats operated under high doses of fentanyl developed higher level of postoperative hyperalgesia ut also presented stronger morphine tolerance after surgery. The development of hyperalgesia could lead to a change in the animal's state that would be also enhanced by preoperative high doses of fentanyl. The change in the animal's state, noticed after taloxone injection, could be associated with latent pain sensitization. Electrophysiological data we gathered in vivo at D1 in rats reported that operated rats (on D0), as compared to sham ones, had WDR neurons in dorsal horn that showed a higher electrical response to mechanical stimulations of their receptor field including the surgical area. Perioperative high doses of fentanyl induced an enhancement of this late postoperative mechanosensitivity of the WDR neurons. From a therapeutic viewpoint, in animals, we tested peroperative administration of different anti-NMDA agents : ketamine, nitrous oxide and sevoflurane. Ketamine and nitrous oxide were able to reduce not only postoperative hyperalgesia induced by high doses of fentanyl, but also acute postoperative morphine tolerance. In humans, for abdominal surgery, our study reported that per and postoperative administration of ketamine permitted to reduce not only intensity and extension of hyperalgesia around the wound, but also morphine consumption for the 48 postoperative hours. Without analgesic effects per se, antihyperalgesic agents could oppose to the development of the pain sensitization improving thus the management of acute postoperative pain and decreasing the chronicisation of acute pain
Dalmon, Pauline. "L'influence des ressources et des stratégies sur l'observance thérapeutique et la qualité de vie de personnes atteintes d'insuffisance rénale chronique terminale, traitée par hémodialyse en centre ou en unité d'auto-dialyse : idéale d'observance, sentiment d'efficacité personnelle, stratégies de coping et soutien social." Toulouse 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU20099.
Full textPrimarly, the aim of this research is to analyse the impact of chronic disease on social support, coping skills and quality of life ; secondly, to assess the impact of various modes of dialysis. The research population numbers 114 individuals in the control group (without chronic disease) and 114 individuals receiving chronic hemodialysis treatment in a center (51 hemodialysis patients) and in self-care dialysis (63 hemodialysis patients). Significant differences between individuals in group control and individuals dialysed emerged relating to social support, coping skills and quality of life. Moreover, throughout the study, no significant differences were reflected on the various parameters between the population in care and self-dialysis. Finally, the results unfold in a complex manner. In conclusion, these results reflect how important it is to have a multifactored approach towards observing the observance and the quality of life to secure a personalized car of the patient
Villedieu, Marie. "Etude de l'implication des voies de signalisation dans la chimiorésistance des cancers de l'ovaire et développement de stratégies chimio-sensibilisatrices." Caen, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CAEN4063.
Full textIn, Sirikuth. "L'angor instable : stratégie thérapeutique." Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05P143.
Full textJose, Caroline. "Rôles des mitochondries dans la tumorigenèse : implications dans le traitement du cancer." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR21931/document.
Full textIn the 1920s, Otto Warburg first hypothesized that mitochondrial impairment is a leading cause of cancer although he recognized the existence of oxidative tumors. Likewise, Weinhouse (1950) and others found that deficient mitochondrial respiration is not an obligatory feature of cancer and Peter Vaupel suggested in the 90s that tumor oxygenation rather than OXPHOS capacity was the limiting factor of mitochondrial energy production in cancer. This thesis and recent studies now clearly indicate that mitochondria are highly functional in tumors and the field of oncobioenergetic identified Myc, Src, Oct1 and RAS as pro-OXPHOS oncogenes. In addition, cancer cells adaptation to aglycemia, metabolic symbiosis between hypoxic and non-hypoxic tumor regions as well the reverse Warburg hypothesis support the crucial role of mitochondria in the survival of a subclass of tumors. Therefore, mitochondria are now considered as potential targets for anti-cancer therapy and tentative strategies including a bioenergetic profile characterization of the tumor and the subsequent adapted bioenergetic modulation could be considered for cancer killing. We show anti-cancer effects of two mitochondrial modulators and dissect their mechanism of action
Floquet, Célia. "Translecture, antibiotiques et stratégie thérapeutique." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112204.
Full textTen percent of human diseases are linked to the occurrence of a nonsense mutation that leads to premature translation termination and triggers the synthesis of a truncated protein. For the past ten years, therapeutic strategies have emerged in the attempt to use molecules that facilitate tRNA incorporation opposite to this premature stop codon (= readthrough), thus allowing for the synthesis of a full length protein. Molecules currently used for this approach are mostly aminoglycoside antibiotics (gentamicin, amikacin) that bind the decoding center of the ribosome. Readthrough level is depending on the nucleotide context in the vicinity of the stop codon, such that only few nonsense mutations are sensitive to aminoglycoside treatment. To better understand the influence of the stop codon sequence context on readthrough level and response to treatment, I studied 66 nonsense mutations for their basal and gentamicin induced readthrough levels. This analysis revealed that the nucleotide upstream to the stop codon is a major determinant in gentamicin response. I also investigated the possibility to rescue two tumor suppressor genes, p53 and APC, altered by a nonsense mutation and frequently mutated in human cancers. By selecting nonsense mutations sensitive to treatment, I demonstrated that p53 and APC proteins could recover biological activities. For p53, I also determined that the full length protein, re-expressed after treatment, was able to induce apoptosis in a human cancer ceIl line. This work provides the proof of principle that the use of readthrough promoting molecules as a therapeutic approach couId be applied to re-express nonsense mutated tumor suppressor genes
Poulain, Laurent. "Etude de l'altération des voies de régulation de l'apoptose et du cycle cellulaire au cours de l'acquisition de la chimiorésistance dans les carcinomes ovariens humains : bases moléculaires pour le développement de nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques." Caen, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997CAEN4053.
Full textBrullé, Laura. "Développement de stratégies d'imagerie multimodalités pour la pharmacologie des agents anticancéreux." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00747343.
Full textGuéroux, Marie. "La Maladie d'Alzheimer et la place des polyphénols au sein des nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques : analyse multi-techniques des interactions "polyphénols-peptides Tau"." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR14887/document.
Full textAlzheimer's disease is characterized by the formation of neurofibrillary tangles constituted by abnormally hyperphosphorylated and aggregated Tau protein. Many studies deal with potential therapeutic strategies based on the inhibition of this polymerization, and show the beneficial effects of some molecules like polyphenols, but the obtained so far results show a lack of data at the molecular level. Thus, after the synthesis of, a library of polyphenols with different structures, and 3 representative peptides of the P2 phosphorylation Tau region, by following a strategy combining NMR and molecular modeling, we have evaluated dynamic parameters of the formed complex. This project has provided us informations in terms of affinity, and structure / activity relationships, and leading us to a better understanding of the mechanisms led to better understand the mechanisms involved in the aggregation Tau inhibition phenomena by polyphenols
Ndiaye, Alboury. "Les représensations populaires de la maladie à l'épreuve du pluralisme thérapeutique au Sénégal : le cas du paludisme dans la société Wolof." Thesis, Besançon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BESA1021.
Full textThis thesis begins a reflection on popular representations of disease and therapeutic pluralism with regard to tradition, religion and sociological specificities Senegalese society. Its uniqueness lies in the fact to highlight the social and cultural work in the management of malaria illness in the community Wolof of Senegal. This research analyzes the disease as the developer of a social conflict and complex social relationships between individuals, families, therapists, ethnicity, dominated ideologies and ways of acting both opposite and complementary. This is the design that communities are the disease, lies the explanation of cultural fusion is the firmament of human society and which is seen here as a triadic complex due to the spirit, soul and body
Muharram, Ghaffar. "Stratégies pour stimuler la différenciation des cellules exocrines canalaires précurseurs du pancréas humain adulte : source alternative de cellules insulino-sécrétrices pour la thérapie cellulaire du diabète de type 1." Lille 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LIL2S003.
Full textBeck, Morgane. "Stratégies de prise en charge de la polyarthrite rhumatoïde : quelle place pour les médicaments biosimilaires ?" Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAJ039/document.
Full textBiological drugs are associated with high procurement costs and heavily impact the financial burden imposed by rheumatoid arthritis on society. The purpose of this work was to investigate the benefits of using biosimilar drugs in rheumatoid arthritis patients. This work showed the introduction of biosimilar infliximab could lead to substantial annual cost savings of up to €13.6 million nationally, to treat rheumatoid arthritis patients only. Moreover, a biosimilar survey involving rheumatologists and pharmacists allowed us to identify the main issues at stake. Finally, the monitoring of their use in Grand Est region between 2015 and 2016 account for their relatively low utilization rate. The regular launch of new biosimilar medicines, together with growing experience of healthcare players and incentive policies, should allow to increase biosimilar uptake in the future, and also to make sure they meet well their commitments in terms of savings generated