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Journal articles on the topic 'Strategis and tactics'
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Hallonsten, Simon. "A Tactical Ecumenism of Shared Eucharistic Fasting?" Ecclesial Practices 7, no. 2 (December 16, 2020): 226–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22144471-bja10020.
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Abstract Inspired by autoethnography, the article discusses experiences of joint worship between Lutherans and Catholics. Engaging the work of Michel de Certeau, I argue that both ecumenical strategies and ecumenical tactics are ways towards greater unity. Seeing the importance of ecumenical tactics in navigating the liturgy, I suggest that Durheim and Turnboolm’s concept of tactical ecumenism should be expanded to include a critical discussion of ecumenical tactics. Through a short personal narrative, I explore three ecumenical tactics that create spaces of unity. The article concludes with a discussion of possible tactical responses to the question of joint worship and Eucharistic sharing. I especially look at the ecumenical tactic of Eucharistic fasting and a possible sharing of the Eucharistic fast. Through these tactics Catholics and Lutherans can jointly acknowledge the existing division in hope of greater visible unity to come.
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Syawalia Putri Chafilaudina. "Perencanaan Strategis Program Kampanye Public Relations Narasi TV Melalui Hastag #JadiPaham." CoverAge: Journal of Strategic Communication 12, no. 1 (September 16, 2021): 40–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.35814/coverage.v12i1.2496.
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ABSTRAK: Banyaknya masyarakat mengkonsumsi berita yang simpang siur mengenai pandemi Covid-19 merupakan sebuah pertanda bahwa dampak yang ditimbulkan dari adanya pandemi ini sudah merambat diberbagai bidang. Demi merespon permasalahan tersebut, Narasi TV yang merupakan collaborative media hadir melalui program kampanyenya yang disebut dengan kampanye #JadiPaham melalui media sosialnya. Kampanye ini juga dibuat lantaran adanya kebutuhan untuk membentuk brand identity dari perusahaannya tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perencanaan program kampanye #JadiPaham yang dibuat oleh Narasi TV. Penelitian ini menggunakan pedekatan kualitatif dengan motode deskriptif. Data yang didapat dari penelitian ini diperoleh menggunakan teknik wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan perencanaan strategis kampanye #JadiPaham dilakukan dengan berbagai tahap mulai dari riset dan analisis, menentukan tujuan dan strategi, menentukan taktik komunikasi dan implementasi, serta melakukan evaluasi setiap tiga bulan sekali. Selain itu, dengan adanya penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi sumber referensi bagi penelitian selanjutnya dan lebih banyak untuk dikembangkan lagi menggunakan sumber dan teori lain yang berkaitan dengan perencanaan kampanye public relations.
ABSTRACT: The number of people consuming confusing news about the Covid-19 pandemic is a sign that the impact of this pandemic has spread in various fields. To respond to these problems, Narasi TV, which is a collaborative media, is present through its campaign program called the # JadiPaham campaign through its social media. This campaign was also created because of the need to form the brand identity of the company. This study aims to determine the planning of the # JadiPaham campaign program made by Narasi TV. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. The data obtained from this study were obtained using interview, observation, and documentation techniques. The results showed that the # JadiPaham campaign planning was carried out in various stages ranging from research and analysis, determining goals and strategies, determining communication and implementation tactics, and conducting evaluations every three months. In addition, this research is expected to be a reference source for further research and more to be developed using other sources and theories related to public relations campaign planning.
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Sutton, Mark Q. "Strategy and Tactic in the Analysis of Archaeological Hunter-Gatherer Systems." North American Archaeologist 21, no. 3 (July 2000): 217–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/9ngu-qhjl-bb9l-aafr.
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Archaeologists studying past cultural systems commonly employ the concept of strategy to characterize both general and specific aspects of those systems. It is herein argued that a “strategy” is a plan; a general concept or blueprint conceived to achieve a goal. The fulfillment of a strategy requires that specific, lower-order, actions be taken. These actions are tactics—small-scale activities that generate a material record. It is the patterned remains of tactical behavior that form, and are recovered from, the archaeological record, with higher-order strategies being inferred from some understanding of tactics. In practice, however, many researchers interchange the concepts of strategy and tactic, equating plans with actions and vice versa. This tends to homogenize the reconstruction of strategies and masks the diversity, variability, and adaptive nature of the tactical inventory within the larger cultural system. Thus, the degree and scale of initial archaeological analysis should be at the level of tactic, rather than of strategy, an approach that would broaden the archaeological perspective in modeling and understanding past systems.
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Nepstad, Sharon Erickson, and Alexis M. Kenney. "LEGITIMATION BATTLES, BACKFIRE DYNAMICS, AND TACTICAL PERSISTENCE IN THE NFL ANTHEM PROTESTS, 2016–2017*." Mobilization: An International Quarterly 23, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 469–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.17813/1086-671x-23-4-469.
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We examine the 2016–2017 National Football League (NFL) kneeling protests that were performed during the pregame national anthem to draw attention to the problems of police brutality and violence against African Americans. Elaborating the concept of tactical neutralization, we delineate various strategies that opponents used to delegitimize this tactic and strip it of its power, thereby encouraging the athlete-protesters to desist. Drawing on online newspaper accounts of the NFL anthem protests, we use directed content analysis methods to inductively discern these “neutralization strategies,” which included discursive delegitimation of the protesters and their tactics, imposing costs for participation, and cooptation. Through successful relegitimation efforts, these athlete-protesters were able to sustain their tactic, even in the face of widespread opposition. Furthermore, a backfire dynamic was unleashed when a controversial, high profile opponent engaged in these delegitimation efforts, resulting in increased participation and heightened tactical strength.
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Derik, Ilona, and Tetyana Druzhyna. "SCIENTIFIC TEXTS IN THE PARADIGM OF TRANSLATION STUDIES." Naukovy Visnyk of South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky: Linguistic Sciences 2020, no. 30 (March 2020): 88–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2020-30-6.
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The article is dedicated to the study of the specificity of translating scientific texts from English into Ukrainian. In the focus of the research there is the survey of the finding in this field. There is also provided the analysis of the strategies and tactics of translation employed in accordance with the functional-communicative approach to translation studies. The research was carried out on the basis of the scientific texts of different genres (articles, theses, reports) presented in English and their translations into Ukrainian. The objective was formulated as the analysis of the adequacy of the tactics employed to the dominant translation strategy, the search for the grounding of the accuracy of the operations at work as well as the formulation of the assessment criteria. The conclusion was drawn that the employment of such translation transformations as grammatical and functional replacement, transposition and search for translation equivalent are observed while employing the tactic of conveying relevant information. It has been proved that the strategy of communicatively relevant translation is the most appropriate for the translation of the scientific texts. It is realized by means of the following tactics: the tactic of rendering relevant information, the tactic of preserving formal and structural peculiarities, the tactic of the correct presentation of information and rendering the distinctive features of the functional style and genre. The quantitative parameters of the distribution of translation strategies, tactics and operations have revealed the typological commonness of the operations employed. There has been observed the correlation of the transformations of transcoding (transliteration and transcription), contextual replacement and the tactic of linguistic and cultural adaptation. The perspective of the study of the variability of strategies and tactics in translating scientific discourse is seen in researching the distinctive parameters of the translation strategies and tactics and in performing comparative analysis.
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Finniv, Victoria. "Лексичний повтор в аксіологічних комунікативних актах персонажів у художньому тексті (на матеріалі сучасної української малої прози)." Studia Ucrainica Varsoviensia 5, no. 5 (May 8, 2017): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0009.9086.
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The article establishes the role of the repeated nominations in the development and implementation of a strategic-tactical narrative of a character. It also describes the conception of estimation as well as analyzes the essence of “Evaluative-shaped nomination,” “axiological strategy and tactics,” and “estimates speech act”. Moreover, the paper presents a typology of communication strategies and tactics, determines the role of repeated lexemes in formulating and implementing assessment in the expression of dominant and recessive assessment
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Ariyani, Nafiah, Akhmad Fauzi, and Farhat Umar. "Model hubungan aktor pemangku kepentingan dalam pengembangan potensi pariwisata Kedung Ombo." Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis 23, no. 2 (October 23, 2020): 357–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.24914/jeb.v23i2.3420.
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Keberhasilan pengembangan destinasi wisata membutuhkan analisis tentang karakteristik aktor terkait dengan hubungan antar aktor, sikap aktor terhadap tujuan pengembangan dan kemungkinan aliansi maupun konflik yang muncul. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi tipologi aktor berdasarkan kekuatan dan hubungan antar aktor serta sikap aktor terhadap tujuan pada pengembangan destinasi wisata Kedung Ombo. Penelitian ini menggunakan paradigma penelitian kualitatif-kuantitatif. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan metode wawancara mendalam, diskusi kelompok fokus dan lokakarya. Analisis data menggunakan metode Mactor (Matrix of Alliances and Conflicts Tactics, Objectives and Recommendations) untuk mengidentifikasi kekuatan, hubungan dan pola aliansi aktor pemangku kepentingan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Balai Besar Wilayah Sungai Pemalijuana, Perum Perhutani dan Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Daerah, adalah aktor-aktor dominan. Dinas Pemuda, Olahraga dan Pariwisata, Perguruan Tinggi, Pemerintah Desa, Masyarakat, Pelaku Bisnis adalah aktor relay dan Karang Taruna adalah aktor didominasi. Sebagian besar pemangku kepentingan konvergen dalam mendukung tujuan strategis yang yang akan dicapai. Temuan ini menjadi dasar untuk mengembangkan pola kolaborasi antar seluruh pemangku kepentingan yang diperlukan untuk pengembangan potensi pariwisata Kedung Ombo secara berkelanjutan.
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Petrova, Marina. "The Tactics of Verbal Countermanipulation in Russian Political Video Blogs." Theoretical and Practical Issues of Journalism 8, no. 3 (July 16, 2019): 625–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2308-6203.2019.8(3).625-639.
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The author of the article states that in spite of the fact that manipulation has been broadly studied in various areas of science, such as psychology, sociology, politology, linguistics, etc., countermanipulation (the response action to manipulation) has been analysed mainly by psychologists. This phenomenon has not been studied in linguistics yet. The author of the article gives a linguotypological description of the verbal countermanipulation tactics as exemplified in political video blogs reviewing the events with the participation of A. Navalny. A special two-stage algorithm which included a communicative pragmatic analysis was used for revealing countermanipulative intention in political video blogs. The first stage included attentive viewing of the videos and their analysis to determine manipulation upon certain criteria (a hidden aim, use of non-cooperative strategies and tactics and special verbal manipulative techniques). The second stage consisted of analysing the response utterances to define countermanipulative intention (neutralising manipulation), identification of countermanipulative tactics, their definition and classification. As a result of the conducted research, the author of the article has distinguished two groups of countermanipulative tactics: overt opposition tactics and covert opposition tactics. The group of overt opposition tactics includes the tactic of manipulative intention revealing, the tactic of making a question about manipulator’s intentions, the tactic of manipulation technique revealing, the tactic of counterargumentation and the tactic of refusing to change one’s behaviour towards manipulator’s intentions. The covert opposition tactics are the tactic of clarification questions and the tactic of repeating the manipulator’s words. The author points out the importance of further study of verbal countermanipulation from the perspective of solving the problems of the personal and social information security.
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Moss, Jennifer A., and John E. Barbuto. "Machiavellianism's Association with Sources of Motivation and Downward Influence Strategies." Psychological Reports 94, no. 3 (June 2004): 933–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.94.3.933-943.
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Recent studies have examined the relationship between motivation and influence tactics with mixed results. Barbuto and Scholl found several strong relationships between leaders' sources of motivation and the influence tactics used when influencing subordinates, but replication yielded weaker relationships between motivation and influence tactics. Examinations of moderating variables such as leaders' Machiavellian disposition were suggested as possible explanations for this difference. Several interacting effects between leaders' sources of motivation and Machiavellianism have been proposed as predictors of the influence tactic used. This study tested these relationships and found modest association between motivation sources and influence tactics. Some moderating effects of Machiavellianism on this relationship were evident; however, interpretation is cautioned given poor psychometric properties of the measure. These issues are discussed along with suggestions for research.
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Cunningham, Kathleen Gallagher, Marianne Dahl, and Anne Frugé. "Introducing the Strategies of Resistance Data Project." Journal of Peace Research 57, no. 3 (December 13, 2019): 482–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343319880246.
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This article introduces the Strategies of Resistance Data Project (SRDP), a global dataset on organizational behavior in self-determination disputes. This dataset is actor-focused and spans periods of relative peace and violence in self-determination conflicts. By linking tactics to specific actors in broader campaigns for political change, we can better understand how these struggles unfold over time, and the conditions under which organizations use conventional politics, violent tactics, nonviolent tactics, or some combination of these. SRDP comprises 1,124 organizations participating in movements for greater national self-determination around the world, from 1960 to 2005. Despite the fact that few self-determination movements engage in mass nonviolent campaigns, SRDP shows that more organizations employ nonviolent tactics at some point in time (about 40%) than employ violence (about 30%). Many organizations switch among tactics or use both at the same time. This dataset will allow analysts to examine the use of different combinations of tactics and patterns of change. We compare the data with the most-used dataset on nonviolence, the NAVCO 2.0 Data Project, to demonstrate what we gain by employing an organization-level dataset on tactics. We present a set of descriptive analyses highlighting the utility of the SRDP, including an examination of tactic switching. We show that more organizations change from violence to nonviolence than the reverse – challenging the widely held assumption that organizations ‘resort’ to violence. SRDP allows scholars to examine organizational choices about tactics, and trends in these tactics, with much greater nuance.
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Darchuk, Maryna. "Communicative Strategies in Political Speech of Donald Trump." Germanic Philology Journal of Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University, no. 822 (2020): 131–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/gph2020.822.131-141.
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The article deals with the linguistic and communicative peculiarities of the political discourse of Donald Trump, a presidential candidate in the USA. The focus is on the communicative strategies and tactics, used by the politician in his speech during the election campaign. The attention is paid to language means through which a particular communicative strategy or tactic is realized. Each communicative strategy is seen as a combination of language actions aimed at solving the general communicative task of a speaker. The achievement of such a task is possible only by using certain communication tactics. The strategy intends a combination of speech actions whereas a tactic describes peculiar speech actions that aim to influence listeners at a certain stage of communication. Tactics are dynamic, their change happens promptly throughout the communication process, which provides the flexibility of the chosen strategy. The usage of communicative strategies and tactics depends on the type of discourse. Political discourse is defined as a communicative act in which participants give specific meanings to facts and influence and persuade the listeners. Political speech is a public speech that is addressed to the audience in order to demonstrate the leadership of the speaker and influence the listeners. Communicative strategies used in political speech aim at the realization of the final aim of communication. They are focused on the future and are connected with the forecasting of the situation, that is why their sources should be searched in motives that determine human activity. Donald Trump's goal is to persuade the listeners to vote for him, that is why he delivers his speech using various communicative strategies that increase his chances of winning.
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Zheludkova, E. G., and K. M. Purgina. "Strategies and Tactics of Brand Formation (Based on the Material of Advertising Slogans in French, English, and Russian)." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University 23, no. 1 (April 10, 2021): 229–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2078-8975-2021-23-1-229-236.
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This article describes communicative strategies and tactics used by companies to build a brand. The diachronic method made it possible to observe brand development strategies. The analysis featured 104 advertising slogans of 11 companies. Strategies and tactics of communicative influence were identified according to Yu. Pirogova’s classification of communicative strategies. The authors see strategies as the goals of creating a company's image, while tactics depend on specific vocabulary, syntactic structures, and means of involving the addressee in the advertising discourse. The list of prevailing strategies included those implemented by the following tactics: Compliance with the needs of the addressee, Increasing brand value in the eyes of the consumer, Informing about brand products, Intimization, Product metaphorization and Influence on the senses. The strategy of rationality was embodied by the tactics of Popularization of a healthy lifestyle and Demonstration of practical benefits. The value-oriented strategy was characterized by the tactic of Informing about brand products. The research results contribute to a better understanding of strategies and tactics in business communication and can be used as demonstration and evidentiary material in teaching cultural linguistics and discourse analysis, as well as for copywriting purposes.
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Bronfenbrenner, Kate. "The Role of Union Strategies in NLRB Certification Elections." ILR Review 50, no. 2 (January 1997): 195–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979399705000201.
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Analyzing 1986–87 data from 261 NLRB certification election campaigns, the author finds that union tactic variables explain more of the variance in election outcomes than any other group of variables, including employer tactics, bargaining unit demographics, organizer background, election background, employer characteristics, and election environment. The results suggest that unions can significantly improve the probability of winning an election by using a rank-and-file intensive organizing strategy. This strategy includes a reliance on person-to-person contact; an emphasis on union democracy and representative participation; the building of support for the first contract during the organizing drive; the use of escalating pressure tactics; and an emphasis on dignity, justice, and fairness rather than on bread-and-butter issues.
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Yushko, Galina. "COMMUNICATIVE STRATEGIES AND TACTICS." Bulletin of the Angarsk State Technical University 1, no. 14 (December 15, 2020): 263–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.36629/2686-777x-2020-1-14-263-266.
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The article deals with communicative strategies and tactics. Speaker and listener strategies involve at least two communicants. The speaker affects the knowledge of the addressee. The addressee, perceiving utterances, decodes it and extracts the deep meaning hidden behind the close-up of the meaning. Speech communication is a strategic process, the basis for which is the choice of op-timal language resources
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Stoianova, Tetiana, and Yuliia Stoianova. "PECULIARITIES OF RENDERING ENGLISH INTERROGATIVE CONSTRUCTIONS IN UKRAINIAN TRANSLATION." Naukovy Visnyk of South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky: Linguistic Sciences 2020, no. 31 (December 2020): 388–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2020-31-25.
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The article is dedicated to the problem urgent both for general linguistics and translation studies. In the focus of the analysis there are linguistic means of rendering English interrogative constructions in Ukrainian translation, as well as the study of the main translation strategies, tactics and devices. It has been concluded that the dominant one is the strategy of communicatively relevant translation, while the most widely occurred tactics are the tactic of rendering relevant information, the tactic of correct presentation and the tactic of linguistic and cultural adaptation. The analysis of the translation devices has revealed the predominance of such devices as contextual replacement, transposition, change of syntactic type, as for the complex devices — antonymous translation and the technique of semantic development. The perspective of the research is seen in the study of the peculiarities of rendering other communicative types in translation.
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Harrington, Robert J., and Michael C. Ottenbacher. "Decision-Making Tactics and Contextual Features: Strategic, Tactical and Operational Implications." International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration 10, no. 1 (January 8, 2009): 25–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15256480802557259.
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Masui, Fumito, Kohsuke Hirata, Hiromu Otani, Hitoshi Yanagi, and Michal Ptaszynski. "Informatics to Support Tactics and Strategies in Curling." International Journal of Automation Technology 10, no. 2 (March 4, 2016): 244–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2016.p0244.
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This paper presents game information analysis by utilizing a digital scorebook system, as the first tool for curling informatics, which supports coaches and players in realizing smart tactics and strategies in the sport of curling. Our research project, called “Curling Informatics,” aims to develop an environment to support curling strategies and tactics by realizing methods to record game information, perform analysis, and provide visualization and sharing of the information.We found a significant correlation between the differences in shot accuracies and scores from game information collected by our digital scorebook system for more than 200 games played by the Japanese national class. The results suggest that the difference in shot accuracies is related to the difference in game scores. This is valuable new knowledge to support strategic/tactical planning in curling games. However, the correlation for games involving world-class teams becomes weaker than for the Japanese national class because there is scarcely any difference in shot accuracies.
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Singh, Ghanshyam. "Analysis on Hockey Tactics: Game Changing Strategy In India." International Journal of Physical Education & Sports Sciences 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 73–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.29070/13/57542.
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Trifu, Alexandru. "Tactics Supporting the Strategies in Today’s World." Journal of Social and Development Sciences 4, no. 9 (September 20, 2013): 402–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jsds.v4i9.778.
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The complexity, the variety and the permanent dynamism of today’s world (including economic domain) involve a continue flexibility and folding of the enterprise mission to these changing realities. The diagnosis of a firm’s activitiy represents the starting point in designing, funding and implementation of strategic-tactical solutions, in order to improve the general activity and the viability and economic-financial and managerial effectiveness of the firm (company, organization). In the present analysis we are focused exactly on the duality or the binomial strategy-tactics, because if the strategy means the hard of the activity, viability and sustainability of an entity and, even, of a country, tactics are viewed as the soft moves, instruments and manoeuvres, in order to help strategy to overpass each stage in order to reach the desired goal or goals (ends). The tactics have to be aligned to and compatible with the chosen and approved strategies. The case of practise is from higher education domain, with the completition strategy-tactics within an university entity. As in each case of business activity, the final goal is to win, to gain profit and to sale safety on the waves of globalization and changing world.
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Nizar, Muklis. "STRATEGI DAKWAH AL BAYANUNI (Analisis Strategi Muhammad Abu Fatah Al Bayanuni Dalam Kitab Al Madkhal Ila Ilmi Dakwah)." Islamic Communication Journal 3, no. 1 (August 2, 2018): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21580/icj.2018.3.1.2679.
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<p><em>The strategy used in the da’wah must be in accordance with condition and activity-bused designed to realize the purpose da’wah. The complexity of the problems that develop tody. Da’wah always face different challenges according to the conditions of community life. Da’wah must be packed in such a way as to be accepted and understood by the community as mad’unya. Because it da’wah can not be done with perfunctory but must be with careful planning and preparation understand the strategi steps to consider. The use of strategy or the right way is a benchmark of success from da’wah itself. But if the strategy used is not appropriate, will lead to the unexpected.</em></p><p><em>Depart from the above understanding shaykh Muhammad abu Fatah al Bayanuni contributed thoughts on the da’wah strategy contained in the book al madkhal ila ilmi da’wah. Strategy is a combination of planning, methods and tactics means/media to achieve the goal of da’wah.</em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><em> : strategy, da’wah, muhammad abu fatah al bayanuni</em></p><p>----------------------------------------------------------------------------------</p><p>Strategi yang digunakan dalam dakwah harus sesuai dengan kondisi dan kegiatan yang dirancang untuk mewujudkan tujuan dakwah. Kompleksitas masalah yang berkembang goyah. Dakwah selalu menghadapi tantangan yang berbeda sesuai dengan kondisi kehidupan masyarakat. Dakwah harus dikemas sedemikian rupa agar diterima dan dipahami oleh masyarakat sebagai madunya. Karena itu dakwah tidak bisa dilakukan dengan asal saja tetapi harus dengan perencanaan dan persiapan yang matang memahami langkah-langkah strategis yang perlu dipertimbangkan. Penggunaan strategi atau cara yang benar adalah tolok ukur keberhasilan dari dakwah itu sendiri. Tetapi jika strategi yang digunakan tidak tepat, akan mengarah pada hal yang tidak terduga.</p><p>Berangkat dari pemahaman di atas shaykh Muhammad abu Fatah al Bayanuni mengkontribusikan pemikiran tentang strategi dakwah yang terkandung dalam buku al madkhal ila ilmi da'wah. Strategi adalah kombinasi dari perencanaan, metode dan taktik yang berarti / media untuk mencapai tujuan dakwah.</p><p><strong>Kata kunci</strong>: strategi, dakwah, muhammad abu fatah al bayanuni</p>
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Plys, Kristin. "Violence as a Tactic of Social Protest in Postcolonial India." European Journal of Sociology 60, no. 2 (August 2019): 171–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003975619000080.
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AbstractIn March 1974, trade union leader and Chairman of the Socialist Party of India, George Fernandes, formed a new independent trade union of railway workers and then led a massive nation-wide strike lasting about a month. Two years later—March 1976—Fernandes was arrested as the principal accused in the Baroda Dynamite Conspiracy Case, a plot to bomb strategic targets in New Delhi in resistance to Indira Gandhi’s authoritarian rule. How did George Fernandes’ political work change over these two years—from engaging in traditional trade union movement tactics during the Railway Workers’ Strike in 1974 to being the ringleader of a plan to bomb strategic targets in resistance to the postcolonial state? Why would an activist who advocated non-violent social movement tactics change strategies and end up leading a movement that primarily uses violent tactics? I argue that in its violent repression of the Railway Workers’ Strike and its illegal imprisonment of the strike’s leaders, Indira Gandhi’s administration demonstrated to Fernandes and other opposition party leaders that there was no room for a peaceful solution to the ever increasing social conflict of early 1970s India. Therefore, when Gandhi instated herself as dictator, longstanding advocates of satyagraha believed that symbolic violence against the state was the tactic most likely to lead to the restoration of democracy in India.
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Kovalchuk, Victoria, and Vladyslava Akkurt. "REPRESENTATION OF THE STRATEGY OF PERSUASION IN THE TRANSLATION OF ENGLISH ADVERTISING TEXTS OF THE BEAUTY INDUSTRY INTO THE UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE." Naukovy Visnyk of South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky: Linguistic Sciences 2020, no. 31 (December 2020): 218–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2020-31-14.
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The article is dedicated to the problem of the interdisciplinary character which is also urgent for psycholinguistics and translation studies. In the focus of the analysis there are linguistic means of representing persuasion strategy in English advertising texts in beauty-industry and the key translation strategies, tactics and devices. It has been concluded that the dominant ones are the strategy of re-addressing and of tertiary translation, while the most widely occurred tactics are the tactic of rendering relevant information, the tactic correct presentation and the tactic of linguistic and cultural adaptation. The analysis of the translation devices has revealed the predominance of such simple devices as transplantation, transcoding, different types of replacements (contextual replacement, concretization, functional replacement). On the level of complex translation transformations there has been resumed that the most widely used are descriptive translation, antonymous translation and the technique of semantic development. The research is perspective and its findings may be employed as a means of translation optimization in the field of beauty industry.
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Benedetti, Mario. "Tactics and strategies." Review: Literature and Arts of the Americas 26, no. 46 (January 1992): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08905769208594335.
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Sung, Olha. "Translation Challenges in Rendering Idiolects of Literary Characters." Studies About Languages, no. 37 (December 3, 2020): 37–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.sal.1.37.24772.
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The article focuses on the challenges in rendering idiolects of literary characters. Idiolect as a means of speech characterisation of personages enables the researchers to see personages as linguistic personalities. Idiolects can fulfil several functions: comparative, psychological, distinctive, and characterising. It is shown that an integral character image is only possible to depict taking into consideration the specific features of characters’ idiolects, which help the reader to discern a character’s social status, age, educational background, gender, and emotional state. The aim of the article is to identify the challenges in rendering idiolects of literary characters, such as phonetic distortion of words, non-equivalent lexis, and non-standard syntax and to examine the relevant translation strategies and tactics of idiolect reproduction. Based on a comparative analysis of the original and translated texts, the research yielded a number of translation strategies such as the strategy of maximum preservation of idiolect characteristics and the strategy of partial preservation of idiolect characteristics. In the framework of the strategy of maximum preservation of idiolect characteristics, the tactic of parallel translation, the tactic of applying functional equivalents and the tactic of phonetic matching are singled out. In the framework of the strategy of partial preservation of idiolect characteristics, the tactics of compensation, omission, preservation, and substitution are singled out.
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PRAVDIUK, Nataliia. "ACCOUNTING OF EXPENDITURE MANAGEMENT TACTICS." "EСONOMY. FINANСES. MANAGEMENT: Topical issues of science and practical activity", no. 2 (52) (June 26, 2020): 149–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2411-4413-2020-2-11/.
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The article analyzes the methodological approaches to the operational management of costs, defined as tactics, accounting tools. Such a methodology should be formed and detailed for macro and micro levels, taking into account the needs of management at each level of the hierarchy. The author interprets the category of “cost management” as a process of choosing the means of influencing expenses in order to achieve strategic goals of activity at hierarchical levels of management. The essence of the current and strategic cost management is disclosed, the place of accounting support for the cost management tactics for an agricultural enterprise is determined. The hierarchical levels of providing cost management in the context of the current, tactical and strategic levels of management for managers of lower, middle and senior management of an agricultural enterprise are given. To identify the features of cost management and determine ways to improve efficiency, the financial data of Mironovsky Hleboproduct PJSC for 2013-2018 was considered. It is determined that the cost management system will be effective if the particularities of the type of enterprise are taken into account, all management processes are covered. A system of indicators for evaluating the effectiveness of information support for tactics of cost management by coefficients with a given information base and calculation methodology has been formed. A constructive scheme of information support for the tactics of cost management of agricultural enterprises has been developed. The policy of accounting support for the tactics of managing the costs of an agricultural enterprise is justified. Using the developed proposals will increase the tactical level of management by expanding the methodological base for cost analysis based on accounting software. Prospects for further research are to determine the methodology for creating an accounting information reflection procedure to ensure cost management tactics, including for various types of agricultural enterprises.
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Aggarwal, Vinod K. "Corporate Market and Nonmarket Strategies in Asia: A Conceptual Framework." Business and Politics 3, no. 2 (August 2001): 89–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1469-3569.1020.
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Despite recent currency crises, most of the Asia-Pacific economies continue to be among the most attractive markets in the world and now appear to be recovering rapidly. An important element in understanding the dynamics of firm strategies in Asia is the nature of nonmarket strategies, which concern efforts to respond to and influence the political-economic-social environment. To examine such nonmarket strategies and how they fit with other firm tasks, this article first focuses on “positional analysis”—that is, how market forces, firm competencies, and the nonmarket environment influence the choice of trade, investment, or some mix, at the national, regional, or global level. It then considers the nature of “strategic analysis,” consisting of a firm's choices of market arena, a transaction cost analysis of organization forms for market penetration, and a distributive politics analysis of nonmarket issues. These factors combine to influence the firm's integrated strategic choice. Implementation of this choice is based on “tactical analysis” that focuses on the market, organizational, and nonmarket tactics that firms must pursue to succeed with their chosen strategy.
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White, Peter B., Dragana Vidovic, Belén González, Kristian Skrede Gleditsch, and David E. Cunningham. "Nonviolence as a Weapon of the Resourceful: From Claims to Tactics in Mobilization*." Mobilization: An International Quarterly 20, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 471–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17813/1086-671x-20-4-471.
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Recent world events have renewed interest among social movement scholars in strategies and associated outcomes in campaigns against nondemocratic regimes. Most comparative work is limited to large-scale mobilization and takes violent/nonviolent tactics as given, thereby overlooking prior group mobilization and initial tactic choice. While a chosen tactic is plausibly related to group characteristics and resources, we argue that the mobilization process underlying large-scale campaigns begins when groups stake claims and assess those claims' potential. The proposed framework can help to explain both the specific tactics chosen and whether campaigns take on violent or nonviolent forms. We focus on grievances and the origins of mobilization through formulation of claims-making disputes over regime type, government composition, and electoral legitimacy—independent of mobilization—and consider how resources provide a comparative advantage for violence or nonviolence. An application to states in the former Soviet Union demonstrates the framework's utility for understanding when claims evolve to violent and nonviolent mobilization.
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Колосов, Сергей Александрович, and Юлия Андреевна Бабаева. "STRATEGIES, TACTICS AND TECHNIQUES IN SIMULTANEOUS INTERPRETING: DISCRIMINATION BETWEEN THE TERMS." Вестник Тверского государственного университета. Серия: Филология, no. 4(67) (November 24, 2020): 185–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.26456/vtfilol/2020.4.185.
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Предлагается иерархическая структура, устанавливающая взаимосвязи между понятиями стратегия, тактика и приём в контексте синхронного перевода. Стратегия как наиболее общее понятие соотносится с коммуникативной ситуацией перевода, тактика - с вербально-когнитивными процессами, а приёмы - с преобразованиями на уровне языковой и дискурсивной формы. The paper proposes a hierarchical approach to differentiating between the concepts of translation strategy, translation tactic and translation technique in the context of simultaneous interpreting. Strategy as the most general category is related to and conditioned by the communicative situation at large; tactics correlate with verbal cognitive processes; techniques facilitate appropriate transformation of language and discourse form.
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Southwood, T. R. E. "Tactics, Strategies and Templets." Oikos 52, no. 1 (March 1988): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3565974.
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Phillips, Kendall R. "Textual Strategies, Plastic Tactics." Journal of Material Culture 7, no. 2 (July 2002): 123–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359183502007002510.
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Weber, Wendell W. "Pharmacogenetic Tactics and Strategies." Paediatric Drugs 3, no. 12 (2001): 863–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128072-200103120-00001.
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Judge, Timothy A., and Robert D. Bretz. "Political Influence Behavior and Career Success." Journal of Management 20, no. 1 (April 1994): 43–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014920639402000103.
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The present study examined an important yet under-investigated topic, the effect of political influence behavior on career success. Drawing from past research on influence behavior and relevant theory from social psychology, the effect of political influence behavior on career success was hypothesized to depend on the type of influence tactic employed. Results from a sample of past graduates of two universities indicated that supervisor-focused tactics, manifesting a strategy of ingratiation, resulted in higher levels of career success while job-focused tactics, manifesting a strategy of self-promotion, resulted in lower levels of success. Implications of the results for the study of careers and career management processes are discussed.
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Vorraber Lawson, Gabriela Andrade, Gerson Américo Janczura, and Heiko Lex. "Effects of self-regulatory processes on cognitive representation of team-specific tactics in junior male soccer players." Movement & Sport Sciences - Science & Motricité, no. 108 (September 20, 2019): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/sm/2019028.
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The present study aims to demonstrate the relationship between cognitive and behavioral variables that configure expert performance by testing if training in self-regulatory processes would affect the organization of tactics mental representation in soccer. A 2 × 2 mixed design was applied, manipulating the level of training in self-regulatory processes between groups and the moment of evaluation within groups. Participants were 13 under-15 year-old male soccer players from Montevideo, Uruguay, with an average of 9.38 years of competitive experience. The experimental group went through 10 individual weekly sessions of training in self-regulatory processes comprising 11 out of 18 self-regulatory processes presented in Zimerman’s Multiphasic Cycle of Self Regulatory Processes. Greater improvement on the cognitive representation of tactics was observed in the experimental group, which revealed more functionally organized clustering of offensive and defensive team-specific tactical concepts in long-term memory after the training. Results showed significant differences in the organization of tactical knowledge in long-term memory due to the participation in a training program on self-regulatory processes focusing on tactical actions in soccer. This study extended the effects of self-regulatory processes, previously evidenced in specific situations in other sports, to the organization of tactics mental representation in soccer. The effects are related to the facilitation of learning processes caused by the use of self-regulatory processes. The systematic application of learning strategies adapted to tactical situations seemed to enable participants to organize tactical knowledge in long-term memory.
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Molokanova, Valentyna, and Julia Olkhovikova. "Transformation technologies in the processes of capable territorial communities developing." Public administration aspects 8, no. 2 (July 8, 2020): 87–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/152023.
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The article discusses issues related to the implementation of modern transformational development technologies in the field of reforming local self-government through the formation of capable united territorial communities. The article claims that today in Ukraine the first evolutionary stage of voluntary community unification has already been passed and now Ukraine is moving on to the next stage - community unification by the principle of ability. This second stage of decentralization involves a radical reduction in the number of districts through the unification and creation of new capable administrative and territorial units at the subregional level. This necessitates a change in the functions of local governments from the implementation of the existing external strategy, to structures that independently develop strategies and tactics, and are responsible for their decisions to the residents of the communities. The role and specific features of capable united territorial communities, as public law units that have all the necessary resources to solve local issues provided for by law, are described. It is proved that strategic goals require a systematic, step-by-step technology for the development and implementation of both strategic and tactical levels. However, among specialists from local economic development, certain gaps in understanding how to turn strategies into tactical development plans through projects and programs have been identified. Although project management has all the necessary tools to create mechanisms for implementing the developed strategy. It is the lack of knowledge on the practical application of well-known project management tools, which causes failures in the implementation of strategies. The article notes that the failure in the developed strategy implementation can be due to both shortcomings in the development of the strategy itself and errors in the development of tactical measures for its implementation. Highlighted shortcomings in the training of project competencies of persons related to the development of program-targeted documents in the newly united territorial communities. The development of transformational tools for united territorial communities through the integration of strategic planning and tactical project management is proposed.
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Valeeva, Y. S., and O. E. Gareeva. "FORMATION OF THE ENTERPRISE STRATEGY AND TACTICS." Scientific Review: Theory and Practice 10, no. 6 (June 30, 2020): 994–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.35679/2226-0226-2020-10-6-994-1000.
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Strategic management of an enterprise is a new and unusual phenomenon for the Russian economy. The need for it arose in the course of political and economic transformations in the country, which resulted in the transition from a planned economy, with its centralized strategic management of entire industries, to a market one, in which various forms of ownership prevail, and obtaining full economic independence. The article provides detailed definitions of the term as presented by various authors, both domestic and foreign, as well as the essence and the role of strategy in the enterprise’s management system is studied, a detailed description of existing classifications of strategies is given, methods of strategic analysis are considered, and a brief description of the organization is given, the advantages and disadvantages are determined strategies and tactics. It also provides a rationale for the need to develop measures to improve the formation of the strategy and tactics of the enterprise and develop proposals. The publications available in the studied area have a diverse focus. The basic principles of strategic management of the enterprise are presented. The main stages of the enterprise management strategy process according to M. Mescon are highlighted. The features of the formation of the strategy of “OOO Stroykom” are outlined. The proposed strategy for the conduct of “OOO Stroykom” in the market for 2020-2022. The main strategies for diversified growth are: a strategy of centered diversification based on the search and use of additional opportunities for the production of new products and strategies for reduction. An action plan has been developed to reduce staff turnover and retain staff at “OOO Stroykom” for 2020. The proposed measures will be aimed at preventing the causes of layoffs, primarily related to employee dissatisfaction with working conditions. Strategy plays a huge role in the organization, since the definition of strategy, based on the organization’s goal, allows you to achieve the goals set, achieve market share, and high competitiveness.
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Lewis, Richard. "Tort tactics: an empirical study of personal injury litigation strategies." Legal Studies 37, no. 1 (March 2017): 162–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/lest.12138.
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This paper reveals some of the tactics that lawyers may use when conducting personal injury litigation. The research is empirically based by being drawn from structured interviews with a cross-section of practitioners. This qualitative evidence helps to place the rules of tort in a wider context and suggests that tactical considerations may affect the outcome of individual cases irrespective of their legal merits. A range of strategies are considered here to illustrate how they may be used at different points during the litigation. In addition, the paper updates our understanding of the compensation system by considering the practitioners' responses in the light of the major changes made to this area of practice in recent years. It reveals how negotiation tactics have developed since research in this area was last carried out. Overall, the paper adds to a very limited literature dealing with negotiation and settlement of personal injury claims in the UK.
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Vanpoucke, Evelyne, and Scott C. Ellis. "Building supply-side resilience – a behavioural view." International Journal of Operations & Production Management 40, no. 1 (August 2, 2019): 11–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijopm-09-2017-0562.
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Purpose To build resilient supply chains, buyers should implement risk mitigation tactics. The purpose of this paper is to provide insights into the risky decision-making process that underlies buyers’ decisions to adopt supply risk mitigation tactics for creating supply-side resilience. Design/methodology/approach The authors employ experimental scenarios to simulate supply disruptions of low and high likelihood. The authors then assess buyers’ decisions to adopt supply risk mitigation tactics in response to these scenarios. Findings The authors find that buyers’ perceptions of supply disruption likelihood are positively related to their adoption of buffer- and process-oriented risk mitigation tactics and preference for process-oriented risk mitigation tactics. Conversely, risk propensity negatively affects buyers’ adoption of buffer- and process-oriented mitigation tactics. Originality/value Beyond risk perceptions, the authors consider how risk propensity also affects the risky decision-making process. Moreover, whereas previous studies often focus on a single mitigation tactic, the authors study buyers’ adoption of multiple buffer- and process-oriented risk mitigation tactics to create supply-side resilience.
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Albrny, Abdarahman. "NEGOTIATION: STRATEGIC AND TACTICAL ADMISSION." Sophia. Human and Religious Studies Bulletin 13, no. 1 (2019): 68–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/sophia.2019.13.16.
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In the article it is definite that the negotiations are the process of interaction of several interdependent parties whose purpose is to achieve their own interests. It is Proved that the main achievement in the negotiations is the adoption of appropriate decisions. It is Noted that the solution of the problem is influenced by: relations between the parties; The possibility and reality of the parties ' claims; Personal interests or interests of the team; Effectiveness of intra-group discussions in finding consensus. It has been Revealed that when entering the negotiation process, its participants use different strategies of their management, and the choice of a strategy depends on: the conditions/structure in which negotiations are conducted; Aspiration of the parties to realize each other's interests (ability to listen and be heard); Comprehension and realization of success of negotiations by their participants. It is Proved that for skillful negotiations it is necessary to have a strategy which is realized in tactics. Communication Tactics is the use of speaking speech skills to build a dialogue within the framework of the implemented strategist. It is Noted that this tactic and the ability to choose in a particular situation psychologically effective techniques and skillfully apply them to this interlocutor. It has been Revealed that the purpose of negotiations is to develop a correct and proper attitude to the interlocutor by solving the following tasks: establishing contact with a partner; Organization and formation of pleasant atmosphere of communication; A manifestation of interest in mutual proposals; Establishing the wishes of the other party; Providing a "soft" transition to dialogue.
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Chen, Jim Q. "A New Dynamic Cyber Defense Framework." International Journal of Cyber Warfare and Terrorism 7, no. 4 (October 2017): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcwt.2017100102.
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Current approaches in cyber defense are flawed as they are fortress-based and generally static in nature. They are not flexible in dealing with variations of attacks, especially zero-day attacks. To address this issue, researchers have looked into dynamic cyber defense. However, the available approaches are either only about high-level strategies or only about specific tactics. There is no integrated approach that brings both levels together in a systematic way. This research article intends to address this challenge by proposing a new dynamic cyber defense framework that is systematic and cohesive, and that integrates strategic, operational, and tactical levels. It improves the research in dynamic cyber defense by employing game-changing elements such as a contextual analysis system and an intelligent decision-making system.
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Sładkiewicz, Żanna. "Linguistic image of an opposition journalist in the pragmatic perspective." Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski 11, no. 2 (December 30, 2020): 155–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/pw.6498.
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The paper presents the linguistic image of an opposition journalist in the pragmatic perspective, i.e. taking into account the dominant image-making communicative strategies. The author defines the concept of a personal image and presents a model for describing a linguistic image. The strategic and tactical organization of the linguistic image of an opposition journalist is analyzed on two levels: communicative and textual (content). The communicative component is realized through a wide range of self-representative, phatic and fasciation strategies aimed at attracting the target recipient and involving him emotionally in the implementation of the discursive principle of dialogism. The content component is implemented through the strategy of discrediting and tactics of nomination, intensification, reductionism, fragmentation, as well as modeling the socio-political reality in the temporal aspect. As a result, the image of a categorical critic, an expert, an intellectual and truth-teller is created.
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Mousa Al Janabi, Hazem Hamad. "Negotiating Tripartite Philosophy (Strategy–tactics–technique)." Tikrit Journal For Political Science 1, no. 1 (February 28, 2019): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/poltic.v1i1.93.
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Tripartite Negotiating philosophy: (strategy - tactics - technique)
At the beginning , the research consists of four sections as follows: The first axis titled: "what negotiation", and the second axis: "philosophy of negotiation," The third axis titled: "negotiation strategy".
Down to the fourth axis which included titled: "negotiating tactic", Sajama with the past and as a supplement came fifth axis titled: "negotiating technique", to be the bottom line in the form of a set of conclusions.
Negotiation consists of a base triple hierarchical strategy - tactics - technique.
The philosophy of negotiating interactive basis of rationality.
Negotiable three parties are the position and the case and the parties involved.
Is the process of negotiating strategic recruitment capacity and capabilities to achieve the desired goal of the crisis prematurely.
Negotiating tactic is the process of hiring capacity and capabilities to achieve the desired goal at the negotiating table.
•The technique is the process of negotiating employment capacity and capabilities to achieve the desired goal at the negotiating table to contain thesudden things check response and renewed flexibility.
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Kryachkova, A. P. "RETRACTED Defamation Strategy Implementation in the German Political Discourse." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 3(42) (June 28, 2015): 157–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2015-3-42-157-161.
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RETRACTEDThe main definitions of political discourse are introduced in this article. The author also suggests her own definition of this term. The participants of political discourse use various communicative strategies in order to influence opponents. The article reviews various definitions of communicative strategy term. The author gives her own definition of communicative strategy term and describes the main political discourse strategies. The purpose of the article is to review defamation strategy implementation and to identify its role in political discourse of Germany based on Bundestag's political wrangling. The author describes the main tactics and conversational turns of defamation strategy and its development in German politicians' speech image. Defamation strategy is one of the leading strategies in any aggressive verbal behavior discourse. The research describes main communicant's intentions by using of defamation strategy. The addresser uses this kind of strategy to offend the opponent's positive image aiming to undermine opponent's credibility and to reduce his significance at the political stage. There are following tactics of defamation strategy: offence, accusation, jeer. The article reviews the functioning of named tactics in political discourse of Germany. The article describes special aspects of above listed tactics, distinguishes terms of offence and accusation, gives examples from Bundestag's political speeches. Every tactic has its conversational turns, that are realized by various linguistic means. The article analyses political comments as an evaluative lexis subject. It also suggests analysis of such turns as intensification, comment's metaphoricity, comparative constractions, that promote better perlocutionary effect.
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Badran, Yazan. "Strategies and (survival) tactics: The case of Syrian oppositional media in Turkey." Journal of Alternative & Community Media 5, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 69–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/joacm_00075_1.
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This article aims to investigate the regulatory, financial and political environment negotiated by oppositional Syrian media operating in exile in Turkey, as well as to identify the main tactics used by them in negotiating between these constraints to ensure their survival in an increasingly difficult environment. As the war in Syria increased in intensity, many oppositional media chose to move their centres of operations into Turkey ‐ forcing them to adapt to a completely foreign regulatory environment, and an unstable political context. Furthermore, and in parallel, their institutional links with the media development sector were being deepened as well. The study draws on in-depth interviews with Syrian media professionals in Turkey, as well as with their interlocutors in international media development organizations. Using Michel de Certeau’s model of strategies and tactics, the study aims at arriving at a better understanding of the complex system of choices made by exilic media organizations to guarantee their survival and achieve their objectives. Within the strategic universes circumscribed by the powerful institutional actors of the Turkish state and the international media development sphere, one can locate the agency of Syrian media actors in their responsive tactical manoeuvrings. The article contends that the tactics employed are also reflective of the identity of these media actors located at the intersection of the alternative, exilic and oppositional.
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Derik, Ilona, and Kateryna Chebanenko. "MEANS OF REPRESENTATION OF NON-VERBAL ELEMENTS OF SPEECH ETIQUETTE IN THE TRANSLATION OF BUSINESS DISCOURSE." Naukovy Visnyk of South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky: Linguistic Sciences 2020, no. 31 (December 2020): 134–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2020-31-9.
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The article is dedicated to the study of the non-verbal communicative means in the aspect of translation, in particular strategies, tactics and devices of rendering non-verbal elements of speech ethiquette while translating business discourse. The theoretical grounding for the article was formed by the works by Ukrainian and foreign scholars in the field of intercultural communication. In the course of the research there have been investigated the peculiarities of the structure, semantics and functioning of the non-verbal elements of speech ethiquette. It has been proved that the incorrect interpretation of gestures, poses, look, clothes by the representatives of different cultures may result not only in the cultural and communicative barrier but also in the total failure. The research has been carried out on the basis of the scripts of business talks and conferences in English and their Ukrainian translations. It has been revealed that the dominant strategy in rendering non-verbal communicative means in translating English business discourse into Ukrainian is the strategy of re-addressing, relying on which the translator chooses translation tactics and devices.The choice of the strategy is connected with the relevance of the achievement of the communicative goal of the audience’s persuasion in this type of discourse. The leading role among the tactics is given to the tactic of rendering relevant information, tactic of liguistic and cukltureal adaptation and tactic of correct information presentation. The most recurrent translation devices are descriptive translation and contextual replacement. The perspective is seen in the more detailed analysis of each variety of non-verbal communicative means in the aspect of their rendering in translation into other languages.
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Georgantzas, Nicholas C., and James L. Ritchie-Dunham. "Designing high-leverage strategies and tactics." Human Systems Management 22, no. 1 (March 1, 2003): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/hsm-2003-22101.
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Shingo's breakthrough improves the way strategy researchers and managers talk about and design high-leverage strategies and tactics. Seeing production as a concatenated net of operations and processes not only negates the dysfunctional effects of Anthony's paradigm, but also leads to a framework for strategic management (SM) as a well-specified net of strategies and tactics that deliver direct, dynamic and structural leverage. Anchored in system dynamics, systemic leverage (SL) analysis and synthesis can help managers align multiple, system goal aiming tactics that mix pure action with communication in corporate-, business- and functional-level strategy. The insight gained from SM's net view with SL analysis brings modern management a step closer to the tradeoffs-free synthesis to direct managerial attention to the combined effects of direct, dynamic and structural leverage in strategy making.
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Horowitz, Michael C., Evan Perkoski, and Philip B. K. Potter. "Tactical Diversity in Militant Violence." International Organization 72, no. 1 (December 4, 2017): 139–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020818317000467.
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AbstractMilitant groups, like all organizations, carefully consider the tactics and strategies that they employ. We assess why some militant organizations diversify into multiple tactics while others limit themselves to just one or a few. This is an important puzzle because militant organizations that employ multiple approaches to violence are more likely to stretch state defenses, achieve tactical success, and threaten state security. We theorize that militant organizations respond to external pressure by diversifying their tactics to ensure their survival and continued relevance, and that the primary sources of such pressure are government repression and interorganizational competition. We find consistent support for these propositions in tests of both the Global Terrorism Database (GTD) and Minorities at Risk Organizational Behavior (MAROB) data sets. We bolster these findings with an additional specification that employs ethnic fractionalization in the first stage of a multi-process recursive model. These findings are relevant not only for academic research but for policy as well. While it is difficult for countries to anticipate the character of future tactical choices, they may be able to anticipate which groups will most readily diversify and thereby complicate counterterrorism efforts.
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Hegghammer, Thomas. "The recruiter’s dilemma." Journal of Peace Research 50, no. 1 (January 2013): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343312452287.
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How do terrorists recruit? We know much about the profiles and pathways of recruits, but little about the strategies and tactics of recruiters. Such procedures matter because they help determine who joins. I highlight a key determinant of recruiter tactics, namely, the tension between personnel needs and infiltration risks. Drawing on signalling theory, I present an analytical framework that conceptualizes recruitment as a trust game between recruiter and recruit. I argue that the central logic shaping recruiter tactics is the search for cost-discriminating signs of trustworthiness. Due to the context-specificity of signal costs and the room for tactical innovation, optimal recruitment tactics vary in space and time, but the underlying logic is the same for most groups facing a high threat of infiltration. I apply the framework to an al-Qaeda recruitment campaign in early 2000s Saudi Arabia, where it helps explain tactical preferences (why recruiters favoured some recruitment arenas over others) and differential network activation (why recruiters preferred war veterans over radical candidates from other networks). The trust dilemma also accounts for unexpected recruiter choices, such as their reluctance to solicit on the Internet and in mosques, and their preference for recruits who knew poetry or wept during prayer. Thus the signalling framework does not challenge, but provides a useful micro-level complement to, existing theories of recruitment.
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Popova, Oleksandra. "TACTICAL-OPERATIONAL CORPUS IN REPRODUCING THE ACADEMIC DISCOURSE CONTENT (ON THE MATERIAL OF THE ENGLISH, CHINESE AND UKRAINIAN LANGUAGES)." Naukovy Visnyk of South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky: Linguistic Sciences 18, no. 28 (July 2019): 149–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2019-28-14.
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The article is devoted to the study of the tactical-operational corpus used to reproduce the content of the academic discourse from English and Chinese into Ukrainian. The notions “translation strategy”, “translation tactics”, “translation operation” are specified. The translation strategy in the context of translating academic correspondence is associated with the program aimed at the implementation of translation activities, which is formed on the basis of the translator’s interest in the quality of translation in terms of formal and informal-cooperative (non-conflict) relations between individuals and / or legal entities (to start, maintain and finish mutual activities according to the established educational and / or economic standards) as well as provides for a constructive exchange of information (to receive, provide, request, process the necessary information). The translation tactics in the designated format are identified as an integrated set of translation operations performed within the implementation of the chosen translation strategy; the translation operation is understood as a translator’s specific action undertaken while reproducing the authentic text in the target language. The tactical and strategic construct used when reproducing the content of English and Chinese academic correspondence in the Ukrainian language has been characterized. The strategy of communicatively equivalent translation is determined as the leading one in terms of the implementation of the communicative intention of the author (the person who creates the original text) in the target language. The correspondence of the applied translation tactics when dealing with the designated strategy has been analysed, these tactics being highlighted: the tactics of cognitive information transfer, the tactics of linguocultural text adaptation, the tactics of stylistic text adaptation, the tactics of correct information framework and the tactics of reproducing formal structural characteristics of the text. The author specifies the criteria for assessing the adequacy of the translation of the discourse under study, which guarantee a correct understanding of the sender’s goal in the target language (adequate (good translation); satisfactory translation; inadequate (bad translation)).
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Hadden, Jennifer, and Lorien Jasny. "The Power of Peers: How Transnational Advocacy Networks Shape NGO Strategies on Climate Change." British Journal of Political Science 49, no. 2 (March 20, 2017): 637–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007123416000582.
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What explains variation in the tactical choices of non-governmental organizations (NGOs)? This article uses network autocorrelation models to establish how the tactical choices of climate change NGOs are shaped by their embeddedness in transnational advocacy networks. Specifically, it finds that NGOs are more likely to adopt protest tactics when adjacent organizations – those with whom they have direct ties – have already done so. The choices of equivalent organizations – those that occupy similar relational roles in the network – do not appear to be influential. Qualitative evidence also shows that NGOs are affected by relational pressure from their peers, which alters their perception of costs and benefits. These findings enhance understanding of how networks influence actors’ behavior and offer insights into the relational processes that generate protest in global politics.
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Buekers, Martinus, Gilles Montagne, and Jorge Ibáñez-Gijón. "Strategy and tactics in sports from an ecological-dynamical-perspective: What is in there for coaches and players?" Movement & Sport Sciences - Science & Motricité, no. 108 (September 12, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/sm/2019026.
Full textAbstract:
In sports, strategy and tactics play a decisive role. This is certainly so in sport games like volleyball in which the players need to promptly adapt their actions to the continuously changing game situations. In this paper, we will take a closer look at how strategic and tactical decisions come about. Our goal is twofold. First, we want to tackle this discussion from the angle of the ecological-dynamical approach, in which concepts as perception-action coupling, affordances, and self-organization are put forward as vital elements to explain the control of actions/sport skills. In referring to animal behavior, we will push the idea that cognitive interventions are not a prerequisite for strategic and tactical interventions. Second, we want to translate these theoretical concepts into some general guidelines for coaches and practitioners. In doing so, we hope to increase the understanding that for practice the environmental constraints should be embraced in order to improve the strategic and tactical capacities of the players.