Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Stratification sociale – Conditions sociales'
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Pascalis, Marc-Antoine. "Jeunes, développement et rapports de pouvoirs au Burkina Faso." Paris, EHESS, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999EHES0018.
Full textAugustini, Muriel. "Dynamique et stratification sociale des groupes domestiques dans deux villages de Basse-Auvergne au XVIIIe siècle." Paris, EHESS, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992EHES0312.
Full textCloutier, Céline. "De la stratification archéologique à la stratification sociale : hygiène urbaine et conditions de vie de six familles ouvrières du faubourg Saint-Roch à Québec, au XIXe siècle." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28586.
Full textGros, Julien. "Des classes populaires à la lisière du salariat : une analyse des bûcherons entre emploi, marché et stratification sociale." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0103.
Full textWhereas most workers became salaried during the 20th century, lumberjacks have stayed on the margins of the wage system: in France, today, a lumberjack is usually a self-employed or piece-worker. The activity of lumberjacks thus highlights a theoretical tension: it is a manual job but it is practiced outside of the wage model. The goal of my thesis is to determine the conditions under which such a self-employed sector of the labor market can offer stability to working-class men in the working world. To this end, I conducted a localized analysis of forms of employment, market mechanisms and class relations from the point of view of both employers and workers. This research is based on quantitative and qualitative analyses of data collected during a six-year long fieldwork in a French rural region. This mixed-method strategy offers an opportunity to reflect on the possibility of the quantitative analysis of ethnographic material. The thesis identifies the various forms of subcontracting and highlights the role of the "capital of autochtony" (capital d'autochtonie) in the segmentation of the labor market: the hardest work is outsourced via the import of (often foreign) workers, allowing some independent lumberjacks to achieve economically stable positions despite the insecurity of their status. This research examines the effects of the distance from the wage system on the social trajectories of working-class men: being a self-employed lumberjack enables them to capitalize on distinctive resources at a time when the local labor market offers little prospect of upward mobility. Thus, I show the interest there is to consider these effects as a result of market mechanisms as well as class relations in a localized social space
Barbier, Pascal. "De « petits » employés d’un « grand » magasin : Enquête sur les employés de la vente au Bazar de l’Opéra." Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05H032.
Full textWho are the sales assistants and what does their day at work look like? Based on anethnographic survey (participant observation in a parisian department store and interviews),this thesis answers these questions and contributes to the sociology of work and the sociologyof the clerks. Firstly, by exploring the working and employment conditions of the salesmen,their technics and savoir-faire, the way they see their work, it sheds light on a work rarelyobserved by the sociology of work. Secondly, the thesis contributes to the sociology of clerks.It analyses a part of this group that can be seen as belonging to an “in-between” area: betweenthe most insecure job and the steady and qualified work
Beauchemin, Mario. "La centralité de l'État-Providence dans le mode de vie des étudiants-es universitaires au Québec : 1950-1985 : contribution à l'étude de la stratification sociale." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28402.
Full textOmasombo, Tshonda Jean. "Formation sociale et lutte de classes: réflexions sur l'histoire sociale du Zaïre, 1940-1974." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213425.
Full textPlessz, Marie. "Stratification sociale et générations en Europe centrale postcommuniste." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009IEPP0050.
Full textThis dissertation studies intercohort inequalities after the end of the communist regimes in Poland, Hungary and the Czech Republic. It relies on a wide range of statistical data covering the three countries over more then 20 years. First we suggest a theoretical framework in order to understand cohort dynamics, social stratification and social change in the specific context of the postcommunist transformation. Then we replace the transition in the long run with respect to social, economic and demographic changes. We show how the drop in employment and especially in manufacturing have deeply transformed the stratification process, along with the de-standardisation of the employment relationship. We show that the rising earnings inequalities come along with new pay determinants. The chances to get a job are also different. Age is less relevant while education becomes prominent. Finally we deal with cohort inequality in access to the most qualified occupations. They vary from country to country so they cannot be explained by the sole transformation. We show how access to higher education under communist rule, and the life cycle changes after 1989 as well as the changing employment structure during the last 60 years are the key to comprehend cohort dynamics in Central-Eastern Europe. The increasing female education and activity also affects males’ ability to succeed, especially since women are more employed in service activities. In the end, the interplay between age and sex on the labor market is underlined as especially relevant for the understanding of social stratification processes
LAHNAOUI, FATIMA. "Eléments de géographie sociale : cas de Safi - Maroc." Paris 13, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA131021.
Full textMattant, de Biliotti Patrice. "Les castrats, essais d'histoire sociale." Paris 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040167.
Full textUnlike the people of antiquity, who emasculated their slaves to protect their women or for licentious pleasures, European society in the modern era used castration generally only for three purposes: as a therapy, for ascetic reasons, and for euphony. Ablation of the testicles, used as a therapy since the observations of Hippocrates, continued to be employed as a treatment for many diseases until the end of the 18th century. This medical use aside, civil and canon law condemned all other uses of the practice. Although civil and religious society censured and disciplined Christians who confused voluntary asceticism and castration, they did tolerate the emasculation of thousands of children for reasons of euphony. Theologians of the Catholic Church went so far as to demonstrate the licit nature of this mutilation, for the glory of god and of the community. The use of castration for reasons of euphony was discovered, it would appear, in the countries of Iberian Peninsula at the time of the Reconquista. The first castrati singers appeared in Italy in 1550-1560. In churches throughout Italy and in court chapels, they soon replaced falsetto singers and children, who were prone to having their voices change -two groups who used to sing the soprano line in the place of women, who were not allowed to sing where religious services were held. The castrati were also talented and renowned virtuosi of secular music for more than two centuries in all the countries of Europe. Although most castrations where performed in Italy, other countries emasculated children too. The children of poor families, either clerical or secular, these singers would earn security or even wealth, after receiving training at a renowned conservatory. The philosophy of the enlightenment, spread throughout Europe by the French revolution, seems to be one of the reasons for the public's disaffection with these singers
López, Bejarano Maria del Pilar. "« Hommes fainéants et indolents, femmes dissolues. . . » : paresse et travail à Santa Fé de Bogota (Nouvelle-Grenade), XVIIIe siècle." Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0017.
Full textThis research explores different aspects of the historical problematic of labour relationships and of the accusations for laziness against people, during the late eighteenth century in the city of Santa Fe of Bogota (New Grenade). In this regards, it approaches the local and urban reforms of the eighteenth century, (The Burbonic Reforms) crossing different levels of analysis from the general position of the Spanish American Colonies within the set of Spanish possessions, to the particular forms of work of the habitants of the city. The perspective adopted is based on a conception of social interactions centred on practices; tensions, agreements, disagreements that defined through their developments the balances of power. It is particularly focused on the mestizo social dynamic that expresses the contradictions of a hybrid social formation, as well as the consequences of ancient regime colonization
Weber-Menges, Sonja. ""Arbeiterklasse" oder Arbeitnehmer ? : vergleichende empirische Untersuchung zu Soziallage, Lebenschancen und Lebensstilen von Arbeitern und Angestellten in Industriebetrieben /." Wiesbaden : VS Verl. für Wissenschaften, 2004. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40185937b.
Full textLe, Pape Marie-Clémence. "La famille à l'épreuve des risques : logiques éducatives et stratification sociale." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009IEPP0018.
Full textIn the second half of the 20th century, family education was at the heart of numerous sociological studies, most of them focused on school or delinquency. Since the beginning of the 1990s, these studies are fewer, which may seem paradoxical considering the debates on this topic in French society. The success of reality TV shows such as Super Nanny reveals the fascination exerted by such topics as a “good” education or a “bad” parent. This imperative of an educational “success” is linked to the central place of children in the society and in the family. Are families equal when facing this new demand for educational achievement ? Often addressed in the middle of the 1970s, the problematic of the differences between social classes is rarely studied today. The success of the argument of the homogenisation of educational values and practices – according to which parents’ educational styles are more and more alike, no matter their social position – has gradually led to the neglecting of this research issue. And yet, the sociology of the family cannot do without a reflexion about the way intimate life reveals, produces and is shaped by social inequalities. That is the major intention of this thesis, which – through the strategies adopted by parents in order to prevent juvenile risks and through their reactions to the acting out questions – questions the resources and effective possibilities of teenagers’ parents facing a period of time sometimes presented as the best in life, and sometimes as the one of all dangers
Perret, Sylvie. "Les Eduens sous le Haut Empire romain : recherches d'histoire sociale." Lyon 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO31005.
Full textRodríguez, González José Ángel. "Norme et transgression sociale au Venezuela au XVIIIE siècle." Bordeaux 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR30022.
Full textAn analysis of the venezuelan colonial society by its laws inevitably leads one to falsify it and to deprivre it of its vitality if one considers them, as has often been done, as a reflection of the reality itself. On the subject, we observe, on the contrary, the gulf between what is written and what actually happens as regards certain subjects : role of men and women, prostitution, love, mixed relationships, misdeeds of the ecclesiastics, entertainment, gambling and consumption of alcohol. As far as the laws are concerned, they acted more as a judiciary refuge to contain the excesses of persons considered inferior than to correct the functioning of society itself. Therefore, the insistence of traditional venezuelan historiography on indicating the norms and on demonstrating through them not only the order and the smooth running of that society, but also the lifestyle that these laws impose, is doubly false
Chauvel, Louis. "Evolution du système de stratification sociale et succession des cohortes : Grandeur et décadence des générations dans la société française des Trente Glorieuses à nos jours." Lille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIL12012.
Full textAfter the proposal of a definition of social stratification system (determined by the attribution of the social resources and by life-chances) and after the exposition of a method for the investigation of the cohort variation of social phenomena, we demonstrate that the changes of the social structure are steadily depending of the phenomenon of cohort succession the cohort who born before 1935 were confronted to a modest universe of social destiny when it is compared to their follower's. The cohorts born during the 40's had experienced an intense transition, and the opportunities to become 'cadre' (manager, experts, high level wage earners) were twice as much as the elders at the age of thirty years old, and after during their career the following cohorts, born after 1950, were confronted to a great stagnation of their opportunities. The major changes of the global social structure that we continue to measure since the economical slow down (1975) is not the consequence of an elevation of the opportunities for all the cohorts, but simply from the replacement of the cohorts which born before the war, where the popular strata were more substantial, by the cohorts bom after 1940 that evolution of social structure is developing in parallel with a specific changes of the distribution by cohorts of income and wealth, where we can measure the absolute economical stagnation of the cohorts who get into the labour market after the economical slow down (1975). A future evolution is forecasted: the ascending mobility rate will stagnate or decrease for the cohorts born during the 70's, and the descending mobility rate will become thice as much as it is for earlier cohorts
Théré, Christine. "Étude sociale des auteurs economiques : 1566-1789." Paris 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA010542.
Full textThe signifiance of thought and publications in political economy through the xviith and the xviiith centuries is generally studied through the analysis of economic writings. A sociological study of the authors allows us to improve this approach. Using a "wide" definition of political economy, a group of 2227 personalities is covered in our work. Two main aspects of the economist's social profile give interesting results : the place of living (birth-place, residence, journey) and the profession. The economic author, who is defined by the nature of his writings, could stand for a particular social being. Finally, what was the economic author from 1566 to 1789, a "specialist" or an "amateur"
Vallet, Louis-André. "La mobilité sociale des femmes en France : la participation des femmes aux processus de mobilité sociale intergénérationnelle." Paris 4, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA040183.
Full textThis thesis proposes a large research program to include women in the study of intergenerational social mobility in France. The topics studied are occupational mobility, marital mobility and the degree to which personal characteristics of wives and mothers are significant elements to understand the trajectories of families within the social structure. The national data used come from the 1962. 1968, 1975, 1982 population census, the “enquete sur l'emploi” de 1953 and the surveys “formation-qualification professionnelle” carried out by the Institut National de la Statistique et des Etudes Economiques during the years 1970, 1977 and 1985 on national representative samples (about forty thousand men and women each). Quantitative and statistical analysis uses log-linear modeling, path analysis, correspondence analysis and logistic regression. The thesis presents a large number of results which are important for the orientation of future research on intergenerational social mobility in France
Shalan, Thaira. "L'interférence entre les concepts de classe et de catégorie sociale dans la société yéménite." Paris 10, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA100112.
Full textThis thesis deals with the role of the ideology in falsification of the class consciousness through tackling the following topics: 1) The overlap between the class position and belonging to the ethnic and the occupational groups. 2) The particularity of Yemeni tribe and the articulation between the tribalism and feodalism. 3) The specific forms of the ideology as the antagonism zaydis shaf is and the antagonism kahtani adnani. The later had resulted from the relation between the zaydi imans and the shaykhs of the tribes and which has two aspects : the unity and the conflict. The rise of the commercial bourgeois, the formation of new classes and the revolution of 26 September 1962 had contributed in the better understanding of the social structure in Yemen. Conclusion: the principal social struggle in Yemen is a class struggle. It is not ethnical or doctrinal struggle. Sometimes the secondry struggle influence that struggle, but could not eliminate it
Jahangeer-Chojoo, Amenah. "La communauté musulmane de Port-Louis : une étude de géographie sociale." Bordeaux 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR30016.
Full textMauritians of islamic faith constitute 16% of the population, of which 29% dwells in the capital city of port louis. They originate from various regions, sects and castes of india and have mostly immigrated since 150 years. Religion constitutes the basis on which the distinct identity of this minority is shaped. Islamisation is therefore, an important process in the consolidation of the ethnic group, and it has taken various ideological contents over the years. As a result the group has often modified its intrinsic cultural values and modes and adopted a variety of religious thoughts. This community depicts a profound social involvement as it has set up numerous religious, social and educational institutions. Besides, on the economic front the majority seems to favour occupations in the secondary and services sectors, as well as the liberal professions, and a high rate of self-employment can be observed. This group is highly aware of its minority status in a multiethnic context and hesitates politically between adherence to a national party or to exclusive groups. A rise in islamist thinking has been observed in recent years, especially in the suburb with a high concentration of moslems in port louis
Ngayou, Gaston. "La société congolaise : formation sociale et problèmes méthodologiques : critique des idéologies." Paris 10, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA100046.
Full textIdeology is not only a falsified representation of reality but also a factor as relevant as any other factor concerning the social structure. Ideology and culture enter the conceptual structure of historical sciences which both take place at one and the same time as productive forces and significant practices in the field of social practices. All the theses of occidental anthropology on african societies reduce their structures to the ideological opposition between tradition and modernity. African societies are original formations, which lie on the articulation of internal and external factors. The general concepts of colonial formation, colonial mode of production etc. , which think together history and culture allow to express this originality
Ebale, Moneze Chandel. "La représentation sociale du planteur de cacao chez les ruraux camerounais." Aix-Marseille 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AIX10049.
Full textOur work set out to check if the practices homogenized the social representation we thought that this hypothesis would be confirmed if we encountered different representations of the cocoa planter in two groups wich can only be told from one another in that they do or do not work on cocoa. In this work, we resorted to three methods : interviews, projective plates and a test on the centrality of the elements of the representation. The analysis of the contents of the interviews has shown that the representation was identical in two groups. The analysis of the projective plates has brought to light the unicity of the representation. This has been confirmed by the test of centrality of the elements of the representation, wich has permitted to bring out the structuring nucleus of this representation. Although the ocerall hypothesis of our work has been invalited, it has nervetheless allowed us to realize that the central nucleus of the representation is elastic and this very elasticity can be found in each one of its constituent elements
Cheirezy, Céline. "Les élites sociales en Lauragais au XIIIe siècle." Toulouse 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOU20025.
Full textWords, gestures from others, few possessions distinguish elites. Their powers, reputation and influence put under their domination. Power and reputation originate in birth, competence, knowledge, fortune. We can distinguish lordly elites, and urban elites who have exalted position in their town as notaries, craftsmen, merchants, consuls. However, fortune or knowledge aren't sufficient to be an elite : spatial position in the town allow to have reputation and to be considered as elite. The composition of elites change with the Crusade against Albigeois, the inquisitorial action and the linking up of the Toulouse county in the French kingdom. But many families of elites hold one's own, in spite of the condemnation of members because heresy. This fact can be explained by strategies which strengthen social position and partake of consciousness of identity. This survey allow to elaborate a system of the elite notion
Wateau, Fabienne. "Antagonismes et irrigation : organisation sociale d'une communauté paysanne du nord-ouest du Portugal." Paris 10, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA100178.
Full textThe main lines of the social organisation of a peasant community of northern portugal (melgaco, alto minho) have been brought to light through the analysis of an agrarian technique : summer irrigation. In this very wet region, irrigation is a means of intensifying production but it is also pretext for initiating conflicts. These have for effect to reaffirm territorial and family identidies. The study who describes both irrigation techniques and the complexity of the sharing system, brings out one of the structuring principles of this community, that is rotational-sharing (linked to the principle of equal-share, not in terms of equal amount but in juridical terms : <>). This major principle is also active in all other fields of social life. Even though there is a strong individualistic context, everyone nonetheless tolerates the others because one profits from, shares and respects the same goods (water for example) and values, and as far as one does not try to stand-out from the group by selfgratifying initiatives whether economic or symbolic. Howewer, the study of kinship shows that the << game >> of distinction is nonetheless a practice. It is even thought-after : water-rights, distinct from landrights are essentially handed-down in maternal line. Their possession is decisive in the choice of a spouse
Schuerkens, Ulrike. "L'évolution sociale : problématique théorique et portée empirique." Paris, EHESS, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993EHES0011.
Full textThis thesis is an anthropological and theoretical contribution to the analysis of the phenomenon of colonialism from the perspective of the colonizer and of the colonized we suggest an evolutionary approach which permits to integrate in one heuristic scheme, the analysis of colonial approaches of different european countries in africa, and in particular, germany, france and great britain on the territory of the former german togo which, in 1919, was divided into two parts, governed respectively by france and great britain under the mandate of the ligue of nations and later the trusteeship of the united nations. This rather unique case and the abundant documentation concerning the administration of these regions enable us to specify the colonial task which different european countries assumed. In the second part, we analyze the point of view of the colonized in french and english speaking african literature tackling the phenomenon of colonialism. The study of this literature reveals facts which can only be expressed by africans. - thus, the two parts of this thesis are complementary and allow to demonstrate the particular character of european colonial efforts and the perspective of the africans confronted with occidental social systems
Reyniers, Alain. "La roue et la pierre : contribution anthropo-historique à la connaissance de la production sociale et économique des Tsiganes." Paris 5, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA05H026.
Full textTo understand the persistence of gypsies in non-integrative societies, the author as chosen to study internal dynamics of a manouche group in long duration. The analysis is based on ethnographical and historical investigations which permit to reconstruct alternated phases of fusion and fission; phases we can identify from the beginning nineteenth century in north Alsace till now in south Belgium. These phases don't destruct the group. In fait, regrouping, bursting and fluidity constraints develop a long-lasting action on the gypsy community. According to circumstances, accession and adjusting constraints product more various results on the economical level. Combination of both effects permits a very high level of structural flexibility
Dehouve, Danièle. "Production marchande et organisation sociale dans une province indienne du Mexique : XVIe-XXe siècle." Paris, EHESS, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985EHESA002.
Full textMaleki, Khosro. "La construction sociale du mécontentement en France." Metz, 2000. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2000/Maleki.Khosro.LMZ0008.pdf.
Full textRodríguez, Salazar Oscar. "La protection sociale et le régime de croissance en colombie." Paris 13, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA131012.
Full textResearch on history and economics, exploring the way how the Colombian government takes charge of the social protection (19/20century). The economic's structure, the World Wide Market, the pressure of the social groups, the international tratise (OIT UN) lead the way to manage the poverty. The social security system crisis, led to the liberal pro-market reforms (law 100/93). Social's security privatization does not overcome the difficulties. The system fits into the logic of 'financiarisation' and suffers the most upper levels of volatility produced by globalization. This process has developed a big population's vulnerability, the increment of the poverty, the income concentration and inequality. The demand subsidy and the poorest people identification created a kind of bribery that guarantees the government system. This situation and the war conflict lead the public social protection to benefit the private capital and replace social security by the social assistance
Perrenoud, Marc. "La figure sociale du musicos : ethnographie du métier de musicien ordinaire." Paris, EHESS, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EHES0256.
Full textThe musicians who build a carrier into the lowest levels of the "pyramid of fame" remain mostly invisible and unknow. Beyond socio-economical problematics, it is here a matter of throwing light on the "tools" with which one can think of his practice and his identity of musician, and so to understand which are the endogenous systems for the assessment of value. Examining some ordinary divisions in the sociology of arts ("amateur vs. Professional", "producer vs receptor", even "jazz vs rock"), it is shown how the musicos live in a context strained between the artist, creative individual pattern and the executant - performer one. Supported by the major contributions of Pierre Bourdieu's theories, the present research has been built on reflexive participant observation to approach in a both critical and comprehensive way the pragmatic link between actors/agents, conditions of production and the music itself
Ould, Mohamed El Moctar Salem. "Pauvreté et stratification sociale en Mauritanie : une analyse socio-économique de la persistance de la pauvreté dans les strates inférieures de la société." Caen, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CAEN0603.
Full textLocret-Le, Bayon Sylvie. "Les femmes françaises et la colonisation : étude de leur présence sociale." Nice, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NICE2024.
Full textNaroumbo, D. Nahendjade. "Etude psycho-sociale des projets professionnels des classes terminales au Togo." Toulouse 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU20071.
Full textThe diversity of professional plans that one may observe among secondary school students upon completing their studies has given rise to two types of reductive explanation. The first is of a sociological nature, represented by mr. Halbwachs, and explains the nature of the profes sional plan in terms of the position of the individual within a social system. The second is of a psycho logical nature, represented by d. E. Super, and explains the nature of the professional plan in terms of the psychological characteristics of the subject. The present thesis puts forward an interactive view according to which neither one nor the other of these positions is exclusively determinative of the professional plan, but rather both together. Our research has confirmed this thesis; namely the existence of significant signs of interac tion. These findings lead to the conclusion that in togo the systems of value in lome are different from those in sokode because the scholastic suc cess (versus scholastic failure) requires different plans in these two cultural regions
Blásquez, Martinez Lidia Ivonne. "La reformulation identitaire et le développement durable : les xochimilcas à Mexico : les enjeux des usages sociaux et politiques d'un espace naturel." Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0027.
Full textThis research intends to explore how the new discourse and policies on environmental conservation and natural heritage are interacting with and influencing the local dynamics and perceptions of space and territories. It is based on the case of the Xochimilco Lake, located at the heart of Mexico City, which used to be the city's main provider of water and vegetables and has been recognized by UNESCO as a World Heritage. The study analyses how the recognition of the Lake as a natural reserve have modified the practices of the landowners and their representation of the Lake. It also ' looks at processes of social change within the local political arena whereby political action have been transferred from the agrarian sphere to the ecosystem management sphere. Thorough the study of the life trajectories of local actors, the author eventually explores how the recognition of the lake as a World Heritage has foster or re-shape local conflicts over land and natural resources at different scales, local, national and international
Crane, Emmanuelle. "La stratification sociale et raciale de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (1853-1914) vue à travers la photographie." Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0410.
Full textThe purpose of my thesis is to examine how photography recorded colonial expansion and helped forge a Kanak image and identity. Portrayed in the nineteenth century as a victory of European expansionism and civilisation over a primitive and backward Kanak society, the colonial era has now been challenged by postcolonial discourses denouncing these Eurocentric beliefs. Throughout my thesis I discuss the evolution of the techniques of photography from 19th century to our modern usage of the medium which has become utterly routinised and is deeply inserted into social practices. The extensive collection of New Caledonia photographs dating back to as early as 1840 confirms beyond doubt photography's role in forming our national experience, documenting what was to the emergence of New Caledonian identity. The photographs of the Kanak were stereoptic photographs and showed them with stiff expressions as in fear of their photographers. Photographs became fashionable through paper prints called cartes-de-visites which were mounted on cardboard and featured natives in various costumes and occupations. Individual photographs as well as the group collectively: colonial photography was a tool used in the efforts to control the indigenous population. In my thesis I analyse the evolution of the Kanak identity and the process of acculturation brought by the French through the settlements by various communities, the Church and the growing economy of the 19th century. The images are fundamental to the project, being a major source tfor research and critical evaluation. It is only over the last few decades that the importance of photography as a cultural manifestation has been addressed. My thesis tries to answer how photographic evidence surveyed reflect, deny or obscure the position of Knanks within their own country and the process of acculturation and identity building in New Caledonia
Nacu, Alexandra. "La construction sociale de la pauvreté en Roumanie et en Bulgarie après 1989." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006IEPP0046.
Full textBased on several fieldwork studies between 2002 and 2005 in two marginal districts in Bucharest and Sofia and on a study of Romanian and Bulgarian Roma migrants in Paris carried out within the NGO Doctors of the World, this thesis questions the phenomenon of poverty in its multiple dimensions: in its definition by social actors (national statistics, international organizations, NGOs, poor individuals themselves), in public and NGO policies towards the poor, in the perception of the poor and their survival strategies, including migrations. Poverty is a social construction both through the phenomena of classification and self-classification it produces (at the scale of the district but also at that of the nation or of Europe as a whole), and also through the way in which poor individuals adapt to their status and give it meaning through their various practices. This research combines statistical analysis, interviews and participant observation
Warsilah, Henny. "Genèse et composantes de la société nationale indonésienne : le processus d’intégration sociale en milieu urbain : l’exemple de Kemayoran, Jakarta central." Paris 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA010555.
Full textEmane, Augustin. "La c. N. S. S. Et le probleme medical : essai sur le caractere ambigu de la securite sociale au gabon." Nantes, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NANT4003.
Full textAs the other african countries, social security is in development. At the begining, his goal was to give african people, the same rights which the french people profited. Especially in gabon, social security was always for authorities of this country, the proof of a level of development. Thirty years the independance, if some people would to take stock of situation the views would be various. We can see many laws and understructures who makes the gabonese people proud; but for the majority of them, social security is still a dream. We must change the present social security system but the economic crisis prevent from doing something to improve one's situation
Hussein, Suleiman. "Média et cohésion sociale au Soudan de l'indépendance jusqu'à nos jours." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010679.
Full textDiversity and complexity are the main characteristics of the Sudan, the biggest country of Africa. These diversity and complexity are visible in its climates which progress from the arid desert in the north to the rainy equatorial in the south; in its ethnic reality of more than sixty groups; in its cultural situation with more than hundred languages and many religions (islam, christianism and local traditional religions). Instead of bieng a richness factor, diversity and complexity of the Sudan are in their way to undermine the integrity of the country, because of the domination of the only arab-islamic culture over the other sudanese cultures. Media : newspapers, radio and television boradcasting are the reflection of the social reality. They relate real-life, a accompany discussions, show off problems. Now, the sudan problems concern the determination of "sudanity", that means the cultural identity, pillar of the citizenship. The sudan problems include, also, equal division of wealth and power, relation between state and religion, etc. Within normal situations in the country, when there is democratic regimes, media had always managed to formulate the central questions as regards to social cohesion, conduct and mastermind contradictory debates, make appraisals of government policies, explain and comment decisions and resolutions of executive, legislature and judiciary
Nguihé, Kanté Pascal. "Entreprises commerciales et droits fondamentaux : contribution à l'étude des particularismes au regard des droits français et camerounais." Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005STR30002.
Full textThe thrust of this study is whether business enterprises can adapt to human rights. In other words, can we say that the specific needs of the business world stamp their mark on the nature or the regulations of basic human rights? This issue is examined from two angles in this study. Firstly, business enterprises can be viewed more and more as subject to human rights in the same way as a natural person because of their status. Consequently, they can equally cite to their advantage the applicability of standards relating to human rights. However, it is not always certain that the special nature of certain human rights, highly attached to the human being, may really find a favourable ground when the one citing it is a business concern. But this does not at all detract from the interest of this issue. Secondly, the issue is less discussed when we have to consider the business concern as a framework for the exercise of human rights. In this respect, it is considered that human rights must not be left at the doorstep of business concerns and that the different basic laws on salaried employees and citizen workers must be equally guaranteed here. But this does not rule out the fact that some of these laws may be affected due to the need to protect the interest of business enterprises. Up to this point, the sacred nature of these laws only authorizes such infringements on the condition that they are absolutely necessary and proportionate to the desired goal. It seems such is the issue of the relations between business enterprises and human rights in French and Cameroonian Law. But there are many differences concerning the effectivity of the law in the two countries. The situation is better in French system comparating to Cameroonian Law
POLETTI, MATHIEU. "Formation économique, sociale et politique d'une banlieue : Colombes, 1830-1930." Paris 10, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA100053.
Full textHumbert, Jean-Philippe. "Les mondes de la cyberdélinquance et images sociales du pirate informatique." Thesis, Metz, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007METZ003L/document.
Full textThe cyberdelinquency constitutes an inseparable phenomenon from the numerical world, since the first hackers seeking comprehension of the innovating mechanisms of communication, to the recent computer pirates being posed as true criminals. The evolution and the current state of this phenomenon determine a true questioning on the social reality of the computer pirate responsible for the facts of cyberdelinquency. Indeed how to arrest it and attain knowledge ? To clear the keys of it of understanding, these questionings are approached by the qualitative study of this social actor responsible for acts of computer spitefulness. This research carries specifically the identification of the building processes of the social signification of the computer pirate. We'll answer mainly this question : can we speak, not of a normalized social picture, but rather the existence of several social pictures ? To allow an understanding study, the object will be declined via the reference frame of the concept of "social world". The analysis concerns firstly the social perception of cyberdelinquency, by determining its constructed picture. A second instant is dedicated to the communicative approach of this social context of the cyberdelinquency, declining the media picture predominant as for the signification of the computer pirate. Finally, to anticipate social perception in building of the computer pirate, a last party dedicates itself to a possible integrated approach of social pictures of the computer pirate, via different social worlds of the cyberdelinquency. These three keys of understanding aim at determine the phenomenon of cyberdelinquency better and his main actors, in building socially, across an intercultural dimension
Oberti, Marco. "Sociétés, localités et classes sociales en Italie : une réflexion sur la territorialisation des formations sociales." Paris 10, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA100042.
Full textWetshay, Ikonga. "Crise sociale et valeurs africaines : pour un apport de l'oeuvre de Paul Tillich à la théologie africaine de reconstruction sociale." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0004/NQ43127.pdf.
Full textCourtois, Aline. "La formation des élites irlandaises : privilège, pouvoir et excellence dans les lycées privés irlandais." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010033.
Full textSerrier, Ronan. "Contribution à la notion de frontière sociale : les volontaires non juifs au kibboutz." Paris, EHESS, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990EHES0046.
Full textTHE CROSS CULTURAL ENCOUNTER BETWEEN VOLUNTEERS AND KIBBUTZNIKS IS ALMOST ALWAYS UNSUCCESSFUL DUE TO A SOCIAL BOUNDARY DIVIDING THE TWO GROUPS. TODAY, THE KIBBUTZ IS EXPERIENCING A CRISIS, IT IS NOTICEABLE IN THE ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE VOLUNTEERS. THE MORE THE GAP IS BROADENED BETWEEN DECLARED VALUES AND VALUES EXPRESSED DAILY, THE MORE TENSION MOUNTS IN THE KIBBUTZ. VOLUNTEERS THEN BECOME THE SCAPEGOATS. IN THE SITUATION WHERE KIBBUTZNIKS ARE LESS AND LESS ABLE TO DIFFERENTIATE WITH THE OUTSIDE THE SOCIAL BOUNDARY ASSURES SYMBOLICLY THE KIBBUTZ IDENTITY. THIS SURVEY LEADS TO THE REJECTION OF THE PROPOSAL ACCORDING TO WICH CONTACTS, PROXIMITY PROMOTE CULTURAL EXCHANGES AND GOOD RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN DIFFERENT GROUPS. ON THE CONTRARY, IT SHOWS THAT THEY CAN strengthEN, EVEN IN THE FRAME OF COLLABORATION, BAD ATTITUDES AND NEGATIVE OPINIONS TOWARDS EACH OTHER
Diasson, Pierre José Batista. "Pouvoir politique et organisation sociale chez les Bakongo de l'Angola." Paris 8, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA082189.
Full textThis thesis is divided into two parts : the first part concentrates on the evolution of political power and social structure amongst the Bakongo people and the second part discusses religious, political and social structure and the different alliances found in this society. Thse themes will be explored over seven chapters. The thesis concerns the progression of the political power and social structure of the Bakongo people of Angola through several different indicators : continuity, transition and transformation, due both to the impact of European colonisation and to the ever-increasing effects of globalisation. We took as our starting point the model of the traditional and modern political conceptions and practices as a point of intersection for social groups involved in alliance tactics between their political leaders, with regard to their respective backgrounds or social origins. The sectrum of alliances present in our study in the form ot typology (and not only of a classifying process), is shaped by matrimonial associations, in the sense that the ties of marriage between two people pertaining to two distinct social groups impose an element of stability in the exercice and practice of political power and the contractual links between social and religious groups or political parties. Between social organisation and the political organisation, the religion principally the messianism may be analysis in term of mediation
Jing, Xuewen. "La Croissance économique et le bonheur : le système de protection sociale en Chine et les idées inspirées de l'Europe." Paris 8, 2009. http://octaviana.fr/document/150239548#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textThis thesis is dedicated to the welfare system in China and the inspired ideas of Europe, rather in the social sciences, not for technical methods. We support a role for social protection during the modernization of China. Currently the issue of social protection is at the heart of Chinese society. Three reasons for this unprecedented attention paid to social protection system in China : first, we often find the absence of a policy of welfare for the population and secondly, economic growth brings a revival of ideology, many Chinese turning their attention to certain social problems to build a democratic society that a welfare state can be established, and thirdly, the history of Europe shows that social protection is an economic investment. A relatively just society through a system of comprehensive social protection is a sound basis for economic construction. The European social model is distinguished by a high level of social protection. But the level of the Chinese system is too low, especially in vast rural areas, there is almost no social protection. The purpose of economic growth is to make the happiness of the population. In a context of radical social change, China needs to catch up on social protection by the functions of the State
Nassiet, Michel. "La reproduction d'une categorie sociale : la petite noblesse de Haute-Betagne XVe-XVIIIe siècles." Paris 4, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA040109.
Full textBut during the xvith and xviith centuries the breton nobility lost 45% of its members (8600 families at least in 1480, 4700 around 1700). Prices, known from an indeed secured the nobility of the maintened families
Saidi, Mohamed-Raouf. "De la pauvreté à la précarité : champs discursifs et réalité empirique : approche de la précarité à travers l'appropriation d'un programme de lutte contre la pauvreté à Sidi Bouzid (Tunisie)." Paris 10, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA100010.
Full textSpeeches about "poverty" in Tunisia are charged with meaning. Beyond the different methods and concepts used by each enunciator to define poverty and to identify poor people, the varions competitive discourses provide information about the political, social and ideological contingencies which intervene and transform the debate to a field of a gaine carrying stakes. Dorninated by the State reasoning and_ bv the quantitative logic, this field tends to exclude and flot legitimize the social agents which daim - knowingly or not - to change the rules of the gaine, and this in particular when these agents do not have the social and/or cultural required qualities for being recognized. The speech of the beneficiaries of the "Programme of the productive family" for the fight against poverty in Tunisia (1977-1986) is often marginalized. It reveals however the empirical dimension which misses from the debate and reveals the constraints, expectations and the strategies of small farmers in a precariousness situation. The analysis of the practical modes of appropriation of the Program by 135 beneficiaries familles living in the Governorship of Sidi Bouzid (in the Mid-west of Tunisia) confirms the interest of their speeches in general, and more particular the multidimensional nature of the constraints to which they are confronted with. . . Constraints whose internalization participates to the creation of an habitus which is at the origin of the subsistence strategies worked out by the interested people to struggle through