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McAnany, Patricia A., and Ian Hodder. "Thinking about stratigraphic sequence in social terms." Archaeological Dialogues 16, no. 1 (2009): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1380203809002748.
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AbstractFor archaeologists, stratification is an important character of archaeological deposits. Through it, layering is discerned and cultural and evolutionary interpretations are proposed. Archaeologists possess much implicit knowledge about the social practices that produce stratigraphic sequence and the specific, contextualized manner in which layers were built upon or cut into previous deposits. The aim of this paper is to gather together and formalize this knowledge so as to codify conceptual ‘tools to think by’ when recording and interpreting stratigraphy. Relevant literature is widely dispersed and here can only be sampled; authors consider stratigraphy in terms of (1) techniques of terraforming, (2) processes enacted and (3) meaning and interpretation. Techniques and processes are discussed within larger social interpretations such as memory, history-building, forgetting, renewing, cleansing and destroying. Examples are drawn from the Turkish Neolithic site of Çatalhöyük and the ancestral Maya site of K'axob in Belize, Central America, to illustrate the applicability of an approach that here is called ‘social stratigraphy’. A practice-based history of stratigraphy – the recording and interpretation of strata – within archaeology is problematized in reference to codependence with geology, the deployment of labour and centralized authority within the emergent 19th- to early 20th-century field of archaeology. The contributions of and conflicts between British and American stratigraphic schools are considered in light of a potential rapprochement. Contested issues of cultural heritage – such as preservation of selected strata – suggest that thinking about stratigraphic sequence in social terms is more than an academic exercise.
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Sharpe, David R., and Peter J. Barnett. "Significance of Sedimentological Studies on the Wisconsinan Stratigraphy of Southern Ontario." Géographie physique et Quaternaire 39, no. 3 (2007): 255–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/032607ar.
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ABSTRACTDetailed facies mapping along Lake Erie and Lake Ontario Bluffs, plus other studies illustrate that sedimentological studies, especially those with geomorphic or landform control, have had three main effects on the Wisconsinan stratigraphy of Ontario: (1) improved understanding of depositional processes and environments of several major rock stratigraphic units, without altering the stratigraphic framework, (2) aided correlation of drift sequences, and (3) questioned previous interpretations and stratigraphic correlations of drift sequences. Thus sedimentological analysis can not be separated from stratigraphy because the interpretation of depositional environnments of many mapped strata relies on their geometry and the inclusion of regional data. The geomorphic control provided by sedimentological study of surface landforms is also important because assessment of older buried sediments such as those at the Scarborough Bluffs has been hampered by the failure to determine landform control. The Late Wisconsinan stratigraphy of Southern Ontario generally remains unchanged, except for questions on the role of climate versus ice margin dynamics. The pre-Late Wisconsinan stratigraphy is scarce and not well defined, yet sedimentary studies support the presence of glacial ice in the Ontario Lake basin for all of the Middle Wisconsinan and possibly earlier, including the formation of the Scarborough delta. Large channel cut and fill sequences in the Toronto area (Pottery Road Formation), initially interpreted as resulting from subaerial erosion, were probably formed by subaqueous or subglacial meltwater erosion. If so, the pre-Late Wisconsinan stratigraphy in southern Ontario changes because the Pottery Road Formation may not be an Early Wisconsinan correlative of the St. Pierre beds. The channel example illustrates that stratigraphie correlation without sedimentological investigations may be misleading.
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Krayenbuehl, Thomas, Nadeem Balushi, and Stephane Gesbert. "Novel geometric classification of 3D seismic and its application to the Habshan clinoforms of Western Oman." Leading Edge 40, no. 3 (2021): 186–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/tle40030186.1.
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The principles and benefits of seismic sequence stratigraphy have withstood the test of time, but the application of seismic sequence stratigraphy is still carried out mostly manually. Several tool kits have been developed to semiautomatically extract dense stacks of horizons from seismic data, but they stop short of exploiting the full potential of seismo-stratigraphic models. We introduce novel geometric seismic attributes that associate relative geologic age models with seismic geomorphological models. We propose that a relative sea level curve can be derived from the models. The approach is demonstrated on a case study from the Lower Cretaceous Kahmah Group in the northwestern part of Oman where it helps in sweet-spotting and derisking elusive stratigraphic traps.
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Hart, Bruce S. "Whither seismic stratigraphy?" Interpretation 1, no. 1 (2013): SA3—SA20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2013-0049.1.
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Here, I provide an historical summary of seismic stratigraphy and suggest some potential avenues for future collaborative work between sedimentary geologists and geophysicists. Stratigraphic interpretations based on reflection geometry- or shape-based approaches have been used to reconstruct depositional histories and to make qualitative and (sometimes) quantitative predictions of rock physical properties since at least the mid-1970s. This is the seismic stratigraphy that is usually practiced by geology-focused interpreters. First applied to 2D seismic data, interest in seismic stratigraphy was reinvigorated by the development of seismic geomorphology on 3D volumes. This type of reflection geometry/shape-based interpretation strategy is a fairly mature science that includes seismic sequence analysis, seismic facies analysis, reflection character analysis, and seismic geomorphology. Rock property predictions based on seismic stratigraphic interpretations usually are qualitative, and reflection geometries commonly may permit more than one interpretation. Two geophysics-based approaches, practiced for nearly the same length of time as seismic stratigraphy, have yet to gain widespread adoption by geologic interpreters even though they have much potential application. The first is the use of seismic attributes for “feature detection,” i.e., helping interpreters to identify stratigraphic bodies that are not readily detected in conventional amplitude displays. The second involves rock property (lithology, porosity, etc.) predictions from various inversion methods or seismic attribute analyses. Stratigraphers can help quality check the results and learn about relationships between depositional features and lithologic properties of interest. Stratigraphers also can contribute to a better seismic analysis by helping to define the effects of “stratigraphy” (e.g., laminations, porosity, bedding) on rock properties and seismic responses. These and other seismic-related pursuits would benefit from enhanced collaboration between sedimentary geologists and geophysicists.
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Michelsen, Olaf. "Stratigraphic correlation of the Danish onshore and offshore Tertiary successions based on sequence stratigraphy." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark 41 (November 30, 1994): 145–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.37570/bgsd-1995-41-14.
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The results of a sequence stratigraphic study of the Tertiary sedimentary succession in the Danish North Sea sector, and the adjacent parts of the Norwegian, German, and Dutch sectors are reviewed in the present paper. Lithology and thickness variations of seven major sequence stratigraphic units, comprising twentyone sequences, are shortly described. The chronostratigraphic and genetic relationships between the North Sea sequences and the Danish onshore lithostratigraphic formations are emphasized. Six major sequence stratigraphic boundaries are pointed out, being time-equivalent with regional unconformities in the onshore area. The six surfaces bound five sedimentary packages, which are isochronous in their recognized lateral extension, and comprise genetically related deposits. It is suggested to define the five units as allostratigraphic units, and thus to create a stratigraphic subdivision, which is mappable in the southeastern North Sea region, possibly in the main part of the North Sea. The five allostratigraphic units can be identified in all areas by the available data; seismic sections and logs in the offshore area, and lithology in onshore outcrops and shallow wells. The definition of an allostratigraphic scheme would create a common nomenclature across the national borders and the present coastlines, and hopefully increase the accuracy of the chronostratigraphic correlation between profiles in the North Sea region.
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Konradi, P. "Cenozoic stratigraphy in the Danish North Sea Basin." Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 84, no. 2 (2005): 109–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001677460002299x.
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AbstractThis paper provides a concise review of investigations into the Cenozoic stratigraphy of the Danish North Sea Basin. In the Danish North Sea, mainly Pliocene and Pleistocene strata are found. Results of published seismic and sequence stratigraphic analyses are combined with biostratigraphic analyses and correlated to marine formations found onshore.
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Qu, Quan Gong, and Feng Yun Zhu. "Study on Stratigraphy Correlation of EPC Oilfield in Mexico." Advanced Materials Research 1073-1076 (December 2014): 2252–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1073-1076.2252.
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Stratigraphy correlation is the basis of study on oilfield reservoir characterization. According to region study results, marine environments correlation pattern were used in EPC Oilfield, stratigraphic sequence were summarized, based on the feature of lithology and responding of core data and wired logging data, correlation markers were summarized in each sequence, formation distribution were described based on the zonation, geology model were summarized for the main oil bearing formation. Following study on reservoir were based on these results.
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Borgomano, Jean, Cyprien Lanteaume, Philippe Léonide, François Fournier, Lucien F. Montaggioni, and Jean-Pierre Masse. "Quantitative carbonate sequence stratigraphy: Insights from stratigraphic forward models." AAPG Bulletin 104, no. 5 (2020): 1115–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1306/11111917396.
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Zhemchugova, Valentina A., Vadim V. Rybalchenko, and Tatiana A. Shardanova. "Sequence-stratigraphic model of the West Siberia Lower Cretaceous." Georesursy 23, no. 2 (2021): 179–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.18599/grs.2021.2.18.
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Apparently, conceptual base of the sequence stratigraphy is one of the most acknowledged methodologies in the geological world at the present time for the sedimentary strata structure prediction. It is based on the complex analysis of the seismic, stratigraphic and sedimentary data on the depositional bodies where the structure and facies filling is regulated by the relative sea level changes. The Lower Cretaceous section of the Western Siberia in this regard is the unique object, as it is represented by the full range of the clastic depositional environments – from relatively deep-water to the continental, which are very sensitive to the conditions changes. Sequence-stratigraphic analysis results can be used to complete the pragmatic tasks in the petroleum geology as the analysis is based on the reconstruction of the sedimentogenesis processes in the past, and the understanding of that processes is the key to the generalized depositional model development. This model can be used to create the models, which can be applied to the unique local objects that occur in the Lower Cretaceous section.
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Alsop, G. I. "The geometry and structural evolution of a crustal-scale Caledonian fold complex: the Ballybofey Nappe, northwest Ireland." Geological Magazine 131, no. 4 (1994): 519–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756800012139.
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AbstractThe gross geometries exhibited by crustal-scale fold nappes are considered a consequence of both original stratigraphic relationships associated with sub-basin configuration, coupled with the nature of the structural regime and tectonic processes involved in the generation of the nappe pile. The Neo-Proterozoic Dalradian metasediments of northwestern Ireland provide a well-constrained and correlatable stratigraphy which defines a sequence of sub-reclined, tight-isoclinal Caledonian (c. 460 Ma) fold nappes. Within this fold complex, the dominant structure is the crustal-scale Ballybofey Nappe, which may be traced for 40 km along strike and is responsible for a regional (500 km2) stratigraphie inversion. The gentle, NE-plunging attitude of this fold results in a complete spectrum of tectonic levels and deformation gradients being exposed. Relatively low strains in the upper fold limb gradually increase down through the nappe, resulting in the generation of composite foliations and lineations and the development of a 10 km thick shear zone which culminates in a high strain basal detachment with underlying pre-Caledonian basement. The Ballybofey Nappe nucleated and propagated along a major zone of lateral sedimentary facies variation, coincident with the margin of a major Dalradian sub-basin. The large amplitude of the nappe is strongly influenced by the lateral heterogeneity within the metasedimentary sequence, and is associated with a minimum of 25–30 km ESE-directed translation concentrated within the overturned limb. Additional significant displacement is also focused along the basal décollement. Generation of the nappe complex resulted in significant crustal thickening and amphibolite facies metamorphism consistent with 15–18 km of burial, induced by a sequence of nappes propagating in the direction of overshear. The ESE-directed translation of the major fold nappes is away from the Caledonian foreland and a gravity-driven mechanism of nappe emplacement is suggested. Rigorous structural analysis within the cohesive stratigraphie framework enables relationships between the tectonic evolution and stratigraphic patterns to be distinguished, thus allowing models of fold nappe generation and mid-crustal deformation to be evaluated.
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Miall, Andrew D. "Logan Medallist 3. Making Stratigraphy Respectable: From Stamp Collecting to Astronomical Calibration." Geoscience Canada 42, no. 3 (2015): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.12789/geocanj.2015.42.072.
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The modern science of stratigraphy is founded on a nineteenth-century empirical base – the lithostratigraphy and biostratigraphy of basin-fill successions. This stratigraphic record comprises the most complete data set available for reconstructing the tectonic and climatic history of Earth. However, it has taken two hundred years of evolution of concepts and methods for the science to evolve from what Ernest Rutherford scornfully termed “stamp collecting” to a modern dynamic science characterized by an array of refined methods for documenting geological rates and processes. Major developments in the evolution of the science of stratigraphy include the growth of an ever-more precise geological time scale, the birth of sedimentology and basin-analysis methods, the influence of plate tectonics and, most importantly, the development, since the late 1970s, of the concepts of sequence stratigraphy. Refinements in these concepts have required the integration of all pre-existing data and methods into a modern, multidisciplinary approach, as exemplified by the current drive to apply the retrodicted history of Earth’s orbital behaviour to the construction of a high-precision ‘astrochronological’ time scale back to at least the Mesozoic record. At its core, stratigraphy, like much of geology, is a field-based science. The field context of a stratigraphic sample or succession remains the most important starting point for any advanced mapping, analytical or modeling work.RÉSUMÉLa science moderne de la stratigraphie repose sur une base empirique du XIXe siècle, soit la lithostratigraphie et la biostratigraphie de successions de remplissage de bassins sédimentaires. Cette archive stratigraphique est constituée de la base de données la plus complète permettant de reconstituer l’histoire tectonique et climatique de la Terre. Cela dit, il aura fallu deux cents ans d’évolution des concepts et des méthodes pour que cette activité passe de l’état de « timbromanie », comme disait dédaigneusement Ernest Rutherford, à l’état de science moderne dynamique caractérisée par sa panoplie de méthodes permettant de documenter les rythmes et processus géologiques. Les principaux développements de l’évolution de la science de la stratigraphie proviennent de l’élaboration d’une échelle géologique toujours plus précise, l’avènement de la sédimentologie et des méthodes d’analyse des bassins, de l’influence de la tectonique des plaques et, surtout du développement depuis la fin des années 1970, des concepts de stratigraphie séquentielle. Des raffinements dans ces concepts ont nécessité l'intégration de toutes les données et méthodes existantes dans une approche moderne, multidisciplinaire, comme le montre ce mouvement actuel qui entend utiliser la reconstitution de l’histoire du comportement orbital de la Terre pour l’élaboration d’une échelle temporelle « astrochronologique » de haute précision, remontant jusqu’au Mésozoïque au moins. Comme pour la géologie, la stratigraphie est une science de terrain. Le contexte de terrain d’un échantillon stratigraphique ou d’une succession demeure le point de départ le plus important, pour tout travail sérieux de cartographie, d’analyse ou de modélisation.
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Wharton, Stanley Rich. "The Rimthan Arch, basin architecture, and stratigraphic trap potential in Saudi Arabia." Interpretation 5, no. 4 (2017): T563—T578. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2017-0033.1.
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The Rimthan Arch, situated between the Arabian carbonate platform and the Gotnia intrashelf basin, represents a world class hydrocarbon province in Saudi Arabia. Middle to Upper Jurassic shallow-water depositional sequences are associated with productive hydrocarbon fields in which challenges exist in defining exploration targets, mainly stratigraphic trap plays. An attempt is made to investigate the basin depositional architecture on the flank of the Arch and also to model the stratigraphic trap potential of the youngest Arab third-order sequence. The basin architecture, stratal geometries, and impact of tectonics are explored using 3D seismic and well data. Seismic chronostratigraphy, seismic stratigraphy, seismic attribute, and log-based reservoir heterogeneity techniques are applied as an integrated approach to interpret the sequences from basin to reservoir scale. The study identifies two second-order sequences, SEQ 1 and SEQ 2, to frame a 3D geologic model and to examine basin development through time. Results derived from the integrated study indicate that although initial basin subsidence began later in SEQ 1 north of the Arch, it increased appreciably during SEQ 2. The Dhruma J20 maximum flooding surface, Lower Fadhili, and Hanifa provide clues in tracking major basin changes. Seismic stratigraphy applications highlight reflection terminations and prograding stratal geometries throughout the stratigraphic section to demonstrate tectonoeustatic influences. Tectonics impact SEQ 2 more intensely than SEQ 1 and may influence the migration of hydrocarbons across juxtaposed lithologies. A complex association between shallow marine tidal and ramp carbonates, and deeper basin halite beds, is linked to the subsiding Gotnia Basin. Log-facies analysis of the Arab third-order sequence demonstrates reservoir and seal trends, including the stratigraphic entrapment potential along a carbonate ramp profile. Seismic attributes support reservoir-depositional trends and salt-bed geometries. The integrated approach provides a targeted workflow to investigate the complex depositional systems and their stratigraphic trapping potential on the Arch.
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Amiewalan, F. O., and F. A. Lucas. "Sequence Stratigraphic Interpretation of FX-1 and FX-2 wells, Onshore Western Niger Delta, Nigeria." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 24, no. 2 (2020): 303–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v24i2.17.
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The area of study is a portion of the Greater Ughelli Depobelt in Niger Delta Basin. The main aim of the paper is to interpret the sequence stratigraphy of FX-1 and FX-2 wells by employing data sets from biostratigraphic data and well logs. Standard laboratory techniques were used for data treatment while computer software such as Petrel and StrataBugs were used for data simulation, processing, integration and interpretation. Sedimentology, interpreted gamma ray and resistivity well logs integrated with biostratigraphic data were utilized to define the candidate maximum flooding surfaces and sequence boundaries. The wells have the following distributions of sequences: FX-1 well have five depositional sequences with eight candidate maximum flooding surfaces at depths 10011 ft., 9509 ft., 9437 ft., 6362 ft., 5752 ft., 5507 ft., 5161 ft. and 4816 ft. dated 34.0 Ma, 33.0 Ma, 31.3 Ma, 28.1 Ma, 26.2 Ma, 24.3 Ma, 23.2 Ma and 22.0 Ma and seven candidate sequence boundaries at 9616 ft., 6656 ft., 6116 ft., 5639 ft., 5424 ft., 4859 ft. and 4581 ft. dated 33.3 Ma, 29.3 Ma, 27.3 Ma, 24.9 Ma, 23.7 Ma, 22.2 Ma and 21.8 Ma, respectively. FX-2 well have four depositional sequences, five candidate MFSs were identified at 7764 ft., 7196 ft., 6721 ft., 5862 ft. and 5571 ft. dated 34.0 Ma, 33.0 Ma, 31.3 Ma, 28.1 Ma and 24.3 Ma and five candidate SBs at 6941 ft., 6029 ft., 5688 ft., 5653 ft. and 5542 ft. dated 32.4 Ma, 29.3 Ma, 27.3 Ma, 24.9 Ma and 23.7 Ma respectively. The correlation of the two wells and sequence stratigraphic interpretation is a supplementary understanding of the subsurface geology of the Onshore, western Niger Delta area of Nigeria.
 Keywords: Bio-stratigraphic data, Well logs, Sequence stratigraphy, Well correlation.
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Masuda, Fujio. "The geology of stratigraphic sequence." Sedimentary Geology 116, no. 3-4 (1998): 279–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0037-0738(97)00108-5.
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Hicks, N., D. J. C. Gold, M. Ncume, and L. Hoyer. "A new lithostratigraphic framework for portions of the Pongola Supergroup within the Nkandla sub-basin, southern Kaapvaal Craton, South Africa; insights into Mozaan Group stratigraphy." South African Journal of Geology 124, no. 3 (2021): 717–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.25131/sajg.124.0039.
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Abstract A revised lithostratigraphic framework for Mozaan Group-equivalent strata within the Nkandla sub-basin is presented based on new field data, remote sensing and genetic sequence stratigraphic interpretations. Although previous literature has suggested that no Mozaan Group lithologies were deposited within the sub-basin, reinterpretations presented here indicate that 90% of the lithostratigraphy developed within the main basin occurs within the Nkandla and Mhlatuze inliers. Mozaan Group units previously defined as the Vutshini and Ekombe formations are correlated with stratigraphy from the lowermost Sinqeni Formation to the Gabela Formation. Although thinner than units within the type area in the main basin, thicknesses of the Sinqeni Formation are comparable to those observed within the White Mfolozi Inlier. A ~1 000 m composite reference profile is measured within the Mdlelanga Syncline of the Nkandla Inlier. Further profiles were measured for sequences in the Gem-Vuleka Syncline of the Nkandla Inlier, as well as within the Mhlatuze Inlier. These latter profiles, however, host only lower Mozaan Group strata. In all sections the basal portion of the sequence comprises two quartz arenite units, separated by a ferruginous shale, which hosts minor iron formation interbeds. This predominantly coarse-grained lower sequence is overlain by a shale-dominated succession with multiple sandstone interbeds. A prominent coarse-grained quartz arenite unit forms a distinct marker in the middle portion of the sequence. This is overlain by a sequence of shales and sandstones with two prominent igneous units present. Genetic sequence stratigraphic interpretations indicate cyclical deposition of dominantly shallow marine sediments with condensed sections, marked by iron formations or ferruginous shales, denoting periods of marine highstand along the southeastern margin of the Kaapvaal Craton. The evidence of Mozaan Group stratigraphy within the Nkandla sub-basin supports a passive margin tectonic model whereby deposition occurred in an arcuate shallow continental margin which opened to the southeast. The extension of Mozaan Group strata into the Nkandla sub-basin suggests that the Mozaan Basin likely formed a single depository rather than separate sub-basins as previously proposed.
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Lin, Wen, David Kynaston, Curtis Ferron, Janok P. Bhattacharya, and William Matthews. "Depositional and sequence stratigraphic model of transgressive shelf sandstone: The Late Cretaceous Tocito Sandstone, San Juan Bain, New Mexico, U.S.A." Journal of Sedimentary Research 91, no. 4 (2021): 415–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2020.121.
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ABSTRACT There has long been debate about the origin of long, linear, isolated shallow marine sandstones. In the 1980s these were routinely interpreted as wave- or tide-modulated shelf sandstones. With the advent of sequence stratigraphy, many of these sandstones were reinterpreted as top-truncated forced-regressive to lowstand delta or shoreface, inviting the question regarding whether the concept of a shelf sandstones remain a viable depositional model. More recent syntheses demonstrate that shelf sands tend to be derived by reworking of underlying sediment through transgressive erosion and show varying levels of detachment and reworking into discrete ridges and bars by wave and tidal processes as they become more evolved. The Late Cretaceous Tocito Sandstone in the Western Interior Seaway, which overlies the regressive Gallup Formation, is a candidate for a transgressive shelf sandstone. In this study, we present detailed facies analysis, based on sedimentological sections measured from well-exposed outcrops of the Tocito Sandstone and its related stratigraphic units in northwest New Mexico, USA. With high-resolution sequence stratigraphic control, facies analysis, detrital-zircon anatomy, and petrographic analysis are integrated to investigate the sequence stratigraphic evolution and depositional processes of the Tocito Sandstone. Detrital zircons indicate that the Tocito, Torrivio, and Gallup deposits are derived from different source areas, and therefore imply separate sequence stratigraphic origins. The Tocito Sandstone is interpreted to have been deposited as shelf sand ridges in retrogradational estuarine to drowned-barrier-system environments with tidal and wave influence, characterized by intense bioturbation. The Tocito was deposited in an overall transgressive systems tract and sourced from reworking of the underlying Torrivio and Gallup units through processes of transgressive erosion.
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Oliveira Nunes, Caio, and Michael Holz. "Tectonic and stratigraphic evolution of southern Jacuípe Basin (Brazil) based on seismic sequence stratigraphy." Journal of South American Earth Sciences 96 (December 2019): 102370. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2019.102370.
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Michalík, Jozef, Daniela Reháková, Eva Halásová, and Otília Lintnerová. "The Brodno section — a potential regional stratotype of the Jurassic/Cretaceous boundary (Western Carpathians)." Geologica Carpathica 60, no. 3 (2009): 213–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10096-009-0015-2.
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The Brodno section — a potential regional stratotype of the Jurassic/Cretaceous boundary (Western Carpathians) Compared to coeval successions from the Carpathians, the continuous Jurassic-Cretaceous (J/K) pelagic limestone succession of the Brodno section offers the best possibility to document the J/K passage in a wide area. This section comprises a complete calpionellid, and nannofossil stratigraphic record, that supports the older paleomagnetic data. Moreover, the sequence stratigraphy and stable isotope (δ18O, δ13C) data gave important results, too, enabling comparison with known key sections from the Mediterranean Tethys area.
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Slupik, A. A., F. P. Wesselingh, A. C. Janse, and J. W. F. Reumer. "The stratigraphy of the Neogene-Quaternary succession in the southwest Netherlands from the Schelphoek borehole (42G4-11/42G0022) – a sequence-stratigraphic approach." Netherlands Journal of Geosciences - Geologie en Mijnbouw 86, no. 4 (2007): 317–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016774600023556.
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AbstractWe investigate the stratigraphy of Neogene and Quaternary intervals of the Schelphoek borehole (Schouwen, Zeeland, the Netherlands). The Breda Formation (Miocene-Zanclean) contains three sequences separated by hiatuses. The Oosterhout Formation (Zanclean-Piacenzian) contains at least two sequences. This formation is overlain by seven sequences of the Gelasian Maassluis Formation that almost certainly represent glacial cycles. The three lowermost sequences are provisionally assigned to the Praetiglian (MIS 96, MIS 98 and MIS 100). A large hiatus exists between the top of the Maassluis Formation and the base of the late Middle to Late Quaternary succession. Due to extensivein situreworking of older strata (including fossils) at the base of several of the formations, their exact boundaries are difficult to establish. The Neogene succession in the Schelphoek borehole is compared to the stratigraphic successions in the Antwerp area to the south and the Dutch coastal area and continental platform to the north. Finally, the stratigraphic context of the Gelasian (‘Tiglian’) mammal fauna dredged from the bottom of a major tidal channel in the adjacent Oosterschelde is assessed by comparison with the Schelphoek borehole.
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Aitken, J. F. "Sequence stratigraphy in British geology." Earth-Science Reviews 41, no. 3-4 (1996): 219–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0012-8252(96)00033-5.
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Hesselbo, Stephen P., and D. Neil Parkinson. "Sequence stratigraphy in British geology." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 103, no. 1 (1996): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.sp.1996.103.01.01.
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A.H. Ruffell. "Sequence stratigraphy in British geology." Marine and Petroleum Geology 13, no. 8 (1996): 973–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0264-8172(96)89416-5.
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Long, Joshua H., Till J. J. Hanebuth, and Thomas Lüdmann. "The Quaternary stratigraphic architecture of a low-accommodation, passive-margin continental shelf (Santee Delta region, South Carolina, U.S.A.)." Journal of Sedimentary Research 90, no. 11 (2020): 1549–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2020.006.
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ABSTRACT The Quaternary stratigraphy of the continental shelf offshore of South Carolina consists of stratigraphic units deposited in coastal-plain, shallow marine, and shelfal environments bounded by composite erosional surfaces that developed in response to numerous glacioeustatic cycles and were overprinted by regional uplift. These units are commonly distributed laterally, rather than stacked vertically, a function of the long-term low shelf gradient and the resulting lack of accommodation. Additionally, marine processes such as waves and geostrophic currents can rework both relict and modern sediments across the continental shelf. This study integrates high-resolution geological and geophysical datasets acquired offshore and onshore with existing data onshore into a comprehensive conceptual model describing the Quaternary geologic evolution of the coastal plain and continental shelf within a study area of approximately 8,000 km2. We use seismic facies and core analysis to define stratigraphic units associated with transgressive, regressive, and lowstand systems offshore. Regressive systems include progradational wave- and river-dominated deltaic and shoreface deposits. Lowstand systems consist of a complex network of paleo-incisions produced by regional, Piedmont-draining fluvial systems and smaller coastal plain rivers. Transgressive systems include paleochannel-fill successions dominated by mud-rich, tidally influenced backbarrier deposits, cuspate and linear shelf sand ridges, and transgressive sand sheets and shoals. The low-accommodation setting of the continental shelf influences the stratigraphic record in several ways: 1) the geometry of progradational coastal lithosomes, 2) the development of composite allogenic erosional surfaces, 3) the deposition of widespread, thin transgressive sand sheets, and 4) the restriction of thicker transgressive deposits to paleo-incisions. In this setting, the use of a bounding surface scheme that is hierarchical is preferable to the more common sequence stratigraphic or allostratigraphic convention for several reasons: 1) major erosional bounding surfaces are commonly amalgamated; 2) lower-order surfaces capture internal variability, which is key to the genetic interpretation of stratigraphic units, and 3) stratal stacking patterns typically used to define a sequence stratigraphic framework are rare.
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Marković, S. B., U. Hambach, T. Stevens, et al. "Loess in the Vojvodina region (Northern Serbia): an essential link between European and Asian Pleistocene environments." Netherlands Journal of Geosciences - Geologie en Mijnbouw 91, no. 1-2 (2013): 173–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016774600001578.
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AbstractLoess deposits in the Vojvodina region, northern Serbia, are among the oldest and most complete loess-paleosol sequences in Europe to date. These thick sequences contain a detailed paleoclimatic record from the late Early Pleistocene. Based on the correlation of detailed magnetic susceptibility (MS) records from Vojvodina with the Chinese loess record and deep-sea isotope stratigraphy we here reconfirm and expand on a stratigraphic model of the Vojvodinian loess-paleosol chronostratigraphic sequence following the Chinese loess stratigraphic system.Variations in MS, dust accumulation rates, and the intensity of pedogenesis demonstrate evidence for a Middle Pleistocene climatic and environmental transition. The onset of loess deposition in Vojvodina also indicates a direct link between dust generation in Europe and that in the interior of Eurasia since the Early Pleistocene. The youngest part of the Early Pleistocene and oldest part of the Middle Pleistocene is characterised by relatively uniform dust accumulation and soil formation rates as well as relatively high magnetic susceptibility values. In contrast, the last five interglacial-glacial cycles are characterised by sharp environmental differences between high dust accumulation rates during the glacials and low rates observed during soil development. The data presented in this study demonstrate the great potential of Vovjodina's loess archives for accurate reconstruction of continental Eurasian Pleistocene climatic and environmental evolution.
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Sim, Min Sub, and Yong Il Lee. "Sequence stratigraphy of the Middle Cambrian Daegi Formation (Korea), and its bearing on the regional stratigraphic correlation." Sedimentary Geology 191, no. 3-4 (2006): 151–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2006.03.016.
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Robin, C., D. Rouby, D. Granjeon, F. Guillocheau, P. Allemand, and S. Raillard. "Expression and modelling of stratigraphic sequence distortion." Sedimentary Geology 178, no. 3-4 (2005): 159–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2005.04.003.
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Aigner, Thomas, and Gerhard H. Bachmann. "Sequence-stratigraphic framework of the German Triassic." Sedimentary Geology 80, no. 1-2 (1992): 115–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0037-0738(92)90035-p.
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Phillips, Bruce J., Alan W. James, and Graeme M. Philip. "THE GEOLOGY AND HYDROCARBON POTENTIAL OF THE NORTH-WESTERN OFFICER BASIN." APPEA Journal 25, no. 1 (1985): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj84004.
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Recent petroleum exploration in EP 186 and EP 187 in the north-western Officer Basin has greatly increased knowledge of the regional stratigraphy, structure and petroleum prospectivity of the region. This exploration programme has involved the drilling of two deep stratigraphic wells (Dragoon 1 and Hussar 1) and the acquisition of 1438 km of seismic data. Integration of regional gravity and aeromagnetic data with regional seismic and well data reveals that the Gibson Sub-basin primarily contains a Proterozoic evaporitic sequence. In contrast, the Herbert Sub-basin contains a Late Proterozoic to Cambrian clastic and carbonate sequence above the evaporites. This sequence, which was intersected in Hussar 1, is identified as the primary exploration target in the Western Officer Basin. The sequence contains excellent reservoir and seal rocks in association with mature source rocks. Major structuring of the basin has also been caused by compressive movements associated with the Alice Springs Orogeny. The northwestern Officer Basin thus has all of the ingredients for the discovery of commercial hydrocarbons.
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Tellez, Javier, Matthew J. Pranter, Carl Sondergeld, et al. "Mechanical stratigraphy of Mississippian strata using machine learning and seismic-based reservoir characterization and modeling, Anadarko Basin, Oklahoma." Interpretation 9, no. 2 (2021): SE53—SE71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2020-0167.1.
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The Sooner Trend in the Anadarko (Basin) in Canadian and Kingfisher counties play primarily produces oil and gas from Mississippian strata. The interval consists of interbedded argillaceous mudstones and calcareous siltstones. Such a contrast in rock composition is linked directly to the mechanical stratigraphy of the strata. Brittle (calcareous siltstones) and ductile beds (argillaceous mudstones) are related to the sequence-stratigraphic framework at different scales. We have used seismic and well-log data to estimate and map the geomechanical properties’ distribution and interpret the mechanical stratigraphy of rocks within the Mississippian strata. First, we defined the parasequences that form the main reservoir zones of the Meramecian-Mississippian strata. Once we established the stratigraphic framework, we estimated and compared rock brittleness index (BI) using two independent laboratory-based measurements from the core. The first method, the mineralogical-derived BI, uses mineralogical composition inverted from Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analyses, whereas the second method, the mechanical-derived BI, involves measurements of compressional and shear velocities from core plugs. We use the data from core-plug velocity measurements along with well logs and an artificial neural network approach to establish relationships among the geomechanical properties, well logs, and acoustic impedance values. We then applied these relationships to generate 3D geomechanical models constrained to seismic volumes. The resulting grid distributions illustrate the stratigraphic variability of the properties at the parasequence scale. Overall, brittle strata decrease in thickness and abundance basinward as the frequency of interbedded brittle and ductile zones increases and gradually transitions into thin calcite-cemented siltstones and clay-rich mudstones. Analysis of the production performance of selected horizontal wells drilled within the Mississippian strata indicates that the proportion of brittle and ductile rocks along the well path drilled and the drilled area vertical stacking pattern play a significant role in hydrocarbon production for these Mississippian units.
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Martins-Neto, M. A., and O. Catuneanu. "Rift sequence stratigraphy." Marine and Petroleum Geology 27, no. 1 (2010): 247–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2009.08.001.
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de Graciansky, Pierre Charles. "Siliciclastic sequence stratigraphy." Marine and Petroleum Geology 12, no. 6 (1995): 691–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0264-8172(95)90033-0.
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Hamon, Youri, Remy Deschamps, Philippe Joseph, Daniel Garcia, and Emmanuelle Chanvry. "New insight of sedimentological and geochemical characterization of siliciclastic-carbonate deposits (Alveolina Limestone Formation, Graus-Tremp basin, Spain)." Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 187, no. 3 (2016): 133–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gssgfbull.187.3.133.
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Abstract This article is a first attempt of combining sedimentological analysis and geochemical systematics of the Alveolina Limestone Formation as a tool to identify the major stratigraphic surfaces, and to improve the sequence stratigraphy interpretation. This formation is Early Eocene in age and crops out in several well-exposed cliffs in the Serraduy – Roda de Isabena area (Graus-Tremp basin, NE Spain). Within this succession, nineteen carbonate and siliciclastic facies have been identified and grouped in environmental facies associations (based on their vertical stacking and lateral relationships): 1) coastal plain; 2) clastic deltaic complex; 3) shallow carbonate inner-ramp; 4) mid-ramp; 5) outer-ramp; 6) reefal facies. The depositional architectures studied in the Serraduy area can be directly assessed on the field, and a 3D reconstruction is proposed. This enables us to build a synthetic depositional model and to identify five small-scale T/R cycles, bounded by different kinds of sedimentary discontinuities : angular unconformity, firmground, erosional surface… In parallel, geochemical analyses (C and O isotopes, major, minor and trace elements) were carried out to help at hierarchizing the cycles and the boundaries previously identified. Four of them may be considered as major stratigraphic surfaces, corresponding either to regional-scale angular unconformities, or to exposure surfaces. The latter are characterized by a selective dissolution, a slight but sharp decrease in δ13CV-PDB and in Mg, Fe and Sr contents below the surface. The absence of typical sedimentary criteria of exposure (with the exception of these geochemical signatures) may be explained by short-term exposure, an arid to semi-arid climate, and a dominant low-magnesian calcite original mineralogy, precluding the development and the preservation of widespread vadose diagenetic products. A new sequence stratigraphy model for the Alveolina Limestone Fm is finally proposed and discussed.
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Paumard, Victorien, Julien Bourget, Tobi Payenberg, Annette D. George, R. Bruce Ainsworth, and Simon Lang. "From quantitative 3D seismic stratigraphy to sequence stratigraphy: Insights into the vertical and lateral variability of shelf-margin depositional systems at different stratigraphic orders." Marine and Petroleum Geology 110 (December 2019): 797–831. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2019.07.007.
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Di, Haibin, Leigh Truelove, Cen Li, and Aria Abubakar. "Accelerating seismic fault and stratigraphy interpretation with deep CNNs: A case study of the Taranaki Basin, New Zealand." Leading Edge 39, no. 10 (2020): 727–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/tle39100727.1.
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Accurate mapping of structural faults and stratigraphic sequences is essential to the success of subsurface interpretation, geologic modeling, reservoir characterization, stress history analysis, and resource recovery estimation. In the past decades, manual interpretation assisted by computational tools — i.e., seismic attribute analysis — has been commonly used to deliver the most reliable seismic interpretation. Because of the dramatic increase in seismic data size, the efficiency of this process is challenged. The process has also become overly time-intensive and subject to bias from seismic interpreters. In this study, we implement deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for automating the interpretation of faults and stratigraphies on the Opunake-3D seismic data set over the Taranaki Basin of New Zealand. In general, both the fault and stratigraphy interpretation are formulated as problems of image segmentation, and each workflow integrates two deep CNNs. Their specific implementation varies in the following three aspects. First, the fault detection is binary, whereas the stratigraphy interpretation targets multiple classes depending on the sequences of interest to seismic interpreters. Second, while the fault CNN utilizes only the seismic amplitude for its learning, the stratigraphy CNN additionally utilizes the fault probability to serve as a structural constraint on the near-fault zones. Third and more innovatively, for enhancing the lateral consistency and reducing artifacts of machine prediction, the fault workflow incorporates a component of horizontal fault grouping, while the stratigraphy workflow incorporates a component of feature self-learning of a seismic data set. With seven of 765 inlines and 23 of 2233 crosslines manually annotated, which is only about 1% of the available seismic data, the fault and four sequences are well interpreted throughout the entire seismic survey. The results not only match the seismic images, but more importantly they support the graben structure as documented in the Taranaki Basin.
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Lai, Fu-qiang, Zhao-Hui Huang, Zhang-xiong Zhu, Shao-hua Xu, Wei-xu Xia, and Han Luo. "Monte Carlo CLEAN Spectral Analysis Method for Detecting the Stratigraphic Cycles Based on High-resolution Electrical Image Log Data." Journal of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics 22, no. 4 (2017): 325–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/jeeg22.4.325.
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This paper performs a Monte Carlo CLEAN (MC-CLEAN) spectral analysis with high-resolution electrical image log data and interpret the high-resolution formation sequence by investigating the cycles in the sediments. Firstly, in order to perform a spectral analysis with high-resolution electrical image log data, the background conductivity log curve was extracted from the borehole image. Secondly, the MC-CLEAN spectrum analysis method was used to isolate all the peaks of the logging signal. Then the 95% significance level of the CLEAN spectrum was calculated to identify the true period of the formation by Monte Carlo simulation. Finally, the MC-CLEAN spectral analysis method was applied in the two shale intervals from Lower Pannonian interval of Vienna basin to identify the stratigraphic cycles. The analysis results showed that the identified cycles in the sedimentary record good matched the Milankovitch cycles. This paper provided a new approach of identifying stratigraphic cycles and interpreting high-resolution sequence stratigraphy.
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Goodman, S., A. Crane, M. Krabbendam, A. G. Leslie, and A. Ruffell. "Correlation of depositional sequences in a structurally complex area: the Dalradian of Glenn Fearnach to Glen Shee, Scotland." Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences 87, no. 4 (1996): 503–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263593300018162.
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ABSTRACTThe stratigraphy of the Neoproterozoic Dalradian Supergroup has been formalised at group, subgroup and formation level, based largely on mapping in the SW Highlands of Scotland. Elsewhere, there has been a tendency for the lithostratigraphy to be fitted into this framework, implying that the lithostratigraphy represents basin-wide changes in depositional environment. The pitfalls of this ‘layer-cake’ approach are illustrated by interpreting the geology of the Gleann Fearnach to Glen Shee area of the Central Highlands, using the published maps of the adjacent regions. Attempts to correlate units into the Braemar area in the NE and into the Pitlochry area in the SW show considerable mismatch between the maps covering these areas, which has in the past led to invocation of geometrically unlikely arrangements of faults and slides to explain the lithostratigraphical distribution.The present study is the result of a different approach adopted during remapping of the Gleann Fearnach to Glen Shee area. Some basin-wide events, here suggested to be associated with key sequence stratigraphic surfaces, were identified. These principally relate to the deposition of Appin Quartzite, Boulder Bed and Ben Lawers Schist precursor sediments. Between these reference units the stratigraphy has been determined by detailed field mapping, and variation from the standard stratigraphy explained in terms of both the position within the depositional sequence and palaeogeography during deposition. This has led to an integrated solution which works on both sedimentological and structural grounds. There are local implications for the stratigraphy and structural geology elsewhere in the Scottish Dalradian, but, more importantly, it is an approach which must be more widely applied in order to make wider correlations beyond the British Dalradian to the rest of the Laurentian margin.
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Gaillard, Christian, Laurent Emmanuel, Micheline Hanzo, et al. "A sequence analyzed from the basin to the platform : the Middle Oxfordian calcareous succession in southeastern France." Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 175, no. 2 (2004): 107–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/175.2.107.
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Abstract Middle Oxfordian sedimentation is very homogeneous in southeastern France. It is characterized by a specific alternation of marls and fine-grained limestones (G. transversarium Zone). This work shows that sets of calcareous beds allow accurate stratigraphic correlations in various paleogeographic areas, from the shallow Jura platform to the deep Dauphinois basin. Following a rifting period, this sedimentation illustrates a doming period with decreasing subsidence and water depth. This corresponds to the establishment of a wide marine area more favourable to carbonate sedimentation. Considering sequence stratigraphy, some slight variations occur in the sediment record and lead to interesting comparisons between the platform and the basin. The geochemical evolution, mainly the manganese content, seems to be dependant of the activity of the Ligurian Tethys oceanic ridge. This fact shows that sedimentation in southeastern France could be significantly controlled by tectono-eustasy.
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Paulissen, Wieske, Stefan Luthi, Patrick Grunert, Stjepan Ćorić, and Mathias Harzhauser. "Integrated high-resolution stratigraphy of a Middle to Late Miocene sedimentary sequence in the central part of the Vienna Basin." Geologica Carpathica 62, no. 2 (2011): 155–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10096-011-0013-z.
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Integrated high-resolution stratigraphy of a Middle to Late Miocene sedimentary sequence in the central part of the Vienna BasinIn order to determine the relative contributions of tectonics and eustasy to the sedimentary infill of the Vienna Basin a high-resolution stratigraphic record of a Middle to Late Miocene sedimentary sequence was established for a well (Spannberg-21) in the central part of the Vienna Basin. The well is located on an intrabasinal high, the Spannberg Ridge, a location that is relatively protected from local depocentre shifts. Downhole magnetostratigraphic measurements and biostratigraphical analysis form the basis for the chronostratigraphic framework. Temporal gaps in the sedimentary sequence were quantified from seismic data, well correlations and high-resolution electrical borehole images. Stratigraphic control with this integrated approach was good in the Sarmatian and Pannonian, but difficult in the Badenian. The resulting sedimentation rates show an increase towards the Upper Sarmatian from 0.43 m/kyr to > 1.2 m/kyr, followed by a decrease to relatively constant values around 0.3 m/kyr in the Pannonian. The sequence reflects the creation of accommodation space during the pull-apart phase of the basin and the subsequent slowing of the tectonic activity. The retreat of the Paratethys from the North Alpine Foreland Basin during the Early Sarmatian temporarily increased the influx of coarsergrained sediment, but eventually the basin acted mostly as a by-pass zone of sediment towards the Pannonian Basin. At a finer scale, the sequence exhibits correlations with global eustasy indicators, notably during the Sarmatian, the time of greatest basin subsidence and full connectivity with the Paratethyan system. In the Pannonian the eustatic signals become weaker due to an increased isolation of the Vienna Basin from Lake Pannon.
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Myers, Keith. "Source rocks in a sequence stratigraphic framework." Marine and Petroleum Geology 11, no. 4 (1994): 507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0264-8172(94)90084-1.
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Munsterman, D. K., R. M. C. H. Verreussel, H. F. Mijnlieff, N. Witmans, S. Kerstholt-Boegehold, and O. A. Abbink. "Revision and update of the Callovian-Ryazanian Stratigraphic Nomenclature in the northern Dutch offshore, i.e. Central Graben Subgroup and Scruff Group." Netherlands Journal of Geosciences - Geologie en Mijnbouw 91, no. 4 (2012): 555–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001677460000038x.
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AbstractExploration in a mature basin requires a detailed classification and standardisation of rock stratigraphy to adequately comprehend the depositional history and prospect architecture. The pre-Quaternary Stratigraphic Nomenclature of the Netherlands compiled by Van Adrichem Boogaert & Kouwe in 1993 provided a consistent framework for use by the Dutch geological community. Over the past twenty years, new biostratigraphic techniques and continued exploration in the Netherlands have provided additional stratigraphic information. Based on this information the Late Jurassic lithostratigraphy in particular, shows significant inaccuracies. The Callovian-Ryazanian strata from the northern offshore of the Netherlands' territorial waters, termed the Central Graben Subgroup and Scruff Group, reveal a complex sedimentary history. The combination of non-marine to shallow marine lateral facies changes, repetitive log and facies characteristics in time, sea-level and climate change, salt tectonics and structural compartmentalisation hamper straightforward seismic interpretation and log correlation. Recognition of three genetic sequences by Abbink et al. in 2006 enabled an improved reconstruction of the geological history. Further improvements in refinement and reliability of the stratigraphy together with new information on the facies and ages of the successions and about the subsequent tectonostratigraphic development of the northern Dutch offshore area form the basis of the present revision. As a result, earlier lithostratigraphic models have been changed and new lithostratigraphic relationships and names are introduced in this paper.
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GEYER, G. "The Fish River Subgroup in Namibia: stratigraphy, depositional environments and the Proterozoic–Cambrian boundary problem revisited." Geological Magazine 142, no. 5 (2005): 465–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756805000956.
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The Fish River Subgroup of the Nama Group, southern Namibia, is restudied in terms of lithostratigraphy and depositional environment. The study is based on partly fine-scaled sections, particularly of the Nababis and Gross Aub Formation. The results are generally in accordance with earlier studies. However, braided river deposits appear to be less widely distributed in the studied area, and a considerable part of the formations of the middle and upper subgroup apparently were deposited under shallowest marine conditions including upper shore-face. Evidence comes partly from sedimentary features and facies distribution, and partly from trace fossils, particularly Skolithos and the characteristic Trichophycus pedum. Environmental conditions represented by layers with T. pedum suggest that the producer favoured shallow marine habitats and transgressive regimes. The successions represent two deepening-upward sequences, both starting as fluvial (braided river) systems and ending as shallow marine tidally dominated environments. The first sequence includes the traditional Stockdale, Breckhorn and lower Nababis formations (Zamnarib Member). The second sequence includes the upper Nababis (Haribes Member) and Gross Aub formations. As a result, the Nababis and Gross Aub formations require emendation: a new formation including the Haribes and Rosenhof and possibly also the Deurstamp members. In addition, four distinct sequence stratigraphic units are deter-minable for the Fish River Subgroup in the southern part of the basin. The Proterozoic–Cambrian transition in southern Namibia is most probably located as low as the middle Schwarzrand Subgroup. The environmentally controlled occurrence of Trichophycus pedum undermines the local stratigraphic significance of this trace fossil which is eponymous with the lowest Cambrian and Phanerozoic trace fossil assemblage on a global scale. However, occurrences of such trace fossils have to be regarded as positive evidence for Phanerozoic age regardless of co-occurring body fossils. Other suggestions strongly dispute the concept of the formal Proterozoic–Cambrian and Precambrian–Phanerozoic boundary. Carbon isotope excursions and radiometric datings for the Nama Group do not help to calibrate precisely the temporal extent of the Fish River Subgroup. Fossil content, sequence stratigraphy and inferred depositional developments suggest that this subgroup represents only a short period of late orogenic molasse sedimentation during the early sub-trilobitic Early Cambrian.
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Catuneanu, Octavian. "Scale in sequence stratigraphy." Marine and Petroleum Geology 106 (August 2019): 128–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2019.04.026.
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JAMES, DAVID M. D. "Assessment of Hirnantian synglacial eustacy and palaeogeography in a tectonically active setting: the Welsh Basin (UK)." Geological Magazine 151, no. 3 (2013): 447–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756813000319.
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AbstractThe Hirnantian stratigraphy of Wales is critically assessed against the global evidence for two major Hirnantian synglacial eustatic lowstands. The evidence for two separate lowstands of relative sea level is locally suggestive in shelf sequences but generally only permissive in the basin. Nowhere can the possible candidate lowstands be separated biostratigraphically and thus basinwide correlation that might rule out local tectonic control is impossible to prove. Consistent with palaeolatitude evidence and a situation far removed from the Gondwana margin, there is no facies evidence (e.g. dropstones) for local glacial conditions and the diamictites are of mass-flow origin. Sequence stratigraphic reasoning proves helpful in the correlation of the basinal succession in Central Wales with the shelf sequences along the Tywi Lineament and the Variscan Front, and suggests that the first appearance ofNormalograptus persculptusin Wales does not correspond with the base of thepersculptusBiozone. Extensive new palaeocurrent data and sedimentological restudy is combined with review of earlier knowledge to argue for significant revisions to previous palaeogeographic maps for ‘generalized lowstand conditions’, notably along the Bala Lineament, the Variscan Front and the Central Wales Inliers.
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Ahern, Justin P., and Christopher R. Fielding. "Onset of the Late Paleozoic Glacioeustatic Signal: A Stratigraphic Record from the Paleotropical, Oil-Shale-Bearing Big Snowy Trough of Central Montana, U.S.A." Journal of Sedimentary Research 89, no. 8 (2019): 761–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2019.44.
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Abstract In the Big Snowy Mountains of central Montana, USA, late Visean to Bashkirian strata preserve a nearly complete, but poorly documented, paleotropical stratigraphic succession that straddles the range of current estimates of the onset of the Late Paleozoic Ice Age (LPIA). Sedimentologic and stratigraphic investigation of the Otter (late Visean to Serpukhovian) and Heath (Serpukhovian) formations, with secondary focus on the overlying Tyler (late Serpukhovian to Bashkirian) and Alaska Bench (Bashkirian) formations, facilitated an appraisal of paleotropical environmental change preserved in this succession. Three facies associations reminiscent of environments currently forming in Shark Bay, Australia, were identified in the Otter Formation: shallow semi-restricted littoral platform, intertidal platform, and supratidal plain. Five facies associations broadly comparable to modern environments present in the Sunda Shelf and southern coast of the Persian Gulf were identified in the Heath Formation: offshore outer ramp, mid- to outer ramp, inner ramp, coastal plain, and sabkha. Facies associations preserved in the Heath Formation are here explained in the context of a protected, homoclinal carbonate ramp situated in a partially silled epicontinental embayment. A shift from low-magnitude relative sea-level oscillations preserved in the Otter Formation to a cyclothemic stratigraphic pattern entailing ≥ 6 fourth-order, high-frequency and high-magnitude relative sea-level fluctuations in the Heath Formation is here interpreted to record the main eustatic signal of the LPIA in central Montana. Current published biostratigraphic constraints for the observed stratigraphy estimate the main eustatic signal of the LPIA to have occurred approximately between 331 (base Serpukhovian) and 327 Ma in central Montana. A distinct upward transition from coal and paleosol-bearing depositional sequences in the lower Heath to evaporite and limestone-bearing depositional sequences in the upper Heath preserves a broad humid to arid paleoclimate shift during deposition of this unit, which influenced hydrographic circulation patterns and the resultant distribution of anoxic environments in the Big Snowy Trough during this time interval. Improved depositional and sequence stratigraphic models of the Heath Formation proposed in this study permit new insight into the theoretical distribution of, and water depth necessary to preserve, black, organic-rich claystone and shale in partially silled intracratonic basins, in addition to new temporal constraints on LPIA onset in paleotropical western Laurentia.
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Pedersen, Stig A. Schack. "Glaciodynamic sequence stratigraphy." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 368, no. 1 (2012): 29–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp368.2.
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Warrlich, G. M. D., D. A. Waltham, and D. W. J. Bosence. "Quantifying the sequence stratigraphy and drowning mechanisms of atolls using a new 3-D forward stratigraphic modelling program (CARBONATE 3D)." Basin Research 14, no. 3 (2002): 379–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2117.2002.00181.x.
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Butler, Rob. "Tectonics and seismic sequence stratigraphy." Journal of Structural Geology 16, no. 1 (1994): 144–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0191-8141(94)90026-4.
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Walker, R. G. "Facies modeling and sequence stratigraphy." Journal of Sedimentary Research 60, no. 5 (1990): 777–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1306/212f926e-2b24-11d7-8648000102c1865d.
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Braithwaite, C. J. R. "Cement sequence stratigraphy in carbonates." Journal of Sedimentary Research 63, no. 2 (1993): 295–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1306/d4267ae6-2b26-11d7-8648000102c1865d.
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WILLIAMS, GRAHAM D., and ANGELA DOBB. "Tectonics and seismic sequence stratigraphy." Journal of the Geological Society 148, no. 5 (1991): 935–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.148.5.0935.
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