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Journal articles on the topic 'Stratium'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 February 2022

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1

Blokhin, V. E., T. S. Pronina, and M. V. Ugryumov. "Dopamine Synthesis by Non-Dopaminergic Neurons in the Stratium of Mice with and without Degeneration of the Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic System." Neurochemical Journal 14, no. 1 (January 2020): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1819712420010043.

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2

Medina, A. C., J. R. Charles, V. Espinoza-Gonzalez, O. Sanchez-Resendis, R. A. Prado-Alcala, B. Roozendaal, and G. L. Quirarte. "Glucocorticoid administration into the dorsal stratium facilitates memory consolidation of inhibitory avoidance training but not of the context or footshock components." Learning & Memory 14, no. 10 (October 1, 2007): 673–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/lm.654407.

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3

Kaczmarek, Sylwester, Magdalena Kosek, and Maciej Sac. "Traffic Model of IMS/NGN Architecture with Transport Stratum Based on MPLS Technology." International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications 59, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 113–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eletel-2013-0014.

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Abstract Growing expectations for a fast access to information create strong demands for a universal telecommunication network architecture, which provides various services with strictly determined quality. Currently it is assumed that these requirements will be satisfied by Next Generation Network (NGN), which consists of two stratums and includes IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) elements. To guarantee Quality of Service (QoS) all NGN stratums have to be correctly designed and dimensioned. For this reason appropriate traffic models must be developed and applied, which should be efficient and simple enough for practical applications. In the paper such a traffic model of a single domain of NGN with transport stratum based on Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) technology is presented. The model allows evaluation of mean transport stratum response time and can be useful for calculating time of processing requests in the entire NGN architecture. Results obtained using the presented model are described and discussed. As a result of the discussion, elementary relationships between network parameters and transport stratum response time are indicated.

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4

Bilodeau, Jean-Marie, Yvan Bédard, and Kim Lowell. "Using a Geographic Information System to Plan a Forest Inventory that Respects the Spatial Distribution of Forest Strata." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 10, no. 4 (December 1, 1993): 161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/10.4.161.

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Abstract Existing forest inventory techniques stratify a territory into forest types, determine a global sample size for the entire territory, and then partition this sample size by forest type. Sampling units are then located within the appropriate stratum in a fashion that will allow the field work to be conducted "efficiently." This final step inevitably leads to adjustments in the number of units per stratum and also does not account for the spatial distribution of a given stratum over an area. This paper demonstrates how, with the aid of a geographic information system, one can obtain a sample that is "adequately distributed" spatially in addition to being statistically representative. North. J. Appl. For. 10(4):161-165.

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5

BOROVIK, ALEXANDRE V., ALEXEI G. MYASNIKOV, and VLADIMIR N. REMESLENNIKOV. "THE CONJUGACY PROBLEM IN AMALGAMATED PRODUCTS I: REGULAR ELEMENTS AND BLACK HOLES." International Journal of Algebra and Computation 17, no. 07 (November 2007): 1299–333. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218196707003652.

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We discuss the time complexity of the word and conjugacy search problems for free products G = A ⋆C B of groups A and B with amalgamation over a subgroup C. We stratify the set of elements of G with respect to the complexity of the word and conjugacy problems and show that for the generic stratum the conjugacy search problem is decidable under some reasonable assumptions about groups A, B, C.

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6

Gajjar, Amar J., Sridharan Gururangan, Ibrahim A. Qaddoumi, Roger Packer, Stewart Goldman, Michael Prados, Annick Desjardins, et al. "A prospective phase II study to determine the efficacy of GDC 0449 (vismodegib) in adults with recurrent medulloblastoma (MB): A Pediatric Brain Tumor Consortium study (PBTC 25B)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2013): 2035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.2035.

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2035 Background: Almost 80% of adult medulloblastoma are of the SHH subtype. Second line therapy for adult MB is limited; therefore we tested the efficacy of vismodegib, a small molecule inhibitor of Smoothened (SMO) among patients with this disease. Methods: Adult patients with refractory or recurrent MB and who had measureable disease were enrolled on the study. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to stratify patients to Stratum A (non-SHH group); Stratum B (SHH tumors) and Stratum C (indeterminate). All patients were treated with vismodegib at 150 mg/day PO daily. Tumor response, which had to be maintained for 8 weeks to meet protocol definition of sustained response, was assessed using RECIST criteria and central imaging review. Separate but identical Simon 2-stage MinMax designs (α = 0.10) were used in strata A and B to test for evidence that sustained response rates exceeded 5% with 90% power to detect 25% sustained response rates. Thus, 3/20 sustained responses were needed to declare potential activity of vismodegib. Results: 32 patients with a median age of 30 years (range 22.4-51.9) were enrolled on the study [Stratum A (n = 8); Stratum B (n = 20); Stratum C (n = 4)], including 18 males and 14 females. No responses were observed in Strata A or C and the median duration of treatment was 1.5 months (range 0.66-2.33). Three of 20 patients enrolled on Stratum B had sustained responses. The median duration of therapy for Stratum B patients was 2.76 months (range 0.33- 13.61). Six patients were on treatment for ≥6.44 months and 3 remain on treatment after 5.42, 9.34 and 13.61 months. During course 1, 2 patients experienced grade 3 decrease in lymphocytes; 1 experienced a grade 4 thromboembolic event; and 2 experienced grade 3 toxicities (back pain & syncope). During course 2, 3 patients experienced grade 3 toxicities (decrease in lymphocytes; myalgia & seizure). One other patient experienced grade 3 hypophosphatemia in courses 1 and 2. Conclusions: Vismodegib has activity against recurrent or refractory adult ‘SHH-subtype’ medulloblastoma and should be considered as a therapeutic option for newly diagnosed patients with this disease. Clinical trial information: NCT00939484.

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7

Crowther, J. M. "Stratum corneum or stratum ecologica?" International Journal of Cosmetic Science 41, no. 2 (April 2019): 200–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ics.12522.

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8

Ardentov, A. A. "Hidden Maxwell Stratum in Euler's Elastic Problem." Nelineinaya Dinamika 15, no. 4 (2019): 409–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.20537/nd190402.

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9

Potyrańska, Agnieszka. "Obraz ptaków mitycznych (Stratim i Gamajun) w wybranych wierszach Konstantina Balmonta i Aleksandra Błoka." Acta Polono-Ruthenica 3, no. XXV (September 30, 2020): 41–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/apr.5889.

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W twórczości modernistów rosyjskich często spotykamy mitopoetyc-kie obrazy rajskich ptaków, występujących pod różnymi postaciami i imionami: Alko-nost, Sirin, Stratim, Gamajun, Żar-ptak. Niekiedy określa się je ogólnie: „rajski ptak”. Przedmiotem badań są wybrane wiersze Konstantina Balmonta i Aleksandra Błoka, w których pojawia się motyw Stratima i Gamajuna. Naszym celem jest prześledzenie, w jakim stopniu rosyjscy poeci wykorzystują słowiańskie tradycje ludowe i odzwierciedlają je w swoich utworach oraz w jakim stopniu modyfikują odwieczne motywy. Rozpatrywanie motywów zaczerpniętych z mitologii i folkloru w wielu kontekstach dąży do ich herme-neutycznej interpretacji. Analizie poddany został poetycki język analizowanych utworów. W wyniku przeprowadzonych badań wykazano, że tradycyjny obraz ptaków mitycznych w wielu przypadkach ulega poetyckiej transformacji, a ich podstawowa semantyka ulega przekształceniu.

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10

Kenney, P. J. "Deeper stratum." Radiology 209, no. 3 (December 1998): 879. http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiology.209.3.9844691.

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11

Sauter, Christian, Thomas Mühlherr, and Stephanie Teufel. "Forschungsprojekt STRATUM." Informatik - Forschung und Entwicklung 10, no. 3 (August 1, 1995): 163–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004500050022.

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12

Anil Kumar, P. S., and Vinayak Vijapur. "Analysis of Plan Irregular Building Supported in Different Soil Stratum." Bonfring International Journal of Man Machine Interface 4, Special Issue (July 30, 2016): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.9756/bijmmi.8149.

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13

Hnatiuk, Roman, and Igor Papish. "SOLONSKE SECTION AND THE PERSPECTIVES OF THE STUDY OF PLEISTOCENE CARPATHIAN FORELAND." PROBLEMS OF GEOMORPHOLOGY AND PALEOGEOGRAPHY OF THE UKRANIAN CARPATHIANS AND ADJACENT AREAS, no. 09 (01) (September 25, 2019): 73–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/gpc.2019.1.2804.

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The article presents the results of the field study of the two artificial outcrops of the Pleistocene deposits, which are located in the suburbs Solonske near Drohobych city. Outcrops (careers) are located within the terrace of the Tysmenytsia River. The height of the terrace is about 50 m above the river level and changes along the distance from the mountains. The main attention in the article is paid to the study of the structure of the upper (covering) stratum of the terrace with a thickness of about 26 m, and also to the characteristics of its consolidated stratigraphic section. The basis of this stratum consists of the layers of non-carbonate loams and clays. They are more or less enriched of iron compounds and gleyed. Between them there are four horizons of buried soils of the interglacial and interstadial rank. Based on the observations made in the field, it was found that the sediments of the covering stratum have mainly river origin. The conditions of their accumulation, as well as the conditions for the formation and transformation of ancient soils, are considered; eight pre-Holocene lito- and pedostratigraphic layers of different rank are singled out. The division of the covering stratum of the terraces into three main layers is sub¬stan¬tiated, which is equivalent to the stratigraphic units of the glacial and interglacial rank. Comparison of the Solonske section with other sections of the similar height terraces, in particular with well-known outcrops near the village Dubrivka (section Dubrivka) gives grounds to assume that the formation of a local terrace occurred during the Marine Isotopic Stages 12 to 10. Consequently, the Solonske section represents a short strati¬gra¬phic interval of the Middle Pleistocene (not the three main Pleistocene units as stated in the results of its previous study). It can be the basis for studying only a few (two to three) horizons of the glacial/interglacial rank. At the same time, it is potentially a very impor¬tant key section of the Solonske (Dubrivska, Dovhivska, Varnytska) terrace of the Pre-Dniester. The studying of Solonske outcrops makes it necessary to revise the popular notions about the origin and the age of the so-called covering stratum of the river terraces of the Carpathian Foreland and Podolian Pre-Dniester, its stratigraphic filling and significance. Key words: alluvial deposits; terraces; soil-loess sequence; Middle Pleistocene; Dniester valley; Carpathian Foreland; Solonske section.

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14

Barron, Martin, Michael Davern, Robert Montgomery, Xian Tao, Kirk M. Wolter, Wei Zeng, Christina Dorell, and Carla Black. "Using Auxiliary Sample Frame Information for Optimum Sampling of Rare Populations." Journal of Official Statistics 31, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 545–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jos-2015-0034.

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Abstract We investigate disproportionate stratified sampling as a possibly efficient method of surveying members of a rare domain in circumstances in which there is no acceptable list of members. In this work, we assume that information is available at the sampling stage to stratify the general-population sampling frame into high- and low-density strata. Under a fixed constraint on the variance of the estimator of the domain mean, we make the optimum allocation of sample size to the several strata and show that, in comparison to proportional allocation, the optimum allocation requires (a) a smaller total sample size but (b) a larger number of interviews of members of the rare domain. We illustrate the methods using information about American consumers maintained by market-research companies. Such companies are able to develop lists of households that are thought to have a defined attribute of interest, such as at least one resident in a user-specified age range. The lists are imperfect, with false positives and negatives. We apply an age-targeted list to the National Immunization Survey (NIS), conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, which targets the relatively rare population of children age 19–35 months. The age-targeted list comprises the high-density stratum and the rest of the survey’s sampling frame comprises the low-density stratum. Given the optimum allocation, we demonstrate potential cost savings for the NIS in excess of ten percent.

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15

Golenkova, Zinaida T., Elena D. Igitkhanian, and Irina V. Kazarinova. "The Marginal Stratum." Sociological Research 36, no. 3 (May 1997): 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/sor1061-0154360322.

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16

Golenkova, Zinaida T., Elena D. Igitkhanian, and Irina V. Kazarinova. "The Marginal Stratum." Russian Social Science Review 38, no. 4 (July 1997): 52–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/rss1061-1428380452.

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17

Chiou, Y. B., and U. Blume-Peytavi. "Stratum Corneum Maturation." Skin Pharmacology and Physiology 17, no. 2 (2004): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000076015.

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18

Graham, C., and N. L. Simmons. "Functional organization of the bovine rumen epithelium." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 288, no. 1 (January 2005): R173—R181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00425.2004.

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The functional organization of the bovine rumen epithelium has been examined by electron and light microscopy combined with immunocytochemistry to define a transport model for this epithelium. Expression of connexin 43, an integral component of gap junctions, the tight-junction molecules claudin-1 and zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1), and the catalytic α-subunit of Na+-K+-ATPase was demonstrated by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. From the lumen surface, four cell layers can be distinguished: the stratum corneum, the stratum granulosum, the stratum spinosum, and the stratum basale. Both claudin-1 and ZO-1 immunostaining showed plasma membrane staining, which was present at the stratum granulosum with decreasing intensity through the stratum spinosum to the stratum basale. The stratum corneum was negative for claudin-1 immunostaining. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed that occluding tight junctions were present at the stratum granulosum. Plasma membrane connexin 43 immunostaining was most intense at the stratum granulosum and decreased in intensity through stratum spinosum and stratum basale. There was intense immunostaining of the stratum basale for Na+-K+-ATPase, with weak staining of the stratum spinosum. Both the stratum granulosum and the stratum corneum were essentially negative. Stratum basale cells also displayed a high mitochondrial density relative to more apical cell layers. We conclude that epithelial barrier function may be attributed to the stratum granulosum and that cell-cell gap junctions allow diffusion to interconnect the barrier cell layer with the stratum basale where Na+-K+-ATPase is concentrated.

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19

Seppälä, Markku, Maarit Angervo, Leena Riittinen, Masazumi Yajima, Mervi Julkunen, and Riitta Koistinen. "Peptides and proteins in the human endometrium." Reproductive Medicine Review 1, no. 1 (March 1992): 37–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0962279900000430.

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Human endometrium is composed of three layers: stratum compactum, stratum spongiosum and stratum basale. Stratum compactum is the superficial layer made up of openings of the uterine glands and some stromal cells. Stratum spongiosum is the middle layer containing mainly dilated glands and little stroma. Stratum basale is the deepest layer adjoining the muscularis. It consists of primordial glands and compact stroma. Stratum compactum and stratum spongiosum form stratum functionale which is subject to cyclic changes and is removed during menstruation.

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20

Khan, Sameer. "Existence Of Galactic The Stratum And Dermal Stiffen Of Keloid Tissues." American Journal of Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Research 01, no. 01 (August 12, 2019): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajmspr/volume01issue01-02.

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21

Li, Chun Yi, Jie Chen, and Hai Feng Wu. "Field Measurement Research on Overburden Stratum Movement and Deformation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 170-173 (May 2012): 1151–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.170-173.1151.

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According to field measurement datum in disturbed overburden stratum of five drillings, disturbed overburden stratum movement characteristics were analyzed. Negative exponent function model of measurement points movement law was also constructed. Moreover, variation law of stratum subsidence speed and relation between overburden stratum subsidence factor and surface subsidence factor were deeply researched. The results show that starting-distance of panel is nearly 70m, bedrock and alluvium subside synchronically and key-stratum isn’t exist in overburden stratum. Also, displacement curve of measurement points in stratum submits negative exponent function model and mutagenesis of surveying points subsidence speed is the key position where face passed drilling 100m. Furthermore, subsidence factor of overburden stratum and surface submits exponent function model.

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22

Zhang, Yanan, Cheng Ping Zhang, Qian Qian Li, Zheng Li, and Yi Cai. "Influence of Cavity above Tunnel on Stratum Deformation and Failure in Urban Tunnelling." Applied Mechanics and Materials 170-173 (May 2012): 1810–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.170-173.1810.

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In order to study the influence of cavity above the tunnel on stratum deformation and failure in urban tunnelling, the model test method was adopted based on the parameters of the stratum and tunnel section size in Beijing subway. The stratum responses were obtained under the conditions without ground cavity and with ground cavity above the tunnel. The responses include the stratum stress distribution, stratum settlement law and stratum failure process. It was concluded that the existence of ground cavity above the tunnel worsened the stratum condition and accelerated the progress of stratum deformation and failure. Furthermore, the failure began from the cavity and the damage scope was bigger than that under the condition without cavity according to the test results. The research results can be referenced for the similar tunnel engineering.

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23

Elias, Peter M. "The Stratum Corneum Revisited." Journal of Dermatology 23, no. 11 (November 1996): 756–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1346-8138.1996.tb02698.x.

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24

Schürer, N. Y., G. Plewig, and P. M. Elias. "Stratum corneum Lipid Function." Dermatology 183, no. 2 (1991): 77–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000247644.

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25

Shahin, S. H., and J. T. Blankemeyer. "Demonstration of gap junctions in frog skin epithelium." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 257, no. 4 (October 1, 1989): C658—C664. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1989.257.4.c658.

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The morphology and distribution of the intercellular junctions were investigated in isolated skin of Rana pipiens using various electron-microscopic techniques. Our evidence demonstrates the presence of gap junctions and suggests that the distribution of gap junctions is not homogeneous among the epithelial strata. Gap junctions were less frequent in the stratum corneum and stratum granulosum than in the stratum spinosum and stratum germinativum. These results support a model of widespread intercellular coupling, although the lower number of gap junctions in the stratum granulosum suggests a possible deficiency in intercellular coupling. Tight junctions were found only in two apical strata of the epithelium (stratum corneum and stratum granulosum). Desmosomes were located in all strata.

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26

Ren, Hai Feng, Shu Gang Li, and Hong Yu Pan. "Analysis of Numerical Simulation on Breaking Law of the Composite Key Stratum Affected by Coal Mining." Advanced Materials Research 616-618 (December 2012): 350–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.616-618.350.

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Using FLCA3Dnumerical simulation software, analyzed the different models of different extraction from the composite key layer of breaking the law, respectively to the Composite Key Stratum and non-Composite Key Stratum .The results show that Composite Key Stratum breaking interval was significantly greater than The non-Composite Key Stratum, showing a more obvious composite effect, provides a more adequate proof to the Composite Key Stratum theory.

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27

Garidel, Patrick. "Mid-FTIR-Microspectroscopy of stratum corneum single cells and stratum corneum tissue." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 4, no. 22 (October 9, 2002): 5671–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b207478h.

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28

Suzuki, Y., J. Koyama, J. Nomura, J. Sato, and I. Horii. "The role of proteases in stratum corneum: Involvement in stratum corneum desquamation." Journal of Dermatological Science 6, no. 1 (August 1993): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0923-1811(93)91043-t.

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29

Suzuki, Y., J. Nomura, J. Koyama, and I. Horii. "The role of proteases in stratum corneum: involvement in stratum corneum desquamation." Archives of Dermatological Research 286, no. 5 (May 1994): 249–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00387596.

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30

Graham, C., I. Gatherar, I. Haslam, M. Glanville, and N. L. Simmons. "Expression and localization of monocarboxylate transporters and sodium/proton exchangers in bovine rumen epithelium." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 292, no. 2 (February 2007): R997—R1007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00343.2006.

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Monocarboxylate-H+ cotransporters, such as monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) SLC16A, have been suggested to mediate transruminal fluxes of short-chain fatty acids, ketone bodies, and lactate. Using an RT-PCR approach, we demonstrate expression of MCT1 (SLC16A1) and MCT2 (SLC16A7) mRNA in isolated bovine rumen epithelium. cDNA sequence from these PCR products combined with overlapping expressed sequence tag data allowed compilation of the complete open reading frames for MCT1 and MCT2. Immunohistochemical localization of MCT1 shows plasma membrane staining in cells of the stratum basale, with intense staining of the basal aspects of the cells. Immunostaining decreased in the cell layers toward the rumen lumen, with weak staining in the stratum spinsoum. Immunostaining in the stratum granulosum and stratum corneum was essentially negative. Since monocarboxylate transport will load the cytosol with acid, expression and location of Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE) family members within the rumen epithelium were determined. RT-PCR demonstrates expression of multiple NHE family members, including NHE1, NHE2, NHE3, and NHE8. In contrast to MCT1, immunostaining showed that NHE1 was predominantly localized to the stratum granulosum, with a progressive decrease toward the stratum basale. NHE2 immunostaining was observed mainly at an intracellular location in the stratum basale, stratum spinosum, and stratum granulosum. Given the anatomic localization of MCT1, NHE1, and NHE2, the mechanism of transruminal short-chain fatty acid, ketone body, and lactate transfer is discussed in relation to a functional model of the rumen epithelium comprising an apical permeability barrier at the stratum granulosum, with a cell syncitium linking the stratum granulosum to the blood-facing stratum basale.

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31

Magnussen, Steen, and Johannes Breidenbach. "Retrieval of among-stand variances from one observation per stand." Journal of Forest Science 66, No. 4 (April 30, 2020): 133–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/141/2019-jfs.

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Forest inventories provide predictions of stand means on a routine basis from models with auxiliary variables from remote sensing as predictors and response variables from field data. Many forest inventory sampling designs do not afford a direct estimation of the among-stand variance. As consequence, the confidence interval for a model-based prediction of a stand mean is typically too narrow. We propose a new method to compute (from empirical regression residuals) an among-stand variance under sample designs that stratify sample selections by an auxiliary variable, but otherwise do not allow a direct estimation of this variance. We test the method in simulated sampling from a complex artificial population with an age class structure. Two sampling designs are used (one-per-stratum, and quasi systematic), neither recognize stands. Among-stand estimates of variance obtained with the proposed method underestimated the actual variance by 30-50%, yet 95% confidence intervals for a stand mean achieved a coverage that was either slightly better or at par with the coverage achieved with empirical linear best unbiased estimates obtained under less efficient two-stage designs.

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32

Peng, Hao Ming, and Jie Jun Xie. "Strengthening Design of Rammed Pedestal Pile Based on Thin Stiff Stratum." Advanced Materials Research 374-377 (October 2011): 2467–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.374-377.2467.

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This paper discusses the application of the rammed pedestal pile in thin stiff stratum in soft soil based on the engineering practice, presents the strengthening design of adopting thin stiff stratum as bearing stratum, and provides guidance for the strengthening of thin stiff stratum which has great economic significance on the reduction of engineering cost.

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33

Aggarwal, Bhavish, Pushkar Chitnis, Amit Dey, Kamal Jain, Vishnu Navda, Venkata N. Padmanabhan, Ramachandran Ramjee, Aaron Schulman, and Neil Spring. "Stratus." ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review 40, no. 4 (August 16, 2010): 477–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1851275.1851272.

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34

Pang, Ji-Jie, Fan Gao, and Samuel M. Wu. "Stratum-by-stratum projection of light response attributes by retinal bipolar cells ofAmbystoma." Journal of Physiology 558, no. 1 (June 24, 2004): 249–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2004.063503.

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35

Sugino, Kiyoko, Genii Imokawa, and Howard I. Maibach. "Ethnic difference of varied stratum corneum function in relation to stratum corneum lipids." Journal of Dermatological Science 6, no. 1 (August 1993): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0923-1811(93)91343-s.

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36

Hodgson, Ted, and John Borkowski. "Why Stratify?" Teaching Statistics 20, no. 3 (September 1998): 68–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9639.1998.tb00771.x.

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37

Birgersson, U., E. Birgersson, and S. Ollmar. "Estimating electrical properties and the thickness of skin with electrical impedance spectroscopy: Mathematical analysis and measurements." Journal of Electrical Bioimpedance 3, no. 1 (July 23, 2019): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5617/jeb.400.

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Abstract Electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) allows for the study and characterization of tissue alterations and properties associated with the skin. Here, the potential application of EIS to estimate the thickness of the stratum corneum is explored in the form of a mathematical model for EIS, which is analyzed in the limit of 1 kHz and closed-form analytical solutions derived. These analytical expressions are verified with the numerical solution of the full set of equations and validated with an EIS study comprising 120 subjects: overall, good agreement is found in the frequency range 1-100 kHz, where the impedance is governed by the stratum corneum. Combining the closed-form expression for the thickness of the stratum corneum predicted by the model with the experimental EIS measurements, a distribution for the stratum corneum thickness of the subjects is found with a mean and standard deviation that agree well with reported stratum corneum thicknesses from other experimental techniques. This, in turn, suggests that EIS could be employed to measure the thickness of the stratum corneum with reasonable accuracy. In addition, the electrical properties relevant to EIS – conductivity and relative permittivity – of the stratum corneum can be estimated with the closed form expressions if the stratum corneum thickness is known.

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38

Jiang, Hua, Yu Sheng Jiang, Mao Lan Huang, and Zhi Qiang Chen. "Study on Soil Improvement of TBM’S Commencement and Arrival in Water-Rich Sand Stratum." Applied Mechanics and Materials 90-93 (September 2011): 2119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.90-93.2119.

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In order to keep the safety construction during TBM’S commencement and arrival more and avoid surface settlement and failure accidents happening at the joint areas of TBM’S commencement and arrival, according to mechanical properties and deformation modes of water-rich sand stratum, mechanical and mathematical models are established, and theoretical equations of longitudinal improvement scope based on strength and stability theory are deduced. At the same time, according to geometric structure of TBM and permeability requirement of improved stratum, geometric criterions are proposed. By monitoring and analyzing the whole process of stratum improvement at the joint areas of TBM’S commencement and arrival in line 2 lot 2202 of Shenzhen Metro, longitudinal improvement theory and stratum adaptability of various improvement methods are verified, it provides a reliable theoretical basis for stratum improvement in water-rich sand stratum.

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39

Dong, Shi Ming, Ji Gang Xu, and Qing Yuan Wang. "Statistical Study on Formation Natural Deviating Rule in Puguang Gas Field." Applied Mechanics and Materials 318 (May 2013): 465–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.318.465.

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In order to investigate the effect of stratum on well trajectory, statistical approach was used to analyze the formation natural deviating rule in Puguang gas field. The analyzed results show that the formation natural deviating rule can be divided into two groups in Puguang gas field; they are the terrestrial stratum and oceanic stratum. The formation deviation directions are different from each other in the two groups, but the deviation directions tend almost to be up-dip. The further analyzed results show that the formation deviation direction is about 270-300 degree for the terrestrial stratum, and about 180-240 degree for the oceanic stratum.

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40

Turner, R. W., D. E. Meyers, and J. L. Barker. "Localization of tetrodotoxin-sensitive field potentials of CA1 pyramidal cells in the rat hippocampus." Journal of Neurophysiology 62, no. 6 (December 1, 1989): 1375–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1989.62.6.1375.

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1. The role of tetrodotoxin (TTX)-sensitive (Na+) channels in the generation of antidromic and orthodromic field potentials of the CA1 pyramidal cell population was examined by local application of TTX in the in vitro rat hippocampal slice preparation. 2. The sensitivity of alvear (antidromic) and stratum oriens (SO)-evoked potentials to TTX application (10-100 microM) was tested in stratum pyramidale and over the entire extent of pyramidal cell apical dendrites in stratum radiatum. Stratum radiatum (SR)-evoked potentials were examined at the level of pyramidal cell bodies and over the proximal 200 microns of the apical dendritic region. 3. Pressure application of TTX confined to stratum pyramidale or regions of stratum radiatum selectively blocked the negative component of antidromic and SO-evoked population discharge in the cell body layer and over the initial 200 microns of stratum radiatum. 4. SR stimulation evoked a complex field potential in the proximal stratum radiatum (less than 150 microns) composed of at least three components: 1) A short-duration (approximately 3 ms) negativity of shorter peak latency than the population spike recorded simultaneously in stratum pyramidale. This potential was highly sensitive to TTX and appeared to be instrumental in the generation of the cell body population response. 2) A long-duration negativity (approximately 20 ms) evoked at stimulation strengths that were subthreshold for both the short-duration negativity in proximal stratum radiatum and the cell body population spike. Although apparently less sensitive to TTX, this potential was reduced in amplitude with repeated TTX application; and 3) a slow (approximately 12 ms) positive-going potential that was only observed after eliminating all TTX-sensitive conductance mechanisms in the proximal stratum radiatum. 5. The latency difference between the SR-evoked short-duration negativity of proximal stratum radiatum and the population spike in stratum pyramidale decreased or reversed during the course of multiple discharge induced by the addition of bicuculline or picrotoxin (5-10 microM) to the perfusate. 6. These data indicate the presence of TTX-sensitive presumed Na+ channels over the initial 200 microns of pyramidal cell apical dendrites capable of supporting active conduction of population discharge evoked by antidromic or SO stimulation. The sensitivity of SR-evoked potentials to TTX suggests that a synaptic potential generated in the distal apical dendrites is capable of triggering both a slow active depolarization and a fast spike-like discharge in the proximal apical dendritic region.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

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41

Bagatell, R., L. M. Wagner, S. L. Cohn, J. M. Maris, C. P. Reynolds, C. F. Stewart, S. D. Voss, M. Gelfand, C. S. Kretschmar, and W. B. London. "Irinotecan plus temozolomide in children with recurrent or refractory neuroblastoma: A phase II Children's Oncology Group study." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2009): 10011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.10011.

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10011 Background: Treatment of children with relapsed or refractory neuroblastoma (NB) remains a challenge. Responses to irinotecan (IRN) + temozolomide (TEM) were seen in NB xenograft-bearing mice, and objective responses were observed in patients with NB treated on a phase I study of this combination. Methods: A phase II study of IRN (10 mg/m2/dose IV daily × 5 days times; 2 weeks) + TEM (100 mg/m2/dose PO daily × 5 days) for children with relapsed or refractory NB was conducted. A one-stage design (endpoint: best overall response) required 5 or more responders out of the first 25 evaluable patients on each of two strata: 1) patients with disease measurable by CT or MRI; and 2) patients with disease detected only by bone marrow aspirate/biopsy and/or MIBG scan. Patients with stable disease or better after 3 cycles could receive an additional 3 cycles of study therapy. International Neuroblastoma Response Criteria were used for response assessment. Radiographic responses were centrally reviewed. Results: Fifty-five eligible and evaluable patients were enrolled, 28 on stratum 1 and 27 on stratum 2. Four responses were observed in the first 25 evaluable stratum 1 patients, and five responses were observed in the first 25 evaluable stratum 2 patients. Three patients had complete responses, but the overall objective response rate (CR+PR) was 16% (9/55). Eleven (stratum 1) and 13 (stratum 2) patients had stable disease. Less than 5% of patients experienced Grade 3 or 4 diarrhea. Although 18% of patients on stratum 1 and 35% of patients on stratum 2 experienced Grade 3 or 4 neutropenia during the first 3 cycles of therapy, <10% of all patients developed evidence of infection while neutropenic. Thrombocytopenia (Grade 3 or 4) was observed in only 7% of patients on stratum 1 and 12% on stratum 2. Conclusions: The combination of IRN+TEM was well tolerated in patients with recurrent or refractory NB. There were 9 objective responses, including 3 complete responses. The minimum desired response rate was attained within stratum 2, but not stratum 1. IRN+TEM may be an appropriate backbone for further study in the relapse setting in combination with novel, targeted agents. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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42

Yang, Ke, Xiaolou Chi, Wenjie Liu, Litong Dou, and Zhen Wei. "Strong Ground Pressure Mechanism and Control at the Longwall Top Coal Caving with a Single Key Stratum in Goaf." Shock and Vibration 2020 (August 24, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8835101.

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A strong ground pressure in the multiseam environment manifested by rib spalling and roadway deformation at the fully mechanized working face was assessed by a comprehensive combination of field measurements, physical simulations, and theoretical analysis for two coal seams in the Buertai Coal Mine in China. A structural model of overlying stratum collapse at the working face with the key stratum breaking instability was proposed, the mechanism of strong ground pressure at the longwall top coal caving working face with a single key stratum in goaf was identified, and respective control countermeasures were developed. The latter implied the directional hydraulic fracturing for supporting the key stratum-surrounding rocks, which effectively reduced the cyclic weighting intensity and weighting interval in the working face with a single key stratum in the goaf. The working face cyclic breaking interval was assessed at 30 m. After the key stratum collapse, soft rocks underwent synergistic deformation and a cutting-type failure. The goaf effect on the hydraulic support resistance in the fully mechanized working face was assessed, and cutting blocks from the overlying stratum collapse were identified as the main sources of strong ground pressure.

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43

Marks, Ronald. "Seeing through the Stratum Corneum." Keio Journal of Medicine 49, no. 2 (2000): 80–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2302/kjm.49.80.

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44

Franklin, Norma. "Revealing Stratum V at Megiddo." Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 342 (May 2006): 95–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/basor25066954.

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45

Pirot, Fabrice, Françoise Falson, Cyril Pailler-Mattéi, and Howard I. Maibach. "Stratum Corneum: An Ideal Osmometer?" Exogenous Dermatology 3, no. 6 (2004): 339–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000093798.

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46

Jungersted, J. M., J. K. Høgh, L. I. Hellgren, G. B. E. Jemec, and T. Agner. "Ethnicity and stratum corneum ceramides." British Journal of Dermatology 163, no. 6 (November 18, 2010): 1169–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.10080.x.

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47

Bagriantsev, Nikolai V., Arnold L. Gordon, and Bruce A. Huber. "Weddell Gyre: Temperature maximum stratum." Journal of Geophysical Research 94, no. C6 (1989): 8331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/jc094ic06p08331.

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48

Stone, K. J., R. R. Warner, Y. L. Boissy, and D. S. Jacobs. "overhydration disrupts stratum corneum structure." Journal of Dermatological Science 16 (March 1998): S203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0923-1811(98)84213-8.

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49

Egelrud, Torbjörn. "Desquamation in the Stratum Corneum." Acta Dermato-Venereologica 80 (May 10, 2000): 44–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/000155500750012513.

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50

Egelrud, Torbjörn. "Desquamation in the Stratum Corneum." Acta Dermato-Venereologica 80, no. 1 (May 10, 2000): 44–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/000155500750042853.

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