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Journal articles on the topic 'Stratosphere dynamics'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 9 February 2022

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1

Black, Robert X., and Brent A. McDaniel. "The Dynamics of Northern Hemisphere Stratospheric Final Warming Events." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 64, no. 8 (2007): 2932–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas3981.1.

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A lag composite analysis is performed of the zonal-mean structure and dynamics of Northern Hemisphere stratospheric final warming (SFW) events. SFW events are linked to distinct zonal wind deceleration signatures in the stratosphere and troposphere. The period of strongest stratospheric decelerations (SD) is marked by a concomitant reduction in the high-latitude tropospheric westerlies. However, a subsequent period of tropospheric decelerations (TD) occurs while the stratospheric circulation relaxes toward climatological conditions. During SFW onset, a wavenumber-1 disturbance at stratospheric

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Baldwin, Mark P., Thomas Birner, Guy Brasseur, et al. "100 Years of Progress in Understanding the Stratosphere and Mesosphere." Meteorological Monographs 59 (January 1, 2019): 27.1–27.62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/amsmonographs-d-19-0003.1.

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Abstract The stratosphere contains ~17% of Earth’s atmospheric mass, but its existence was unknown until 1902. In the following decades our knowledge grew gradually as more observations of the stratosphere were made. In 1913 the ozone layer, which protects life from harmful ultraviolet radiation, was discovered. From ozone and water vapor observations, a first basic idea of a stratospheric general circulation was put forward. Since the 1950s our knowledge of the stratosphere and mesosphere has expanded rapidly, and the importance of this region in the climate system has become clear. With more

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3

Ivy, Diane J., Susan Solomon, and Harald E. Rieder. "Radiative and Dynamical Influences on Polar Stratospheric Temperature Trends." Journal of Climate 29, no. 13 (2016): 4927–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-15-0503.1.

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Abstract Radiative and dynamical heating rates control stratospheric temperatures. In this study, radiative temperature trends due to ozone depletion and increasing well-mixed greenhouse gases from 1980 to 2000 in the polar stratosphere are directly evaluated, and the dynamical contributions to temperature trends are estimated as the residual between the observed and radiative trends. The radiative trends are obtained from a seasonally evolving fixed dynamical heating calculation with the Parallel Offline Radiative Transfer model using four different ozone datasets, which provide estimates of

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4

Wang, W., W. Tian, S. Dhomse, F. Xie, and J. Shu. "Stratospheric ozone depletion from future nitrous oxide increases." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 13, no. 11 (2013): 29447–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-13-29447-2013.

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Abstract. We have investigated the impact of assumed nitrous oxide (N2O) increases on stratospheric chemistry and dynamics by a series of idealized simulations. In a future cooler stratosphere the net yield of NOy from a changed N2O is known to decrease, but NOy can still be significantly increased by the increase of N2O. Results with a coupled chemistry-climate model (CCM) show that increases in N2O of 50%/100% between 2001 and 2050 result in more ozone destruction, causing a reduction in ozone mixing ratios of maximally 6%/10% in the middle stratosphere at around 10 hPa. This enhanced destru

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Grise, Kevin M., David W. J. Thompson, and Piers M. Forster. "On the Role of Radiative Processes in Stratosphere–Troposphere Coupling." Journal of Climate 22, no. 15 (2009): 4154–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jcli2756.1.

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Abstract Climate change in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) polar stratosphere is associated with substantial changes in the atmospheric circulation that extend to the earth’s surface. The mechanisms that drive the changes in the SH troposphere are not fully understood, but most previous hypotheses have focused on the role of atmospheric dynamics rather than that of radiation. This study quantifies the radiative response of temperatures in the SH polar troposphere to the forcing from long-term temperature and ozone trends in the SH polar stratosphere. A novel methodology is employed that explicitl

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Mukougawa, Hitoshi, Shunsuke Noguchi, Yuhji Kuroda, Ryo Mizuta, and Kunihiko Kodera. "Dynamics and Predictability of Downward-Propagating Stratospheric Planetary Waves Observed in March 2007." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 74, no. 11 (2017): 3533–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-16-0330.1.

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Abstract The predictability of a downward-propagating event of stratospheric planetary waves observed in early March 2007 is examined by conducting ensemble forecasts using an AGCM. It is determined that the predictable period of this event is about 7 days. Regression analysis using all members of an ensemble forecast also reveals that the downward propagation is significantly related to an amplifying quasi-stationary planetary-scale anomaly with barotropic structure in polar regions of the upper stratosphere. Moreover, the anomaly is 90° out of phase with the ensemble-mean field. Hence, the u

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Lee, Yun-Young, and Robert X. Black. "The Structure and Dynamics of the Stratospheric Northern Annular Mode in CMIP5 Simulations." Journal of Climate 28, no. 1 (2014): 86–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-13-00570.1.

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Abstract The structure and dynamics of stratospheric northern annular mode (SNAM) events in CMIP5 simulations are studied, emphasizing (i) stratosphere–troposphere coupling and (ii) disparities between high-top (HT) and low-top (LT) models. Compared to HT models, LT models generally underrepresent SNAM amplitude in stratosphere, consistent with weaker polar vortex variability, as demonstrated by Charlton-Perez et al. Interestingly, however, this difference does not carry over to the associated zonal-mean SNAM signature in troposphere, which closely resembles observations in both HT and LT mode

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Anet, J. G., S. Muthers, E. Rozanov, et al. "Forcing of stratospheric chemistry and dynamics during the Dalton Minimum." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 13, no. 21 (2013): 10951–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-10951-2013.

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Abstract. The response of atmospheric chemistry and dynamics to volcanic eruptions and to a decrease in solar activity during the Dalton Minimum is investigated with the fully coupled atmosphere–ocean chemistry general circulation model SOCOL-MPIOM (modeling tools for studies of SOlar Climate Ozone Links-Max Planck Institute Ocean Model) covering the time period 1780 to 1840 AD. We carried out several sensitivity ensemble experiments to separate the effects of (i) reduced solar ultra-violet (UV) irradiance, (ii) reduced solar visible and near infrared irradiance, (iii) enhanced galactic cosmic

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9

Banerjee, Antara, Amy H. Butler, Lorenzo M. Polvani, Alan Robock, Isla R. Simpson, and Lantao Sun. "Robust winter warming over Eurasia under stratospheric sulfate geoengineering – the role of stratospheric dynamics." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21, no. 9 (2021): 6985–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6985-2021.

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Abstract. It has been suggested that increased stratospheric sulfate aerosol loadings following large, low latitude volcanic eruptions can lead to wintertime warming over Eurasia through dynamical stratosphere–troposphere coupling. We here investigate the proposed connection in the context of hypothetical future stratospheric sulfate geoengineering in the Geoengineering Large Ensemble simulations. In those geoengineering simulations, we find that stratospheric circulation anomalies that resemble the positive phase of the Northern Annular Mode in winter are a distinguishing climate response whi

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Jucker, M., S. Fueglistaler, and G. K. Vallis. "Maintenance of the Stratospheric Structure in an Idealized General Circulation Model." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 70, no. 11 (2013): 3341–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-12-0305.1.

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Abstract This work explores the maintenance of the stratospheric structure in a primitive equation model that is forced by a Newtonian cooling with a prescribed radiative equilibrium temperature field. Models such as this are well suited to analyze and address questions regarding the nature of wave propagation and troposphere–stratosphere interactions. The focus lies on the lower to midstratosphere and the mean annual cycle, with its large interhemispheric variations in the radiative background state and forcing, is taken as a benchmark to be simulated with reasonable verisimilitude. A reasona

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Akhil Raj, Sivan Thankamani, Madineni Venkat Ratnam, Daggumati Narayana Rao, and Boddam Venkata Krishna Murthy. "Long-term trends in stratospheric ozone, temperature, and water vapor over the Indian region." Annales Geophysicae 36, no. 1 (2018): 149–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-36-149-2018.

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Abstract. We have investigated the long-term trends in and variabilities of stratospheric ozone, water vapor and temperature over the Indian monsoon region using the long-term data constructed from multi-satellite (Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS MLS and HALOE, 1993–2005), Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS, 2004–2015), Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER, 2002–2015) on board TIMED (Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics Dynamics)) observations covering the period 1993–2015. We have selected two locations, namely, Trivandrum (8.4∘ N, 76.9∘ E) an

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Cámara, Alvaro de la, Thomas Birner, and John R. Albers. "Are Sudden Stratospheric Warmings Preceded by Anomalous Tropospheric Wave Activity?" Journal of Climate 32, no. 21 (2019): 7173–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-19-0269.1.

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Abstract A combination of 240 years of output from a state-of-the-art chemistry–climate model and a twentieth-century reanalysis product is used to investigate to what extent sudden stratospheric warmings are preceded by anomalous tropospheric wave activity. To this end we study the fate of lower tropospheric wave events (LTWEs) and their interaction with the stratospheric mean flow. These LTWEs are contrasted with sudden stratospheric deceleration events (SSDs), which are similar to sudden stratospheric warmings but place more emphasis on the explosive dynamical nature of such events. Reanaly

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Anet, J. G., S. Muthers, E. Rozanov, et al. "Forcing of stratospheric chemistry and dynamics during the Dalton Minimum." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 13, no. 6 (2013): 15061–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-13-15061-2013.

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Abstract. The response of atmospheric chemistry and climate to volcanic eruptions and a decrease in solar activity during the Dalton Minimum is investigated with the fully coupled atmosphere-ocean-chemistry general circulation model SOCOL-MPIOM covering the time period 1780 to 1840 AD. We carried out several sensitivity ensemble experiments to separate the effects of (i) reduced solar ultra-violet (UV) irradiance, (ii) reduced solar visible and near infrared irradiance, (iii) enhanced galactic cosmic ray intensity as well as less intensive solar energetic proton events and auroral electron pre

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Kleinschmitt, Christoph, Olivier Boucher, Slimane Bekki, François Lott, and Ulrich Platt. "The Sectional Stratospheric Sulfate Aerosol module (S3A-v1) within the LMDZ general circulation model: description and evaluation against stratospheric aerosol observations." Geoscientific Model Development 10, no. 9 (2017): 3359–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-3359-2017.

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Abstract. Stratospheric aerosols play an important role in the climate system by affecting the Earth's radiative budget as well as atmospheric chemistry, and the capabilities to simulate them interactively within global models are continuously improving. It is important to represent accurately both aerosol microphysical and atmospheric dynamical processes because together they affect the size distribution and the residence time of the aerosol particles in the stratosphere. The newly developed LMDZ-S3A model presented in this article uses a sectional approach for sulfate particles in the strato

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15

Charlton, Andrew J., and Lorenzo M. Polvani. "A New Look at Stratospheric Sudden Warmings. Part I: Climatology and Modeling Benchmarks." Journal of Climate 20, no. 3 (2007): 449–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli3996.1.

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Abstract Stratospheric sudden warmings are the clearest and strongest manifestation of dynamical coupling in the stratosphere–troposphere system. While many sudden warmings have been individually documented in the literature, this study aims at constructing a comprehensive climatology: all major midwinter warming events are identified and classified, in both the NCEP–NCAR and 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-40) datasets. To accomplish this a new, objective identification algorithm is developed. This algorithm identifies sudden warmings based on the zonal mean zonal wind at 60°N and 10 hPa, and cl

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Schanz, A., K. Hocke, N. Kämpfer, et al. "The diurnal variation in stratospheric ozone from the MACC reanalysis, the ERA-Interim reanalysis, WACCM and Earth observation data: characteristics and intercomparison." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 14, no. 23 (2014): 32667–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-14-32667-2014.

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Abstract. In this study we compare the diurnal variation in stratospheric ozone derived from free-running simulations of the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM) and from reanalysis data of the atmospheric service MACC (Monitoring Atmospheric Composition and Climate) which both use a similar stratospheric chemistry module. We find good agreement between WACCM and the MACC reanalysis for the diurnal ozone variation in the high-latitude summer stratosphere based on photochemistry. In addition, we consult the ozone data product of the ERA-Interim reanalysis. The ERA-Interim reanalysis

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Stenke, A., M. Dameris, V. Grewe, and H. Garny. "Implications of Lagrangian transport for simulations with a coupled chemistry-climate model." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 9, no. 15 (2009): 5489–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-5489-2009.

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Abstract. For the first time a purely Lagrangian transport algorithm is applied in a fully coupled chemistry-climate model (CCM). We use the numerically non-diffusive Lagrangian scheme ATTILA instead of the operational semi-Lagrangian scheme for the transport of water vapour, cloud water and chemical trace species in the CCM E39C. The new model version including the Lagrangian scheme is referred to as E39C-A. The implications of the Lagrangian transport scheme for stratospheric model dynamics and tracer distributions in E39C-A are evaluated by comparison with observations and results of the pr

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18

Simpson, Isla R., Theodore G. Shepherd, and Michael Sigmond. "Dynamics of the Lower Stratospheric Circulation Response to ENSO." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 68, no. 11 (2011): 2537–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-11-05.1.

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Abstract A robust feature of the observed response to El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is an altered circulation in the lower stratosphere. When sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the tropical Pacific are warmer there is enhanced upwelling and cooling in the tropical lower stratosphere and downwelling and warming in the midlatitudes, while the opposite is true of cooler SSTs. The midlatitude lower stratospheric response to ENSO is larger in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) than in the Northern Hemisphere (NH). In this study the dynamical version of the Canadian Middle Atmosphere Model (CMAM) is

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Hitchcock, Peter. "On the value of reanalyses prior to 1979 for dynamical studies of stratosphere–troposphere coupling." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19, no. 5 (2019): 2749–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-2749-2019.

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Abstract. Studies of stratosphere–troposphere coupling, particularly those seeking to understand the dynamical processes underlying the coupling following extreme events such as major stratospheric warmings, suffer significantly from the relatively small number of such events in the “satellite” era (1979 to present). This limited sampling of a highly variable dynamical system means that composite averages tend to have large uncertainties. Including years during which radiosonde observations of the stratosphere were of sufficiently high quality substantially extends this record, reducing this s

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Sofieva, V. F., N. Kalakoski, P. T. Verronen, et al. "Changes in chemical composition of the middle atmosphere caused by sudden stratospheric warmings as seen by GOMOS/Envisat." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 11, no. 8 (2011): 23317–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-11-23317-2011.

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Abstract. Sudden stratospheric warmings (SSW) are large-scale transient events, which have a profound effect on the Northern Hemisphere stratospheric circulation in winter. During the SSW events the temperature in stratosphere increases by several tens of Kelvins and zonal winds decelerate or reverse in direction. Changes in temperature and dynamics significantly affect the chemical composition of the middle atmosphere. In this paper, the response of the middle-atmosphere trace gases during several sudden stratospheric warmings in 2003–2008 is investigated using measurements from the GOMOS (Gl

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Sofieva, V. F., N. Kalakoski, P. T. Verronen, et al. "Polar-night O<sub>3</sub>, NO<sub>2</sub> and NO<sub>3</sub> distributions during sudden stratospheric warmings in 2003–2008 as seen by GOMOS/Envisat." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 12, no. 2 (2012): 1051–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-1051-2012.

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Abstract. Sudden stratospheric warmings (SSW) are large-scale transient events, which have a profound effect on the Northern Hemisphere stratospheric circulation in winter. During the SSW events the temperature in stratosphere increases by several tens of Kelvins and zonal winds decelerate or reverse in direction. Changes in temperature and dynamics significantly affect the chemical composition of the middle atmosphere. In this paper, the response of the middle-atmosphere trace gases during several sudden stratospheric warmings in 2003–2008 is investigated using measurements from the GOMOS (Gl

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Hasebe, F., S. Aoki, S. Morimoto, et al. "Coordinated Upper-Troposphere-to-Stratosphere Balloon Experiment in Biak." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 99, no. 6 (2018): 1213–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-16-0289.1.

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AbstractThe stratospheric response to climate forcing, such as an increase in greenhouse gases, is often unpredictable because of interactions between radiation, dynamics, and chemistry. Climate models are unsuccessful in simulating the realistic distribution of stratospheric water vapor. The long-term trend of the stratospheric age of air (AoA), a measure that characterizes the stratospheric turnover time, remains inconsistent between diagnoses in climate models and estimates from tracer observations. For these reasons, observations designed specifically to distinguish the effects of individu

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Haase, Sabine, and Katja Matthes. "The importance of interactive chemistry for stratosphere–troposphere coupling." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19, no. 5 (2019): 3417–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-3417-2019.

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Abstract. Recent observational and modeling studies suggest that stratospheric ozone depletion not only influences the surface climate in the Southern Hemisphere (SH), but also impacts Northern Hemisphere (NH) spring, which implies a strong interaction between dynamics and chemistry. Here, we systematically analyze the importance of interactive chemistry with respect to the representation of stratosphere–troposphere coupling and in particular the effects on NH surface climate during the recent past. We use the interactive and specified chemistry version of NCAR's Whole Atmosphere Community Cli

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Adusumilli, Susheel, and Robert A. Van Gorder. "Hyperchaos from a Model of Coupled Stratosphere-Troposphere Dynamics." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 27, no. 02 (2017): 1730007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127417300075.

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We present a six-dimensional system describing coupled troposphere-stratosphere dynamics which takes the form of two coupled Lorenz-84 systems (one for each of the troposphere and stratosphere) involving thermal forcing terms. The systems are coupled through a linear interaction term, which permits energy transfer between both troposphere and stratosphere layers. While other six-dimensional systems giving hyperchaos and multiscroll attractors have been found in the literature, the coupled systems given here arise naturally from the physical problem. In particular, the resulting six-dimensional

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Arnold, N. F., and T. R. Robinson. "Solar cycle changes to planetary wave propagation and their influence on the middle atmosphere circulation." Annales Geophysicae 16, no. 1 (1998): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-997-0069-3.

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Abstract. Recent observations suggest that there may be a causal relationship between solar activity and the strength of the winter Northern Hemisphere circulation in the stratosphere. A three-dimensional model of the atmosphere between 10–140 km was developed to assess the influence of solar minimum and solar maximum conditions on the propagation of planetary waves and the subsequent changes to the circulation of the stratosphere. Ultraviolet heating in the middle atmosphere was kept constant in order to emphasise the importance of non-linear dynamical coupling. A realistic thermosphere was a

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Scott, R. K., and L. M. Polvani. "Internal Variability of the Winter Stratosphere. Part I: Time-Independent Forcing." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 63, no. 11 (2006): 2758–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas3797.1.

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Abstract This paper examines the nature and robustness of internal stratospheric variability, namely the variability resulting from the internal dynamics of the stratosphere itself, as opposed to that forced by external sources such as the natural variability of the free troposphere. Internal stratospheric variability arises from the competing actions of radiative forcing, which under perpetual winter conditions strengthens the polar vortex, and planetary wave breaking, which weakens it. The results from a stratosphere-only model demonstrate that strong internal stratospheric variability, cons

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Coy, Lawrence, Paul A. Newman, Steven Pawson, and Leslie R. Lait. "Dynamics of the Disrupted 2015/16 Quasi-Biennial Oscillation." Journal of Climate 30, no. 15 (2017): 5661–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-16-0663.1.

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A significant disruption of the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) occurred during the Northern Hemisphere (NH) winter of 2015/16. Since the QBO is the major wind variability source in the tropical lower stratosphere and influences the rate of ascent of air entering the stratosphere, understanding the cause of this singular disruption may provide new insights into the variability and sensitivity of the global climate system. Here this disruptive event is examined using global reanalysis winds and temperatures from 1980 to 2016. Results reveal record maxima in tropical horizontal momentum fluxes

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Marichev, V. N., and D. A. Bochkovskiia. "Monitoring the Variability of the Stratospheric Aerosol Layer over Tomsk in 2016–2018 Based on Lidar Data." Meteorologiya i Gidrologiya, no. 1 (2021): 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.52002/0130-2906-2021-1-61-72.

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The results of observations of the features of intraannual variability for the vertical structure of background aerosol in the stratosphere over Western Siberia in 2016–2018 are presented and analyzed. Experimental data were obtained at the lidar complex of Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics (Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences) with a receiving mirror diameter of 1 m. The objective of the study is to investigate the dynamics of background stratospheric aerosol, since during this period there were no volcanic eruptions leading to the transport of eruptive aerosol into the stratosphe

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Geller, Marvin A., Tiehan Zhou, and Kevin Hamilton. "Morphology of Tropical Upwelling in the Lower Stratosphere." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 65, no. 7 (2008): 2360–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007jas2421.1.

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Abstract Sensitivity tests of a mechanistic model of the mean meridional circulation driven by specified eddy forcing are conducted to investigate how the morphology of tropical upwelling in the lower stratosphere is related to the structure of the forcing expected to be associated with the stratospheric surf zone. The basic morphology of tropical upwelling is found to be similar among the mechanistic model forced with reasonable eddy fluxes, the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) SKYHI GCM, U.K. Met Office (UKMO) analyses, and other climate models, indicating the robustness of the u

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Khosrawi, Farahnaz, Oliver Kirner, Björn-Martin Sinnhuber, et al. "Denitrification, dehydration and ozone loss during the 2015/2016 Arctic winter." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17, no. 21 (2017): 12893–910. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-12893-2017.

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Abstract. The 2015/2016 Arctic winter was one of the coldest stratospheric winters in recent years. A stable vortex formed by early December and the early winter was exceptionally cold. Cold pool temperatures dropped below the nitric acid trihydrate (NAT) existence temperature of about 195 K, thus allowing polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) to form. The low temperatures in the polar stratosphere persisted until early March, allowing chlorine activation and catalytic ozone destruction. Satellite observations indicate that sedimentation of PSC particles led to denitrification as well as dehydrati

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McCormack, John P., Stephen D. Eckermann, and Timothy F. Hogan. "Generation of a Quasi-Biennial Oscillation in an NWP Model Using a Stochastic Gravity Wave Drag Parameterization." Monthly Weather Review 143, no. 6 (2015): 2121–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-14-00208.1.

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Abstract Many operational numerical weather prediction (NWP) systems now extend into the stratosphere and are beginning to be used to generate forecasts beyond conventional 5–10-day periods out to seasonal time scales. Past observational and modeling studies have shown that the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) in equatorial stratospheric winds can play an important role in stratosphere–troposphere dynamical coupling over these longer time scales. Consequently, stratosphere-resolving NWP models used to generate seasonal forecasts should contain the necessary physics to generate and maintain the

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Schultz, Colin. "The stratosphere: Dynamics, transport, and chemistry." Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 92, no. 50 (2011): 471. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011eo500012.

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Dhomse, S., M. P. Chipperfield, W. Feng, and J. D. Haigh. "Solar response in tropical stratospheric ozone: a 3-D chemical transport model study using ERA reanalyses." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 11, no. 5 (2011): 13975–4001. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-11-13975-2011.

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Abstract. We have used an off-line 3-D chemical transport model (CTM), to investigate the 11-year solar cycle response in tropical stratospheric ozone. The model is forced with European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) (re)analysis (ERA-40/Operational and ERA-Interim) data for 1978–2005 time period. We have compared the modelled solar response in ozone to observational data from three satellite instruments, Solar Backscatter UltraViolet instrument (SBUV), Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) and Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE). A significant difference is see

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Suter, I., R. Zech, J. G. Anet, and T. Peter. "Impact of geomagnetic excursions on atmospheric chemistry and dynamics." Climate of the Past 10, no. 3 (2014): 1183–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-1183-2014.

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Abstract. Geomagnetic excursions, i.e. short periods in time with much weaker geomagnetic fields and substantial changes in the position of the geomagnetic pole, occurred repeatedly in the Earth's history, e.g. the Laschamp event about 41 kyr ago. Although the next such excursion is certain to come, little is known about the timing and possible consequences for the state of the atmosphere and the ecosystems. Here we use the global chemistry climate model SOCOL-MPIOM to simulate the effects of geomagnetic excursions on atmospheric ionization, chemistry and dynamics. Our simulations show signifi

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Lelieveld, J., C. Brühl, P. Jöckel, et al. "Stratospheric dryness." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 6, no. 6 (2006): 11247–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-6-11247-2006.

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Abstract. The mechanisms responsible for the extreme dryness of the stratosphere have been debated for decades. A key difficulty has been the lack of models which are able to reproduce the observations. Here we examine results from a new atmospheric chemistry general circulation model (ECHAM5/MESSy1) together with satellite observations. Our model results match observed temperatures in the tropical lower stratosphere and realistically represent recurrent features such as the semi-annual oscillation (SAO) and the quasi-biennual oscillation (QBO), indicating that dynamical and radiation processe

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Martineau, Patrick, and Seok-Woo Son. "Onset of Circulation Anomalies during Stratospheric Vortex Weakening Events: The Role of Planetary-Scale Waves." Journal of Climate 28, no. 18 (2015): 7347–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-14-00478.1.

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Abstract To highlight the details of stratosphere–troposphere dynamical coupling during the onset of strong polar vortex variability, this study identifies stratospheric vortex weakening (SVW) events by rapid deceleration of the polar vortex and performs composite budget analyses in the transformed Eulerian-mean (TEM) framework on daily time scales. Consistent with previous work, a rapid deceleration of the polar vortex, followed by a rather slow recovery, is largely explained by conservative dynamics with nonnegligible contribution by nonconservative sinks of wave activity. During the onset o

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Wang, W., W. Tian, S. Dhomse, F. Xie, J. Shu, and J. Austin. "Stratospheric ozone depletion from future nitrous oxide increases." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 14, no. 23 (2014): 12967–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-12967-2014.

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Abstract. We have investigated the impact of the assumed nitrous oxide (N2O) increases on stratospheric chemistry and dynamics using a series of idealized simulations with a coupled chemistry-climate model (CCM). In a future cooler stratosphere the net yield of NOy from N2O is shown to decrease in a reference run following the IPCC A1B scenario, but NOy can still be significantly increased by extra increases of N2O over 2001–2050. Over the last decade of simulations, 50% increases in N2O result in a maximal 6% reduction in ozone mixing ratios in the middle stratosphere at around 10 hPa and an

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Stenke, A., M. Dameris, V. Grewe, and H. Garny. "Implications of Lagrangian transport for coupled chemistry-climate simulations." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 8, no. 5 (2008): 18727–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-8-18727-2008.

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Abstract. For the first time a purely Lagrangian transport algorithm is applied in a fully coupled chemistry-climate model (CCM). We use the Lagrangian scheme ATTILA for the transport of water vapour, cloud water and chemical trace species in the ECHAM4.L39(DLR)/CHEM (E39C) CCM. The advantage of the Lagrangian approach is that it is numerically non-diffusive and therefore maintains steeper and more realistic gradients than the operational semi-Lagrangian transport scheme. In case of radiatively active species changes in the simulated distributions feed back to model dynamics which in turn affe

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Manney, Gloria L., Joseph L. Sabutis, Douglas R. Allen, et al. "Simulations of Dynamics and Transport during the September 2002 Antarctic Major Warming." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 62, no. 3 (2005): 690–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-3313.1.

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Abstract A mechanistic model simulation initialized on 14 September 2002, forced by 100-hPa geopotential heights from Met Office analyses, reproduced the dynamical features of the 2002 Antarctic major warming. The vortex split on ∼25 September; recovery after the warming, westward and equatorward tilting vortices, and strong baroclinic zones in temperature associated with a dipole pattern of upward and downward vertical velocities were all captured in the simulation. Model results and analyses show a pattern of strong upward wave propagation throughout the warming, with zonal wind deceleration

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Petzoldt, K. "The role of dynamics in total ozone deviations from their long-term mean over the Northern Hemisphere." Annales Geophysicae 17, no. 2 (1999): 231–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-999-0231-1.

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Abstract. Total ozone anomalies (deviation from the long-term mean) are created by anomalous circulation patterns. The dynamically produced ozone anomalies can be estimated from known circulation parameters in the layer between the tropopause and the middle stratosphere by means of statistics. Satellite observations of ozone anomalies can be compared with those expected from dynamics. Residual negative anomalies may be due to chemical ozone destruction. The statistics are derived from a 14 year data set of TOMS (Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer January 1979-Dec. 1992) and corresponding 300 hPa

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Löffler, M., S. Brinkop, and P. Jöckel. "Impact of major volcanic eruptions on stratospheric water vapour." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 15, no. 23 (2015): 34407–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-15-34407-2015.

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Abstract. Volcanic eruptions can have significant impact on the earth's weather and climate system. Besides the subsequent tropospheric changes also the stratosphere is influenced by large eruptions. Here changes in stratospheric water vapour after the two major volcanic eruptions of El Chichón in Mexico in 1982 and Mount Pinatubo on the Philippines in 1991 are investigated with chemistry-climate model simulations. This study is based on two simulations with specified dynamics of the EMAC model, performed within the Earth System Chemistry integrated Modelling (ESCiMo) project, of which only on

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Saad, K. M., D. Wunch, G. C. Toon, et al. "Derivation of tropospheric methane from TCCON CH<sub>4</sub> and HF total column observations." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 7, no. 4 (2014): 3471–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-7-3471-2014.

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Abstract. The Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) is a global ground-based network of Fourier transform spectrometers that produce precise measurements of column-averaged dry-air mole fractions of atmospheric methane (CH4). Temporal variability in the total column of CH4 due to stratospheric dynamics obscures fluctuations and trends driven by tropospheric transport and local sources and sinks. We remove the contribution of stratospheric variability from the total column average by subtracting an estimate of the stratospheric CH4 derived from simultaneous measurements of hydrogen fluo

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Olascoaga, M. J., M. G. Brown, F. J. Beron-Vera, and H. Koçak. "Brief communication "Stratospheric winds, transport barriers and the 2011 Arctic ozone hole"." Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics 19, no. 6 (2012): 687–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/npg-19-687-2012.

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Abstract. The Arctic stratosphere throughout the late winter and early spring of 2011 was characterized by an unusually severe ozone loss, resulting in what has been described as an ozone hole. The 2011 ozone loss was made possible by unusually cold temperatures throughout the Arctic stratosphere. Here we consider the issue of what constitutes suitable environmental conditions for the formation and maintenance of a polar ozone hole. Our discussion focuses on the importance of the stratospheric wind field and, in particular, the importance of a high latitude zonal jet, which serves as a meridio

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Dunn-Sigouin, Etienne, and Tiffany Shaw. "Dynamics of Anomalous Stratospheric Eddy Heat Flux Events in an Idealized Model." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 77, no. 6 (2020): 2187–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-19-0231.1.

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Abstract Extreme stratospheric eddy and sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) events both involve anomalous stratospheric eddy heat flux. The cause of the anomaly has been hypothesized to be due to tropospheric or stratospheric dynamics. Here, ensemble spectral nudging experiments in a dry dynamical-core model are used to quantify the role of the troposphere versus the stratosphere. The experiments focus on the wavenumber-1 heat flux since it dominates the anomalous stratospheric eddy heat flux during both events. Nudging the stratospheric zonal-mean flow does not account for the anomalous strato

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Hardiman, Steven C., Neal Butchart, Fiona M. O'Connor, and Steven T. Rumbold. "The Met Office HadGEM3-ES chemistry–climate model: evaluation of stratospheric dynamics and its impact on ozone." Geoscientific Model Development 10, no. 3 (2017): 1209–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-1209-2017.

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Abstract. Free-running and nudged versions of a Met Office chemistry–climate model are evaluated and used to investigate the impact of dynamics versus transport and chemistry within the model on the simulated evolution of stratospheric ozone. Metrics of the dynamical processes relevant for simulating stratospheric ozone are calculated, and the free-running model is found to outperform the previous model version in 10 of the 14 metrics. In particular, large biases in stratospheric transport and tropical tropopause temperature, which existed in the previous model version, are substantially reduc

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Suter, I., R. Zech, J. G. Anet, and T. Peter. "Impact of geomagnetic events on atmospheric chemistry and dynamics." Climate of the Past Discussions 9, no. 6 (2013): 6605–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-9-6605-2013.

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Abstract. Geomagnetic events, i.e. short periods in time with much weaker geomagnetic fields and substantial changes in the position of the geomagnetic pole, occurred repeatedly in the Earth's history, e.g. the Laschamp Event about 41 kyr ago. Although the next such event is certain to come, little is known about the timing and possible consequences for the state of the atmosphere and the ecosystems. Here we use the global chemistry climate model SOCOL-MPIOM to simulate the effects of geomagnetic events on atmospheric ionization, chemistry and dynamics. Our simulations show significantly incre

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Albers, John R., and Terrence R. Nathan. "Pathways for Communicating the Effects of Stratospheric Ozone to the Polar Vortex: Role of Zonally Asymmetric Ozone." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 69, no. 3 (2012): 785–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-11-0126.1.

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Abstract A mechanistic model that couples quasigeostrophic dynamics, radiative transfer, ozone transport, and ozone photochemistry is used to study the effects of zonal asymmetries in ozone (ZAO) on the model’s polar vortex. The ZAO affect the vortex via two pathways. The first pathway (P1) hinges on modulation of the propagation and damping of a planetary wave by ZAO; the second pathway (P2) hinges on modulation of the wave–ozone flux convergences by ZAO. In the steady state, both P1 and P2 play important roles in modulating the zonal-mean circulation. The relative importance of wave propagat

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Fan, Z. Q., Z. Sheng, H. Q. Shi, X. H. Zhang, and C. J. Zhou. "A Characterization of the Quality of the Stratospheric Temperature Distributions from SABER based on Comparisons with COSMIC Data." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 33, no. 11 (2016): 2401–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-16-0085.1.

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AbstractGlobal stratospheric temperature measurement is an important field in the study of climate and weather. Dynamic and radiative coupling between the stratosphere and troposphere has been demonstrated in a number of studies over the past decade or so. However, studies of the stratosphere were hampered by a shortage of observation data before satellite technology was used in atmospheric sounding. Now, the data from the Thermosphere, Ionosphere, Mesosphere Energetics, and Dynamics/Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (TIMED/SABER) observations make it easier to stu

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Steil, B., M. Dameris, C. Brühl, et al. "Development of a chemistry module for GCMs: first results of a multiannual integration." Annales Geophysicae 16, no. 2 (1998): 205–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-998-0205-8.

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Abstract. The comprehensive chemistry module CHEM has been developed for application in general circulation models (GCMs) describing tropospheric and stratospheric chemistry, including photochemical reactions and heterogeneous reactions on sulphate aerosols and polar stratospheric clouds. It has been coupled to the spectral atmospheric GCM ECHAM3. The model configuration used in the current study has been run in an "off-line" mode, i.e. the calculated chemical species do not affect the radiative forcing of the dynamic fields. First results of a 15-year model integration indicate that the model

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Qu, Zhipeng, Yi Huang, Paul A. Vaillancourt, et al. "Simulation of convective moistening of the extratropical lower stratosphere using a numerical weather prediction model." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20, no. 4 (2020): 2143–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-2143-2020.

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Abstract. Stratospheric water vapour (SWV) is a climatically important atmospheric constituent due to its impacts on the radiation budget and atmospheric chemical composition. Despite the important role of SWV in the climate system, the processes controlling the distribution and variation in water vapour in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) are not well understood. In order to better understand the mechanism of transport of water vapour through the tropopause, this study uses the high-resolution Global Environmental Multiscale model of the Environment and Climate Change Canad

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