Relevant bibliographies by topics / Stratovolcan

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Academic literature on the topic 'Stratovolcan'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Stratovolcan"

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Nehlig, Pierre, Herve Leyrit, Arnaud Dardon, Gwenael Freour, Alain de Goer de Herve, David Huguet, and Denis Thieblemont. "Constructions et destructions du stratovolcan du Cantal." Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 172, no. 3 (May 1, 2001): 295–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/172.3.295.

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Abstract The Cantal (France) stratovolcano, which is 70 km in diameter and extends 2500 km 2 , is the largest perialpine stratovolcano. Due to its size and the abundance of breccia, it has never before been the subject of a comprehensive synthesis, despite being considered in more than 30 doctoral theses and over 200 scientific papers, memoirs and reports. An intensive research project, which integrates a synthesis of existing published and unpublished data and new geological, geochemical, geophysical and geochronological data, along with 1:25,000-scale mapping of the central part of the stratovolcano, has led to the production of the first 1:50,000-scale map of the central part of the volcano and a 1:100,000-scale map of the entire volcano. The present mapping and analytical work has led to an entirely new conceptual view of the geological history of the stratovolcano and to a reinterpretation of the previously defined stratigraphic units and their volcanological significance. This paper presents a brief geological history, focussing on the abundant primary and secondary breccia (lahar and debris-avalanche deposits) that make up most of the volcano, and reviews a number of dogmas and uncertainties concerning the volcano and its evolution. The stratovolcano was emplaced between 13 and 2 Ma on an uplifted Hercynian basement associated with Oligocene sedimentary basins. The overall geometry of the Cantal stratovolcano is rather simple, composed of a central trachyandesitic volcano surrounded by debris-avalanche and debris-flow deposits sandwiched between two basaltic lava flows. Basaltic lava erupted first, between 13 and 7 Ma, with a peak activity around 9 Ma. Trachyandesitic lava with minor trachyte and rhyolite was erupted towards the end of the basaltic activity, between 10 and 6.5 Ma, although mainly between 8.5 and 7 Ma. This episode led to the construction of a high stratovolcano and its associated laharic apron. The edifice collapsed several times and produced gigantic debris-avalanche deposits that are widespread in the Cantal and as far as 40 km from its centre. The last stages of trachyandesitic activity were synchronous with the emplacement of phonolitic domes between 7.5 and 5.5 Ma. This intrusive event was followed by extensive basaltic lava flows that covered most of the Cantal. The present geometry of the Cantal volcano is the result of these phases of construction and cataclysmic destruction followed by intense glacial and periglacial erosion. The ages of emplacement of the debris-avalanche deposits are now well constrained by abundant isotopic data obtained from the overlying, underlying and included blocks. They imply that several large debris-avalanches affected the flanks of the Cantal volcano between 8.0 and 6.8 Ma. The deposits are in chronological order and separated by episodes of volcanic construction: -- the deposits in the north and east (Rhues, Veronne, Impradine, Santoire, Alagnon Chevade valleys), dated at before 7,4 Ma, form a highly discontinuous, thin eroded layer that is overlain by a thick volcanoclastic laharic piedmont derived from the subsequent phases of volcanic construction; -- the deposits in the west (Marilhou, Mars, Maronne, Aspre, Bertrande valleys) are dated at between 7.2 et 7.4 Ma; -- the deposits in the southwest (Doire, Authre, Jordanne, Cere and Epie valleys) are dated at between 7.4 and 6.8 Ma; -- the deposits in the south (Goul and Brezons valleys) younger than 7.1 Ma and emplaced before the Cere deposit. The absence of a laharic unit on top of the southwestern debris-avalanche deposits is in agreement with this succession of volcanic construction and destruction, as it implies the absence of any major volcanic construction after the last gravitational collapse. All the other sectors are characterized by thick debris-flow deposits overlying the debris-avalanche deposits. This chronological succession of events invalidates the previously proposed debris-avalanche chronologies. The present-day total volume of debris-avalanche deposits is around 245 km 3 for a total volcanic volume of 385 km 3 . Individual debris-avalanche bodies have volumes of several tens of km 3 . Well-characterized prehistoric and historic debris-avalanche bodies have height/length ratios around 0.1. Taking this good correlation into account suggests altitudes above 3000 m for the Cantal paleovolcano and explains the high paleoslopes observed in its central part. Previous models required the existence of a gigantic caldera ("fosse volcano-tectonique") in the central part of the volcano to account for the abundant "pyroclastic rocks" now interpreted as debris-avalanche deposits. This caldera and smaller ones were geophysically and geochronologically documented. New geophysical and geological expertise, however, has revealed the absence of such features. The detailed mapping has shown that the Cantal stratovolcano is mainly the result of several phases of construction and destruction over a relatively short period from 8.5 to 6.5 Ma. The construction phases led to the edification, over several hundred thousand years, of trachyandesitic volcanoes (25 km in diameter and more than 3000 m high) surrounded by debris deposits (laharic piedmont, 40 km in diameter). Due to the high viscosity of the trachyandesitic material, each construction phase resulted in major gravitational collapse, causing a large debris avalanche talus (70 km in diameter) around the central volcano. The last collapse in the southwest was not followed by a construction event, as indicated by the absence of overlying debris-flow deposits and by the flat morphology sealed by the upper basaltic flows.
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Westercamp, D., and H. Traineau. "Schema hydrogeologique et geothermique d'un stratovolcan d'arc insulaire; exemple de la montagne Pelee, Martinique (Antilles francaises)." Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France III, no. 6 (November 1, 1987): 1063–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gssgfbull.iii.6.1063.

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Legendre, Christelle, Martial Caroff, Hervé Leyrit, Pierre Nehlig, and Denis Thièblemont. "Les premières phases d'édification du stratovolcan du Cantal (Massif central, France) entre 9,5 et 8,0 Ma : géologie et géochimie du secteur de l'Élancèze." Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series IIA - Earth and Planetary Science 332, no. 10 (May 2001): 617–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1251-8050(01)01592-0.

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Chernyshev, Igor V., Vlastimil Konečný, Jaroslav Lexa, Vladimir A. Kovalenker, Stanislav Jeleň, Vladimir A. Lebedev, and Yurij V. Goltsman. "K-Ar and Rb-Sr geochronology and evolution of the Štiavnica Stratovolcano (Central Slovakia)." Geologica Carpathica 64, no. 4 (August 1, 2013): 327–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/geoca-2013-0023.

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Abstract The Štiavnica Stratovolcano in Central Slovakia is the largest volcano in the Neogene to Quaternary Carpathian volcanic arc. A large caldera, an extensive subvolcanic intrusive complex and a resurgent horst with late stage rhyolite volcanites are the most characteristic features. The results of new K-Ar and Rb-Sr isotope dating using more sophisticated methodical approaches have changed our view on the timing of volcanic and intrusive activity. K-Ar dating of groundmass fractions combined with Rb-Sr isochron dating in the cases of possible rejuvenation has provided highly reliable results. The lifespan of the stratovolcano is apparently shorter than assumed earlier. Evolution of the stratovolcano took place in five stages during the Early Badenian to beginning of Early Pannonian time: (1) construction of the extensive andesite stratovolcano during the interval 15.0-13.5 Ma; (2) denudation of the volcano concluded with the initial subsidence of a caldera and the contemporaneous emplacement of a subvolcanic intrusive complex of diorite, granodiorite, granodiorite porphyries and quartz-diorite porphyries during the interval 13.5-12.9 Ma; (3) subsidence of the caldera and its filling by differentiated andesites during the interval 13.1-12.7 Ma - volcanic activity overlapping with the emplacement of the youngest intrusions; (4) renewed explosive and effusive activity of less differentiated andesites during the interval 12.7-12.2 Ma; (5) uplift of the resurgent horst in the central part of the caldera accompanied by rhyolite volcanic/intrusive activity during the interval 12.2-11.4 Ma. Extensive epithermal mineralization was contemporaneous with the uplift of the resurgent horst and rhyolite volcanic activity and continued till 10.7 Ma
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Díaz-González, Lorena, and René Cruz-Huicochea. "Application of discordancy and significance statistical tests for the comparison of dacitic volcanism from the central part of the Mexican Volcanic Belt." Nova Scientia 6, no. 11 (October 8, 2014): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.21640/ns.v6i11.78.

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Our aim is to show a statistical procedure along with two new computer programs (DODESSYS and UDASYS). For this task we compiled a database of 249 samples of dacite coming from four closely located Mexican Volcanic Belt (MVB) areas: monogenetic volcanoes from the Sierra de Chichinautzin and Valle de México, the Nevado de Toluca stratovolcano, the Iztaccíhuatl stratovolcano and the Popocatépetl stratovolcano. The discordancy and significance (ANOVA –ANalysis Of Variance–, Fishers´ F and Student´s t) statistical tests were applied at 99% confidence level. The final statistical was calculated for 98 geochemical parameters, these include major oxides, rare earth elements, trace elements and additional parameters, as well as log-ratio parameters used in new tectonic discrimination diagrams. These geochemical parameters were treated as univariate statistical samples and were classified according with the four MVB regions. Discordancy statistical tests detected discordant outliers in 124 (amount to about 35%) statistical samples. ANOVA tests showed significant differences among all groups in 32 parameters. The similarities and differences between the log-ratios parameters elements may eventually be useful in future to propose tectonic discrimination diagrams from a representative database.
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Reid, Mark E., Sarah B. Christian, and Dianne L. Brien. "Gravitational stability of three-dimensional stratovolcano edifices." Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 105, B3 (March 10, 2000): 6043–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1999jb900310.

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Fauquette, Séverine, Jean-Pierre Suc, Speranta-Maria Popescu, François Guillocheau, Sophie Violette, Anne Jost, Cécile Robin, Justine Briais, and Guillaume Baby. "Pliocene uplift of the Massif Central (France) constrained by the palaeoelevation quantified from the pollen record of sediments preserved along the Cantal Stratovolcano (Murat area)." Journal of the Geological Society 177, no. 5 (May 27, 2020): 923–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/jgs2020-010.

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The French Massif Central is a key basement relief. This region experienced an intense period of alkaline volcanism, beginning with the Cantal Stratovolcano at 11 Ma and ending at 3 Ma. To quantify the palaeoelevation of the Cantal Stratovolcano and to replace it in the frame of the uplift history of the Massif Central, we first reconstructed the vegetation and climate based on a pollen analysis of the Murat diatomites, which were deposited in a maar lake. The vegetation was organized in three different belts: a Glyptostrobus swamp around the lake; a mixed forest; and, at higher altitudes, a conifer forest. The climate estimated using the climatic amplitude method indicates temperatures between 11.4 and 17°C. Using these estimates and comparison with contemporaneous sites, we infer a palaeoelevation for Murat between 710 and 930 m a.s.l. This site was therefore uplifted by 130 to perhaps 350 m during the Early Pliocene, leading to a reorganization of the drainage pattern and the capture of rivers flowing from the northern edge of the Massif Central towards the Atlantic Ocean. Our study confirms that the Cantal Stratovolcano was a high volcano (>2500 m) before its progressive dismantling during glacial episodes in the Pleistocene.
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Cox, Daniel, Sebastian F. L. Watt, Frances E. Jenner, Alan R. Hastie, and Samantha J. Hammond. "Chalcophile element processing beneath a continental arc stratovolcano." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 522 (September 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2019.06.017.

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Aydar, Erkan, and Alain Gourgaud. "The geology of Mount Hasan stratovolcano, central Anatolia, Turkey." Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 85, no. 1-4 (October 1998): 129–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0377-0273(98)00053-5.

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Urrutia-Fucugauchi, J., J. H. Flores-Ruiz, A. Arciniega-Ceballos, Israel Hernández, and Carlos Anaya. "Aeromagnetic survey over an active stratovolcano in central Mexico." Leading Edge 21, no. 6 (June 2002): 560–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1490651.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Stratovolcan"

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BARBOSA, Alexandre Muselli. "Caracteriza??o ambiental com ?nfase em solos no flanco norte do vulc?o Cotopaxi, Equador." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2012. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1928.

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The objective of this work was the environmental study of the northern flank of the volcano Cotopaxi, Ecuador, with the focus on the acting of weathering processes and climate in the soil formation processes and cryopedogenesis, in a transect ranging from 3979 to 4885m. For the study a survey and zoning of the vegetation was conducted; digital geomorphologic analysis, consisting of elevation, slope, curvature, illumination and radiation exposure, geological study, monitoring of temperatures of air and at five soil depths, in three different elevation points; description and collection of six representative soil profiles, according to the variation of vegetation, topography, presence of snow and elevation; and evaluation of soil composition through analysis of petrographic, mineralogical, physical and chemical properties of soils. The vegetation covering the slope is the P?ramo, varying in size according to elevation and increasing of ice sheets over the soil, which occurs up to 4885 m, and the biota is represented by extremophile organisms. The geology of the Cotopaxi volcano is complex due to the recent volcanic activity, where the ejected material is of Andesite-rhyolite, as identified by the petrography, with large deposits of tephra, and an area of debris deposition. The geomorphology is characteristic of a stratovolcano, with conical and symmetric formations, with broad base and gentle slope, headed for a peak with high altitude and slopes, the slopes are full of drainage systems and erosional features, and in the lower portions of the landscape there are sedimentary deposits of periglacial origin. The registered temperatures showed that the soil are kept warmer than the air temperature for the three elevations, even in the systems that present ice coverage, showing that the soil has thermal insulation properties. The soils are stratified, with layers of ash and lapilli interspersed, with pumices, predominantly coarse texture and low clay content. The mineralogical analyzes indicated the presence of easily weathered minerals such as apatite, olivine, pyroxenes and feldspars. The minerals found influence in the soil chemical data, with high levels of Na, P and K, and the large amounts of Fe, from the ferromagnesian minerals in the parent material. The six profiles described were identified into two systems of soil classification, the WRB - FAO and the USDA - Soils Taxonomy. As for the WRB, three soils were classified as Regosols, two as Leptosols, and one as Cryosol. In the Soil Taxonomy, three were classified as Inceptisols, two as Entisols and one as Gelisol. The coarse texture and presence of pumice material, together with the large presence of easily weathered minerals, show the dominance of physical weathering over chemical reactions in the alteration of parent material of the Cotopaxi volcano. This fact results in poor soil development, also influenced by the climate, type of vegetation, and the recent deposition of material from the volcanic activity. Since the data of soil temperature was only of one year, it is not possible to determine the soil thermal dynamics, requiring continuing the monitoring to acquire data on a longer time scale.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar o estudo ambiental do flanco norte do vulc?o Cotopaxi, Equador, com o enfoque da a??o dos processos intemp?ricos e clim?ticos na forma??o dos solos e processos criopedog?nicos, em um transecto variando entre 3.979 a 4.885m de altitude. Para o estudo foi realizado o levantamento e zoneamento vegetal; an?lise geomorfol?gica digital, composta por eleva??o, declividade, curvatura, face de exposi??o e radia??o; estudo geol?gico; monitoramento das temperaturas em cinco profundidades do solo e do ar em tr?s pontos de eleva??o diferentes; descri??o e coleta de seis perfis representativos, de acordo com a varia??o de vegeta??o, topografia, presen?a de neve e eleva??o; e avalia??o da composi??o do solo, atrav?s de an?lises petrogr?ficas, mineral?gicas, f?sicas e qu?micas dos solos. A vegeta??o que recobre a encosta ? o P?ramo, variando de porte de acordo com a eleva??o e o aumento das camadas de gelo sobre o solo, sendo este presente at? os 4.885m, e a biota ? representada por organismos extrem?filos. A geologia do Vulc?o Cotopaxi ? complexa devido a recentes atividades vulc?nicas, sendo o material expelido Riol?to-Andesito, comprovadas pelas an?lises petrogr?ficas, com grandes deposi??es de tephra, e ?rea de deposi??es de corrida de detritos. A geomorfologia ? caracter?stica de estrato vulc?es, forma??es c?nicas e sim?tricas, com base ampla e declive suave, indo a cumes com elevada altitude e grandes declividades, suas encostas s?o repletas de sistemas de drenagem e fei??es erosivas, e nas por??es mais baixas ocorrem dep?sitos sedimentares de origem periglacial. As temperaturas registradas mostraram que o solo se mantem em n?veis mais elevados que a temperatura do ar para as tr?s eleva??es, mesmo nos sistemas que apresentam cobertura de gelo, mostrando que o solo possui propriedades de isolamento t?rmico. Os solos s?o estratificados, com camadas intercaladas de cinza e lapilli, pedregosos, com textura predominantemente grosseira e baixo conte?do de argila. As an?lises mineral?gicas apontaram a presen?a de minerais facilmente intemperiz?veis, como apatita, as olivinas, os pirox?nios e os feldspatos. Os minerais encontrados refletem nos dados qu?micos dos solos, com teores elevados dos elementos de Na, P e K, al?m dos altos teores de Fe, pelo material de origem de mineral ferromagnesiano. Os seis perfis descritos foram identificados em dois sistemas de classifica??o de solos, o WRB da FAO e o Soil Taxonomy do USDA. Sendo para o WRB, tr?s solos classificados como Regosols, dois Leptosols e um Cryosol. No Soil Taxonomy, tr?s solos s?o Inceptisols, dois Entisols e um Gelisol. A presen?a de textura grosseira e rochas vesiculadas, juntamente com a grande presen?a de minerais facilmente intemperiz?veis, evidenciam o predom?nio do intemperismo f?sico sobre o qu?mico na altera??o do material de origem do Vulc?o Cotopaxi. Este fato resulta no fraco desenvolvimento dos solos, tamb?m influenciado pelo clima, tipo de vegeta??o e as recentes deposi??es de material pela atividade vulc?nica. Como os registros de temperatura do solo foram de apenas um ano, n?o ? poss?vel determinar a sua din?mica t?rmica, sendo necess?ria a continuidade do monitoramento para a obten??o de dados com maior dura??o de tempo.
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Ozdemir, Yavuz. "Volcanostratigraphy And Petrogenesis Of Suphan Stratovolcano." Phd thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613051/index.pdf.

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This study is concerned with volcanostratigraphic and petrologic evolution of the Sü
phan, which is a 4050 m high Quaternary stratovolcano in eastern Anatolia. The eruptive products of Sü
phan Stratovolcano, including transitional mildly alkaline to calc-alkaline rocks, are lavas, domes and pyroclastics ranging in composition from basalts to rhyolites. Ar-Ar age data from different levels of the volcanostratigrafic succession yield a range of 0.76-0.06 Ma. Textural features, wide temperature ranges obtained for intermediate members, and the linear trends of whole-rock geochemistry are strongly suggestive of magma mixing in the evolution of Sü
phan volcanics. Presence of crystal clots in many lavas suggests that cogenetic plutonic rocks were also involved in the mixing process. Comparison of whole-rock, melt inclusion and glass chemistry data of Sü
phan to data from experimental studies reported in literature indicate that the melt inclusions describe true liquid lines of descent from a common hydrous parent at pressures of ~500 MPa. EC-AFC modeling of trace element and isotopic compositions reveals 2-8% crustal contamination in the differentiated lavas. REE modeling indicates that primitive rocks of Sü
phan volcanics were products of mixing of melts from spinel and garnet lherzolite sources, with contributions of 60% and 40%, respectively, in the mixture. A two-stage petrogenetic model is proposed for Suphan stratovolcano. Mantle- derived melts stall and undergo chemical differentiation in a deep hot zone in lower to mid-crust
variably evolved melts ascending from this zone are arrested and mixed at a shallow level where they construct a sub-volcanic magma reservoir beneath Suphan.
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Kodera, Peter. "Mineralization processes in the central zone of the Banska Stiavnica stratovolcano (Slovakia) associated with a subvolcanic granodiorite pluton." Thesis, Kingston University, 2000. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/20652/.

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The central zone of the Stiavnica stratovolcano (Western Carpathians) hosts an extensive subvolcanic intrusive complex, dominated by a granodiorite pluton (16.3- 15.5 Ma) (Lexa et al., 1999). The granodiorite intrusion locally forms apophyses at the margins associated with Fe-skarns, while in the central, apical part it contains an irregular network of fractures, hosting base metal mineralisation. In order to develop a complex genetic model for the mineralization processes, detailed geochemical, fluid inclusion and stable isotope research were undertaken on the intrusion and on related mineralisation & alteration. The granodiorite intrusion, especially the marginal facies, is altered.Geochemical studies show that subsolidus alteration, intimately related to the skarns, resulted in an apparent depletion in Fe[sub]total, MnO, Zn and an increase in CaO, MgO, Na[sub]2 O (± K[sub]2 O), Cu. Hydrothermal alteration, closely related to stockwork mineralisation, is characterised by an enrichment in K[sub]2 O, MnO, Cu, Pb, Zn and depletion in Na[sub]2 O and Sr. Studies of fluid inclusion in skarn minerals (from Vyhne-Klokoč deposit) showed a large variation in salinity (4-23 wt% NaCl eq.) and Th (271°-371°C), reflecting a mixing process. In retrograde skarn minerals these fluids become progressively more dilute and cooler with indications of boiling at shallow depth. Fluid inclusions from the stockwork minerals (from B1 drill hole) also showed progressively more dilute and cool fluids (0.5-5.3 wt% NaCl eq., 191-328°C) resulting from mixing. Fluids related to acid leaching alteration in andesite (from Rozália mine) were of moderate temperature (-300°C). Secondary fluid inclusions in granodiorite were of variable vapour/liquid/solid ratios, Th values, salinities, and contained high proportions of Ca, Fe, K in addition to Na. The admixing effect of these components substantially decreased the solubility of NaCl, which significantly influenced the interpretation of PT evolution. The interpretation of data from the skarn-related granodiorite favoured here is that early immiscibility of an exsolved magmatic fluid (at -650°C and -600 bars) was followed by autonomous evolution of the saline liquid toward Fe-enriched NaCl saturated brine (650°-400°C). Subsequent cooling was followed by penetration of Ca¬rich fluids, late hydrothermal boiling and mixing with dilute fluids (400°-200°C). Studies on the stockwork-related granodiorite suggest broadly similar fluid properties in the apical part of the intrusion, but at depth the Th data suggest that there was no accumulation of magmatic fluids below -400°C.The isotopic composition of magmatic minerals indicates open magmatic degassing during granodiorite crystallisation, influenced by re-equilibration to variable degrees. Fluids in equilibrium with skarn and stockwork-related minerals showed a clear progressive mixing trend. Heavy, possibly [delta][sup]18 O-shifted, meteoric water seems to be most probable source of external waters that diluted the magmatically derived fluids. According to the fluid evolution model proposed here, magmatic brine accumulated only along the margins of the pluton. Chemical re-equilibration with the rock caused subsolidus reactions, while the liquid was further enriched in iron. The magmatic fluid was able to penetrate through the apophyses of the granodiorite into carbonates. In this hydrodynamic regime it mixed with circulating meteoric waters, forming magnetite and skarn lenses. These were later overprinted by retrograde mineralisation, dominated by heated groundwaters. In the apical part of the intrusion the magmatic vapour phase (the counterpart of saline liquid), escaped through several vents into the over-lying andesites, forming acid leaching alteration upon condensing into groundwater. Rapid cooling of this part of the intrusion caused extensive fracturing during the transition from ductile to brittle deformation (-400°C). Increased permeability enabled a large convective hydrothermal system and related K-rich alteration to form. Simultaneously, a low salinity supercritical magmatic fluid, exsolved from the intrusion at larger depths, probably contributed metals for the accompanying Pb-Zn mineralisation.
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Krippner, Janine Barbara. "Ngauruhoe inner crater volcanic processes of the 1954-1955 and 1974-1975 eruptions." The University of Waikato, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2760.

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Ngauruhoe is an active basaltic andesite to andesite composite cone volcano at the southern end of the Tongariro volcanic complex, and most recently erupted in 1954-55 and 1974-75. These eruptions constructed the inner crater of Ngauruhoe, largely composed of 1954-55 deposits, which are the basis of this study. The inner crater stratigraphy, exposed on the southern wall, is divided into seven lithostratigraphic units (A to G), while the northern stratigraphy is obscured by the inward collapse of the crater rim. The units are, from oldest to youngest: Unit A, (17.5 m thick), a densely agglutinated spatter deposit with sharp clast outlines; Unit B, (11.2 m) a thick scoria lapilli deposit with local agglutination and scattered spatter bombs up to 1 m in length; Unit C, (6.4 m thick) a clastogenic lava deposit with lateral variations in agglutination; and Unit D, (10 m thick) a scoria lapilli with varying local agglutination. The overlying Unit E (15 cm thick) is a fine ash fallout bed that represents the final vulcanian phase of the 1954-55 eruption. Unit F is a series of six lapilli and ash beds that represent the early vulcanian episode of the 1974-75 eruption. The uppermost Unit G (averaging 10 m thick) is a densely agglutinated spatter deposit that represents the later strombolian phase of the 1974-75 eruption. Units A-D juvenile clasts are porphyritic, with phenocrysts of plagioclase, orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, minor olivine, within a microlitic glassy groundmass. Quartzose and greywacke xenoliths are common in most units, and are derived from the underlying basement. The 1954-55 and 1974-75 eruptions are a product of a short-lived, continental arc medium-K calc-alkaline magma. The magma originated from the mantle, then filtered through the crust, undergoing assimilation and fractionation, and evolving to basaltic andesite and andesite compositions. The magma body stagnated in shallow reservoirs where it underwent further crustal assimilation and fractionation of plagioclase and olivine, and homogenisation through magma mixing. Prior to the 1954-55 eruption a more primitive magma body was incorporated into the melt. The melt homogenised and fed both the 1954-55 and 1974-75 eruptions, with a residence time of at least 20 years. The 1954-55 eruption produced alternating basaltic andesite and andesite strombolian activity and more intense fire fountaining, erupting scoria and spatter that built up the bulk of the inner crater. A period of relative quiescence allowed the formation of a cooled, solid cap rock that resulted in the accumulation of pressure due to volatile exsolution and bubble coalescence. The fracturing of the cap rock then resulted in a vulcanian eruption, depositing a thin layer of fine ash and ballistic blocks. The 1974-75 eruption commenced with the rupturing of the near-solid cap rock from the 1954-55 eruption in an explosive vulcanian blast, the result of decompressional volatile exsolution and bubble coalescence, and possible magma-water interaction. The eruption later changed to strombolian style, producing a clastogenic lava that partially flowed back into the crater.
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Zernack, Anke Verena. "A sedimentological and geochemical approach to understanding cycles of stratovolcano growth and collapse at Mt Taranaki, New Zealand : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Earth Science at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/900.

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The long-term behaviour of andesitic stratovolcanoes is characterised by a repetition of edifice growth and collapse phases. This cyclic pattern may represent a natural frequency at varying timescales in the growth dynamics of stratovolcanoes, but is often difficult to identify because of long cycle-timescales, coupled with incomplete stratigraphic records. The volcaniclastic ring-plain succession surrounding the 2 518 m Mt. Taranaki, New Zealand, comprises a wide variety of distinctive volcanic mass-flow lithofacies with sedimentary and lithology characteristics that can be related to recurring volcanic cycles over >190 ka. Debrisflow and monolithologic hyperconcentrated-flow deposits record edifice growth phases while polylithologic debris-avalanche and associated cohesive debris-flow units were emplaced by collapse. Major edifice failures at Mt. Taranaki occurred on-average every 10 ka, with five events recognised over the last 30 ka, a time interval for which stratigraphic records are more complete. The unstable nature of Mt. Taranaki mainly results from its weak internal composite structure including abundant saturated pyroclastic deposits and breccia layers, along with its growth on a weakly indurated and tectonically fractured basement of Tertiary mudstones and sandstones. As the edifice repeatedly grew beyond a critical stable height or profile, large-scale collapses were triggered by intrusions preceding magmatic activity, major eruptions, or significant regional tectonic fault movements. Clasts within debris-avalanche deposits were used as a series of windows into the composition of previous successive proto-Mt Taranaki edifices in order to examine magmatic controls on their failure. The diversity of lithologies and their geochemical characteristics are similar throughout the history of the volcano, with the oldest sample suites displaying a slightly broader range of compositions including more primitive rock types. The evolution to a narrower range and higher-silica compositions was accompanied by an increase in K2O. This shows that later melts progressively interacted with underplated amphibolitic material at the base of the crust. These gradual changes imply a long-term stability of the magmatic system. The preservation of similar internal conditions during the volcano’s evolution, hence suggests that external processes were the main driving force behind its cyclic growth and collapse behaviour and resulting sedimentation pattern.
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Books on the topic "Stratovolcan"

1

Lambert, M. B. Back River volcanic complex: An Archean stratovolcano, Nunavut-Northwest Territories. Ottawa, Ont: Geological Survey of Canada, 2005.

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Bray, E. A. Du. The Seaman volcanic center: A rare middle Tertiary stratovolcano in southern Nevada. Washington, D.C: U.S. G.P.O., 1993.

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Carracedo, Juan Carlos, and Valentin R. Troll. Teide Volcano: Geology and Eruptions of a Highly Differentiated Oceanic Stratovolcano. Springer, 2016.

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Teide Volcano Geology And Eruptions Of A Highly Differentiated Oceanic Stratovolcano. Springer, 2012.

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Smith, Alan L., M. John Roobol, Glen S. Mattioli, George E. Daly, and Joan E. Fryxell. Providencia Island: A Miocene Stratovolcano on the Lower Nicaraguan Rise, Western Caribbean—A Geological Enigma Resolved. Geological Society of America, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/mwr219.

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Providencia is the only example of subaerial volcanism on the Lower Nicaraguan Rise. In this volume, the authors examine this volcanism and the geological history of the western Caribbean and the Lower Nicaraguan Rise, whose origin and role in the development of the Caribbean plate has been described as enigmatic and poorly understood. While the Providencia alkaline suite is similar to others within the Western Caribbean Alkaline Province, its subalkaline suite is unique, having no equivalent within the province. In order to unravel its complex history and evolution, this volume presents new and previously published results for the geology, geochemistry, petrology, and isotopic ages from the Providencia island group.
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Book chapters on the topic "Stratovolcan"

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Oguchi, Takashi, and Chiaki T. Oguchi. "Mt. Fuji: The Beauty of a Symmetric Stratovolcano." In Geomorphological Landscapes of the World, 303–9. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3055-9_31.

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Ruiz, Paulo, Sara Mana, Esteban Gazel, Gerardo J. Soto, Michael J. Carr, and Guillermo E. Alvarado. "Geochemical and Geochronological Characterisation of the Poas Stratovolcano Stratigraphy." In Poás Volcano, 13–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02156-0_2.

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Paulín, Gabriel Legorreta, Marcus Bursik, M. T. Ramírez-Herrera, J. Lugo-Hubp, J. J. Zamorano Orozco, and I. Alcántara-Ayala. "Landslide Inventory and Susceptibility Mapping in a Mexican Stratovolcano." In Landslide Science and Practice, 141–46. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31325-7_18.

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Palacios, David. "Natural Hazards in Relation to Present Stratovolcano Deglaciation: Popocatepetl and Citlaltepetl, Mexico." In The GeoJournal Library, 177–209. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5228-0_11.

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"Stratovolcano." In Encyclopedia of Planetary Landforms, 2063. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3134-3_100850.

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"stratovolcano." In Dictionary Geotechnical Engineering/Wörterbuch GeoTechnik, 1321. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41714-6_197762.

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Kralj, Polona. "Submarine Stratovolcano Peperite Syn-Formational Alteration - A Case Study of the Oligocene Smrekovec Volcanic Complex, Slovenia." In Updates in Volcanology - Transdisciplinary Nature of Volcano Science. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95480.

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The Oligocene Smrekovec Volcanic Complex is a remnant of a submarine composite stratovolcano with a complex succession of lavas, autoclastic, pyroclastic, syn-eruptive resedimented volcaniclastic and siliciclastic deposits was a favourable environment for the development of peperites. Despite very complex alteration related to the stratovolcano-hosted hydrothermal system with a deep igneous source, locally elevated geothermal gradients and superimposed hydrothermal/geothermal regimes controlled by the emplacement of a shallow intrusive body, authigenic minerals in peperites - particularly pumpellyite and actinolite - show higher temperature stability ranges than those in the underlying and overlying volcanic deposits irrespectively of their lithofacies, porosity and permeability. The formation of authigenic minerals in peperites, such as laumontite, pumpellyite, epidote, prehnite or actinolite, was apparently controlled by ephemeral and localised high-temperature regimes originating from the parent lava flow. Heated pore waters in the host sediment that could have undergone local mixing with deuteric fluids circulated in peperites until thermal gradients persisted, and were the cause of alteration of juvenile clasts and the mingling sediment. The development of pumpellyite required a suitable precursor - fine-grained volcanic ash.
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Smith, Alan L., M. John Roobol, Glen S. Mattioli, George E. Daly, and Joan E. Fryxell. "Providencia Island: A Miocene Stratovolcano on the Lower Nicaraguan Rise, Western Caribbean—A Geological Enigma Resolved." In Providencia Island: A Miocene Stratovolcano on the Lower Nicaraguan Rise, Western Caribbean—A Geological Enigma Resolved, 1–101. Geological Society of America, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2021.1219(01).

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ABSTRACT The Providencia island group comprises an extinct Miocene stratovolcano located on a shallow submarine bank astride the Lower Nicaraguan Rise in the western Caribbean. We report here on the geology, geochemistry, petrology, and isotopic ages of the rocks within the Providencia island group, using newly collected as well as previously published results to unravel the complex history of Providencia. The volcano is made up of eight stratigraphic units, including three major units: (1) the Mafic unit, (2) the Breccia unit, (3) the Felsic unit, and five minor units: (4) the Trachyandesite unit, (5) the Conglomerate unit, (6) the Pumice unit, (7) the Intrusive unit, and (8) the Limestone unit. The Mafic unit is the oldest and forms the foundation of the island, consisting of both subaerial and subaqueous lava flows and pyroclastic deposits of alkali basalt and trachybasalt. Overlying the Mafic unit, there is a thin, minor unit of trachyandesite lava flows (Trachyandesite unit). The Breccia unit unconformably overlies the older rocks and consists of crudely stratified breccias (block flows/block-and-ash flows) of vitrophyric dacite, which represent subaerial near-vent facies formed by gravitational and/or explosive dome collapse. The breccias commonly contain clasts of alkali basalt, indicating the nature of the underlying substrate. The Felsic unit comprises the central part of the island, composed of rhyolite lava flows and domes, separated from the rocks of the Breccia unit by a flat-lying unconformity. Following a quiescent period, limited felsic pyroclastic activity produced minor valley-fill ignimbrites (Pumice unit). The rocks of Providencia can be geochemically and stratigraphically subdivided into an older alkaline suite of alkali basalts, trachybasalts, and trachyandesites, and a younger subalkaline suite composed dominantly of dacites and rhyolites. Isotopically, the alkali basalts together with the proposed tholeiitic parent magmas for the dacites and rhyolites indicate an origin by varying degrees of partial melting of a metasomatized ocean-island basalt–type mantle that had been modified by interaction with the Galapagos plume. The dacites are the only phenocryst-rich rocks on the island and have a very small compositional range. We infer that they formed by the mixing of basalt and rhyolite magmas in a lower oceanic crustal “hot zone.” The rhyolites of the Felsic unit, as well as the rhyolitic magmas contributing to dacite formation, are interpreted as being the products of partial melting of the thickened lower oceanic crust beneath Providencia. U-Pb dating of zircons in the Providencia volcanic rocks has yielded Oligocene and Miocene ages, corresponding to the ages of the volcanism. In addition, some zircon crystals in the same rocks have yielded both Proterozoic and Paleozoic ages ranging between 1661 and 454 Ma. The lack of any evidence of continental crust beneath Providencia suggests that these old zircons are xenocrysts from the upper mantle beneath the Lower Nicaraguan Rise. A comparison of the volcanic rocks from Providencia with similar rocks that comprise the Western Caribbean alkaline province indicates that while the Providencia alkaline suite is similar to other alkaline suites previously defined within this province, the Providencia subalkaline suite is unique, having no equivalent rocks within the Western Caribbean alkaline province.
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Sato, Shin, Masao Ban, Teruki Oikawa, Seiko Yamasaki, and Yuki NIshi. "Exploring the Base of the Volcano: A Case Study of an Active Stratovolcano, Mt. Zao, NE Japan." In Volcanoes - Geological and Geophysical Setting, Theoretical Aspects and Numerical Modeling, Applications to Industry and Their Impact on the Human Health. InTech, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.71677.

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Conference papers on the topic "Stratovolcan"

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Harijoko, A., R. A. Noor, S. A. Sari, H. E. Wibowo, N. I. Setiawan, E. Handini, W. Suryanto, and E. T. W. Mei. "Petrological and geochemical characteristics of pumiceous tephra deposit from Slamet stratovolcano, Central Java, Indonesia: Explosive period of the most differentiated magma of a basaltic stratovolcano." In INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON EARTH HAZARD AND DISASTER MITIGATION (ISEDM) 2017: The 7th Annual Symposium on Earthquake and Related Geohazard Research for Disaster Risk Reduction. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5047345.

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Calvert, Andrew T., and Robert L. Christiansen. "MT. SHASTA: THE CASCADE’S LARGEST STRATOVOLCANO, BUILT AND REBUILT OVER 700 KA." In 116th Annual GSA Cordilleran Section Meeting - 2020. Geological Society of America, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2020cd-347346.

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Harijoko, A., R. M. P. P. Gunawan, H. E. Wibowo, N. I. Setiawan, E. Handini, W. Suryanto, and E. T. W. Mei. "Formation of Mount Loyang: Easternmost scoria cone of Slamet stratovolcano, Central Java, Indonesia." In INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON EARTH HAZARD AND DISASTER MITIGATION (ISEDM) 2017: The 7th Annual Symposium on Earthquake and Related Geohazard Research for Disaster Risk Reduction. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5047348.

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Thomson, Katherine, Laura Waters, Benjamin J. Andrews, and Holli M. Frey. "CREATING A STRATOVOLCANO: PETROGENESIS OF THE CONE-BUILDING LAVAS OF SOUTH SISTER VOLCANO, OR." In 115th Annual GSA Cordilleran Section Meeting - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019cd-329335.

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Smith, Alan L., M. John Roobol, J. E. Fryxell, and Glen S. Mattioli. "PROVIDENCIA ISLAND: A MIOCENE STRATOVOLCANO ON THE LOWER NICARAGUAN RISE, WESTERN CARIBBEAN - A GEOLOGICAL ENIGMA." In 112th Annual GSA Cordilleran Section Meeting. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016cd-274469.

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Little, Quinn, Tim Wright, Charles Copeland, and Rachel Teasdale. "DEVELOPING AN APP-BASED GUIDE INTO MT. YANA, AN ERODED STRATOVOLCANO IN THE SOUTHERN CASCADES." In 116th Annual GSA Cordilleran Section Meeting - 2020. Geological Society of America, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2020cd-347382.

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Reports on the topic "Stratovolcan"

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Mumin, A. H. Echo Bay Stratovolcano Complex geology and index map. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/296605.

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Lambert, M. B. Back River Volcanic Complex: an Archean stratovolcano, Nunavut-Northwest Territories. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/221122.

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Lambert, M. B., C. Beaumont-smith, and D. Paul. Structure and stratigraphic succession of an Archean stratovolcano, Slave Province, Northwest Territories. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/132862.

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Mumin, A. H. Echo Bay IOCG Thematic Map Series: Geology, structure and hydrothermal alteration of a stratovolcano complex, Northwest Territories, Canada. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/296602.

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Lambert, M. B. Stratigraphy of the southern portion of an Archean stratovolcano in the Back River volcanic complex, Slave Province, Northwest Territories. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/207440.

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The Seaman volcanic center; a rare middle Tertiary stratovolcano in southern Nevada. US Geological Survey, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/b2052.

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