Academic literature on the topic 'Stray dogs'
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Journal articles on the topic "Stray dogs"
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Papavasili, TE, A. Kontogeorgos, A. Mayrommati, F. Chatzitheodoridis, and EN Sossidou. "Defining priority issues for managing stray dog populations: The case of Greece." Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 74, no. 1 (April 18, 2023): 5305–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.29295.
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Recent literature on stray dogs offers evidence about their increasing overpopulation. However, very few studies have attempted to investigate and explain the overpopulation of stray dogs in Greece. The aim of this study is to define how different social and professional groups prioritize issues related to management practices and programs that could be adopted at national and regional level. The Delphi method was applied for drawing, experiences, information, knowledge and opinions of fourteen experts serving from different professions and positions the topic of the study in order to demonstrate how the participation and cooperation of all stakeholders will lead to a sustainable management of their population. The process was completed in three rounds of online meetings in which participants were asked to fulfill questionnaires to analyze their choices. It was concluded that stray dogs are overpopulated mainly due to the "irresponsible ownership of the pet dog" which usually leads to its abandonment (most often without neutering), and the uncontrolled reproduction of stray dogs. Also, the lack of interest in adopting stray dogs was a matter of high priority. Finally, neutering strays and pets was demonstrated by the majority of experts as a solution against overpopulation of stray dogs
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Pilsworth, Rob, and Chris Laurence. "International rehoming of stray dogs." Veterinary Record 188, no. 11 (June 2021): 436. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vetr.618.
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GAMBLE, L., A. D. GIBSON, K. SHERVELL, F. LOHR, I. OTTER, and R. J. MELLANBY. "The problem of stray dogs." Revue Scientifique et Technique de l'OIE 37, no. 2 (August 1, 2018): 543–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.20506/rst.37.2.2822.
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Pearson, Chris. "Stray Dogs and the Making of Modern Paris*." Past & Present 234, no. 1 (January 29, 2017): 137–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pastj/gtw050.
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Abstract This article traces the policing of stray dogs in Paris from the French Revolution to the outbreak of the First World War. It argues that long-standing rabies anxieties dovetailed with the emergence of the public hygiene movement, fears of rapid urbanization, vagrancy and crime, modernization projects, and the veneration of the pedigree pet dog to cast the stray dog as an unwelcome presence on the city’s streets. Parisian public hygienists and authorities turned strays into a problem that they would solve to make the city safe, clean and modern. Combating strays became a matter of social defence and medical police.
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Oryan, A., S. M. Sadjjadi, D. Mehrabani, and M. Kargar. "Spirocercosis and its complications in stray dogs in Shiraz, southern Iran." Veterinární Medicína 53, No. 11 (December 15, 2008): 617–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/1866-vetmed.
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<I>Spirocerca lupi</i> is accepted in Veterinary Medicine as the cause of true malignancies in dogs. Aortic lesions and esophageal nodular granulomas are pathological lesions of spirocercosis that are considered to be pathognomic for this disease. <I>Post mortem</i> and histopathological studies of 105 stray dogs both male and female of different age groups from various residential areas were performed and their esophagus were examined for any lesions and helminthic parasites. Twenty dogs (19.04%) were infected with <I>S. lupi</i>. The infection rate was significantly higher in dogs greater than one year old (23.5%) and in western areas (36.4%) with similar prevalence rate in males and females. At histopathologic level, two isolate but closely related fibrosarcoma masses were situated at the distal portion of the thoracic esophagus of one dog and in the site of junction of esophagus and stomach of another one. Metastasis were observed in the lung and mediastinal lymph nodes of one of the dogs. Despite presence of large population of stray dogs little information is available about <I>S. lupi</i> in this country, so this study was undertaken to obtain an overall picture of this infection in stray dogs of Shiraz area, southern Iran.
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Park, Yeojin, Jinhyeong Noh, Hyun-Ji Seo, Keun-Ho Kim, Subin Min, Mi-Sun Yoo, Bo-Ram Yun, et al. "Seroprevalence and B1 gene Phylogeny of Toxoplasma gondii of Dogs and Cats in Republic of Korea." Korean Journal of Parasitology 58, no. 3 (June 26, 2020): 257–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2020.58.3.257.
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The outbreak of human toxoplasmosis can be attributed to ingestion of food contaminated with Toxoplasma gondii. Toxoplasmosis recently increased in domestic and stray dogs and cats. It prompted studies on the zoonotic infectious diseases transmitted via these animals. Sero- and antigen prevalences of T. gondii in dogs and cats were surveyed using ELISA and PCR, and B1 gene phylogeny was analyzed in this study. Toxoplasmosis antibodies were measured on sera of 403 stray cats, 947 stray dogs, 909 domestic cats, and 2,412 domestic dogs collected at nationwide regions, Korea from 2017 to 2019. In addition, whole blood, feces, and tissue samples were also collected from stray cats (1,392), stray dogs (686), domestic cats (3,040), and domestic dogs (1,974), and T. gondii-specific B1 gene PCR was performed. Antibody prevalence of stray cats, stray dogs, domestic cats, and domestic dogs were 14.1%, 5.6%, 2.3%, and 0.04%, respectively. Antigen prevalence of these animals was 0.5%, 0.2%, 0.1%, and 0.4%, respectively. Stray cats revealed the highest infection rate of toxoplasmosis, followed by stray dogs, domestic cats, and domestic dogs. B1 gene positives were 5 of stray cats, and identified to high/moderate pathogenic Type I/III group. These findings enforce that preventive hygienic measure should be strengthened at One Health level in dogs and cats, domestic and stray, to minimize human toxoplasmosis infections.
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Manning, Paul R. "Abandonment, stray dogs and compulsory microchipping." Veterinary Record 180, no. 4 (January 27, 2017): 100.2–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.j492.
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Ermakov, Aleksey M., and Aleksandr P. Evsyukov. "First data on population of stray dogs in Rostov-on-Don." Veterinaria Kubani, no. 2 (May 8, 2020): 27–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33861/2071-8020-2020-2-27-28.
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Animal populations in large cities have long been the subject of public and scientific discussions. In Russia, there are currently no federal laws regarding the management of stray animal populations. The most common and problematic animals in cities are dogs. Urban populations of homeless and stray dogs are an important link in the conservation and transmission of pathogens that can lead to the development of zooanthroposes.To regulate the situation associated with homeless and stray dogs, it is necessary to take into account their number, gender and age composition. These data allow the competent management of the population and timely take measures to regulate it. The first data on the population of stray dogs in Rostov-on-Don are presented in the article. For animal counting was used technique developed by the ICAM coalitionrepeatedly tested in different cities of Europe and shown its efficiency. To estimate the number of dogs, the city was divided into 59sectors approximately equal in area. Each sector was divided into four parts, one of them was counted, the rest of the data was extrapolated. In each sector, 2-3 volunteers worked, who recorded the dogs they met, noting at the same time their approximate age, gender, size, and possible health problems. All actions during the calculations were carried out using the Strays ID program installed on volunteers' smartphones. According to the results of calculations, the total number of stray dogs in the city is approximately 2 712 individuals. The data on the sexual composition of the population, the number of sick and damaged dogs, their physique, spatial distribution by city districts and density are discussed.
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Guilloux, Aline G. A., Ligia I. Panachão, Ana J. S. Alves, Carolina B. Zetun, Alex J. F. Cassenote, and Ricardo A. Dias. "Stray dogs in urban fragments: relation between population’s perception of their presence and socio-demographic factors." Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 38, no. 1 (January 2018): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-4293.
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ABSTRACT: Stray dogs are associated with environment and public health impacts. São Paulo is a city with approximately 2.5 million owned dogs and until the time of writing no studies describing the distribution of the stray dog population have been conducted in this city. Therefore, no scientific support for intervention plans is available. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of local sociodemographic and environmental factors with the population perception of presence of stray dogs in urban fragments of São Paulo city. A convenience sample of six urban fragments was selected. In-depth interviews were performe, using a systematic random sample of households in each study area, between October/2010 and January/2011 to identify socio-demographic factors of interest and determine the population’s perception of stray dogs. Additionally, the presence of stray dogs was estimated by photographic mark-recapture method. The degree of human-dog proximity and environmental factors such as waste handling were associated to the sighting of stray dogs. Stray dogs were observed in two of the six study areas, agreeing with the greater population perception of this issue on those areas. Intervention in these factors and encouragement of responsible ownership are two potential solutions for management and reduction of problems associated with the presence of stray dogs.
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Phoosangwalthong, Pornkamol, Nam Hung Luong, Jutamas Wongwigkan, Ketsarin Kamyingkird, Jumnongjit Phasuk, Khampee Pattanatanang, Nipa Thammasonthijarern, et al. "Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati in Stray Dogs and Cats in Bangkok, Thailand: Molecular Prevalence and Risk Factors." Parasitologia 2, no. 2 (April 28, 2022): 88–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/parasitologia2020009.
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Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati are known as common roundworm in dogs and cats, respectively. The objective of the current study was to determine the molecular prevalence and risk factors associated with T. canis and T. cati infections in stray dogs and cats, respectively, in Bangkok, Thailand. In total, 1000 fecal samples (from 500 dogs and 500 cats) were collected from stray dogs and cats residing in Bangkok temples. DNA was extracted and screened for T. canis and T. cati using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. The overall prevalence of T. canis in the stray dogs was 5.4% (27/500) and 0.6% (3/500) for T. cati in the stray cats. Toxocara canis infections were detected in stray dogs from 11 out of 48 districts (22.9%), with Bang Khen district having the highest proportion of infected dogs, whereas T. cati infections were only detected in the stray cats in Lat Krabang district. These results indicated that stray animals residing in Bangkok temples pose a considerable public health risk due to zoonotic parasites, especially T. canis.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Stray dogs"
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Sikdar, Bikash Kumar. "Ecology and behaviour of stray dogs ( Canis familiaris) in north bengal region, West Bengal India." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1113.
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Casaca, Miriam. "Is there hope beyond fear? Effects of social rehabilitation on unsocialized stray dogs." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Biologi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-173581.
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Unsocialized stray dogs live unrestrained in urban areas, having limited to no direct contact with humans. Aggressive behaviour towards humans leads to their apprehension to shelters, where they tend to stay permanently. This study aimed to determine if unsocialized stray dogs could be rehabilitated and develop the social skills needed for adoption. Six unsocialized stray dogs (Group Stray) and 12 socialized dogs (C1: Control Group 1, n=6; C2: Control Group 2, n=6) housed in a shelter were selected. Stray and C2 dogs went through two training phases: social rehabilitation towards humans and leash training. Sociability towards humans and behaviour on a leash were tested in all groups following Valsecchi et al. (2011). Sociability Tests (ST) and Leash Tests (LT) were conducted before any intervention (ST1), after sociability training (ST2, LT1) and after leash training (ST3, LT2). Training sessions and tests were video recorded and posteriorly analysed by four observers. Results showed that for Stray, but not for C1 and C2, there was a significant increase in sociability from ST1 to ST3. Moreover, for Stray Group there was a significant decrease in the frequency of fear-related behaviours between ST1 and ST3. For leash behaviour, no significant changes were found from LT1 to LT2 for neither group. However, there was considerable individual variation, as not all strays overcame their extreme fear towards humans. These findings suggest that dog–human interactions can be improved through training for dogs who do not show extreme fear and/or aggression towards humans.
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Skrijelj, Lejla. "Population dynamics and management strategies of stray and free-ranging dogs in Bor, Serbia." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-40143.
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Dogs are one of the most widespread carnivore and the third most invasive mammal, after cats and rodents. Stray dogs affect wildlife negatively by predation, disturbance, disease spreading, competition and hybridization with other wild canids. Even in urban environments stray dogs cause problems such as disturbance, pollution, traffic accidents, bites and risk of disease spreading. Serbia is one of many countries in the Balkan region that has a problem with overpopulation of stray dogs. The aim of this study is to investigate the population dynamics of stray dogs in Bor, Serbia and discuss different dog population management strategies. A total of 361 stray dogs were registered, 111 male dogs, 85 female dogs and 165 dogs with undetermined sex. 55 dogs (15.23%) were estimated to be older than 7 years old, 262 dogs (72.57%) were estimated to be between 3-7 years old, 30 dogs (8.31%) were estimated to be between 6-24 months old and 14 dogs (3.87) were estimated to be between 0-6 months old. No dogs showed any signs of rabies or CDV (canine distemper virus) and 241 stray dogs (66.75%) seemed healthy. 120 stray dogs (33.25%) did however have some kind of impaired health. To achieve a stop in the population increase,70% sterilisation rate is required and to teach responsible dog ownership. The stray dogs showed different reactions towards people, 164 dogs (45.42%) were neutral and 100 dogs (27.70%) showed no fear or aggression towards humans and gladly interacted. Since the dogs are highly accessible, they would be acceptable for a TNR (trap-neuter-release) program and male dogs need to be prioritised considering their dispersal patterns.Hundar är en av de mest spridda karnivorerna och det tredje mest invasiva däggdjuret, efter katter och gnagare. Gatuhundar påverkar vilda djur negativt genom predation, störning, spridning av sjukdomar, konkurrens och hybridisering med andra vilda hunddjur. Även i urbana miljöer har gatuhundar en negativ påverkan, genom störning, förorening, trafikolyckor, bett och sjukdomsrisk. Serbien är ett av många länder i Balkanregionen som har för stora populationer av gatuhundar. I detta arbete undersöks populationsdynamiken hos gatuhundar i Bor, Serbien och diskuterar olika metoder för att hantera gatuhundpopulationen. Totalt inventerades 361 gatuhundar, 111 hanar, 85 honor och 165 med obestämt kön. 55 hundar (15.23%) uppskattades vara äldre än 7 år, 262 hundar (72.57%) uppskattades vara mellan 3-7 år, 30 hundar (8.31%) uppskattades vara mellan 6-24 månader gamla och 14 hundar (3.87) uppskattades vara mellan 0-6 månader gamla. Inga hundar visade tecken på rabies eller CDV (canine distemper virus) och 241 gatuhundar (66.75%) föreföll friska. Däremot visade 120 hundar (33.25%) någon typ av nedsatt hälsa. För att uppnå ett stopp i populationsökningen krävs minst 70% steriliseringstakt samt att man lär ut ansvarsfullt hundägande. Gatuhundarna visade olika reaktioner mot människor, 164 hundar (45.42%) var neutrala och 100 hundar (27.70%) visade ingen rädsla eller aggression för människor och interagerade gärna. Eftersom gatuhundarna är lättillgängliga, skulle de kunna ingå i populationshanteringar som TNR (trap-neuter-release) och hanhundar bör prioriteras med tanke på deras spridningsmönster.
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Guilloux, Aline Gil Alves. "Monitoramento da população de cães errantes na Cidade Universitária Armando de Salles Oliveira." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10134/tde-29092016-123219/.
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O ProMAC surgiu dentro da USP como resposta à demanda da comunidade, de abordar alguns problemas ambientais, inclusive a presença de cães errantes no campus. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo atender este programa no tocante à avaliação da dinâmica e da saúde da população de cães mantidos soltos na CUASO e dos cães recolhidos ao ATA. Utilizando a técnica de captura e recaptura fotográfica, a população de cães foi estimada em nove oportunidades ao longo de dois anos. No segundo ano, os cães dóceis foram individualmente identificados e, em quatro oportunidades, tiveram amostras biológicas coletadas (sangue, fezes e ectoparasitos). Os cães alojados no ATA foram identificados e as amostras coletadas em um único esforço contínuo ao longo de três meses. A estimativa da população errante variou entre 14 e 55 cães, com tendencia de queda não significativa ao longo do tempo. A população foi, em sua maioria composta de indivíduos machos (58,4%), adultos (77,8%) e dóceis (55,7%). A população errante apresentou alterações nos parâmetros hematológicos ao longo do ano, compatíveis com infecção subclínica, possivelmente causada por Hepatozoon canis, que teve aumento significativo de sua prevalência. Todos os cães foram negativos para Leishmania sp., Ricketsia sp., Erlichia sp. Não houve diferença significativa tanto para a SAM (Leptospira sp.,entre 14 e 50% - CUASO e 52,4% - ATA) quanto para a eliminação de ovos de Ancylostoma sp. nas fezes (entre 21 e 55% - CUASO e 27% - ATA) entre os cães da CUASO e do ATA, sendo o risco de infecção na comunidade universitária considerado baixo. A análise ambiental permitiu estabelecer que a fonte principal de alimento dos cães é a mesma dos humanos, fornecida próximo aos pontos de venda de alimentos, o que se torna preocupante ao sabermos que mais da metade destes cães são positivos para Toxoplasma sp. (entre 54 e 60%), sendo indicadores do risco ao ser humano. Os cães da população aversiva apresentam sinais reprodutivos (8,7% das fêmeas ao ano), mas os filhotes não foram encontrados possivelmente devido à baixa sobrevivência. Os adultos, tanto da população dócil como da população aversiva possuiam boa condição corporal, baixa mortalidade, sendo que os dóceis deixaram o campus mais frequentemente devido à adoção. O conjunto dos dados indicaram que o status sanitário dos cães alojados no abrigo foi semelhante àquela dos cães soltos, sendo que o bem-estar destes últimos foi maior, devido à condição precária em que o ATA era mantido, com a capacidade de alojamento de cães acima do limite máximo do abrigo. Como os cães da CUASO se distribuiam modulados pelo fornecimento de alimento e abrigo pelos usuários do campus, o manejo adequado destes cães deveria incluir o envolvimento da comunidade, além de sua responsabilização. A reprodução dos cães aversivos precisa ser eliminada, buscando métodos alternativos, devido à dificuldade de captura destes cães. O uso da área de mata destinada a pesquisa por estes cães representa um risco sanitário à comunidade universitária.The ProMAC emerged within the University of São Paulo in response to a community demand, to address environmental problems, including the presence of stray dogs in its campus. This study aimed to address this program regarding the dynamics and health of the population of stray dogs in the campus and the dogs kept in the campus shelter. Using the technique of photographic mark and recapture, the dog population was estimated in nine occasions in a two years period. In the second year the docile dogs were individually identified and, on four occasions, had biological samples collected (blood, feces and ectoparasites). Dogs housed in the shelter were identified and biological samples were collected in a single effort over three months. The population estimates varied between 14 and 55 dogs, with a non-significant decrease trend over time. The population was mostly composed of males (58.4%), adults (77.8%) and docile individuals (55.7%). The stray population showed changes in hematological parameters throughout the year, consistent with subclinical infection, possibly caused by Hepatozoon canis, which had a significant increase in its prevalence. All dogs were negative for Leishmania sp., Rickettsia sp., Ehrlichia sp. There was no significant difference between either the MAT (Leptospira sp, between 14 and 50% -. campus and 52.4% - shelter) or the elimination of Ancylostoma sp. eggs in feces (between 21 and 55% - campus and 27% - shelter), between dogs from campus and shelter, and the risk of infection in the university community was considered low. Environmental analysis established that the stray dogs main food source are the human food given to them close to food selling points, which is a concern given that more than half of these dogs are positive for Toxoplasma sp. (from 54 to 60%) and would be risk indicators to humans. The aversive stray dogspopulation showed reproductive signs (8.7% of females per year), but the puppies were not found possibly due to low survival rate. Adults, both from docile and the aversive population, had good body condition, low mortality and the docile dogs left the campus more often due to adoption. The data indicated that the health of dogs housed in the shelter were similar to the stray population, and the welfare of the latter is higher due to the precarious condition that the shelter was maintained and the number of dogs kept being over the maximum capacity. As stray dogs were distributed and maintained by the food and shelter supplied by the campus users, the proper management of these dogs would include community involvement and responsibility. The reproduction of aversive dogs must be eliminated, seeking alternative methods, because of the difficulty of catching these dogs. Use of research forest area by these dogs poses a risk to the university community.
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Seixas, Ana Teresa Fernandes. "Gestão de cães e gatos errantes na área da grande Lisboa." Master's thesis, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/4933.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina VeterináriaOs animais errantes resultam em problemas de saúde pública, segurança e bem-estar animal, com impactos socioeconómicos relevantes. A natureza e extensão deste problema são notoriamente difíceis de caracterizar. O presente estudo tem por objetivo caracterizar a população de animais errantes e as medidas preventivas e de controlo adotadas pelos Centros de Recolha Oficial na área da Grande Lisboa, em 2011. A fim de atingir o objetivo pretendido, fez-se uma análise comparativa entre a gestão de animais errantes no Centro Oficial de Recolha Animal do Concelho de Odivelas e nos outros Centros de Recolha Oficial da Grande Lisboa, que incluem os municípios da Amadora, Sintra, Oeiras, Cascais, Mafra, Loures, Lisboa e Vila Franca de Xira. A recolha dos dados foi, em Odivelas, realizada com o recurso à base de dados do centro de recolha, e com recurso a questionários aos Médicos Veterinários Municipais responsáveis pelos outros Centros de Recolha Oficial. Estes contemplaram questões relevantes no âmbito desta problemática. Foram recolhidos em 2011 pelos centros da Grande Lisboa um total de 7805 animais das espécies canina (60,6%; 4735) e felina (39,4%; 3080). Do total de canídeos recolhidos, foram entregues diretamente nas instituições, um total de 2145 animais, sendo a principal causa de entrega a situação socioeconómica dos seus detentores. A adoção foi o principal destino dos canídeos alojados, quer no centro do município de Odivelas (67,2%), quer nos outros municípios (49,8%). As diferenças observadas são estatisticamente significativas (p <0,05). O principal destino dos gatos recolhidos em 2011 foi a eutanásia (39,2%). Foram sujeitos ao Programa de Captura, Esterilização e Recolocação 33,7% dos gatos recolhidos nos centros onde esta medida se encontra implementada. Não existe uma solução única para a problemática dos cães e gatos errantes, mas os meios utilizados devem justificar o fim – a salvaguarda da saúde pública e do bem-estar animal. Considera-se que os esforços no âmbito do controlo de animais errantes devem recair, essencialmente, em iniciativas que visem a sua prevenção devendo ser focados dois pontos essenciais: a educação e o controlo reprodutivo.
ABSTRACT - Stray Dogs and Cats Control in the Metropolitan area of Lisbon - Stray animals cause several problems related to public health, safety and animal welfare. The dimension of this problem is very hard to characterize. The present study aimed to analyze and characterize the stray animals population, as well as control and preventive measures used in official shelters in metropolitan area of Lisbon, in 2011. To achieve the main goal in this study a comparative analysis was made between the official shelter in Odivelas and the other official shelters of the metropolitan area of Lisbon towards the different stray animals measures which are used. The other official shelters of the metropolitan area of Lisbon include: Amadora, Sintra, Oeiras, Cascais, Mafra, Loures, Lisboa and Vila Franca de Xira. In Odivelas, the data was gathered using the database of the official shelter and in the other official shelters of the metropolitan area of Lisbon the data was obtained by doing questionnaires to Municipal Veterinarians. These questionnaires were composed with essential questions related to the stray animals problem. In 2011, in official shelters of the metropolitan area of Lisbon were collected a total of 7805 animals both dogs (60.6%; 4735) and cats (39.4%; 3080). From the total of dogs collected, 2145 animals were delivered in official shelters and the main cause referred were the social and economic situation of the owners. Adoption was the main destiny of the dogs both in official shelter of Odivelas (67.2%) and in the other official shelters of the metropolitan area of Lisbon (49.8%). The differences are statistically significant (p<0.05). Only 33.7% of the overall number of cats collected were included in Trap-Neuter-Reuter programs, in the official shelters where this measure is implemented. There is not just one solution to the stray animals problem, however all the measures should achieve the same goal – to guarantee good levels of Public Health and Animal Welfare. It is recommended that all the efforts to solve the stray animals problem must be tied up with activities about prevention of the dogs and cats abandon. This prevention is based on two basic principles: education and reproductive control.
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O'Neill, Skye J. "Identifying Community Access to Veterinary Services in Southern Dallas." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2019. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1538804/.
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The Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals of Texas in Dallas, Texas offers an array of services and programs to residents in southern Dallas and other areas. However, interest in the state of access to veterinary care has been questioned for southern Dallas residents. In an area that faces certain compounding stressors, such as food deserts and transportation difficulties, a lack of access to veterinary care for pet owners is considered an additional possible stressor. Pet owners in southern Dallas, along with the SPCA of Texas, contemplate how to best provide medical care for local pets. In this body of work, I describe community access to veterinary services in southern Dallas. I provide a resident-centered explanation based on in-depth interviews with locals that discuss the current state of access to veterinary services while simultaneously analyzing the links between access to veterinary care, the area of southern Dallas itself, and ongoing issues with roaming and stray dogs.
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Guilloux, Aline Gil Alves. "Estimativa da população de cães errantes e a sua associação com fatores socieconômicos e ambientais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10134/tde-07082012-181835/.
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A população de cães errantes tem sido um problema na sociedade moderna e levanta discussão sobre o bem estar dos animais, a responsabilidade ambiental e assuntos relacionados saúde pública, como agressão, zoonoses e acidentes de trânsito. São Paulo é uma cidade com mais de dez milhões de habitantes e uma população de cães domiciliados em torno de 2,5 milhões de animais. Não há pesquisas a respeito da distribuição da população de cães errantes e isso dificulta o planejamento de ações de intervenção neste campo. O problema foi abordado do ponto de vista da probabilidade de abandono e capacidade de suporte ambiental. Foi criado um escore composto por treze variáveis de risco de abandono. Os dados foram agrupados por distrito administrativo e estes classificados em três categorias (tercis). Foi definida uma amostra de conveniência de seis áreas a serem visitadas, duas em cada categoria, que fossem pequenas e isoladas, passiveis de percorrer a pé. O número de animais foi estimado pelo método de pseudo-captura, utilizando fotos e anotações para identificar os animais. Simultaneamente, foi aplicado um questionário em uma amostra aleatória sistemática dos domicílios de cada área. Das seis áreas visitadas, em duas foi observada presença de cães errantes e em apenas uma delas, uma população fixa. Dos fatores associados a presença de cães errantes, destacam-se os relacionados a proximidade homem-cão e ao ambiente. Intervenções nestes fatores e incentivo à guarda responsável podem ser soluções desejáveis para redução gradativa da população de cães errantesThe stray dog\'s population of has been a problem in modern society and raises discussion on different issues like animal welfare, environmental responsibility and public health matters such as dogs bites, zoonosis and traffic accidents. Sao Paulo is a city with over ten million inhabitants and a population of owned dogs around 2.5 million animals. There are no surveys on the distribution of the population of stray dogs and this hampers any plan of intervention. The problem was accessed from the standpoint of relinquishment probability and environmental carrying capacity. A score was created with thirteen variables, of known risk factors of relinquishment. The data was grouped by district and classified in to three categories (terciles). a convenience sample of six areas was defined, two in each category, which were small and isolated, liable to go through on foot. The number of animals was estimated by the pseudo capture method, using photos and notes to identify the animals. Simultaneously, a questionnaire was administered in a systematic random sample of households in each area. Of the six areas visited, in only two it the presence of stray dogs was observed and only one showing a fixed stray population. Of the factors associated to the presence of stray dogs, one can distinguish: degree of human-dog proximity and those related to environment. Intervention on these factors and encouraging responsible ownership could be a solution to gradually reduce the population of stray dogs.
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Santos, João Pedro Gibert Alvarez Bettencourt dos. "Estudo observacional transversal de parasitas em cães errantes no concelho de Vila Franca de Xira, Portugal." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/6884.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina VeterináriaOs animais errantes são uma população particularmente importante em medicina veterinária, permitindo a manutenção dos agentes no biótopo e a dispersão para áreas não endémicas. Esta população tem vindo a aumentar, por todo o mundo, sendo fácil o seu contacto, quer directo quer indirecto com o Homem. Este trabalho foi elaborado com a intenção de pesquisar parasitas de vários órgãos, sistemas e localizações, na população de cães errantes do concelho de Vila Franca de Xira, Portugal, utilizando várias técnicas de diagnóstico. Relativamente a parasitas do sistema macrofágico fagocítico e de células do sangue, este estudo detetou uma seroprevalência de 28,75% (23/80) de Leishmania infantum, 57,5% (46/80) de Babesia canis/B. vogeli/B.rossi, 34% (28/80) de Anaplasma phagocytophilum, 34% (29/80) de Ehrlichia canis e 76,2% (61/80) de Rickettsia conorii. No entanto, não foram detetados hemoparasitas através de esfregaços sanguíneos. No que se refere a parasitas dos aparelhos cardiovascular, respiratório e serosas, foi detetada, pelo teste Speed Diro uma prevalência de 12,2% (10/80) de Dirofilaria immitis e, por pesquisa de microfilárias pela técnica de Knott, foram observadas prevalências de 10% de D. immitis (8/80) e 11,25% (9/80) de Acanthocheilonema reconditum. Pela técnica de Baermann não foram detetadas larvas de Angiostrongylus vasorum. Os parasitas intestinais identificados pela técnica de Willis foram: Toxocara canis (15%), Strongyloides stercoralis (7,5%), Ancylostoma caninum (15%), Uncinaria stenocephala (16,25%), Trichuris vulpis (11,25%), Taenia spp. (10%). Pela técnica de Ziehl-Neelsen, foram observados quistos de Giardia spp. (32,5%) e oocistos de Cryptosporidium spp. (11,25%). Foram ainda, identificados proglotes de Dipylidium caninum nas fezes de 3,75% dos animais. Relativamente a ectoparasitas, foram observados ácaros, ixodídeos e pulgas, sendo: 30% (6/20) de Sarcoptes scabiei e 10% (2/20) de Demodex canis, apenas em animais suspeitos e, 23,75% (19/80) de Rhipicephalus sanguineus e 10% (8/80) de Ctenocephalides felis. Não foram observados ácaros pelas técnicas de colheita de cerúmen auricular e escovagem do pêlo. Foram ainda avaliadas co-infeções parasitárias e analisados diversos fatores que podem influenciar as prevalências obtidas para os diferentes agentes. A importância do estado sanitário da população canina errante no que se refere à Saúde Pública e à Saúde Animal foi salientada.
Stray animals are a population particularly important in veterinary medicine, enabling retention of agents in the biotope and dispersal to non-endemic areas. This population has been increasing throughout the world, with its easy contact, both directly and indirectly with the man. This work was done with the goal of searching parasites in various organs, systems and locations in stray dog population from the municipality of Vila Franca de Xira, Portugal, using several diagnostic techniques. For parasites of macrophage phagocytic system and blood cell the study detected seroprevalence of 28.75% (23/80) for Leishmania infantum, 57.5% (46/80) for Babesia canis / B. vogeli / B.rossi, 34% (28/80) for Anaplasma phagocytophilum, 34% (29/80) forEhrlichia canis and 76.2% (61/80) for Rickettsia conorii. However, no hemoparasites were detected by blood smears. With regard to parasites of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, was detected at Speed Diro test, a 12.2% (10/80) prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis and by screening the Knott technique, a prevalence of 10% (8/80) microfilariae D. immitis were observed and 11.25% (9/80) Acanthocheilonema reconditum microfilariae. By Baermann technique, Angiostrongylus vasorum larvae were not detected. Intestinal parasites identified by the technique of Willis were: Toxocara canis (15%), Strongyloides stercoralis (7.5%), Ancylostoma caninum (15%), Uncinaria stenocephala (16.25%), Trichuris vulpis (11.25%), Taenia spp. (10%). By Ziehl-Neelsen, cysts of Giardia spp. (32.5%) and Cryptosporidium spp. (11.25%) were observed. Dipylidium caninum proglottids were also identified in 3.75% of the animals feces. For ectoparasites, mites, ticks and fleas were observed: 30% (6/20) of Sarcoptes scabiei and 10% (2/20) of Demodex canis only in susceptible animals and 23.75% (19/80) of Rhipicephalus sanguineus and 10% (8/80) of Ctenocephalides felis. No mites were observed by harvesting techniques of earwax and brushing. Parasitic co-infections were further evaluated and various factors were analized that may influence the prevalence rates for different agents. The importance of canine population status regarding Human and Animal Health was emphasized.
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Riegle, Adrienne Lynn. "Educated mothers at home : motivation, expectations, and experiences /." View online, 2008. http://repository.eiu.edu/theses/docs/32211131461667.pdf.
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Hayes, Carol. "A stray dog howling at the moon : a literary biography of Hagiwara Sakutarō (1886-1942)." Phd thesis, Department of Japanese, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4090.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 1996.Title from title screen (viewed March 10, 2009) Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Dept. of Japanese. Vol. 2 "contains the translations of his [i.e. Sakutaro] three major collections ..., and a number of extracts from essays and letters." Bibliographies in English and Japanese. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print form.
Books on the topic "Stray dogs"
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Jensen, Julie. Stray dogs. New York, N.Y. (440 Park Ave. South, New York 10016): Dramatists Play Service, 1987.
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Bristol (England). Health and Environmental Services. Stray dogs in Bristol. Bristol: Bristol City Council, 1996.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Stray dogs"
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Ramanujan, Anuradha. "Violent Encounters: ‘Stray’ Dogs in Indian Cities." In Cosmopolitan Animals, 216–32. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137376282_15.
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Sandoval-Cervantes, Iván. "Semi-Stray Dogs and Graduated Humanness: The Political Encounters of Dogs and Humans in Mexico." In Companion Animals in Everyday Life, 169–81. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-59572-0_11.
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Schmidt, Tristan. "Noble Hounds for Aristocrats, Stray Dogs for Heretics Evaluation and Connotation of Literary Dogs in Byzantium." In Impious Dogs, Haughty Foxes and Exquisite Fish, edited by Tristan Schmidt and Johannes Pahlitzsch, 103–32. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110576917-006.
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Lo, Louis. "Tsai Ming-liang’s Cinematic Cities: The River (1997) and Stray Dogs (2013)." In The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Urban Literary Studies, 1806–13. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62419-8_339.
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Lo, Louis. "Tsai Ming-liang’s Cinematic Cities: The River (1997) and Stray Dogs (2013)." In The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Urban Literary Studies, 1–8. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62592-8_339-1.
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Maddox, Callie Batts. "Stray Dogs and Luxury Taxes: What Happened to the Indian Grand Prix?" In The History and Politics of Motor Racing, 707–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-22825-4_28.
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Rambaree, Komalsingh. "Stray Dogs and Social Work in Mauritius: An Analysis of Some Concerns and Challenges." In Animals in Social Work, 182–98. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137372291_12.
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de Luca, Tiago. "Watching Cinema Disappear: Intermediality and Aesthetic Experience in Tsai Ming-liang’s Goodbye Dragon Inn (2003) and Stray Dogs (2013)." In The Long Take, 163–76. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-58573-8_11.
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Simkin, Stevie. "Straw Dogs Unleashed." In Straw Dogs, 66–69. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-34497-6_14.
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Simkin, Stevie. "Straw Dogs and Vietnam." In Straw Dogs, 79–83. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-34497-6_17.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Stray dogs"
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Berezina, Aleksandra Alexandrovna. "Stray dogs problem investigation in Tekstilshik settlement." In III International Research-to-practice Conference, chair Luydmila Nikolaevna Chaika. TSNS Interaktiv Plus, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21661/r-112667.
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Kubekova, V. "Features of trophic behavior of stray dogs in Nur-Sultan city." In V International Scientific Conference «MIP-V-2023: Modernization, Innovations, Progress». Krasnoyarsk Science and Technology City Hall, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47813/mip.5.2023.9.82-87.
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The article assesses the characteristics of trophic behavior of stray dogs in Nur-Sultan city. An analysis of the dogs' diet has been conducted, which can vary and change depending on local resources. In some cases, one or two types of food may predominate in the local diet of the dogs. The article presents an analysis of data obtained during field research conducted in various areas of the city. The main sources of food for stray dogs, their dietary preferences, and the influence of seasonal changes on their trophic behavior have been identified. The author has found that the trophic behavior of stray dogs in Nur-Sultan city strongly depends on the availability of food in the surrounding environment and seasonal fluctuations. Special attention is given to the correlation between the trophic behavior of stray dogs and interaction with human activities such as disposal of food waste or utilization of food products. The study provides a better understanding of the dynamics of trophic behavior of stray dogs in the urban environment and helps assess potential ecological consequences of their impact. The obtained results could serve as a basis for developing measures to manage the stray dog population and maintain ecological sustainability in the urban environment.
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Slobodyanik, R. V., S. S. Zykova, and O. V. Shcherbakov. "CASES OF LEISHMANIASIS AMONG STRAY DOGS IN SETTLEMENTS OF THE SYUNIK AND ARARAT REGIONS OF ARMENIA." In THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL. All-Russian Scientific Research Institute for Fundamental and Applied Parasitology of Animals and Plant – a branch of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Centre VIEV”, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/978-5-6048555-6-0.2023.24.436-440.
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Our research is devoted to the study of the prevalence of leishmaniasis (on the
example of identified cases) in stray dogs in the Syunik and Ararat Regions of
Armenia. In May 2022, in the settlements of the Syunik and Ararat Regions of the
Republic, we examined five stray dogs, outbred females aged from 6 months to 2
years for leishmaniasis. One dog was examined in the cities of Meghri, Kapan and in the village of Tegh, Syunik Region. Two dogs were examined in the village of
Yeraskh, Ararat Region. Our studies have shown that the invasion prevalence (IP) in
the population of stray dogs in the Syunik and Ararat Regions of Armenia is 100%.
The examined animals looked quite healthy and felt good. Skin lesions in the form
of epithelium desquamation on the nose were only recorded in one dog (20%) in
Kapan, Syunik Region. Thus, we confirmed that in the Syunik and Ararat Regions of
Armenia, a local natural focus of leishmaniasis is actively functioning, in the spread
of which stray dogs are actively involved, which indicates the circulation of parasites
in the study area and the possibility of infection of other animals and humans
through carriers. Prevention and control measures of leishmaniasis should include
measures to control the number of stray dogs, control the incidence in domestic dogs
using serological tests, and measures to destroy mosquito breeding sites.
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Balazy, Patryk, Pawel Gut, Pawel Knap, and Bartosz Marczynski. "SMART FOOD DISPENSER DRONE FOR STRAY DOGS AND CATS." In 21st SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Proceedings 2021. STEF92 Technology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2021v/6.2/s25s.10.
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Baba, Marius, Dan Pescaru, Vasile Gui, and Ionel Jian. "Stray dogs behavior detection in urban area video surveillance streams." In 2016 12th IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and Telecommunications (ISETC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isetc.2016.7781120.
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Demkina, Olga V., Svetlana V. Karamushkina, and Olesya V. Gruzdova. "Monitoring of the incidence of trichinosis of stray dogs in Blagoveshchensk." In Агропромышленный комплекс: проблемы и перспективы развития. Благовещенск: Дальневосточный государственный аграрный университет, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22450/9785964205494_3_9.
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Zhang, Zhen, Shutong Li, Dan Zhang, Jingyi Chen, Xiling Chi, and Zhengrui Zhang. "Improvement of Soft-YOLOv5 Algorithm for Stray Cats and Dogs Detection." In 2023 IEEE 6th International Conference on Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence (PRAI). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/prai59366.2023.10332093.
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Jamil, T., M. Saqib, P. Beelitz, I. Khan, M. T. Ghori, M. Iqbal, A. Rehman, S. Schwarz, H. Neubauer, and B. Kohn. "Serological investigation of vector-borne pathogens in stray dogs of Pakistan." In 30. Jahrestagung der FG „Innere Medizin und klinische Labordiagnostik“ der DVG (InnLab) – Teil 1: Vorträge. Georg Thieme Verlag, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1741177.
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Nugroho Willyarto, Mario, and Carolina Fajar. "TNR to Minimize the Number of Stray Cats/Dogs Population in Indonesia." In ICETM'21: 2021 4th International Conference on Education Technology Management. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3510309.3510358.
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Karmaeva, S. G., Y. V. Fatkudinova, and L. Y. Rakova. "MONITORING OF THE EPIZOOTOLOGICAL STATE OF ARACHNOENTOMOSES IN THE POPULATION OF STRAY DOGS." In STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF AGRIBUSINESS. DSTU-PRINT, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/interagro.2020.1.586-589.
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The article presents the results of monitoring studies on the occurrence of various arachnoentomoses depending on the time of year in the population of stray dogs and shelters in the Ulyanovsk region. The analysis of the effectiveness of the use of fipronil-propoxur-containing drugs and ivermectin drugs was carried out.
Reports on the topic "Stray dogs"
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Bernard, Sophie, Florence Lapointe, and Julien Martin. Where does our plastic waste go? CIRANO, May 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54932/fkay1101.
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Last Fall, the Federal Court declared invalid and unlawful the federal government Order that classified plastic articles as toxic under the Environmental Protection Act. The government quickly appealed the decision and the Federal Court of Appeal granted a stay motion which prevents the Federal court ruling from taking effect while the appeal is ongoing. Therefore, the Single-use Plastics Prohibition Regulations remain in force. Despite an acknowledgement that Canada must fight against plastic pollution, Canadian exports of plastic waste amounted to almost 175 thousand tonnes in 2022, hardly a stellar performance. In light of developments in recent years and the Canadian government’s commitment to the management and use of plastics, the authors draw on available data to give an accounting of Canada’s trade in plastic waste over the last 20 years and point some data gaps.
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Bartik, Timothy J. What Proportion of Children Stay in the Same Location as Adults, and How Does This Vary Across Location and Groups? W.E. Upjohn Institute, February 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.17848/wp09-145.
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Ito, Rodrigo, Diego Chavarro, Tommaso Ciarli, Robin Cowan, and Fabiana Visentin. Connecting the Dots: The Role of Internationally Mobile Scientists in Linking Nonmobile with Foreign Scientists. Inter-American Development Bank, January 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005541.
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Studying and working abroad, internationally mobile scientists meet foreign scientists and become carriers of knowledge. The benefits of international scientific mobility might extend to nonmobile colleagues who collaborate with mobile scientists. In this paper, we investigate the role played by Brazilian and Colombian scientists who are mobile in connecting nonmobile scientists with foreign scientists. We combine publicly available data from online curriculum vitae (CVs), scholarship programs, and publications in OpenAlex. We analyze a large sample covering approximately 70 percent of scientists for both countries and their coauthorship networks between 1990 and 2021, combining panel estimations and a difference-in-differences (DiD) event study. We find that nonmobile scientists who coauthor with mobile scientists coauthor more publications with foreign scientists. The number of collaborations by nonmobile scientists with foreign scientists increases with the number of unique mobile scientists the nonmobile scientists interact with. This is because the effect of collaborating with a unique mobile scientist is short-lived. Results suggest that mobile scientists who stay abroad more (diaspora) may be the most effective in creating connections with foreign scientists. Our paper contributes to the literature on scientific mobility and brain drain. We provide first insights into the spillover generated by mobility experiences in connecting nonmobile scientists with foreign scientists. Our results indicate a need to increase brain gain and reduce brain drain from home countries by increasing the links between mobile scientists and nonmobile scientists.
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Chauvin, Juan Pablo. Why Does COVID-19 Affect Some Cities More than Others?: Evidence from the First Year of the Pandemic in Brazil. Inter-American Development Bank, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003458.
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This paper investigates what explains the variation in impacts of COVID-19 across Brazilian cities. I assemble data from over 2,500 cities on COVID-19 cases and deaths, population mobility, and local policy responses. I study how these outcomes correlate with pre-pandemic local characteristics, drawing comparisons with existing US estimates when possible. As in the United States, the connections between city characteristics and outcomes in Brazil can evolve over time, with some early correlations fading as the pandemic entered a second wave. Population density is associated with greater local impact of the disease in both countries. However, in contrast to the United States, the pandemic in Brazil took a greater toll in cities with higher income levels consistent with the fact that higher incomes correlate with greater mobility in Brazil. Socioeconomic vulnerabilities, such as the presence of slums and high residential crowding, correlate with higher death rates per capita. Cities with such vulnerabilities in Brazil suffered higher COVID-19 death rates despite their residents' greater propensity to stay home. Policy responses do not appear to drive these connections.
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Thompson and Lawson. L51792 External Corrosion Control Monitoring Practices - Volumes I and II. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), May 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010173.
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The primary means of corrosion control for buried pipelines is the use of an external pipeline coating and the application of cathodic protection (CP). Monitoring the effectiveness of the corro sion control system is critical to the safe operation of natural gas pipelines. NACE International has established criteria andrecommended practices for monitoring the effectiveness of CP systems (RPO169-96). These practices and criteria have generally been accepted by regulatory agencies. Over the years a significant amount of research has been performed that is related to monitoring practices. Much of this research has been directed at improving measurement techniques that are aimed at satisfying the NACE criteria. In general, no significant effort has been made to incorporate research into currently used monitoring practices. The overall objectives of this project were (1) to consolidate research previously performed on monitoring the effectiveness of cathodic protection of pipelines, (2) to analyze the different monitoring techniques in light of the research, and (3) to produce monitoring guidelines that describe the application of these monitoring techniques for typical natural gas pipelines. The scope of this project was limited to the review of previous work, both PRCI funded and the open literature, and discussions with industry personnel. No field work or laboratory experiments were conducted. This project was further limited to the review of methodologies related to monitoring the effectiveness of the CP system and does not include methods for evaluating coatings. The research project was divided into the following two tasks: Task 1 - Review of Research and Practices and Task 2 - Development of Guidelines. This work was a consolidation of research that has been performed by the PRCI and others over the past several years. This review took the individual monitoring techniques (on-potential, off-potential, depolarized potential, close interval survey, etc.) and applied them to the typical pipeline scenarios (poorly-coated line, well-coated line, foreign line crossing, area with dynamic stray current, etc.). Each individual monitoring technique is summarized in terms of purpose, description, application, limitations, special considerations, and equipment requirements. Each pipeline scenario is supported with composite and line maps and the guidelines for each scenario are described in terms of a general description, applicable techniques, special considerations, measurement procedures, measurement locations, measurement frequency, applicable criteria, and data interpretation.
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Easter, Rachel, Amy Friedrich-Karnik, and Megan L. Kavanaugh. Any Restrictions on Reproductive Health Care Harm Reproductive Autonomy: Evidence from Four States. Guttmacher Institute, March 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1363/2024.300471.
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Key Points Key Points Research in four states—Arizona, Iowa, New Jersey and Wisconsin—that have varying sexual and reproductive health policies illustrates that restrictions appearing to target one type of reproductive health care have ripple effects on all aspects of reproductive care, including abortion and contraception. Research on the Trump administration’s 2019 Title X Final Rule, also known as the “domestic gag rule,” and related state polices provides evidence that policies seemingly aimed only at abortion can negatively impact health care systems and provider delivery of sexual and reproductive health care, as well as patients’ experiences of person-centered care and reproductive autonomy. Living in a state where the policies are generally protective of sexual and reproductive health care does not necessarily insulate individuals from the impact of restrictive federal policies. For example, the number of clinics in the Title X network and the number of people served by those clinics declined in New Jersey after the domestic gag rule took effect, similar to declines seen in states with more restrictive policies, such as Iowa and Wisconsin. The 2019 Title X Final Rule negatively impacted both clinics that chose to stay in and those that left the Title X network, limiting their services and the provision of person-centered care beyond what was dictated by the policy. Policy restrictions trickle down to impact individuals' experiences with care. For example, diminished access to high-quality, more affordable and more comprehensive sexual and reproductive health care resulted in some patients shifting their contraceptive use to a contraceptive method that they preferred less. Policy restrictions on sexual and reproductive health care compound existing inequities. Federal and state policies should fully fund Title X, ensure comprehensive coverage of all contraceptive options, and remove restrictions that silo abortion to promote reproductive autonomy and person-centered care.
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Keller, David P., Neha Mehendale, and Tronje P. Kemena. Analysis (report) of high- resolution modelling of efficacy, and regional impacts of selected ocean NETs close to the deployment sites. OceanNets, November 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/oceannets_d4.3_v1.
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Many recent ocean modelling studies have demonstrated the added value of enhanced horizontal resolution, although it comes at a high computational cost. However, few modeling studies of ocean-based CDR have been done at high resolution. Here we assess the effects of model resolution on two simulated ocean-based CDR methods, unequilibrated ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) and the direct marine capture (DMC) of CO2 from seawater (with assumed permanent storage), in experiments with the FOCI Earth system model. To do this we utilized two FOCI configurations, one with a 1/2° ocean resolution and the other with a 1/10° ocean nest in the N. Atlantic. Both configurations were run in a series of “paired” experiments with identical climate forcing and CDR deployments. We show that model resolution does appear to matter when simulating OAE and DMC. For OAE, parameterization of physical processes in the coarse resolution version of the model appears to overestimate how long alkalized waters stay in contact with the atmosphere and where they are transported. This results in large differences in OAE efficacy with almost twice as much carbon sequestered when the model resolution is coarse. For the DMC simulations, at one site there were clear differences in the compensating CO2 flux induced by DIC removal, which was again higher with a coarse resolution, while at the other site variability was high and differences were difficult to determine. At both DMC sites there were clear differences in circulation with the two model resolutions, and thus on downstream biogeochemistry. We suggest that well resolving ocean physics may be necessary to best calculate unequilibrated OAE and DMC efficacies and side effects. These results should be confirmed using other models and with different resolutions.
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Easter, Rachel, Amy Friedrich-Karnik, and Megan L. Kavanaugh. Any Restrictions on Reproductive Health Care Harm Reproductive Autonomy: Evidence from Four States. Guttmacher Institute, March 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1363/2024.30047.
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Key Points Research in four states—Arizona, Iowa, New Jersey and Wisconsin—that have varying sexual and reproductive health policies illustrates that restrictions appearing to target one type of reproductive health care have ripple effects on all aspects of reproductive care, including abortion and contraception. Research on the Trump administration’s 2019 Title X Final Rule, also known as the “domestic gag rule,” and related state polices provides evidence that policies seemingly aimed only at abortion can negatively impact health care systems and provider delivery of sexual and reproductive health care, as well as patients’ experiences of person-centered care and reproductive autonomy. Living in a state where the policies are generally protective of sexual and reproductive health care does not necessarily insulate individuals from the impact of restrictive federal policies. For example, the number of clinics in the Title X network and the number of people served by those clinics declined in New Jersey after the domestic gag rule took effect, similar to declines seen in states with more restrictive policies, such as Iowa and Wisconsin. The 2019 Title X Final Rule negatively impacted both clinics that chose to stay in and those that left the Title X network, limiting their services and the provision of person-centered care beyond what was dictated by the policy. Policy restrictions trickle down to impact individuals' experiences with care. For example, diminished access to high-quality, more affordable and more comprehensive sexual and reproductive health care resulted in some patients shifting their contraceptive use to a contraceptive method that they preferred less. Policy restrictions on sexual and reproductive health care compound existing inequities. Federal and state policies should fully fund Title X, ensure comprehensive coverage of all contraceptive options, and remove restrictions that silo abortion to promote reproductive autonomy and person-centered care.
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Barg, Rivka, Kendal D. Hirschi, Avner Silber, Gozal Ben-Hayyim, Yechiam Salts, and Marla Binzel. Combining Elevated Levels of Membrane Fatty Acid Desaturation and Vacuolar H+ -pyrophosphatase Activity for Improved Drought Tolerance. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7613877.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Background to the topic: In previous works we have shown that Arabidopsis and tomato over-expressing H+-pyrophosphatase show increased tolerance to drought imposed by withholding irrigation of young plants in pots (Park et al. 2005). In addition, young tobacco plants over-expressing fatty acid desaturase 3 (OEX-FAD3) also showed increasing tolerance to drought stress (Zhang et al 2005), and similarly OEX-FAD3 young tomato plants (unpublished data from ARO), hence raising the possibility that pyramiding the two could further improve drought tolerance in tomato. Based on these findings the specific objects originally set were: 1. To analyze the impact of pyramiding transgenes for enhanced fatty acid desaturation and for elevated H+-PPase activity on tomato yielding under water deficit stress conditions. 2. To elucidate the biochemical relationship between elevated desaturation of the membrane lipids and the activities of selected vacuolar transporters in the context of drought responses. 3. To explore the S. pennellii introgression lines as alternative genetic sources for drought tolerance related to enhanced fatty acid desaturation and/or H+-PPase activity. 4. Since OEX-FAD3 increases the levels of linolenic acid which is the precursor of various oxylipins including the stress hormone Jasmonate. (JA), study of the effect of this transgene on tolerance to herbivore pests was added as additional goal. The Major conclusions, solutions, and achievements are: (1) The facts that ectopic over-expression of vacuolarH+-PPases (in line OEX-AVP1) does not change the fatty acid profile compared to the parental MoneyMaker (MM) line and that elevated level of FA desaturation (by OEX-FAD3) does not change the activity of either H+-PPase, H+-ATPaseor Ca2+ /H+ antiport, indicate that the observed increased drought tolerance reported before for increase FA desaturation in tobacco plants and increased H+PPase in tomato plants involves different mechanisms. (2) After generating hybrid lines bringing to a common genetic background (i.e. F1 hybrids between line MP-1 and MM) each of the two transgenes separately and the two transgenes together the effect of various drought stress regimes including recovery from a short and longer duration of complete water withhold as well as performance under chronic stresses imposed by reducing water supply to 75-25% of the control irrigation regime could be studied. Under all the tested conditions in Israel, for well established plants grown in 3L pots or larger, none of the transgenic lines exhibited a reproducible significantly better drought tolerance compare to the parental lines. Still, examining the performance of these hybrids under the growth practices followed in the USA is called for. (3) Young seedlings of none of the identified introgression lines including the S. pennellii homologs of two of the H+-PPase genes and one of the FAD7 genes performed better than line M82 upon irrigation withhold. However, differences in the general canopy structures between the IL lines and M82 might mask such differences if existing. (4). Over-expression of FAD3 in the background of line MP-1 was found to confer significant tolerance to three important pest insects in tomato: Bordered Straw (Heliothis peltigera), Egyptian cotton leafworm (Spodoptera littoralis) and Western Flower Thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis). Implications: Although the original hypothesis that pyramiding these two trasgenes could improve drought tolerance was not supported, the unexpected positive impact on herbivore deterring, as well as the changes in dynamics of JA biosynthesis in response to wounding and the profound changes in expression of wound response genes calls for deciphering the exact linolenic acid derived signaling molecule mediating this response. This will further facilitate breeding for herbivore pest and mechanical stress tolerance based on this pathway.
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Bano, Masooda. International Push for SBMCs and the Problem of Isomorphic Mimicry: Evidence from Nigeria. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2022/102.
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Establishing School-Based Management Committees (SBMCs) is one of the most widely adopted and widely studied interventions aimed at addressing the learning crisis faced in many developing countries: giving parents and communities a certain degree of control over aspects of school management is assumed to increase school accountability and contribute to improvements in learning. Examining the case of Nigeria, which in 2005 adopted a national policy to establish SBMCs in state schools, this paper reviews the evidence available on SBMCs’ ability to mobilise communities, and the potential for this increased community participation to translate into improved learning. The paper shows that while local community participation can help improve school performance, the donor and state supported SBMCs struggle to stay active and have positive impact on school performance. Yet for ministries of education in many developing countries establishing SBMCs remains a priority intervention among the many initiatives aimed at improving education quality. The paper thus asks what makes the establishment of SBMCs a priority intervention for the Nigerian government. By presenting an analysis of the SBMC-related policy documents in Nigeria, the paper demonstrates that an intervention aimed at involving local communities and developing bottom-up approaches to identifying and designing education policies is itself entirely a product of top-down policy making, envisioned, developed, and funded almost entirely by the international development community. The entire process is reflective of isomorphic mimicry—a process whereby organisations attempt to mimic good behaviour to gain legitimacy, instead of fixing real challenges. Adopting the policy to establish SBMCs, which is heavily promoted by the international development community and does not require actual reform of the underlying political-economy challenges hindering investment in education, enables education ministries to mimic commitment to education reforms and attain the endorsement of the international community without addressing the real challenges. Like all cases of isomorphic mimicry, such policy adoption and implementation has costs: national ministries, as well as state- and district-level education authorities, end up devoting time, resources, and energy to planning, designing, and implementing an intervention for which neither the need nor the evidence of success is established. Additionally, such top-down measures prevent state agencies from identifying local opportunities for delivering the same goals more effectively and perhaps at a lower cost. The paper illustrates this with the case of the state of Kano: there is a rich indigenous culture of supporting community schools, yet, rather than learning why local communities support certain kinds of school but not state schools, and trying to replicate the lessons in state schools, the SBMC model introduced is designed by development agencies at the national level and is administratively complicated and resource-intensive. The opportunity for local learning has not been realised; instead, both the agenda and the implementation framework have been entirely shaped by international aid agencies. The paper thus demonstrates how apparently positive policy interventions resulting from pressure exerted by the international community could be having unintended consequences, given the national-level political-economy dynamics.