Journal articles: 'Stray dogs'

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Papavasili, TE, A. Kontogeorgos, A. Mayrommati, F. Chatzitheodoridis, and EN Sossidou. "Defining priority issues for managing stray dog populations: The case of Greece." Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 74, no. 1 (April 18, 2023): 5305–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.29295.

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Recent literature on stray dogs offers evidence about their increasing overpopulation. However, very few studies have attempted to investigate and explain the overpopulation of stray dogs in Greece. The aim of this study is to define how different social and professional groups prioritize issues related to management practices and programs that could be adopted at national and regional level. The Delphi method was applied for drawing, experiences, information, knowledge and opinions of fourteen experts serving from different professions and positions the topic of the study in order to demonstrate how the participation and cooperation of all stakeholders will lead to a sustainable management of their population. The process was completed in three rounds of online meetings in which participants were asked to fulfill questionnaires to analyze their choices. It was concluded that stray dogs are overpopulated mainly due to the "irresponsible ownership of the pet dog" which usually leads to its abandonment (most often without neutering), and the uncontrolled reproduction of stray dogs. Also, the lack of interest in adopting stray dogs was a matter of high priority. Finally, neutering strays and pets was demonstrated by the majority of experts as a solution against overpopulation of stray dogs

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Pilsworth, Rob, and Chris Laurence. "International rehoming of stray dogs." Veterinary Record 188, no. 11 (June 2021): 436. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vetr.618.

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GAMBLE, L., A. D. GIBSON, K. SHERVELL, F. LOHR, I. OTTER, and R. J. MELLANBY. "The problem of stray dogs." Revue Scientifique et Technique de l'OIE 37, no. 2 (August 1, 2018): 543–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.20506/rst.37.2.2822.

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Pearson, Chris. "Stray Dogs and the Making of Modern Paris*." Past & Present 234, no. 1 (January 29, 2017): 137–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pastj/gtw050.

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Abstract This article traces the policing of stray dogs in Paris from the French Revolution to the outbreak of the First World War. It argues that long-standing rabies anxieties dovetailed with the emergence of the public hygiene movement, fears of rapid urbanization, vagrancy and crime, modernization projects, and the veneration of the pedigree pet dog to cast the stray dog as an unwelcome presence on the city’s streets. Parisian public hygienists and authorities turned strays into a problem that they would solve to make the city safe, clean and modern. Combating strays became a matter of social defence and medical police.

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Oryan, A., S. M. Sadjjadi, D. Mehrabani, and M. Kargar. "Spirocercosis and its complications in stray dogs in Shiraz, southern Iran." Veterinární Medicína 53, No. 11 (December 15, 2008): 617–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/1866-vetmed.

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Spirocerca lupi is accepted in Veterinary Medicine as the cause of true malignancies in dogs. Aortic lesions and esophageal nodular granulomas are pathological lesions of spirocercosis that are considered to be pathognomic for this disease. Post mortem and histopathological studies of 105 stray dogs both male and female of different age groups from various residential areas were performed and their esophagus were examined for any lesions and helminthic parasites. Twenty dogs (19.04%) were infected with S. lupi. The infection rate was significantly higher in dogs greater than one year old (23.5%) and in western areas (36.4%) with similar prevalence rate in males and females. At histopathologic level, two isolate but closely related fibrosarcoma masses were situated at the distal portion of the thoracic esophagus of one dog and in the site of junction of esophagus and stomach of another one. Metastasis were observed in the lung and mediastinal lymph nodes of one of the dogs. Despite presence of large population of stray dogs little information is available about S. lupi in this country, so this study was undertaken to obtain an overall picture of this infection in stray dogs of Shiraz area, southern Iran.

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Park, Yeojin, Jinhyeong Noh, Hyun-Ji Seo, Keun-Ho Kim, Subin Min, Mi-Sun Yoo, Bo-Ram Yun, et al. "Seroprevalence and B1 gene Phylogeny of Toxoplasma gondii of Dogs and Cats in Republic of Korea." Korean Journal of Parasitology 58, no. 3 (June 26, 2020): 257–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2020.58.3.257.

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The outbreak of human toxoplasmosis can be attributed to ingestion of food contaminated with Toxoplasma gondii. Toxoplasmosis recently increased in domestic and stray dogs and cats. It prompted studies on the zoonotic infectious diseases transmitted via these animals. Sero- and antigen prevalences of T. gondii in dogs and cats were surveyed using ELISA and PCR, and B1 gene phylogeny was analyzed in this study. Toxoplasmosis antibodies were measured on sera of 403 stray cats, 947 stray dogs, 909 domestic cats, and 2,412 domestic dogs collected at nationwide regions, Korea from 2017 to 2019. In addition, whole blood, feces, and tissue samples were also collected from stray cats (1,392), stray dogs (686), domestic cats (3,040), and domestic dogs (1,974), and T. gondii-specific B1 gene PCR was performed. Antibody prevalence of stray cats, stray dogs, domestic cats, and domestic dogs were 14.1%, 5.6%, 2.3%, and 0.04%, respectively. Antigen prevalence of these animals was 0.5%, 0.2%, 0.1%, and 0.4%, respectively. Stray cats revealed the highest infection rate of toxoplasmosis, followed by stray dogs, domestic cats, and domestic dogs. B1 gene positives were 5 of stray cats, and identified to high/moderate pathogenic Type I/III group. These findings enforce that preventive hygienic measure should be strengthened at One Health level in dogs and cats, domestic and stray, to minimize human toxoplasmosis infections.

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Manning, Paul R. "Abandonment, stray dogs and compulsory microchipping." Veterinary Record 180, no. 4 (January 27, 2017): 100.2–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.j492.

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Ermakov, Aleksey M., and Aleksandr P. Evsyukov. "First data on population of stray dogs in Rostov-on-Don." Veterinaria Kubani, no. 2 (May 8, 2020): 27–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33861/2071-8020-2020-2-27-28.

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Animal populations in large cities have long been the subject of public and scientific discussions. In Russia, there are currently no federal laws regarding the management of stray animal populations. The most common and problematic animals in cities are dogs. Urban populations of homeless and stray dogs are an important link in the conservation and transmission of pathogens that can lead to the development of zooanthroposes.To regulate the situation associated with homeless and stray dogs, it is necessary to take into account their number, gender and age composition. These data allow the competent management of the population and timely take measures to regulate it. The first data on the population of stray dogs in Rostov-on-Don are presented in the article. For animal counting was used technique developed by the ICAM coalitionrepeatedly tested in different cities of Europe and shown its efficiency. To estimate the number of dogs, the city was divided into 59sectors approximately equal in area. Each sector was divided into four parts, one of them was counted, the rest of the data was extrapolated. In each sector, 2-3 volunteers worked, who recorded the dogs they met, noting at the same time their approximate age, gender, size, and possible health problems. All actions during the calculations were carried out using the Strays ID program installed on volunteers' smartphones. According to the results of calculations, the total number of stray dogs in the city is approximately 2 712 individuals. The data on the sexual composition of the population, the number of sick and damaged dogs, their physique, spatial distribution by city districts and density are discussed.

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Guilloux, Aline G. A., Ligia I. Panachão, Ana J. S. Alves, Carolina B. Zetun, Alex J. F. Cassenote, and Ricardo A. Dias. "Stray dogs in urban fragments: relation between population’s perception of their presence and socio-demographic factors." Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 38, no. 1 (January 2018): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-4293.

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ABSTRACT: Stray dogs are associated with environment and public health impacts. São Paulo is a city with approximately 2.5 million owned dogs and until the time of writing no studies describing the distribution of the stray dog population have been conducted in this city. Therefore, no scientific support for intervention plans is available. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of local sociodemographic and environmental factors with the population perception of presence of stray dogs in urban fragments of São Paulo city. A convenience sample of six urban fragments was selected. In-depth interviews were performe, using a systematic random sample of households in each study area, between October/2010 and January/2011 to identify socio-demographic factors of interest and determine the population’s perception of stray dogs. Additionally, the presence of stray dogs was estimated by photographic mark-recapture method. The degree of human-dog proximity and environmental factors such as waste handling were associated to the sighting of stray dogs. Stray dogs were observed in two of the six study areas, agreeing with the greater population perception of this issue on those areas. Intervention in these factors and encouragement of responsible ownership are two potential solutions for management and reduction of problems associated with the presence of stray dogs.

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Phoosangwalthong, Pornkamol, Nam Hung Luong, Jutamas Wongwigkan, Ketsarin Kamyingkird, Jumnongjit Phasuk, Khampee Pattanatanang, Nipa Thammasonthijarern, et al. "Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati in Stray Dogs and Cats in Bangkok, Thailand: Molecular Prevalence and Risk Factors." Parasitologia 2, no. 2 (April 28, 2022): 88–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/parasitologia2020009.

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Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati are known as common roundworm in dogs and cats, respectively. The objective of the current study was to determine the molecular prevalence and risk factors associated with T. canis and T. cati infections in stray dogs and cats, respectively, in Bangkok, Thailand. In total, 1000 fecal samples (from 500 dogs and 500 cats) were collected from stray dogs and cats residing in Bangkok temples. DNA was extracted and screened for T. canis and T. cati using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. The overall prevalence of T. canis in the stray dogs was 5.4% (27/500) and 0.6% (3/500) for T. cati in the stray cats. Toxocara canis infections were detected in stray dogs from 11 out of 48 districts (22.9%), with Bang Khen district having the highest proportion of infected dogs, whereas T. cati infections were only detected in the stray cats in Lat Krabang district. These results indicated that stray animals residing in Bangkok temples pose a considerable public health risk due to zoonotic parasites, especially T. canis.

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Fernández, Heriberto, and Rodolfo Martin. "Campylobacter intestinal carriage among stray and pet dogs." Revista de Saúde Pública 25, no. 6 (December 1991): 473–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-89101991000600009.

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The natural distribution of thermotolerant Campylobacter sp. in dogs (150 stray animals and 64 pets) was studied. Campylobacters were more frequently isolated (p<0.01) from stray dogs (51.3%) rather than from pet dogs (21.9%). All the biotypes described by Lior for C. jejuni and C. coli were found among stray animals, whereas only C. jejuni biotypes I and II and C. coli biotype II were found among pet dogs. The need for more studies related to the role of environmental sanitary conditions in the spreading of Campylobacter species is noted.

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Capellà Miternique, Hugo, and Florence Gaunet. "Coexistence of Diversified Dog Socialities and Territorialities in the City of Concepción, Chile." Animals 10, no. 2 (February 13, 2020): 298. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10020298.

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There has been scant research on the presence of stray dogs in cities. Studying their very considerable presence in Concepción (Chile) provided a unique opportunity to learn more about the different patterns of sociality and territoriality exhibited by the dog species. Via a set of case studies, we examined the behavior of urban dogs, adopting an ethnographic methodology. This yielded findings of the dogs’ cognitive, social and spatial adjustment abilities, i.e., their territorialities. Our hypothesis was validated: We found numerous types of sociability, we confirmed the presence of two previously established categories: family dogs (pets, guard dogs and beggars’ dogs) and stray dogs (dogs almost entirely unused to humans, aggressive dogs at the far end of the campus and feral dogs in the woods). We also identified three new ones: familiar stray dogs in packs (dogs both spatially and socially close to humans), pet-stray dogs (i.e., village dogs interacting closely with people) and free-roaming pet dogs. We conclude that an ongoing two-way bond between humans and animals allowed these dogs to became part of a city’s urban identity and explains the stray dogs’ plasticity in terms of adapting to the diversified urban habitat. We postulate that it was the human culture and range of urban areas in Concepción that gave rise to this unique diversity of sociospatial positioning and level of adjustment (e.g., dogs crossing crosswalks).

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Alkan, Ayten. "Deportation as an Urban Stray Dogs Management Policy: Forest Dogs of Istanbul." Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government 14, no. 3 (July 31, 2016): 613–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4335/14.3.613-635(2016).

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The modern city, differing from other human settlements, moreover from all other habitats, is wholly organized in order to response to only one species’ -homo sapiens’- needs and desires. This exceptional habitat has also been a socio-spatial organization (re)stabilizing upon mechanisms of discipline, order, inclusion / exclusion, and clearance. The safety and security polity of the modern city, which serves to its imagined, conceived and desired - yet formal and shallow - sterility, dispatches systematically the excommunicated to the margins and / or to camps. Other animals are obviously the most invisible, most disposable and marginalized, and most silenced subjects of those mechanisms. This paper deals with one of those disposable subjects, stray dogs, in the context of a relatively new exclusion / clearance policy of urban municipalities in İstanbul -that is deportation and dumping of stray dogs to the surrounding forests. Considering the more recent local governmental projects to establish huge “concentration camps” at the outskirts of the metropolitan area, the study consequently tries to reexamine this policy of deportation as an undeclared provisional practice for an ultimate total displacement, relocation, and absolute insulation of stray animals.

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Garedaghi, Yagoob, Asl Ali Shabestari, and Seivan Ahmadi. "Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Helminthes in Stray Dogs of Tabriz City, Iran." Greener Journal of Biological Sciences 4, no. 5 (June 16, 2014): 135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.15580/gjbs.2014.5.033114169.

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Levi, Diana. "Evolution of Stray Dog’s Control in Italy." Journal of Applied Animal Ethics Research 2, no. 1 (December 13, 2019): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/25889567-12340021.

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Abstract During the last 30 years the law regarding stray dogs in Italy evolved from employing euthanasia for these dogs after three days, to long term kenneling of all dogs not seriously or incurably ill or proven aggressive. This was a highly ethical law whose application was extremely difficult because of the lack of financial resources and adequate kenneling facilities. It is fair, necessary and urgent to adopt ethical choices in managing problems connected with stray dogs but decisions must be taken in consideration with thorough evaluation of the situation. Is long term kenneling a correct way to safeguard dogs’ welfare? Are there tools available to evaluate the welfare of these dogs? The available data about the number of stray dogs, both in kennels and roaming, are up to date? Are there financial resources available? Do the structures necessary to accommodate these animals exist and are they adequate? Countries that still have a kill policy should consider these aspects before legislating on this issue.

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Gordon, J. C., and E. J. Angrick. "Stray dogs as sentinels for canine parvovirus." Preventive Veterinary Medicine 3, no. 3 (February 1985): 311–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-5877(85)90025-x.

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Hamidullah, Hamidullah, Muhammad Saqib, Muhammad Sohail Sajid, Sabir Hussain, Hafiz Muhammad Rizwan, Khurram Ashfaq, Sadia Ghazanfer, et al. "Screening of Toxoplasmosis in Owned and Stray Dogs of District Faisalabad, Pakistan through Latex Agglutination and Indirect ELISA." Pathogens 11, no. 11 (November 7, 2022): 1307. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11111307.

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Introduction: Toxoplasma gondii (an intracellular protozoan) causes toxoplasmosis in warm-blooded animals, including humans and dogs. The present study was carried out to investigate the seroprevalence of canine toxoplasmosis in the owned and stray populations of dogs in Faisalabad District, Punjab, Pakistan. Materials and Methods: Commercially available Latex Agglutination Test (LAT) kits were used for the screening of samples (139 stray and 150 owned), followed by confirmation through ELISA. For the statistical analyses, chi-square was used to correlate the prevalence of toxoplasmosis with various factors. Results: The overall prevalence of toxoplasmosis, determined by the LAT, was 22.5% and, by ELISA, was 21.8%. A nonsignificant association of toxoplasmosis was determined among owned and stray dogs. Among owned dog breeds, Bulldogs showed 28.30% prevalence, and among stray dogs, the highest prevalence was determined in Bhakarwal dogs (39.29%). Young and female dogs showed a slightly higher prevalence of toxoplasmosis than adults and males, respectively. Conclusions: The present study determined by LAT and ELISA in owned dogs showed the same results, while a little variation was found in the stray dogs. It is concluded that both owned and stray dogs are infected with toxoplasmosis in Faisalabad District, and based on this, it is recommended that province-wide epidemiological studies be carried out to examine the prevalence of Toxoplasma and develop policies in order to control toxoplasmosis.

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Cai, Huixia, Jing Zhang, Xuefei Zhang, Yayi Guan, Xiao Ma, Jianping Cao, Junying Ma, et al. "Prevalence of Echinococcus Species in Wild Foxes and Stray Dogs in Qinghai Province, China." American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 106, no. 2 (February 2, 2022): 718–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.21-0622.

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ABSTRACT. Echinococcosis is a zoonotic parasitic disease that is highly endemic to the Qinghai province of China. Limited data are available on the prevalence of the causal pathogen, Echinococcus spp., in definitive hosts in this region. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of Echinococcus spp. in wild foxes and stray dogs in Qinghai province. Five hundred and twenty-eight feces from wild foxes and 277 from stray dogs were collected from 11 counties in the Golog, Yushu, and Haixi prefectures and screened for Echinococcus spp. using copro-DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In total, 5.5% of wild foxes and 15.2% of stray dogs tested positive for Echinococcus spp. The prevalence rates of Echinococcus spp. in wild foxes in Golog, Yushu, and Haixi were 7.3%, 5.2%, and 1.9%, respectively. In stray dogs, these rates were 13.3%, 17.3%, and 0%, respectively. Sequencing analysis determined that Echinococcus multilocularis was the most prevalent species, occurring in 4.0% and 12.6% of wild foxes and stray dogs, respectively. Echinococcus shiquicus was observed in 1.5% of wild foxes and 0.7% of stray dogs. Echinococcus granulosus was observed only in wild dogs, with a prevalence rate of 1.8%. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the prevalence of E. shiquicus in dogs in Qinghai province. The current results improve our understanding of the transmission and dissemination of human echinococcosis and suggest that exposure to the eggs of E. multilocularis harbored by wild foxes and stray dogs may pose a great risk of alveolar echinococcosis to humans in Qinghai province.

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Dănilă, Gabriel, Valerian Simioniuc, and Mihai Leonard Duduman. "Research on the Ethology and Diet of the Stray Dog Population in the Areas Bordering the Municipality of Suceava, Romania." Veterinary Sciences 10, no. 3 (March 1, 2023): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10030188.

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This paper analyses aspects of the ethology and feeding of stray dogs in the areas bordering the city of Suceava and the nearby towns. The study area is located in the hunting grounds (HG), which are managed by the “Ștefan cel Mare” University in Suceava. Between October 2017 and April 2022, the behaviour and the types of food consumed by stray dogs captured in the outskirts of the localities in the study area were analysed. A sample of 183 stray dogs were used for the study, and the analysis established the distribution and density of the dogs in the free-range area compared to the density of the wild animals of hunting interest. The tracks and travel routes of the stray dogs were highlighted. Areas where packs of feral dogs camp were also identified. Observations were made of the individual and social behaviours of the dogs, their gregariousness and the way in which they hunt. The types of food consumed were analysed for each specimen. Through the collected and analysed data, the opportunistic predatory behaviour of the stray dogs was highlighted. Thus, stray dogs revert to the typical wild canid ways of behaving. As for food, our results showed the dogs’ predilection for meat, both wild and domestic. On the other hand, the diet of roaming dogs is much more varied compared to that of wild canids. This is due to the fact that the way in which domestic dogs feed has changed over thousands of years as a result of living alongside humans.

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Katica, Muhamed, Nedzad Gradascevic, Nejra Hadzimusic, Zarema Obradovic, Ramo Mujkanovic, Esad Mestric, Senad Coloman, and Muhamed Dupovac. "WIDESPREAD OF STRAY DOGS: METHODS FOR SOLVING THE PROBLEM IN CERTAIN REGIONS OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 5, no. 6 (June 30, 2017): 414–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v5.i6.2017.2050.

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Stray dogs are the ones not microchipped, which live across the streets and other public surfaces unattended, and so represent a serious public-health problem. Lack of human support for the stray dogs causes a range of problems - from territorial status to ensuring food. Such conditions force them to activate a self-preservation mechanism and return to natural behavioral patterns. Regarding the fact that several thousands of stray dogs were recorded in observed regions of Bosnia and Herzegovina in the period from 2008 – 2009, it was obvious that such conditions could endanger the health of both humans and domestic animals. The problem in Bosnia and Herzegovina attempted to be solved using various approaches during the period from 1996 – 2009. Some solutions were: using hygiene services of public utility companies in some places, or establishing dog shelters. The third solution for the problem was the employment of hunting associations and their active participation for reducing the number of stray dogs. Minimization of large number of stray dogs required number of measures and activities such as aplicable legal framework, education for dog owners, neutering of dogs, building shelters, euthanasia of ill and agressive dogs and permanent hosting of dogs.

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Wells, D., and P. G. Hepper. "The Behaviour of Dogs in a Rescue Shelter." Animal Welfare 1, no. 3 (August 1992): 171–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0962728600014998.

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AbstractEvery year sees an increase in the number of dogs admitted to rescue shelters. However well these dogs are cared for in the shelter it cannot be ignored that being in such a situation is stressful, and the time spent in the shelter may change the dogs’ behaviour which may in turn influence their chances of being bought from the shelter. This research examined the behaviour of stray and unwanted dogs on their first, third and fifth days in an Ulster Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (USPCA) shelter. A questionnaire was also distributed to members of the public to determine how popular the USPCA was as a place from where to purchase a dog, and what factors about a dog's physical characteristics, behaviour and environment influenced potential buyers. Results revealed no significant difference between the behaviour of stray and unwanted dogs although the public viewed stray dogs as much less desirable than unwanted dogs. Time in the shelter had no adverse effects on the dogs’ behaviour. Indeed those changes which did occur during captivity, dogs being more relaxed in the presence of people and eating food more quickly, may be considered as positive changes. The USPCA was viewed as a popular place from which to buy a dog. Of factors influencing the public's choice, the dog's environment and behaviour appeared more important than its physical characteristics. The presence of a toy in the dog's cage greatly increased the public's preference for the dog, although the toy was ignored by the dog. The welfare implications of sheltering dogs are discussed.

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Nedkova, Ivelina, Toncho Penev, Dimo Dimov, Krasimira Uzunova, Jurii Mitev, and Chonka Miteva. "Study of the activities of the municipal dogs shelters in the city of Stara Zagora and Kazanlak before and after the COVID - 19 pandemic." Journal of Intelligent Animal Husbandry 2, no. 1 (2023): 23–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/joiah.2023.01.003.

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The purpose of the present study is to study the activity of the municipal shelters for stray dogs in Kazanlak and Stara Zagora for the period 2014-2020 and to make proposals for controlling the stray dog populations. The object of the study is the Municipal Shelters for Stray Dogs in Stara Zagora and Kazanlak for the period 2014-2020. From the research done, it was found that in the Municipal shelter for stray dogs in the city of Stara Zagora, about 340 dogs are captured per year, and in 2020 (the year with restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic) there are only 267 dogs. For comparison, between 200 and 300 dogs are captured in the Municipal shelter for stray dogs in the city of Kazanlak. In 2018, a record number of 392 dogs were captured at this shelter. An analysis shows that a high percentage of captured dogs are subject to castration - up to 56% in Stara Zagora and approximately the same in Kazanlak, where, however, there are also campaigns for castration of yard dogs in the villages. The percentage of dogs returned to the streets in Stara Zagora is low from 6.7 to 36.8%, and in Kazanlak from 17 to 23.4%. As for the adopted animals, in Stara Zagora the results reached 77.2%, and in Kazanlak up to 44% of the captured animals.

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Ćetković, Jasmina, Miloš Žarković, Miloš Knežević, Meri Cvetkovska, Radoje Vujadinović, Snežana Rutešić, Željka Beljkaš, Marija Grujić, and Bojan Adžić. "Financial and Socio-Economic Effects of Investment in the Context of Dog Population Management." Animals 12, no. 22 (November 17, 2022): 3176. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12223176.

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The modern world faces serious challenges associated with the presence of stray dogs on the streets, especially in urban areas. Vardar Planning Region in North Macedonia, which consists of nine municipalities, experiences such challenges. According to current reports, the number of stray dogs on the streets of cities in this region has increased, which has resulted in an increase in the number of dog attacks on residents. As the existing capacities are small in the registered shelters, we considered the possibility of building a new shelter for stray dogs to meet the needs of this region. The goal of our paper is the evaluation of the financial and socio-economic justifications for the construction of a shelter for stray dogs in the Vardar Planning Region (VPR). The results of the financial justification analysis show that the project does not provide satisfactory financial results. Namely, the Financial Net Present Value (FNPV) is negative, with a value of EUR 75,291. The Financial Internal Rate of Return (FIRR) is 0.57%, lower than the discount rate, which is not acceptable for a private investor. The Financial Benefit–Cost Ratio (FB/CR) of this project is 0.925, suggesting that the total discounted costs are greater than the total discounted revenues. On the other hand, the expected socio-economic benefits from this project are multifaceted, including savings in stray dog bite costs, savings in the cost of traffic accidents caused by stray dogs, and savings in the treatment of diseases caused by stray dogs. The results of the economic analysis show that this investment has full socio-economic justification and that it should be implemented. The Economic Net Present Value (ENPV) is positive and amounts to EUR 789,916. The Economic Internal Rate of Return (EIRR) is 25.94% and the Economic Benefit–Cost Ratio (EB/CR) amounts to 1.90, i.e., greater than 1. The results of the sensitivity analysis also confirm the justification for the realization of this project.

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Mirzaeian, S., AA Sarchahi, A. Shojaee Tabrizi, and A. Derakhshandeh. "Eradication of gastric Helicobacter spp. by triple therapy in dogs." Veterinární Medicína 58, No. 11 (December 5, 2013): 582–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/7140-vetmed.

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The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of a triple anti-Helicobacter therapy using omeprazole, amoxicillin and clarithromycin (OAC) in dogs. A total of 15 healthy adult stray dogs with naturally acquired Helicobacter infection were evaluated using polymerase chain reaction and rapid urease test. Subsequently, they received a 21-day triple regimen. One day after the discontinuation of treatment, a second molecular analysis of gastric biopsies revealed complete eradication of Helicobacter DNA with negative quantitative urease testing in all 15 dogs. Our results confirmed the high prevalence of gastric Helicobacter-like organisms (GHLOs) in the stray dog population of Shiraz, Iran, and the effectiveness of our therapeutic regimen for the complete eradication of these microorganisms in stray dogs. In conclusion, for the complete elimination of non-pylori Helicobacter spp. from the gastric mucosa of dogs, a 21-day three-drug regimen with omeprazole, amoxicillin and clarithromycin is suggested.

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Alshehabat, M., M. Obaidat, and W. Hayajneh. "Seroprevalence of Brucella canis in dogs and at-risk humans in Jordan." Veterinární Medicína 64, No. 6 (June 20, 2019): 260–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/67/2018-vetmed.

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Brucella canis infection is a neglected zoonotic disease and its seroprevalence in dogs and at-risk humans has not been previously studied in several countries including Jordan. The main aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence and identify risk factors of B. canis infection in police, breeding and stray dogs and in at-risk humans in Jordan. A total of 169 sera samples from apparently healthy dogs and 185 samples from apparently healthy people (85 from dog handlers and 100 from the general population) were tested in the study. Antibodies against B. canis were tested using the canine D-Tec® CB Rapid Slide Agglutination Test (RSAT) kit with secondary 2-mercaptoethanol (ME-RSAT). Overall, 8.3% of the dog sera samples tested positive to antibodies against B. canis, and 37.8% of stray dogs tested positive. Seroprevalence was higher in male dogs than in females. Furthermore, none of the tested human samples was positive to antibodies against B. canis. There was a significant association between seropositivity and the type of dog. The study reports preliminary findings that suggest the presence of B. canis among stray dogs in Jordan. Thus, preventive measures should be taken to control the transmission of this pathogen from stray dogs to other dogs and humans as well.

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Yakovleva, Maria Leonidovna, and Elena Georgievna Shadrina. "A comparative analysis of stray dogs color in Yakutsk." Samara Journal of Science 11, no. 2 (June 1, 2022): 136–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.55355/snv2022112120.

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In this study we consider the frequency of coat color variation among Yakutsk stray dogs. The study was carried out at the same time in three city districts: Centralniy, Saysarskiy and Stroitelniy. The districts differ in urban development and population density of stray dogs. The Stroitelniy and Saysarskiy Districts belong to a one-two-storey residential type of the building, the Centralniy one - to a multi-storey residential type. 8 types of colors were distinguished: black, white, red, wolf-gray (agouti), yellow with a mask, black-backed, white large-spotted and black with white spots. The analysis of the morphs was carried out in percent, as well as Zhivotovskys indications: the average number of morphs ( ), proportion of rare phens ( h ), phonetic similarity of groups ( r ). The most frequent is a black-backed color - 21,42% (95% confidence interval: 17,33-26,92). The wolf-gray type of color - 18,56% (CI: 14,00-25,00) and the black with white spots type - 15,62% (CI: 11,54-20,00) are also very frequent. The white large-spotted color (4,62% CI: 3,33-6,67) is the least frequent among the selected types. It is proved that the population of stray dogs in Yakutsk is quite homogeneous. One-to-one comparison of stray dog groups from different districts of Yakutsk showed that the groups from the Centralniy and Stroitelniy Districts turned out to be the closest ( r = 0,972 0,024). The lowest connection between dogs groups were observed in the Saysarskiy and Stroitelniy Districts ( r = 0,933 0,029). The collation of the Centralniy and Saysarskiy Districts also revealed an analogy between these groups of stray dogs ( r = 0,956 0,034). Therefore, the morphotype of stray dogs in Yakutsk is formed mainly without any human influence, mostly have a random pattern. Conditions of life can impact to the selection; as a result the most accommodated individuals survive on the street in the region with a severe climate.

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Khamesipour, Faham, Abbas Doosti, Mohsen Fard Emadi, and Babafela Awosile. "Detection of Brucella sp. and Leptospira sp. in dogs using conventional polymerase chain reaction." Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Pulawy 58, no. 4 (December 1, 2014): 527–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bvip-2014-0081.

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Abstract The study was conducted to detect Brucella sp. and Leptospira sp. in blood samples of dogs in Isfahan and Shahrekord province in Iran. A total of 94 blood samples were collected from dogs of different breed, age, sex, and dogs’ type (stray or nonstray). The samples were examined using conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Fourteen (14.89%) dogs were positive for Brucella sp. and 18 (19.15%). dogs for Leptospira sp. There were no significant differences between the prevalence of the pathogens, provinces, sex, and age groups (P > 0.05). However, there was a statistically significant difference in prevalence of Brucella sp. and Leptospira sp. between stray and non-stray dogs (P < 0.0001; χ2 = 30.3767). The study also demonstrated that PCR was successfully used for the first time in Iran for the detection of Brucella sp. and Leptospira sp. in blood samples of dogs. Therefore, we recommend the PCR as a supplementary method with other commonly recognised methods (e.g. serological methods) for the diagnosis of subclinical infections with the microorganisms. Strict measures for the control of stray dogs are also highly recommended.

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Monir, Tawfeeq. "Effects of opium inhalation on physical and biochemical parameters of stray dogs in Kabul city, Afghanistan." Open Veterinary Journal 12, no. 4 (2022): 426. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/ovj.2022.v12.i4.1.

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Abstract Background: Afghanistan is one of the biggest opium producing country in the world. There are more than a million drug addicts in the country, which most of them are living in public places. Stray dogs who lives with drug addicts are at highest risk of inhaling drugs Aim: Aim of this study is to evaluate changes in physical and biochemical parameters of stray dogs inhaling drugs. Methods: Total of 12 dogs were assigned into two groups of healthy and infected (stray dogs who inhale drugs) dogs. Physical and biochemical parameters of both groups were evaluated. Results: Subjective evaluation showed clinical changes such as congestion of conjunctiva in infected group. Biochemical examination showed significantly higher level of glucose (P<0.05) and total protein (P<0.01) in infected group compared to healthy group. The ratio of other biochemical parameters was slightly decreased as compare to healthy dogs. Conclusion: Drug inhalation can alter biochemical parameters like glucose and total protein in dogs. Keywords: Addicts, Biochemical parameters, Opium, Physical parameters, Stray dogs

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Phrasad, Mr Phaniram. "Rescue Pet Android Application." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VIII (August 15, 2021): 617–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37445.

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ResQ-Pet caring system is comprehensive system for welfare of stray dogs. In present scenario many stray animals do not have shelter and also starve for food. Very frequently some dogs meet with severe road accidents and necessary care to be taken is not known for many, in such cases it is hard to find emergency contact. There is a necessity to control the population of stray dogs because they act as carriers for various contagious diseases like rabies, brucella etc. Pet adoption is an efficient way to reduce stray dog population. This app helps is keeping track of number of dogs rescued and adopted, also displays some necessary actions to be taken during an emergency. This app also provides a payment portal for donation. The entire operations will be under administration of certain organizations that work for the purpose of stray dog welfare.

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Shabestari Asl, Ali, Mohammad Bafandehzendeh, and Gholamreza Abdollahpoor. "Sero-prevalence of Leptospira spp. in Household and Stray Dogs by Microscopic Agglutination Test." International Journal of Medical Parasitology and Epidemiology Sciences 1, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/ijmpes.2020.02.

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Background: Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease of worldwide significance in human beings and many animals. This zoonotic disease causes infection in dogs and other pet animals and these animals can influence human’s health. Given the unknown prevalence of leptospirosis in dogs in our area, this study was performed to investigate the sero-epidemiology of leptospirosis and evaluate the seroprevalence of Leptospira serovars in both household and stray dogs by microscopic agglutination test (MAT). Methods: Serum samples of 90 dogs in two household and stray groups (45 dogs for each group) were collected. Specimens were examined by MAT (in accordance with the procedure recommended by WHO) against antigens of serovars Canicola, Grippotyphosa, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Pomona, Hardjo, Autumnalis, and Ballum. Results: In total, 6.7% of (n=6) dogs (1 stray and 5 household dogs) had a serum titer of 1:100 or more against Leptospira serovars. Dominant serovars were Canicola (8.9%), Grippotyphosa (2.2%), and Pomona (2.2%), respectively. The antibody titer against more than one serovar was observed only in one dog. The sero-prevalence was 11.1% in household dogs and 2.2% in stray dogs. Since 4 pet dogs had been vaccinated recently, it seems that the actual percentage of infection in household dogs must be just 2.2% and actual infection in dogs including stray dogs is approximately 4.4% in Tabriz. Conclusion: Fortunately, the rate of infection in Tabriz is low and this can be due to special geographical and climatic conditions, regular and annual vaccination of household dogs against this disease, and lack of suitable conditions for the growth and survival of such micro-organisms in the environment

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Watanabe, Malaika, Mohammed Babatunde Sadiq, Nazrul Iqbal Abdul Mulop, Konto Mohammed, Puteri Azaziah Megat Rani, Lau Seng Fong, Nor Azlina Aziz, et al. "Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii Antibodies in Stray Dogs from Various Locations in West and East Malaysia." Korean Journal of Parasitology 58, no. 5 (October 22, 2020): 487–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2020.58.5.487.

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Toxoplasmosis is caused by an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite; Toxoplasma gondii, which is one of the most important zoonotic parasite worldwide. In dogs, the sexual reproductive cycle of T. gondii is lacking, and the animals are not widely consumed as food, but they are vital in the mechanical transmission of the parasite. However, there is no present data on the exposure of stray dogs to T. gondii in Malaysia. The objective of this serological survey was to determine the prevalence of T. gondii antibodies (IgG) and associated factors in stray dogs in East and West Malaysia. Antibodies to T. gondii were determined in serum samples from 222 stray dogs from 6 different states in East and West Malaysia (Peninsular Malaysia) using an Indirect ELISA. The seroprevalence for T. gondii was 23.4% (Confidence interval: CI 17.8-29.2%). Stray dogs from Selangor and Kuala Lumpur had the highest seroprevalence (32.4%; CI 13.2-45.5%) and lowest in those from Penang and Kedah (12.5%; CI 1.3-23.5%). Gender and breed were not associated with T. gondii seropositivity. However, adult dogs were more likely to be seropositive for T. gondii (OR=2.89; CI 1.1-7.7) compared with younger dogs. These results revealed that T. gondii is prevalent in stray dogs in the studied areas in Malaysia, and indicative of the level of environmental contamination of this parasite especially in urban areas.

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Wongphruksasoong, Vilaiporn, Sanisa Santayakorn, Watee Sitthi, Bunjong Ardkham, Supathida Pisek, Prakit Srisai, Prawit Chumkasian, et al. "Census versus Capture-recapture Method to Estimate Dog Population in Lumlukka District, Pathum Thani Province, Thailand, 2010." Outbreak, Surveillance, Investigation & Response (OSIR) Journal 9, no. 1 (March 31, 2016): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.59096/osir.v9i1.263225.

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Although reliable data for dog population is essential for designing an effective strategy for rabies vaccination, it is difficult to precisely estimate the dog population, especially the stray dogs. This study estimated the dog population by census and capture-recapture method (CR), characterized dog population, described practicality and feasibility, and estimated the rabies vaccination coverage. Ten urban and rural areas in Lumlukka District, Pathum Thani Province were randomly selected. Results showed that stray dog population from census was lower than CR estimates in both urban and rural areas. The census showed that the majority of dogs were confined owned dogs in the urban area (70%) and unconfined owned dogs in the rural area (96%). The stray dog population from census was 8.0% in the urban and 4.4% in the rural areas. Rabies vaccination coverage among dogs in the urban was 84% and in the rural was 65%. Although CR method used less time and people than census, it was more complicated. The census method might underestimate the number of stray dogs while the CR failed to include the confined owned dogs. Therefore, the census method could be a preferable method to collect data of owned dogs and CR could provide a better estimate of stray dog population. Both methods could be used to monitor the rabies control program and plan for effective strategy to eradicate rabies in Thailand.

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Birkenheuer, Adam J., Michael G. Levy, Martha Stebbins, Matthew Poore, and Edward Breitschwerdt. "Serosurvey of AntiBabesia Antibodies in Stray Dogs and American Pit Bull Terriers and American Staffordshire Terriers From North Carolina." Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 39, no. 6 (November 1, 2003): 551–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5326/0390551.

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Stray dogs (n=359) and kennel dogs (n=149) from North Carolina were tested for evidence of antiBabesia antibodies. AntiBabesia antibodies were detected in 21/359 and 22/149 of the stray and kennel dogs, respectively. A total of 57 dogs from both groups were tested for babesiasis by light microscopy and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Babesia deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was detected in 3/28 of the stray dogs and 14/29 of the kennel dogs. When Babesia DNA was detected by PCR, the species-specific PCR results differed from the Babesia species antibody titer results in 6/17 of the PCR-positive dogs. There was no association between antiBabesia antibodies and the presence of ticks. There are currently Babesia gibsoni epizootics affecting American pit bull terrier kennels.

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Panteleienko, O., A. Melnyk, and T. Tsarenko. "Serological screening of antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi in stray and pet dogs populations in Ukraine." Naukovij vìsnik veterinarnoï medicini, no. 2 (184) (November 23, 2023): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-4902-2023-184-2-93-100.

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This study describes for the first time in Ukraine the results of serological screening for antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) in the population of pet and stray dogs. The study was conducted in the city of Bila Tserkva, Kyiv region, in 2021 and 2022. A total of 351 serum samples were examined, of which 168 were collected from pet dogs and 183 from stray dogs. The study included the use of serological methods, including immunochromatographic analysis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Line blot is a simplified form of Western Blot. The results of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that 14 positive samples from stray dogs had specific antibodies to B. burgdorferi s.l. In addition, 10 questionable serum samples were received, all from stray dogs. Further testing of the questionable samples using a Line blot assay showed that five of them contained antibodies to highly specific surface proteins of B. burgdorferi s.l., in particular to p100, VlsE and p18, confirming the presence of a natural infection. The remaining five samples were negative, indicating nonspecific immunoassay reactions. In contrast, the results of immunochromatographic analysis did not reveal any positive serum samples, which casts doubt on the possibility of using this method as a rapid screening tool for seroprevalence studies and requires further investigation. In summary, the study showed that the seroprevalence of Lyme borreliosis among the studied population of stray dogs remained stable between 2021 and 2022, with rates of 10.2% and 10.7%, respectively, without a statistically significant difference (p=0.9164). In contrast, the studied population of pet dogs was consistently seronegative for B. burgdorferi s.l. in both years. Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference in seroprevalence between the stray and pet dog populations studied (p<0.00001). The stability of the seroprevalence of Lyme borreliosis in the population of stray dogs indicates the constant presence and persistence of this zoonosis in the study region. This emphasizes the need to implement long-term surveillance to better understand the dynamics of the disease and the possibility of using dogs, especially stray dogs, as a «marker» species for predicting the risks associated with the spread of Lyme borreliosis. Continuous surveillance is crucial for the development of evidence-based strategies to combat vector-borne diseases within the framework of the One Health concept. Key words: Lyme borreliosis, seroprevalence, dogs, antibodies, B. burgdorferi sensu lato, Ukraine.

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Mohammad Salih, Dunya AA, and Athmar K. Abbas. "The Prevalence of Canine Dipylidiasis in Baghdad city, Iraq‎ ‎." Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine 46, no. 1 (June 29, 2022): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.30539/ijvm.v46i1.1314.

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Dipylidiasis is a zoonotic intestinal cestode disease caused by Dipylidium caninum. ‎The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Dipylidium caninum infections ‎in dogs from Baghdad city. The study involved the impact of sexes, age, during nine months ‎‎(from January to October 2021) on dipylidiasis infection in pet and stray dogs. 108 faecal ‎samples were collected from (54 pets and 54 stray dogs) then examined for the detection of D. ‎caninum egg capsules and eggs using coprological diagnosis (flotation and sedimentation ‎methods) in the laboratory of parasitology / College of Veterinary Medicine, University of ‎Baghdad. The overall infection rate was 14.81% (16/108). The study revealed the infection rate ‎of D. caninum from pets and stray dogs was 9.26% (5/54), and 20.37% (11/54), respectively. ‎Infection rates in stray dogs were high during March, April, and May (12.5% for each month), ‎compared with pet dogs (0%, 6.25%, 6.25%) respectively, while in January, the rate of ‎infection was 0% in both types, significantly (P<0.05) during March. A significant difference ‎was recorded (P<0.01) between the sexes in both dog types, females recorded a higher 25% ‎‎(3/12) infection rate than males 19.05% (8/42) in stray dogs, compared to the females, 5.9% ‎‎(1/17) and males, 10.8% (4/37) in pet dogs, respectively. According to the age, a high infection ‎rate was found in stray dog adults (20.51%), while the infection rate was zero (0%) in pet dog ‎puppies, with a significant difference (p < 0.01) between the age groups in both types. The ‎results revealed that stray and pet dogs may play a larger role in the spread of zoonotic ‎dipylidiasis and that public health needs more concerted efforts to educate dog owners and ‎implement control programs to prevent the infective stage maturation by cutting life cycle of ‎intermediate hosts.

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Nabi, Saghar, Amir Ali Haji Seyed Javadi, Mahdi Vahid Balan, and Seyed Razi Bahavarnia. "The Effect of Tylosin Drug on Cryptosporidiosis in Stray Dogs of Tabriz and Its Importance in Public Health." International Journal of Medical Parasitology and Epidemiology Sciences 2, no. 4 (December 30, 2021): 103–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/ijmpes.2021.27.

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Introduction: Intestinal protozoa of dogs have a relatively high diversity, and the prevalence of infection is often observed sub-clinically and sometimes clinically. Different species of Cryptosporidium are observed in the dog’s intestines. Due to the importance of pathogenicity of gastrointestinal protozoan parasites in dogs and also their zoonotic importance, this study was conducted on stray dogs in Tabriz. Methods: During this study, two hundred stool samples of stray dogs from different regions of Tabriz were prepared and examined microscopically for parasitology. The samples were tested by the Formalin-Ether concentration method, and also the following Ziehl-Neelsen modified staining method was used to observe Cryptosporidium protozoan. Results: Out of 200 fecal samples, 16 samples (8%) were infected with Cryptosporidium protozoa. Statistical analysis of the results also showed that there was a statistically significant difference in the rate of infection with protozoan parasites between dogs under one year old and dogs over one year old (P<0.05). Regarding the sex of dogs, there was a statistically significant difference in the prevalence of Cryptosporidium between male and female dogs (P<0.05). Sixteen dogs infected with Cryptosporidium parasite were also treated with tylosin for one week, and a decrease in infection with this parasite was observed in 9 treated dogs. Conclusion: In this study, the rate of Cryptosporidium infection in stray dogs decreased from 8% to 3.5% after tylosin treatment, and this drug may be useful in controlling this parasitic disease in dogs, but more extensive research should be carried out to eradicate this parasite in dogs.

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Gill, Gurlal S., Balbir B. Singh, Navneet K. Dhand, Rabinder S. Aulakh, Michael P. Ward, and Victoria J. Brookes. "Stray Dogs and Public Health: Population Estimation in Punjab, India." Veterinary Sciences 9, no. 2 (February 10, 2022): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9020075.

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The overpopulation of stray dogs is a serious public health and animal welfare concern in India. Neglected zoonotic diseases such as rabies and echinococcosis are transmitted at the stray–dog human interface, particularly in low to middle-income countries. The current study was designed to estimate the stray dog populations in Punjab to enhance the implementation of animal birth and disease (for example, rabies vaccination) control programs. This is the first systematic estimation of the stray dog population using a recommended method (mark–re-sight) in Punjab, India. The study was conducted from August 2016 to November 2017 in selected villages or wards in Punjab. For the rural areas, 22 sub-districts in each district were randomly selected, then one village from each of the 22 selected sub-districts was selected (by convenience sampling). For urban areas, 3 towns (less than 100,000 human population) and 2 large cities (more than or equal to 100,000 human population) were randomly selected, followed by convenience selection of two wards from each of the 5 selected towns/cities. To estimate the dog population size, we used a modified mark–re-sight procedure and analysed counts using two methods; the Lincoln–Petersen formula with Chapman’s correction, and an application of Good–Turing theory (SuperDuplicates method; estimated per km2 and per 1000 adult humans and were compared between localities (villages vs. towns), dog sex (male vs. female) and age group (young vs. adult) using linear mixed models with district as a random effect. The predicted mean (95% CI) count of the dogs per village or ward were extrapolated to estimate the number of stray dogs in Punjab based on (a) the number of villages and wards in the state; (b) the adult human population of the state and (c) the built-up area of the state. Median stray dog populations per village and per ward using the Lincoln–Petersen formula with Chapman’s correction were estimated to be 33 and 65 dogs, respectively. Higher estimates of 61 per village and 112 per ward are reported using the SuperDuplicates method. The number of males was significantly higher than the number of females and the number of adult dogs was about three times the number of young dogs. Based on different methods, estimates of the mean stray dog population in the state of Punjab ranged from 519,000 to 1,569,000. The current study revealed that there are a substantial number of stray dogs and a high number reside in rural (versus urban) areas in Punjab. The estimated stray dog numbers pose a potential public health hazard in Punjab. This impact requires assessment. The estimated stray dog numbers will help develop a dog population and rabies control program in which information about the logistics required as well as costs of implementing such programmes in Punjab can be incorporated.

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Mirzaei. "Prevalence of Stray Dogs with Intestinal Protozoan Parasites." American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences 5, no. 2 (April 1, 2010): 86–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/ajavsp.2010.86.90.

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ARRIOLABENGOA IGARZA, A., J. LUCIENTES CURDI, C. CORTAZAR SCHMIDT, and C. CALVETE MARGOLLES. "Parasitosis of stray dogs in north-eastern Spain." Revue Scientifique et Technique de l'OIE 11, no. 4 (December 1, 1992): 1047–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.20506/rst.11.4.642.

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Cortes, Sofia, Maria Odete Afonso, Carlos Alves-Pires, and Lenea Campino. "Stray Dogs and Leishmaniasis in Urban Areas, Portugal." Emerging Infectious Diseases 13, no. 9 (September 2007): 1431–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1309.070101.

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Mahmoud, El-Seify A., and Adel R. Nabih. "Helminthes of stray dogs in Giza Province, Egypt." Parasitology International 47 (August 1998): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1383-5769(98)80487-x.

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Chikweto, A., M. I. Bhaiyat, K. P. Tiwari, C. de Allie, and R. N. Sharma. "Spirocercosis in owned and stray dogs in Grenada." Veterinary Parasitology 190, no. 3-4 (December 2012): 613–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.07.006.

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Font, Enrique. "Spacing and social organization: Urban stray dogs revisited." Applied Animal Behaviour Science 17, no. 3-4 (June 1987): 319–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-1591(87)90155-9.

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Kulisic, Z., D. Janjic, S. Vesic, I. Pavlovic, and M. Milutinovic. "Ectoparasitosis - actual health problemsof stray and pet dogs." Parasitology International 47 (August 1998): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1383-5769(98)80962-8.

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Maleky, F., and M. Moradkhan. "Echinococcosis in the stray dogs of Tehran, Iran." Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology 94, no. 4 (June 2000): 329–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00034983.2000.11813547.

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Ridzuan, P. M., K. Proveen, and Kamarulzaman Siti-Arffah. "Isolation of Dermatophytes from Infected Stray Dogs in Selangor, Malaysia." Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi 9, no. 2 (May 25, 2021): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jbe.v9i22021.123-129.

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Background: Dermatophytosis is one of the most common skin diseases that affects cats and dogs. Geographic factors play an important role in determining prevalence, showing high rates of prevalence in warm and humid environments. Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the macroscopic and microscopic identification of different types of dermatophytes present on stray dogs. Methods: The design of this study was laboratory-based research. Each sample was collected from an infection site (nail, hair, or skin) that was identified by conducting a physical examination of a stray dog that was infected with fungi. The skin scraping, nail clipping, and fur cutting samples were collected from infected dogs and then cultured on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA). The cultures were incubated at 26°C for five weeks. The isolates of fungi were then examined macroscopically and microscopically. The Lactophenol Cotton Blue (LPCB) staining technique was used for fungi morphology identification. Results: Overall, the most common type of dermatophytes that affected the dogs were Trichophyton spp. (64.70%), Aspergillus spp. (10.10%), Microsporum spp. (7.20%), and Curvularia spp. (5.60%). Conclusion: This study revealed the most common dermatophyte infections found on stray dogs in Selangor, Malaysia. This study can assist investigators in understanding the prevalence of the dermatophyte burden in stray dogs and help prevent further complication, such as the spread of illness, especially zoonotic infection.

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Tkachenko, L. V. "ANALYSIS OF MORTALITY STRUCTURE OF MATURE STRAY DOGS (SECTIONAL STUDY)." Vestnik of Ulyanovsk state agricultural academy 250 (June 25, 2021): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.18286/1816-4501-2021-2-141-147.

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Stray animals are such animals that are left without owner’s care, they are part of society, serving as sources of zooanthroponosis. There are no works devoted to analysis and classification of death causes of stray animals on Altai Territory. Objective of the research is to study mortality structure of stray mature dogs. The objects of research were the corpses of 41 sexually mature stray dogs from the Altai Territory, and kept by volunteers and animal protection organizations in the period 2017-2020. Research methods include registration of an animal; autopsy; photographing; statistical processing and analysis of the obtained data. The results showed that 33% of the studied stray dogs died as a result of the action of toxic substances of unknown nature (poisoning), at the age of 3-4 years and 7-8 years; 22% - infectious diseases, at the age of from 6 months up to 5-6 years old; 15% - dirofilariasis, at the age of 2 years and 4-7 years 4 10% - extensive heart thrombosis, at the age of 1-3 years, 5-6 years and over 10 years; 10% - mechanical injuries (car injuries), at the age of 3-8 years; 7% - mechanical asphyxia, at the age of 5, 6 and 10 years; 2% - cancer, at the age of 2 years. The death causes of stray dogs are the result of the action of toxic substances of unknown nature (poisoning); infectious diseases (plague of carnivores and piroplasmosis); autointoxication (sources: stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas); car injuries; closing of the larynx lumen with a foreign object and liver cancer with metastases.

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Tkachenko, L. V. "ANALYSIS OF MORTALITY STRUCTURE OF MATURE STRAY DOGS (SECTIONAL STUDY)." Vestnik of Ulyanovsk state agricultural academy 250 (June 25, 2021): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.18286/1816-4501-2021-2-141-147.

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Stray animals are such animals that are left without owner’s care, they are part of society, serving as sources of zooanthroponosis. There are no works devoted to analysis and classification of death causes of stray animals on Altai Territory. Objective of the research is to study mortality structure of stray mature dogs. The objects of research were the corpses of 41 sexually mature stray dogs from the Altai Territory, and kept by volunteers and animal protection organizations in the period 2017-2020. Research methods include registration of an animal; autopsy; photographing; statistical processing and analysis of the obtained data. The results showed that 33% of the studied stray dogs died as a result of the action of toxic substances of unknown nature (poisoning), at the age of 3-4 years and 7-8 years; 22% - infectious diseases, at the age of from 6 months up to 5-6 years old; 15% - dirofilariasis, at the age of 2 years and 4-7 years 4 10% - extensive heart thrombosis, at the age of 1-3 years, 5-6 years and over 10 years; 10% - mechanical injuries (car injuries), at the age of 3-8 years; 7% - mechanical asphyxia, at the age of 5, 6 and 10 years; 2% - cancer, at the age of 2 years. The death causes of stray dogs are the result of the action of toxic substances of unknown nature (poisoning); infectious diseases (plague of carnivores and piroplasmosis); autointoxication (sources: stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas); car injuries; closing of the larynx lumen with a foreign object and liver cancer with metastases.

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NAZAR, MW, FU REHMAN, H. ASIF, HA HASHMI, A. REHMAN, M. ARSHAD, K. HUSSAIN, M. SHAHZAD, Z. ULLAH, and M. AWAIS. "PROGRESSIVE CONTROL AND MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES IN THE ELIMINATION OF RABIES AMONG THE STRAY DOG (CANIS FAMILIARIS) POPULATION IN PAKISTAN." Biological and Clinical Sciences Research Journal 2024, no. 1 (May 14, 2024): 819. http://dx.doi.org/10.54112/bcsrj.v2024i1.819.

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Stray dogs are integrally linked with rabies transmission, and a sizeable unmanaged dog population hinders rabies control program planners. Dog population management (DPM) is one of the best strategies to control rabies transmission, improve health management, and lower the population size of stray dogs. The threat of rabies is very serious due to free-roaming dogs. Foxes, skunks, groundhogs, raccoons, and house bats are rabies vector species and can carry rabies virus without showing any symptoms. Rabies is a life-threatening disease that affects thousands of losses worldwide every year. World Rabies Day is an international awareness campaign coordinated by the Global Alliance for Rabies Control (GARC). In Pakistan, there are reportedly 3 million stray dogs. More than one million dog bite cases are reported annually throughout Pakistan. About 600 dog bite cases are reported daily in the Sindh province, Pakistan. Due to an uncontrolled number of stray dogs, many serious problems arise related to public health, socio-economic, and political issues. The Animal Act of 1890 provides a specific defense against cruelty and establishes its importance in Pakistani culture. Developing long-term and supportable strategies is imperative to overcome the stray animal population worldwide. To overcome the rabies issue in Pakistan, the government should implement projects on breeding control of stray dogs through spaying and neutering surgeries. The government should also provide proper shelters for dogs and rabies vaccines. There is a need to be aware of basic preventive measures such as disinfectants and rabies vaccination. Public awareness, rabies vaccination, and dog sterilization at the national level are crucial factors in preventing rabies and managing the dog population in Pakistan.

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Paramasivam, Sivajothi, Hari Krishnan Munisamy, and Santhansamy Rayappan. "Application of analytic hierarchy process to evaluate design criteria for humane trap cage." Journal of Modern Manufacturing Systems and Technology 4, no. 2 (September 30, 2020): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/jmmst.v4i2.4299.

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Atrocities against stray animal’s especially large number of scavenging street dogs have increased at an alarming rate nationwide. Relevant authorities, in view of controlling stray animal population and curb chronic infections mulled cracking down on stray dogs using inhumane methods such as usage of tranquilizers or forcefully capturing. Thus, causing injuries, trauma and potentially death to these captured strays. Even though statistics about the number of violent incidents against strays remains unknown but animal welfare groups report constant complaints regarding animal cruelty. Animal activists mooted a request to design and built a modernize efficient yet low cost trap cage with a provision of technology which are normally ignored by many quarters; as a vehicle to educate the public on humane and compassionate ways to treat stray animals. The design of the cage involves consists of 3 parts, which was electronics hardware, communication system and critically the structure hardware whereby to withstand the possible aggressiveness of the animal. The objective of this paper is to present and apply the techniques of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) in the prioritization and selection of design criteria of the trap cage. The finding shows that out of 5 design criteria, quality criteria is the most important criteria in designing of a humane trap cage issue. This is followed by innovativeness, cost, safety and aesthetics factors.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Stray dogs'

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