Books on the topic 'Streak cameras'

Readable, practical, and concise, the Oxford Specialist Handbook in Nuclear Cardiology is a self-contained guide to this cardiac imaging subspecialty. Including both technical and clinical aspects, it provides a foundation of essential knowledge common to practitioners from any background.This title covers radiation physics, biology and protection, and addresses all areas of imaging including the design and operation of the gamma camera (including solid-state cameras), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) acquisition and processing, and image interpretation and writing of reports. Stress testing and radiopharmaceuticals are explained in detail, as is the evidence base underpinning myocardial perfusion scintigraphy. Newer radionuclide imaging techniques are well covered (e.g. phosphate scintigraphy in cardiac amyloidosis), as is the expanding field of cardiac positron emission tomography (PET). Fully updated with coverage of new indications for gamma camera imaging, increased focus on attenuation correction and SPECT-CT, and detail on the design use and clinical implications of solid-state gamma cameras throughout, this second edition of the essential text for nuclear cardiology trainees and practitioners is fully illustrated with colour plates to aid clinical practice. Presented in the bestselling Oxford Handbook format, Nuclear Cardiology provides core knowledge for those training in the subspecialty, whether at a basic or advanced level or from a medical or technical background, and is a key resource for those seeking to accredit in the subspecialty.

Protocols for SPECT MPI have evolved over the last 40-years based on the following factors: available radiotracers and gamma camera imaging systems, alternative methods of stress, the needs and demands of patients and referring physicians, the need for radiation dose reduction and optimization of laboratory efficiency. Initially studies were performed using dynamic exercise planar multi-day Thallium-201 (Tl-201) studies. Pharmacologic stress agents were not available and novel methods of stress included swallowed esophageal pacing leads, cold presser limb emersion, direct atrial pacing, crushed dipyridamole tablets and even the use of intravenous ergonovine maleate. Eventually intravenous dobutamine, dipyridamole, adenosine and regadenoson became available to allow reliable and safe pharmacologic stress for patients unable to exercise. Tomographic SPECT camera systems replaced planar units and Tc-99m agents offered better imaging characteristics over Tl-201. These gamma camera systems, radiopharmaceutical agents and pharmacologic stress agents were all available by the mid-1990s and still represent the majority of MPI being performed today.

In this chapter, the author shares his journey, traversing different paths that take us from Broad Street to Locust Street, from Pattison Avenue to City Line Avenue, all the way to Bethlehem. His story reveals a kaleidoscopic nocturne, “the story of Philadelphia after sunset, of the fan life that on-field cameras cannot capture.” It is the portrait of a massive, eclectic community and some of its many sporting passions. The author compares the attitudes of Philly sports fans during the day and at night, claiming that he has walked among these fans for forty years, witnessed their soft side, the night face they rarely show the world. The author concludes by describing the city of Philadelphia from evening to dawn.

This chapter attempts to delineate the generic and aesthetic differences between film melodrama in Third Reich and classical Hollywood cinema, and to a lesser extent, between German and Italian Fascist film. Hollywood cinema's greater emphasis on the communicative codes of mise-en-scène, dynamic editing, and camera movement was countered in Nazi cinema with a greater stress on bodily displays and a theatrical acting style that subordinated the intimacy of the face in close-up to the authority of the actor's voice and scripted dialogue. Subtle formal and narrative differences in the Nazi melodrama also encouraged a more aggressive form of voyeurism than was common in the Hollywood melodrama. Instead of the masochistic aesthetic of many Hollywood melodramas, therefore, the Nazi melodrama distinguished itself by its formally encoded appeals to spectatorial sadism and by the masculinity of its pathos.

Radiation considerations are an integral part of the practice of nuclear cardiac imaging. Concern regarding radiation has increased in recent years, reflected in statements by many professional societies, and likely attributable both to rapid growth in use of nuclear cardiology as well as high doses received by some nuclear cardiology patients. The fundamental principles of medical radiological protection are justification (ensuring that the right test is performed for the right patient at the right time), optimization (ensuring that the test is performed in the right manner), and dose limitation, which while applicable to healthcare workers is not operative regarding patients. Three "As" facilitate and serve as an organizing principle for justification: awareness, appropriateness, and audit. Awareness incorporates knowledge of the benefits and risks of testing involving radiation and effective communication of these to the patient. Appropriateness in nuclear cardiology can be assessed using the American College of Cardiology's appropriateness criteria. Methods that have been demonstrated to improve appropriateness include using a collaborative learning model, a point-of-order decision support tool, and a multifaceted intervention including threatened loss of insurance coverage. A variety of strategies should be considered for optimization to ensure patient-centered imaging. These including strategic selection of both the protocol, e.g. selecting a stress-first protocol and performing stress-only imaging in patients without a high pre-test probability of abnormal findings on stress imaging, or using PET, and also the administered activity, e.g. by using weight-based dosing and/or software- or hardware-based advances in camera technology. Special considerations are required for pregnant, nursing, and pediatric patients.

Between 2009 and 2013, as the nation contemplated the historic election of Barack Obama and endured the effects of the Great Recession, Matthew Frye Jacobson set out with a camera to explore and document what was discernible to the "historian's eye" during this tumultuous period. Having collected several thousand images, Jacobson began to reflect on their raw, informal immediacy alongside the recognition that they comprised an archive of a moment with unquestionable historical significance. This book presents more than 100 images alongside Jacobson's recollections of their moments of creation and his understanding of how they link past, present, and future. The images reveal diverse expressions of civic engagement that are emblematic of the aspirations, expectations, promises, and failures of this period in American history. Myriad closed businesses and abandoned storefronts stand as public monuments to widespread distress; omnipresent, expectant Obama iconography articulates a wish for new national narratives; flamboyant street theater and wry signage bespeak a common impulse to talk back to power. Framed by an introductory essay, these images reflect the sober grace of a time that seems perilous, but in which “hope” has not ceased to hold meaning.

The term functional has almost replaced psychogenic in the neuromuscular literature for two reasons. It implies a disturbance of function, not structural damage; therefore, it defies laboratory testing such as MRIS, electromyography (EMG), and nerve conduction study (NCS). It is convenient to draw a parallel to the patients between migraine and brain tumors, as both cause headache, but brain MRI is negative in the former without minimizing the suffering of the patient. It is a “software” and not a “hardware” problem. It avoids irritating the patient by misunderstanding the word psychogenic which to many means “madness.”The cause of this functional impairment may fall into one of the following categories:• Conversion reaction: conversion of psychological stress to physical symptoms. This may include paralysis, hemisensory or distal sensory loss, or conversion spasms. It affects younger age groups.• Somatization: chronic multiple physical and cognitive symptoms due to chronic stress. It affects older age groups.• Factions disorder: induced real physical symptoms due to the need to be cared for, such as injecting oneself with insulin to produce hypoglycemia.• Hypochondriasis: overconcern about body functions such as suspicion of ALS due to the presence of rare fasciclutations that are normal during stress and after ingestion of a large amount of coffee. Medical students in particular are targets for this disorder.The following points are to be made on this topic. FNMD should be diagnosed by neuromuscular specialists who are trained to recognize actual syndrome whether typical or atypical. Presentations that fall out of the recognition pattern of a neuromuscular specialist, after the investigations are negative, they should be considered as FNMDs. Sometimes serial examinations are useful to confirm this suspicion. Psychatrists or psychologists are to be consulted to formulate a plan to discover the underlying stress and to treat any associated psychiatric disorder or psychological aberration. Most patients think that they are stressed due to the illness and they fail to connect the neuromuscular manifestations and the underlying stress. They offer shop around due to lack of satisfaction, especially those with somatization disorders. Some patients learn how to imitate certain conditions well, and they can deceive health care professionals. EMG and NCS are invaluable in revealing FNMD. A normal needle EMG of a weak muscles mostly indicates a central etiology (organic or functional). Normal sensory responses of a severely numb limb mean that a lesion is preganglionic (like roots avulsion, CISP, etc.) or the cause is central (a doral column lesion or functional). Management of FNMD is difficult, and many patients end up being chronic cases that wander into clinics and hospitals seeking solutions and exhausting the health care system with unnecessary expenses.It is time for these disorders to be studied in detail and be classified and have criteria set for their diagnosis so that they will not remain diagnosed only by exclusion. This chapter will describe some examples of these disorders. A video clip can tell the story better than many pages of writing. Improvement of digital cameras and electronic media has improved the diagnosis of these conditions, and it is advisable that patients record some of their symptoms when they happen. It is not uncommon for some Neuromuscular disorders (NMDs), such as myasthenia gravis (MG), small fiber neuropathy, and CISP, to be diagnosed as functional due to the lack of solid physical findings during the time of the examination. Therefore, a neuromuscular evaluation is important before these disorders are labeled as such. Some patients have genuine NMDs, but the majority of their symptoms are related to what Joseph Marsden called “sickness behavior.” A patient with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) may unconsciously develop numbness of the entire side of the body because he thinks that he may have a stroke.