Relevant bibliographies by topics / Stream habitats

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Stream habitats'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 13 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Stream habitats"

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Moore, Kelly M. S., and Stanley V. Gregory. "Summer Habitat Utilization and Ecology of Cutthroat Trout Fry (Salmo clarki) in Cascade Mountain Streams." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 45, no. 11 (November 1, 1988): 1921–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f88-224.

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Emergent cutthroat trout fry (Salmo clarki) were observed in the margins, backwaters, and side channels, collectively called "lateral habitats," of three study streams with different riparian vegetation. Most fry remained in these lateral habitats until the end of their first summer. The abundance of cutthroat fry was proportional to the area of lateral habitat in each of the study streams. Average size and growth rate of fry were related to the effect of site elevation on stream temperature and the influence of riparian vegetation on the availability of invertebrate food. Lateral habitats are characterized by slow, shallow-water, abundant detritus and benthic invertebrate assemblages of high density. Stream margins and backwaters provide gradients of depth and velocity, cover, and access to food that are appropriate to the habitat requirements of fry. Because fry populations are closely related to the abundance and quality of lateral habitats in small streams, these habitats should be included in the assessment of habitat requirements of cutthroat trout.
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Irons III, John G., L. Keith Miller, and Mark W. Oswood. "Ecological adaptations of aquatic macroinvertebrates to overwintering in interior Alaska (U.S.A.) subarctic streams." Canadian Journal of Zoology 71, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 98–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z93-015.

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Freshwater invertebrates of northern regions are faced annually with freezing of shallow habitats. Several responses to habitat freezing are possible, including migration to favorable habitats and physiological adaptations such as freeze-avoidance or freeze-tolerance. We thawed sections of frozen stream gravel and identified the live and dead invertebrates present. Chironomidae and Empididae (Diptera) constituted >90% of individuals found in frozen habitats: Empididae showed substantial survival in frozen habitats. We also tested the ability of Alaskan stream invertebrates to survive in habitats that freeze. In a series of laboratory experiments we showed that most taxa found in Alaskan streams do not have the ability to survive even moderately subzero temperatures (e.g., −1.0 °C). When faced with an advancing freezing front, these taxa actively moved away. We suggest that most aquatic invertebrate taxa survive winter by either migrating away from a freezing front or remaining in habitats that do not freeze. Chironomidae and Empididae, however, can overwinter in frozen habitat, and Empididae show high survival upon thawing of frozen stream gravels. Predicted changes in temperature and precipitation patterns at these latitudes due to global climate warming may have effects on the availability of overwintering habitat for stream invertebrates that result in changes in the structure and function of high-latitude stream ecosystems.
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Lester, Rebecca E., Wendy Wright, and Michelle Jones-Lennon. "Does adding wood to agricultural streams enhance biodiversity? An experimental approach." Marine and Freshwater Research 58, no. 8 (2007): 687. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf06198.

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Riparian clearing and the removal of wood from channels have affected many streams in agricultural landscapes. As a result, these streams often have depauperate in-stream wood loads, and therefore decreased habitat complexity and lower levels of in-stream biodiversity. The introduction of wood was investigated as a possible rehabilitation technique for agricultural streams. Wood was re-introduced to eight streams in two separate high-rainfall, intensively grazed regions of Victoria, Australia and the effect on aquatic macroinvertebrate communities was measured. The addition of wood increased overall family richness and the richness of most functional feeding groups occupying edge and benthic habitats within the stream. Wood addition led to less overlap between benthic and edge macroinvertebrate communities, suggesting increased habitat heterogeneity within the stream ecosystem. Of all sampled habitats, wood supported the greatest density of families and was colonised by all functional feeding groups. Wood habitats also had the highest overall richness and supported the most taxa that were sensitive to disturbance. These findings suggest that re-introducing wood to agricultural streams is an appropriate rehabilitation technique where those streams are affected by reduced habitat complexity. Additional work is needed to confirm these findings over larger spatial and temporal scales.
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Meixler, Marcia S., and Mark B. Bain. "A GIS Framework for Fish Habitat Prediction at the River Basin Scale." International Journal of Ecology 2012 (2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/146073.

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We present a geographic information system (GIS) framework to classify stream habitats and provide fish distribution predictions comprehensively at the landscape scale. Stream segments were classified into one of eighteen habitat types using three landscape attributes: stream size (three categories), stream quality (three categories), and water quality (two categories). An extensive literature search was undertaken to classify fish species into the same eighteen habitat types based on preferences for the three landscape attributes. We tested our framework in 39 sites throughout the upper Allegheny River basin in western New York. No difference was detected between observed and predicted numbers of fish species among stream habitats. Further, field collected bankfull width measurements, stream quality ratings, and water quality sampling results were largely consistent with predicted values. The habitat type expected to have the greatest fish species richness was large streams or small rivers with intact stream quality and suitable water quality. Our framework is rapidly applied, comprehensive, inexpensive, and built on widely available data thereby offering an efficient alternative to traditional field-based efforts for regional habitat classification and fish distribution prediction.
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Kumar, M. Arun, S. Venu, and G. Padmavati. "Habitat Ecology and Ichthyofaunal Diversity of Two Creeks and Their Associated Streams from Port Blair, South Andaman Islands." International Journal of Ecology 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1649368.

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Habitat ecology and ichthyofaunal diversity were analyzed from two creeks and their associated streams in Port Blair: one was perennial and the other one was seasonal. Various habitat types like riffles, pools, and major and minor bends in both streams were studied. The perennial stream has 12 riffles and 14 pools from head point to the entering point of the creek. The seasonal stream has 15 riffles and 13 pools from the starting point to the sink. The perennial stream was found to have higher ichthyofaunal diversity than the seasonal stream: 1701 individuals constituting 8 orders, 30 families, 42 genera, and 54 species were recorded. Among these, 395 specimens represented by 21 species were found in perennial stream, 291 specimens with 11 species were found in seasonal stream, 863 specimens by 48 species were noted in creek, and 152 specimens constituting 14 species in sink were recorded. The physicochemical parameters of the habitats showed more or less a similar trend. The average dissolved oxygen value of the perennial stream was higher than that of the seasonal stream. Higher temperature values were noted during the postmonsoon season. This study has indicated a wide lacuna in the knowledge of the fresh water habitats and their inhabitants on these islands.
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Anderson, James T., Ryan L. Ward, J. Todd Petty, J. Steven Kite, and Michael P. Strager. "Culvert Effects on Stream and Stream-Side Salamander Habitats." International Journal of Environmental Science and Development 5, no. 3 (2014): 274–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijesd.2014.v5.491.

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Liford, A. N., and K. K. Cecala. "Does riparian disturbance alter stream amphibian antipredator behaviors?" Canadian Journal of Zoology 95, no. 2 (February 2017): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2016-0113.

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Ecological traps occur when a species makes maladaptive habitat-selection decisions. Human-modified environments including deforested riparian habitats can change how organisms respond to environmental cues. Stream amphibians alter their habitat selection in response to abiotic cues associated with riparian clearing, but little research exists to determine if behavioral shifts to abiotic cues may make them more susceptible to predation. To evaluate if deforested habitats create ecological traps, we studied habitat-selection behavior of larval Black-bellied Salamander (Desmognathus quadramaculatus (Holbrook, 1840)) when given conflicting environmental cues. We also evaluated the potential for learning or adaptation to cues in deforested reaches by evaluating individuals from forested and deforested reaches. We anticipated that individuals from deforested reaches would make adaptive antipredator choices when presented with well-lit habitat, whereas individuals from forested reaches would select shaded habitat closer to a predator. We found that habitat origin, light, and predator presence all interacted to influence habitat selection. Although individuals from forested habitats selected shaded environments, all observed individuals adaptively avoided a predator. Individuals from deforested reaches were more willing to enter well-lit habitat to avoid the predator. Despite documented declines of salamanders associated with forest removal, it appears that individuals are capable of making adaptive antipredator decisions in degraded habitats.
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Nickelson, Thomas E., Mario F. Solazzi, Steven L. Johnson, and Jeffrey D. Rodgers. "Effectiveness of Selected Stream Improvement Techniques to Create Suitable Summer and Winter Rearing Habitat for Juvenile Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in Oregon Coastal Streams." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 49, no. 4 (April 1, 1992): 790–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f92-089.

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We examined the use of constructed pools by juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) during summer and winter. Log, gabion, and rock structures placed across the full stream width provided good summer habitat but poor winter habitat for juvenile coho salmon. Rearing densities in constructed habitats during summer and winter were generally similar to those in natural habitats of the same type, except that constructed dammed pools supported lower densities during winter than natural dammed pools. The addition of brush bundles to pools created by full-stream-width structures increased the density of juvenile coho salmon in dammed pools during winter, but not in plunge pools. We concluded that the development of off-channel habitat has the greatest potential to increase production of wild coho salmon smolts in Oregon coastal streams.
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Isaak, Daniel J., and Wayne A. Hubert. "Are trout populations affected by reach-scale stream slope?" Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 57, no. 2 (February 1, 2000): 468–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f99-272.

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Reach-scale stream slope and the structure of associated physical habitats are thought to affect trout populations, yet previous studies confound the effect of stream slope with other factors that influence trout populations. We isolated the effect of stream slope on trout populations by sampling reaches immediately upstream and downstream of 23 marked changes in stream slope on 18 streams across Wyoming and Idaho. No effect of stream slope on areal trout density was observed, but when trout density was expressed volumetrically to control for differences in channel cross sections among reaches in different slope classes, the highest densities of trout occurred in medium-slope reaches, intermediate densities occurred in high-slope reaches, and the lowest densities occurred in low-slope reaches. The relative abundance of large trout was reciprocal to the pattern in volumetric trout density. Trout biomass and species composition were not affected by stream slope. Our results suggest that an assumption made by many fish-habitat models, that populations are affected by the structure of physical habitats, is at times untenable for trout populations in Rocky Mountain streams and is contingent upon the spatial scale of investigation and the population metric(s) used to describe populations.
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Dauwalter, Daniel C., Dale K. Splinter, William L. Fisher, and Richard A. Marston. "Geomorphology and stream habitat relationships with smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) abundance at multiple spatial scales in eastern Oklahoma." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 64, no. 8 (August 1, 2007): 1116–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f07-085.

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Fluvial geomorphic processes structure habitats important to stream fishes. We determined relationships between densities of smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) and ecoregions, watershed and reach morphology, and stream habitat in eastern Oklahoma, USA. Watershed and reach morphology were measured at 128 stream sites, and stream habitat and smallmouth bass abundance were measured in 1800 channel units. Variation in stream size, channel morphology, and substrate size constituted major physical differences among sites. Channel morphology differed among ecoregions in the largest streams. Densities of age-0 and age-1 and older smallmouth bass were approximately an order of magnitude greater in the Boston Mountains and Ozark Highlands streams than in Ouachita Mountains streams. Regression tree analysis explained less variation in age-0 (10-fold cross-validated relative error = 0.843) than in age-1 and older (relative error = 0.650) smallmouth bass densities and showed that stream size and channel-unit size were primary determinants of density. Channel morphology explained variation in densities in deep channel units of large streams, which was somewhat independent of ecoregion.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Stream habitats"

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Kiesel, Jens [Verfasser]. "Ecohydrologic and hydraulic stream modelling to describe aquatic habitats / Jens Kiesel." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1053653484/34.

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Lau, Jamie K. "Impacts of channelization on stream habitats and associated fish assemblages in east central Indiana." Virtual Press, 2005. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1319547.

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The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between fish assemblage structure and habitat in streams dominated by an agricultural landscape. Fishes from 20 natural and 20 channelized streams were sampled using electrofishing gear in East Central Indiana. Streams that had been channelized had a lower quality fish assemblage when compared to natural streams as measured by the Indiana V. Eastern Corn Belt Plain Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI). Stream habitat was evaluated using the Qualitative Habitat Evaluation Index (QHEI), which indicated that channelized streams had lower quality primarily due to a loss of heterogeneous habitat. Pearson correlation analysis relating ECB IBI and QHEI was positive and significant, and demonstrated that a reduction in riffle and pool areas associated with channelization was the most significant factor influencing the fish community. Furthermore, species lost when streams are channelized were predictable, and often represented environmentally sensitive species. The results of this study suggested that stream channel alterations have a negative and lasting influence on the fish assemblage which should be recognized prior to any stream development.
Department of Biology
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Stettmer, Christian. "Population biology and conservation of Odonata in stream habitats and moors of Southern Bavaria /." [S.l : s.n.], 1994. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.

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Holt, Galen, and Peter Chesson. "Scale-Dependent Community Theory for Streams and Other Linear Habitats." UNIV CHICAGO PRESS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621321.

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The maintenance of species diversity occurs at the regional scale but depends on interacting processes at the full range of lower scales. Although there is a long history of study of regional diversity as an emergent property, analyses of fully multiscale dynamics are rare. Here, we use scale transition theory for a quantitative analysis of multiscale diversity maintenance with continuous scales of dispersal and environmental variation in space and time. We develop our analysis with a model of a linear habitat, applicable to streams or coastlines, to provide a theoretical foundation for the long-standing interest in environmental variation and dispersal, including downstream drift. We find that the strength of regional coexistence is strongest when local densities and local environmental conditions are strongly correlated. Increasing dispersal and shortening environmental correlations weaken the strength of coexistence regionally and shift the dominant coexistence mechanism from fitness-density covariance to the spatial storage effect, while increasing local diversity. Analysis of the physical and biological determinants of these mechanisms improves understanding of traditional concepts of environmental filters, mass effects, and species sorting. Our results highlight the limitations of the binary distinction between local communities and a species pool and emphasize species coexistence as a problem of multiple scales in space and time.
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Tod, Steven Peter. "What drives invertebrate communities in a chalk stream : from trophic relationships to allometric scaling." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2007. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/28174.

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Despite a slow start freshwater meiofauna research is now gathering pace. Evidence is accumulating which indicates the importance of their inclusion in lotic metazoan studies. Here I contribute towards this research effort by conducting an investigation of meiofauna and macrofauna from a chalk stream. I sampled meiofauna for a 19 month period, and macrofauna for a 12 month period between April 2004 and October 2005 from the subsurface, macrophyte stands and gravel beds. The chalk stream community was highly diverse with 57 taxa identified from the subsurface and 186 from the benthos. Meiofauna outnumbered macrofauna in all habitats in terms of density. Both meio- and macroinvertebrates preferred macrophyte stands over gravel beds as habitat, indicated by higher densities, biomass and species richness. Speciesabundance relationships and density-size spectra indicated the invertebrate assemblages of the benthos to be stable over the period of the study as patterns varied little between sampling months and habitats. Production and standing biomass were dominated by the macroinvertebrates which suggests meiofauna had a limited role within functioning of the stream. However, gut content data indicated meiofauna may play an important trophic role, linking basal resources and top consumers. Combined gut content and stable isotope analysis suggested a strong pattern of generalist feeding throughout the whole spectrum of body size in the community, rejecting the concept of functional feeding groups. Predominance of generalist feeding also suggested a large number of weak interactions in food webs. While higher species richness lower in food webs indicated greater functional redundancy of lower trophic levels. Density-body size distributions were shallow with a biased distribution of energy towards larger size classes. Moreover, testing of production, standing biomass and PIB body size allometry was inconclusive with regards to theoretical predictions. The interrelationship ofbiodiversity, stability, and trophic dynamics, with body size determine the structure and dynamics of the chalk stream community, not metabolism.
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Jones, Leslie Anne. "Using a spatially explicit stream temperature model to assess potential effects of climate warming on bull trout habitats." Thesis, Montana State University, 2012. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2012/jones/JonesL0512.pdf.

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As the Flathead River Basin (FRB) undergoes change caused by a warming climate, scientific studies evaluating habitats and species most susceptible to the impacts of climate change will become increasingly important. Here, we seek to identify biologically meaningful physiological thresholds of bull trout in the FRB by modeling stream temperature and using the model as a tool to predict thermal changes caused by a warming climate. Specifically, we developed a spatially explicit stream temperature model to quantify and explore the potential range of thermal warming effects, using the case study of bull trout populations in the FRB. Our objectives were to: i) compare spatial and non-spatial statistical models used to predict stream temperatures throughout the FRB; ii) apply a spatially explicit model to estimate thermal thresholds for spawning and rearing and foraging migrating and overwintering bull trout habitats; iii) predict thermal changes under a range of future climate scenarios; and iv) investigate model behavior and inform future research decisions. Development of spatially explicit models, such as the one described here, will create an ideal opportunity to build collaborative relationships through research so that scientists can further understand how climate change will impact freshwater aquatic ecosystems. In particular, model results may be used to perform ecosystem assessments; inform future research needs; and develop conservation plans with broad applications that reach beyond the Flathead system. 'Co-authored by Clint C. Muhlfeld, Lucy A. Marshall, Brian L. McGlynn and Jeffrey L. Kershner'
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Su, Haibin. "Derivation of Coastal Bathymetry and Stream Habitat Attributes Using Remote Sensing Images and Airborne LiDAR." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1313688135.

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Shepard, Gerald T. "Determination of a true biotic index and comparison of riffle and snag habitats in Bearskin Creek, Oneida County Wisconsin, using a modified biotic index /." Link to abstract, 2002. http://epapers.uwsp.edu/abstracts/2002/shepard.pdf.

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McLean, Jaclyn E. "Aquatic Ecology and Disturbance: Problem Solving Skills in Undergraduate Education and Effects of Land Use on Northeast Ohio Stream Habitats." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1334599046.

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Hoffsten, Per-Ola. "Rarity in boreal stream insects : patterns, causes and consequences /." Doctoral thesis, Umeå University, Ecology and Environmental Science, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-142.

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Patterns of site occupancy among boreal stream insects were studied in central Sweden with focus on sparsely distributed species and the role of dispersal and niche limitations.

In the study of dispersal limitation, I found that effects of an extraordinarily harsh winter in small to medium-sized streams were strongest in sites located in small streams and far from lake outlets. Species richness and the total abundance of macroinvertebrates and trout returned to pre-disturbance levels after three years. However, some species showed slow recolonization and the proportion of holoaquatic taxa was still reduced after three years. In a second study, I found a positive correlation between site occupancy in stream caddisflies and morphological traits associated with fast and energy-efficient flight, whereas specialized spring caddisflies showed a negative correlation to these traits compared to stream species. This suggested that streams, but not springs, select for strong dispersal ability in caddisflies. In a survey of springs in central Sweden, hydrogeology was found to be a useful predictor of the occurrence of spring specialists. Two of these, Crunoecia irrorata Curtis and Parachiona picicornis (Pictet), were found exclusively in glaciofluvial springs, characterized by a stable discharge and temperature. Less specialized members of the spring fauna (i.e. species also occurring in streams, ponds or lakes) also occurred in moraine and limestone springs characterized by more unstable conditions.

Niche limitations were studied by contrasting large-scale distributions of closely related rare and common stoneflies. Differences in temperature requirements in the juvenile stages and life cycles suggested that the rare species, Isogenus nubecula Newman, was restricted by a limited tolerance to low stream temperatures, whereas the two common species, Isoperla grammatica (Poda) and Diura nanseni (Kempny), appeared to have a broader tolerance to climatic conditions in the study area. In a second study of niche limitations, macroinvertebrate assemblages in 88 streams in Central Sweden showed a nested distribution pattern. Most species deviating from expected distributions occurred in small streams, indicating competitive exclusion from species-rich sites, predator avoidance, or specialization to unique habitat features of small streams. In the last paper, the longitudinal distribution of filter-feeding caddisflies in a lake-outlet stream demonstrated patterns concordant to feeding specialization.

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Books on the topic "Stream habitats"

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Moore, Kelly M. S. Methods for stream habitat surveys. Portland, OR: Fish Division, Oregon Dept. of Fish and Wildlife, 1997.

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M, Goldstein Robert. Development of a stream habitat index for use with an index of biotic integrity in the St. Croix River basin, Minnesota. Mounds View, Minn: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2000.

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Goldstein, Robert M. Development of a stream habitat index for use with an index of biotic integrity in the St. Croix River basin, Minnesota. Mounds View, Minn: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2000.

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Milhous, Robert T. Physical habitat simulation system reference manual, version II. Washington: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1989.

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Soulsby, Chris. Managing river habitats for fisheries: A guide to best practice. [Stirling]: SEPA, 2002.

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Simonson, Timothy D. Guidelines for evaluating fish habitat in Wisconsin streams. St. Paul, Minn: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station, 1994.

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Roni, Philip. Stream and watershed restoration: A guide to restoring riverine processes and habitats. Chichester, West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons, 2013.

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Knutson, K. Lea. Management recommendations for Washington's priority habitats: Riparian. Olympia, WA: Washington Dept. of Fish and Wildlife, 1997.

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Trotter, Patrick C. Headwater fishes and their uppermost habitats: A review as background for stream typing. Olympia, Wash: Timber, Fish & Wildlife, 2000.

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Trotter, Pat. Headwater fishes and their uppermost habitats: A review as background for stream typing. [Olympia, Wash.]: Timber, Fish & Wildlife, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "Stream habitats"

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Ahlström, Johan, and Mats Johansson. "Monitoring the Effects of Acidification and Liming on Water Quality in a Boreal Stream: The River Stridbäcken in Northern Sweden." In Biological Monitoring in Freshwater Habitats, 231–44. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9278-7_22.

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Brabec, Karel, Světlana Zahrádková, Petr Pařil, Denisa Němejcová, Jiří Kokeš, and Jiří Jarkovský. "Assessment of Organic Pollution Effect Considering Differences between Lotic and Lentic Stream Habitats." In Integrated Assessment of Running Waters in Europe, 331–46. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0993-5_20.

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Shields, F. Douglas, Scott S. Knight, Nathalie Morin, and Joanne Blank. "Response of fishes and aquatic habitats to sand-bed stream restoration using large woody debris." In The Interactions between Sediments and Water, 251–57. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3366-3_34.

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"Landscape Influences on Stream Habitats and Biological Assemblages." In Landscape Influences on Stream Habitats and Biological Assemblages, edited by Keith B. Gido, Jeffrey A. Falke, Robert M. Oakes, and Kristen J. Hase. American Fisheries Society, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569766.ch12.

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<em>Abstract.</em>—Habitat data collected at three spatial scales (catchments, reaches, and sites) were used to predict individual fish species occurrences and assemblage structure at 150 sites in the Kansas River basin. Habitat measurements for the catchments and reaches of each sample site were derived from available geographic information system (GIS) data layers. Habitat measurements at the sample sites were collected at the time of fish sampling. Because habitat measurements are typically more difficult to collect as the spatial scale of sampling decreases (i.e., field measurement versus a GIS analysis), our objective was to quantify the relative increase in predictive ability as we added habitat measurements from increasingly finer spatial scales. Although the addition of site-scale habitat variables increased the predictive performance of models, the relative magnitude of these increases was small. This was largely due to the general association of species occurrences with measurements of catchment area and soil factors, both of which could be quantified with a GIS. Habitat measurements taken at different spatial scales were often correlated; however, a partial canonical correspondence analysis showed that catchment- scale habitat measurements accounted for a slightly higher percent of the variation in fish-assemblage structure across the 150 sample sites than reach- or site-scale habitat measurements. We concluded that field habitat measurements were less informative for predicting species occurrences within the Kansas River basin than catchment data. However, because of the hierarchical nature of the geomorphological processes that form stream habitats, a refined understanding of the relationship between catchment-, reach- and site-scale habitats provides a mechanistic understanding of fish–habitat relations across spatial scales.
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"Landscape Influences on Stream Habitats and Biological Assemblages." In Landscape Influences on Stream Habitats and Biological Assemblages, edited by Nathaniel P. Hitt and Paul L. Angermeier. American Fisheries Society, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569766.ch4.

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<em>Abstract.</em>—A key challenge in stream fish ecology and biomonitoring is to partition local and regional influences on assemblage structure. Numerous studies have identified local determinants of species composition (i.e., competition, predation, habitat availability), but regional influences remain poorly understood. Here, we test the hypotheses that (1) fish dispersal from adjacent streams influences local fish assemblage structure, and (2) the effects of interstream dispersal are mediated by local environmental conditions. We evaluated fish and physical habitat data from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program in western Virginia streams (<em>n </em>= 55). We found significant effects of adjacent stream size on local species richness, mean reproductive age, and riverine species richness. Large adjacent streams (greater than third-order) were associated with increased species richness in second-order sites. Fourth-order sites showed increased riverine species richness and decreased mean reproductive age in the presence of large adjacent streams. The nonrandom effects of adjacent stream size among sites of various stream orders suggests that local environmental conditions mediate the effects of dispersal from adjacent streams. Measures of channel shape (i.e., depth, width, and sinuosity) and microhabitat complexity (i.e., mean substrate size and woody debris) were associated with local assemblage structure in some cases, but did not account for significant variation in fish metrics explained by adjacent stream size. These results indicate that the ability of fish biomonitoring metrics to detect anthropogenic impacts may be improved by calibrating scoring criteria based on the size of adjacent streams.
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"Advances in Understanding Landscape Influences on Freshwater Habitats and Biological Assemblages." In Advances in Understanding Landscape Influences on Freshwater Habitats and Biological Assemblages, edited by Arthur R. Cooper, Dana M. Infante, Jared A. Ross, Wesley M. Daniel, Kyle Herreman, Christopher C. Estes, and Gary E. Whelan. American Fisheries Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874561.ch12.

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<i>Abstract.</i>—Fluvial threat assessments characterize the potential for fluvial habitat conditions to be degraded by differing types and intensities of anthropogenic activities occurring on the landscape, ultimately affecting stream biota. We present a threat assessment for fluvial habitats in Alaska based on six anthropogenic disturbance indices representing urbanization, agriculture/timber harvest, stream fragmentation, point-source pollution, infrastructure, and mines. These indices were combined to develop an overall index of contemporary threat of habitat alteration throughout Alaska using the 12-digit U.S. Geological Survey hydrologic unit code (HUC-12) framework (<i>n </i>= 13,997) and at a finer spatial resolution using local and network catchments for individual stream reaches within Southeast Alaska (<i>n </i>= 207,092). Overall, contemporary threat of habitat alteration indices showed that ~96% of fluvial habitats both statewide and for Southeast Alaska were at low or very low levels; however, anadromous fish habitats were under greater human pressure with nearly double the amount of moderately to severely disturbed habitats when compared to all fluvial habitats. We further evaluated potential future threats to fluvial habitats from mineral mining activities and climate change. More than 86% of existing mine claims statewide and 99% of claims in Southeast Alaska occur in areas of low and very low contemporary threat to fluvial habitats for anadromous fishes. Under climate change, July air temperatures are projected to increase ~1.9°C, on average, by mid-century within HUC-12s containing anadromous fish streams, indicating immense potential to warm streams with anadromous fishes within the state. This fluvial threat assessment demonstrates that overall threats from contemporary anthropogenic disturbance factors are generally low with localized areas of high intensity. However, future threats from mining and climate change have considerable potential to alter fluvial habitats for anadromous fishes in Alaska, particularly those currently unaltered by anthropogenic disturbances.
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"Landscape Influences on Stream Habitats and Biological Assemblages." In Landscape Influences on Stream Habitats and Biological Assemblages, edited by Ashley H. Moerke and Gary A. Lamberti. American Fisheries Society, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569766.ch15.

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<em>Abstract.</em>—Ecologists recognize that surrounding land use can influence the structure and function of aquatic ecosystems, but few studies have explicitly examined the relative effects of different types of land use on stream ecosystems. We quantified the relationships between different land uses (forested, urban, agricultural with or without riparian buffers) and stream physicochemical variables and resident fish assemblages in 21 southwestern Michigan streams. These streams were located within a single basin (Kalamazoo River) and ecoregion to minimize differences in natural landscape conditions. Streams responded to a gradient of land use, with forested streams having the least degraded water quality, physical habitat, and fish assemblages, and agricultural streams lacking buffers being the most degraded. Urban and agricultural streams with buffers displayed characteristics intermediate to forested and agricultural streams lacking buffers. In general, habitat complexity and water quality declined across this land-use gradient from forested to agricultural streams, whereas fish density, richness, and dominance by tolerant species increased along the land-use gradient. Although urban streams had lower percentages of altered land use (i.e., <40% urban) in their catchments compared to agricultural streams (i.e., >50% agriculture), both land uses appeared to have similar detrimental effects on streams suggesting higher per unit area impacts of urbanization on streams. The presence of forested riparian buffers along agricultural streams increased the complexity of instream habitat, but resulted in few benefits to fish assemblages, suggesting that stream water quality in altered landscapes may be constraining fish assemblages more than physical habitat.
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"Landscape Influences on Stream Habitats and Biological Assemblages." In Landscape Influences on Stream Habitats and Biological Assemblages, edited by Lucinda B. Johnson, George E. Host, Jennifer H. Olker, and Carl Richards. American Fisheries Society, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569766.ch8.

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<em>Abstract.</em>—Wood is an important component of small to medium-sized streams in forested regions, but has been poorly studied in agricultural areas. Our goals were to (1) characterize the abundance, size, and distribution of wood in low-gradient streams in two agricultural regions, (2) quantify the influence of reach- and landscape-scale factors on the abundance and distribution of wood in these streams, and (3) compare trends across two study areas. Wood abundance was quantified in stream reaches in two diverse agricultural regions of the Midwestern United States: central Michigan and southeastern Minnesota. Wood abundance was quantified in 71 stream reaches, and an array of channel, riparian zone, and landscape features were characterized. Multiple regressions were conducted to predict abundance from those explanatory variables. We found that large wood was relatively scarce in these low-gradient streams compared to low-gradient streams in forested regions. Mean log size was greater, but total abundance was lower in Minnesota than Michigan. In Minnesota, greatest wood abundance and greatest extent of accumulations were predicted in wide, shallow stream channels with high substrate heterogeneity and woody riparian vegetation overhanging the channel. Models were dominated by reach-scale variables. In Michigan, largest densities of wood and accumulations were associated with catchments in hilly regions containing urban centers, with low soil water capacity, wide, shallow stream channels, low coarse particular organic matter standing stocks, and woody riparian zones. Models contained both reach- and landscape-scale variables. Difference in the extent of agricultural and forest land use/cover between Michigan and Minnesota may explain the differences in the models predicting wood variables. Patterns in wood abundance and distribution in these Midwestern streams differ from those observed in high gradient regions, and in low-gradient streams within forested regions. This has important implications for ecosystem processes and management of headwater streams in agricultural regions.
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"Island in the Stream: Oceanography and Fisheries of the Charleston Bump." In Island in the Stream: Oceanography and Fisheries of the Charleston Bump, edited by E. L. Wenner and C. A. Barans. American Fisheries Society, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569230.ch10.

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<em>Abstract</em>.—The geological structure and characteristic community members of four relatively distinct benthic habitats, and their associated subhabitats, are described on the upper- and middle-continental slope just north of the Charleston Bump and below the deflection of the Gulf Stream eastward. The predominant habitats, identified from submersible surveys, included moderate-relief capped mounds, moderate-relief coral mounds, low-relief substrates and cohesive-mud substrates. Moderaterelief capped-mound habitats (185–220 m) due east of Charleston, South Carolina, were characterized by high local relief (about 20 m) outcroppings having abundant and diverse fish and sessile invertebrate communities. Moderate-relief coral-mound habitats, at depths of 503–555 m southeast of Charleston, consisted of mounds of dead coral fragments with a local relief of 15–23 m. Associated with the coral mounds was a depauperate assemblage of live coral and rare fish species. Yet, this habitat had a more diverse biological community than most of the low-relief subhabitats. Low–relief habitats at 293–567 m southeast of Charleston primarily consisted of fine sediments distributed in current generated patterns. Although epibenthic fish and invertebrate species were associated with this habitat, their abundance and diversity was relatively low. Cohesive-mud habitats at 150–250 m were distributed along depth contours for a long distance. Many of the species found here were associated with widely distributed tilefish <em> Lopholatilus chamaeleonticeps </em>burrows that impart negative relief to large areas of this flat habitat.
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"Landscape Influences on Stream Habitats and Biological Assemblages." In Landscape Influences on Stream Habitats and Biological Assemblages, edited by Troy G. Zorn and Michael J. Wiley. American Fisheries Society, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569766.ch18.

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<em>Abstract.</em>—Biologists need to understand causal relations among key habitat elements and fishes to effectively protect and manage stream systems. Though much groundwork has been laid, development of an analytic framework that incorporates spatial hierarchy of stream characteristics to predict instream habitat and fish assemblages has been challenging. A key issue is the complex web of direct and indirect effects that arise when one attempts to include all pertinent habitat parameters in analyses. Covariance structure analysis (CSA) was specifically developed for untangling such webs. We used CSA to quantitatively describe relations between catchment- and local-scale habitat variables and fish biomass in streams of Michigan’s Lower Peninsula. Catchment-scale variables characterizing stream size, land use, and surficial geology had significant direct and indirect effects on, and explained 50–83% of spatial variation in, mean depth, velocity, July mean temperature, 90% exceedence flow yield, and total phosphorus values in streams. These variables also had significant direct effects on substrate composition at sites, accounting for up to 30% of the spatial variation in individual substrate classes. Local-scale variables—mean depth, total phosphorus, and percent cobble—had significant direct effects on total fish biomass, explaining 26% of spatial variation among sites. Catchment area and percent of agricultural and urban land uses in the catchment had significant indirect effects on fish biomass. Our findings clearly demonstrated the ecological complexity and multiscale nature of fish habitat in stream ecosystems.
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Conference papers on the topic "Stream habitats"

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Lin, Jen-Yang, Yen-Chang Chen, and Han-Chung Yang. "Flow Pattern of Fish Habitats in Engineered Stream." In World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2005. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40792(173)122.

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Huusko, Ari, Pauliina Louhi, and Maare Marttila. "In-stream restoration in forestry impacted catchments: benefits to stream habitats, brown trout populations and society." In 5th European Congress of Conservation Biology. Jyväskylä: Jyvaskyla University Open Science Centre, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17011/conference/eccb2018/107365.

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Anderson, Paul G., Christian G. J. Fraikin, and Trevor J. Chandler. "Impacts and Recovery in a Coldwater Stream Following a Natural Gas Pipeline Crossing Installation." In 1998 2nd International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc1998-2120.

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Findlay Creek is a small, coldwater stream which was crossed by a natural gas pipeline using conventional open-cut techniques in late August 1992. Pipeline crossing activities included the removal of a beaver dam which was located along the proposed alignment, the installation of a temporary road crossing, and the actual pipeline installation. A monitoring study was initiated to examine the impacts of pipeline construction on this stream including changes in the physical and biological regimes of the aquatic ecosystem. Results of this study indicate that the dramatic sediment loads (suspended sediment levels of up to 3000 mg/L) caused by pipeline construction were sufficient to cause changes to the channel morphology as well as the fish and invertebrate communities. By twelve weeks post-construction, partial recovery of habitats and aquatic communities was apparent. Changes to the physical channel parameters and the stream population structure documented in this study suggest that impacts to Findlay Creek were localized, and full recovery was documented in affected areas by the one year post construction sampling period. This study concurs with other research investigating the impacts of pipeline construction, in that impacts on the aquatic fauna appear to be localized in extent and short term in duration.
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Shields, Jr., F. Douglas, and Scott Knight. "Ten Years After: Stream Habitat Restoration Project in Retrospect." In Protection and Restoration of Urban and Rural Streams Symposium. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40695(2004)4.

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Henderson, John W., and Scott J. Kenner. "Application of SMS to Characterize Spawning Habitat for Brown Trout." In Protection and Restoration of Urban and Rural Streams Symposium. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40695(2004)39.

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Vasamsetti, Ramakrishnaraju, Sucharita Vatturi, Patrick Deering, and Scott J. Kenner. "Characterizing Physical and Hydraulic Habitat Using Arc GIS and Hydraulic Modeling Techniques." In Protection and Restoration of Urban and Rural Streams Symposium. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40695(2004)38.

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Sanchez, Lily, Chien Wang, and Jon Laurant. "Managing the Arroyo Seco for Flood Prevention, Erosion Control, Waterway and Habitat Restoration." In Protection and Restoration of Urban and Rural Streams Symposium. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40695(2004)11.

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Loranger, John, and Scott Kenner. "Comparison of One- and Two-Dimensional Hydraulic Habitat Models for Simulation of Trout Stream Habitat." In World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2004. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40737(2004)406.

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Seal, Rebecca, Otto R. Stein, and Shawn F. Boelman. "Performance of In-Stream Habitat Structures Under Flood Conditions." In Wetlands Engineering and River Restoration Conference 1998. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40382(1998)112.

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Golpira, Amir, Ryan Pierce, and Abul B. M. Baki. "Influences of Boulder Placement on Stream Habitat Quality Metrics." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2021. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784483466.013.

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Reports on the topic "Stream habitats"

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Pitt, Daniel, and Darold Batzer. Woody Debris as a Resource for Aquatic Macroinvertebrates in Stream and River Habitats of the Southeastern United States: A Review. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1126898.

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Cooper, Christopher, Jacob McDonald, and Eric Starkey. Wadeable stream habitat monitoring at Congaree National Park: 2018 baseline report. National Park Service, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2286621.

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The Southeast Coast Network (SECN) Wadeable Stream Habitat Monitoring Protocol collects data to give park resource managers insight into the status of and trends in stream and near-channel habitat conditions (McDonald et al. 2018a). Wadeable stream monitoring is currently implemented at the five SECN inland parks with wadeable streams. These parks include Horseshoe Bend National Military Park (HOBE), Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park (KEMO), Ocmulgee Mounds National Historical Park (OCMU), Chattahoochee River National Recreation Area (CHAT), and Congaree National Park (CONG). Streams at Congaree National Park chosen for monitoring were specifically targeted for management interest (e.g., upstream development and land use change, visitor use of streams as canoe trails, and potential social walking trail erosion) or to provide a context for similar-sized stream(s) within the park or network (McDonald and Starkey 2018a). The objectives of the SECN wadeable stream habitat monitoring protocol are to: Determine status of upstream watershed characteristics (basin morphology) and trends in land cover that may affect stream habitat, Determine the status of and trends in benthic and near-channel habitat in selected wadeable stream reaches (e.g., bed sediment, geomorphic channel units, and large woody debris), Determine the status of and trends in cross-sectional morphology, longitudinal gradient, and sinuosity of selected wadeable stream reaches. Between June 11 and 14, 2018, data were collected at Congaree National Park to characterize the in-stream and near-channel habitat within stream reaches on Cedar Creek (CONG001, CONG002, and CONG003) and McKenzie Creek (CONG004). These data, along with the analysis of remotely sensed geographic information system (GIS) data, are presented in this report to describe and compare the watershed-, reach-, and transect-scale characteristics of these four stream reaches to each other and to selected similar-sized stream reaches at Ocmulgee Mounds National Historical Park, Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park, and Chattahoochee National Recreation Area. Surveyed stream reaches at Congaree NP were compared to those previously surveyed in other parks in order to provide regional context and aid in interpretation of results. edar Creek’s watershed (CONG001, CONG002, and CONG003) drains nearly 200 square kilometers (77.22 square miles [mi2]) of the Congaree River Valley Terrace complex and upper Coastal Plain to the north of the park (Shelley 2007a, 2007b). Cedar Creek’s watershed has low slope and is covered mainly by forests and grasslands. Cedar Creek is designated an “Outstanding Resource Water” by the state of South Carolina (S.C. Code Regs. 61–68 [2014] and S.C. Code Regs. 61–69 [2012]) from the boundary of the park downstream to Wise Lake. Cedar Creek ‘upstream’ (CONG001) is located just downstream (south) of the park’s Bannister Bridge canoe landing, which is located off Old Bluff Road and south of the confluence with Meyers Creek. Cedar Creek ‘middle’ and Cedar Creek ‘downstream’ (CONG002 and CONG003, respectively) are located downstream of Cedar Creek ‘upstream’ where Cedar Creek flows into the relatively flat backswamp of the Congaree River flood plain. Based on the geomorphic and land cover characteristics of the watershed, monitored reaches on Cedar Creek are likely to flood often and drain slowly. Flooding is more likely at Cedar Creek ‘middle’ and Cedar Creek ‘downstream’ than at Cedar Creek ‘upstream.’ This is due to the higher (relative to CONG001) connectivity between the channels of the lower reaches and their out-of-channel areas. Based on bed sediment characteristics, the heterogeneity of geomorphic channel units (GCUs) within each reach, and the abundance of large woody debris (LWD), in-stream habitat within each of the surveyed reaches on Cedar Creek (CONG001–003) was classified as ‘fair to good.’ Although, there is extensive evidence of animal activity...
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Abraham, Romeo. Trout habitat and stream restoration in Decorah. University of Iowa, May 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.17077/bso5-6lvm.

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Bruegman, Terry, and Debbie Nordheim. Tucannon Stream/Riparian Restoration : Fiscal Year 1998 Habitat Projects. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/753964.

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Bowles, David, Michael Williams, Hope Dodd, Lloyd Morrison, Janice Hinsey, Tyler Cribbs, Gareth Rowell, Michael DeBacker, Jennifer Haack-Gaynor, and Jeffrey Williams. Protocol for monitoring aquatic invertebrates of small streams in the Heartland Inventory & Monitoring Network: Version 2.1. National Park Service, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2284622.

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The Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network (HTLN) is a component of the National Park Service’s (NPS) strategy to improve park management through greater reliance on scientific information. The purposes of this program are to design and implement long-term ecological monitoring and provide information for park managers to evaluate the integrity of park ecosystems and better understand ecosystem processes. Concerns over declining surface water quality have led to the development of various monitoring approaches to assess stream water quality. Freshwater streams in network parks are threatened by numerous stressors, most of which originate outside park boundaries. Stream condition and ecosystem health are dependent on processes occurring in the entire watershed as well as riparian and floodplain areas; therefore, they cannot be manipulated independently of this interrelationship. Land use activities—such as timber management, landfills, grazing, confined animal feeding operations, urbanization, stream channelization, removal of riparian vegetation and gravel, and mineral and metals mining—threaten stream quality. Accordingly, the framework for this aquatic monitoring is directed towards maintaining the ecological integrity of the streams in those parks. Invertebrates are an important tool for understanding and detecting changes in ecosystem integrity, and they can be used to reflect cumulative impacts that cannot otherwise be detected through traditional water quality monitoring. The broad diversity of invertebrate species occurring in aquatic systems similarly demonstrates a broad range of responses to different environmental stressors. Benthic invertebrates are sensitive to the wide variety of impacts that influence Ozark streams. Benthic invertebrate community structure can be quantified to reflect stream integrity in several ways, including the absence of pollution sensitive taxa, dominance by a particular taxon combined with low overall taxa richness, or appreciable shifts in community composition relative to reference condition. Furthermore, changes in the diversity and community structure of benthic invertebrates are relatively simple to communicate to resource managers and the public. To assess the natural and anthropo-genic processes influencing invertebrate communities, this protocol has been designed to incorporate the spatial relationship of benthic invertebrates with their local habitat including substrate size and embeddedness, and water quality parameters (temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, specific conductance, and turbidity). Rigid quality control and quality assurance are used to ensure maximum data integrity. Detailed standard operating procedures (SOPs) and supporting information are associated with this protocol.
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Simonson, Timothy D., John Lyons, and Paul D. Kanehl. Guidelines for evaluating fish habitat in Wisconsin streams. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/nc-gtr-164.

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Dietrich, Andrew. Stream-Associated Amphibian Habitat Assessment in the Portland-Vancouver Metropolitan Region. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.604.

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Dolloff, C. Andrew, David G. Hankin, and Gordon H. Reeves. Basinwide Estimation of Habitat and Fish Populations in Streams. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/se-gtr-083.

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Dolloff, C. Andrew, David G. Hankin, and Gordon H. Reeves. Basinwide Estimation of Habitat and Fish Populations in Streams. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/se-gtr-83.

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Bryant, M. D., B. E. Wright, and B. J. Davies. Application of a hierarchical habitat unit classification system: stream habitat and salmonid distribution in Ward Creek, southeast Alaska. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-rn-508.

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