Journal articles: 'Street lighting'

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Zhang, Yuling. "Application of Smart Lighting in Urban Street Lighting." Journal of Electronic Research and Application 6, no. 2 (April 13, 2022): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.26689/jera.v6i2.3858.

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At present, the number of road engineering projects is increasing, and the corresponding street lighting work is receiving much more attention. In order to improve the lighting, operation, convenience, and energy-saving effect of urban streets, the concept of “smart lighting” needs to be implemented. This includes the planning of an urban street lighting design scheme and the use of appropriate software as well as components to realize significant optimization of the lighting work in urban streets. Therefore, this paper discusses the application measures of smart lighting in urban street lighting to provide reference.

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Ramljak, Ivan, and Drago Bago. "One Approach in Street Lighting System Reconstruction Regarding Energy Efficiency." B&H Electrical Engineering 13, no. 1 (December 1, 2019): 64–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bhee-2019-0008.

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Abstract This paper will present an approach for reconstruction of street lighting system regarding energy efficiency. Today, most street lighting systems are based on gas discharge lamps. LED lighting is energy efficiency lighting, which consumes less energy than lighting based on gas discharge lamps but, initial investment is still high. Methodology described in this paper includes analysis of the existing street lighting and gives guidelines for selection of equivalent LED lighting instead of the non-efficient existing one. Methodology includes economic evaluation of investment and saving ratio. This approach shortens calculation time, especially luminance calculations, due to lighting classification (on streets and areas) in clusters. This approach is especially appropriate for great systems of street lighting (city areas, cities and so on.).

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Putra, I. Gede Andhika, Anak Agung Ngurah Amrita, and I. Made Arsa Suyadnya. "Rancang Bangun Alat Monitoring Kerusakan Lampu Penerangan Jalan Umum Berbasis Mikrokontroler dengan Notifikasi SMS." Journal of Computer Science and Informatics Engineering (J-Cosine) 2, no. 2 (December 24, 2018): 90–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jcosine.v2i2.141.

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Public street lighting is part of a complementary road that serves to illuminate streets at night. Public street lighting lamps are generally operated throughout the night until early morning continuously without equipped tools that monitor conditions. The non-functioning of public street lighting is often not known by officers. In this study, a microcontroller-based damage monitoring tools was built with an SMS-based notification service. This tool is suitable to be implemented to monitor the state of public street lighting because it can monitor the state of lights during the day, lights go out and dim at night, and also can check the state of the lights by sending commands via SMS service. By sending the "CEK LPJU" command via SMS, the monitoring tool will give a reply regarding the state of the public street lighting. In addition, the monitoring tool will automatically send SMS regarding disturbances that occur in public street lighting. Keywords: public street lighting, SMS, microcontroller

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Gonzaga, Filipe Pohlmann, and Mohamed Akdidach. "Innovative Lighting Systems: Opportunities for Energy Savings." Journal of Management and Sustainability 12, no. 1 (May 23, 2022): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jms.v12n1p122.

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This paper analyses, from an energy flow perspective, the implementation of smart lighting systems in street lighting, where lights are dimmed to adapt to the flow of objects passing in a street. The research focus on the sustainability perspective of implementing a transition to smart lighting systems when compared to regular LED lighting. To account for externalities, the energy flow was addressed considering the extra electronic devices used in a smart lighting system (controllers, motion sensors, radars, and computers). To compare both traditional LED street lighting and smart lighting the paper started with a model of a 2.5-kilometre street, scaling up scenarios of the commune Ecublens, in the Swiss canton of Vaud, and then to half and all residential streets of Switzerland were examined to understand if the gains in energy savings are scalable. The research shows that, even with the additional electronic devices, the smart lighting system reduces the energy consumption of street lighting, even when considering the production of the extra components used. Financially, the extra costs of implementing smart lighting systems are offset by the savings in electricity consumption. Therefore, smart lighting systems for street lighting can be an environmentally and economically beneficial project to implement.

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Savale, Vaishali. "Automatic Street Light." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 5 (May 31, 2023): 7216–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.53403.

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Abstract: Traditional street lighting systems consume a significant amount of energy, leading to increased costs and negative environmental impacts. The demand for energy-efficient and cost-effective lighting solutions for streets and highways has increased in recent years. The given project focuses on to manage the amount of electricity used in public areas and to reduce labor. The research paper presents the design and working of an automatic street light system that uses LDR which detects the intensity of light and according to that it adjusts the lightening. The system decreases the costs by only lighting the areas where it is needed. The given paper offers a sketch of the different types of components used in the system such as LDR and microcontroller during day and night. The paper presents the results of experiments conducted to evaluate the performance of the system. The results showed that the system was able to accurately detect the intensity of sunlight and adjust the lighting accordingly. Ultimately, the paper focuses on the potential benefits of the system which includes improved safety for vehicles and reduced energy consumption. It also focus on some of the challenges that need to be addressed to deploy the system on a larger scale, such as the cost of the sensors and the need for maintenance. Overall, this research paper highlights on the feasibility and effectiveness of using automatic street lights controlled by a microcontroller to improve energy efficiency and reduce costs in urban areas

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Asalor, J. O., and I. W. Ujevwerume. "Assessment of availability of street light system: A study of Warri, Delta State, Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Technology 39, no. 2 (July 16, 2020): 536–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v39i2.24.

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The study computes the availability of street lighting system in Warri. This system under study consists of subsystems that are known as workstations. A generator and sets of street light make up a workstation. The power source and the street lighting were modeled into series and parallel combinations. Reliability Block Diagrams and Path Tracing Method were employed assuming independent failure of the components. The availability of the set of street lightings, workstations and hence the availability of the system were determined. Results of the study show that users in Cemetery road had the least availability of 62.19% for the period. The implication is that users travelling along this road experienced wide variation of light that could lead to accidents. Keywords: Availability, Street Lighting and Reliability block diagram

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Bunahri, Rifqi Raza. "Analisis Perbandingan Ekonomis Penggunaan Penerangan Jalan Umum Solar Cell dengan Penerangan Jalan Umum Konvensional di Bandar Udara Djalaluddin Gorontalo." SKY EAST: Education of Aviation Science and Technology 1, no. 1 (July 4, 2023): 68–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.61510/east.v1i1.10.

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This study aims to conduct an economic comparison analysis between the use of solar cell street lighting and conventional street lighting at Djalaluddin Airport in Gorontalo. The research method employed is quantitative, with data collection through observation, interviews, and document analysis. The findings indicate that the utilization of solar cell street lighting at UPBU Djalaluddin Airport is relatively ineffective from an economic standpoint. The operational costs for battery replacement in solar cell street lighting are comparatively higher than using PLN electricity in conventional street lighting. Furthermore, the initial investment cost for solar cell street lighting is significantly more expensive than conventional street lighting. The total costs of solar cell street lighting over a 10-year period are also higher compared to conventional street lighting. However, the operational costs for solar cell street lighting are simpler, limited to the expenses for cleaning the solar panels, while the operational costs for conventional street lighting depend on the government-regulated Basic Electricity Tariff (TDL).

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Al-Smadi, Adnan, Salam Salah, Areen Al-Momani, and Majd Al-Bataineh. "Intelligent Street Lighting Energy-Saving System Based on Climate Conditions and Vehicle’s Movements." Jurnal Kejuruteraan 33, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 147–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2021-33(1)-15.

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The huge amount of electric power and cost associated with street lighting has raised the need to investigate both cost issues and environmental concerns. Cities worldwide are increasingly investing in energy-efficient street lighting systems. Modern street lighting technology can lower energy consumption as well as operation and maintenance costs significantly. In addition, bright street lighting can reduce accidents and crime rate in the area. Street lighting is an essential public service that provides a significant factor contributing to the quality of life and productivity of people workforces. This paper proposes an intelligent and energy-efficient traffic sensing system based on the widely distributed street lights. It is intended to observe vehicle’s movement on the road and turn ON a block of street lights ahead of vehicle whenever needed. As the vehicle passes by, the system turns OFF the trailing lights. The brightness (intensity of light) of the street light is adjusted based on the surrounding using LDR sensor. Hence, the street lights will be switched ON in the evening around sunset when a vehicle passes by, and switched OFF in the morning after sunrise when there is sufficient light on the streets. In addition, the proposed system will control the intensity level of the street light using the LDR sensor. The Proteus Software Simulation of the proposed system was performed and tested. Then a hardware prototype was designed and implemented to evaluate the performance of the proposed system. This technology can save significant costs and energy.

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RaffyCheerotha, Lilly, Daniel Williams George, Rahul C D, and Ranjith R. "Efficient Street Lighting." International Journal of Computer Trends and Technology 48, no. 4 (June 25, 2017): 196–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.14445/22312803/ijctt-v48p136.

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Takama, Yasufumi, Xiaotong Xu, Chi-Chih Yu, Yu-Sheng Chen, and Lieu-Hen Chen. "Classification of Street Lighting Conditions for a Community-Centric System." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 20, no. 6 (November 20, 2016): 875–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2016.p0875.

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This paper proposes a method for classifying street lighting conditions after dark in order to share the collected data with the local community. Such information is important for the safety and security of residents, and can be used to discuss about anti-crime activities and nighttime route recommendations. However, it is difficult to ascertain the actual street lighting conditions because of insufficient street-lamp data and the effects of obstacles and other light sources. In order to tackle this problem, we propose a social approach by which local residents collaboratively collect street lighting conditions using their smartphones. The technology behind this approach is a classifier that places the street lighting conditions into one of three levels. It is based on three attributes that are calculated from the illuminance data collected by the smartphones. The results of experiments on 164 actual streets show a maximum classification accuracy of 88.4%. We also discuss performance differences between smartphones and the effect of walking speed during data collection, both of which are important factors affecting the classification accuracy.

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Balázs, László, Ferenc Braun, and József Lengyel. "Energy Saving Potential of Traffic-Regulated Street Lighting." Sustainability 15, no. 8 (April 17, 2023): 6750. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15086750.

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Some municipalities switch off street lights for several hours at night to save energy and reduce operating costs as a consequence of soaring electricity prices in Europe. Complete darkness in the streets raises public concern about safety and security. The current street lighting standard EN 13201 enables the road luminance to be reduced in parallel with diminishing traffic volume offering a viable tradeoff between energy saving and road safety. This paper presents a methodology to estimate the energy-saving potential of traffic-regulated street lighting based on traffic counting data. By analyzing traffic volume and composition collected from an urban street over the one-year period, we found that traffic sensor-regulated street lighting can deliver up to 55% reduction in electricity costs while maintaining road luminance in line with the recommendations of EN 13201-2. In the presented case, the daily traffic volume profiles were remarkably stable following either a workday or a holiday pattern. Statistical analysis showed that 45% energy saving could be achieved by the pre-programmed dimming schedule of the luminaires while remaining compliant with the standard. The effect of daylight-saving time on the energy consumption of adaptive street lighting was also analyzed.

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Jurnal, Redaksi Tim. "KONTROL PENERANGAN TENAGA SURYA SEBAGAI IMPLEMENTASI DARI LISTRIK KERAKYATAN." Energi & Kelistrikan 9, no. 2 (November 23, 2018): 136–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.33322/energi.v9i2.43.

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Solar Street Lighting Light (PJU-TS) is a street lighting that uses sunlight as a source of electrical energy. The Solar Street Lighting (PJU-TS) is suitable for roads in areas not covered by PLN electricity and also areas experiencing electrical energy crisis especially in remote areas. But recently PJU Solar is also rife applied in urban areas such as in the main streets, residential street, garden lights, campus area, factory area, bus stops, parking lots, gas stations (gas stations) and so on. In the process of making solar lighting control system on the lamp for PJU is first to determine the load installed, then calculate the number of solar panels or photovoltaic needs, then calculate the battery requirements and determine the capacity of the battery charge regulator (BCR). Then for PJU lamps to operate automatically installed light sensor or light dependent resistor (LDR) as a switch to turn on and off PJU lights.

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Wendy Juniar Akbar, Emidiana Emidiana, and Yudi Irwansi. "Analisa Sistem Penerangan Lampu Jalan Di Desa Kenten Laut Banyuasin." Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Mesin, Elektro dan Komputer 3, no. 3 (December 27, 2023): 569–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.51903/juritek.v3i3.2558.

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In evaluating street lighting systems, the main factors are safety, comfort, and beauty for road users who must receive special attention. Street lighting is very useful at night or during dark conditions such as rain or cloudiness. Therefore, the authors evaluate the street lamp lighting system on the street .A.Nakowi .No17.Rt14 in the village of KentenLaut. From the results obtained, the length of the road is 240 meters with a road width of 4 meters for the calculation of the installation of street lights based on the reality in the field by taking into account road conditions and road classification. The lamp used is SON-T 150W, after an evaluation, the street lamp lighting system on the street. A.Nakowi.No17..Rt14.In the village of KentenLaut does not meet the standards, so the street lamps in the village of KentenLaut must be repaired or replaced with lamps so that the lighting can match the standard of street lamp lighting, the standard of good street lamp lighting is 20 lux so that road users feel comfortable with bright lighting.

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Singh, Satwinder, and Suman Bhullar. "Automatic Street Lighting System Uses NE555 Integrated Circuit and LDR." Journal of Advance Research in Electrical & Electronics Engineering (ISSN: 2208-2395) 2, no. 1 (January 31, 2015): 01–07. http://dx.doi.org/10.53555/nneee.v2i1.234.

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Street light is a raised source of light that is commonly used along walkways and streets when the surrounding turns dark. Presently High Intensity Discharge lamps are used for street lighting system based on principle of gas discharge, but they consume more power and have low CRI. By replacing the HPS with LED lamps we can save a lot of energy, reduce Co2 emissions and using the autoswitching system we can also control power consumptions at the streets and eliminating manpower. With the broad availability of flexlighting technology like light-emitting diode Lamps, the street lighting system is fast reacting, reliably operating, and less power-conserving become reality. This project is all about to eliminate the manpower and reduce the energy consumptions at the street lights. This project includes controlling a circuit of street lights with the help of Transformer, Rectifier, Filter unit, LDR, NE 555 IC,BC 547 transistor, SPDT Relay, LED Lamp, resistance and capacitor during day and night.

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Rosely, Ely. "Prototype Design of Remote Monitoring Software of Street Lighting System." IJAIT (International Journal of Applied Information Technology) 1, no. 02 (August 14, 2017): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.25124/ijait.v1i02.873.

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Street lightings are used in public area to support people activities throughout the night. Maintenance activities are needed to keep the availability of street lights. The advanced of technologies give ideas to create such tools to support the maintenance. Monitoring and controlling tools are proposed to maintain the availability of street lightings. This paper describes a design of web-based remote monitoring software of street lighting. The street lights should be equipped with GPRS module in transmitting data to the software. This research follows three steps: literature review, analysis, and design. The design tools such as BPMN, use case, ERD, and mockup are used to describe the system. The software can be used to monitor the street lights in the widespread area without having to come to the location.

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Hartono, Hartono, Rifdian I.S., Kustori Kustori, Slamet Hariyadi, Suhanto Suhanto, Fiqqih Faizah, and Siti Julaihah. "WORKSHOP JARINGAN LISTRIK DAN PEMBUATAN PENERANGAN JALAN UMUM DI LUMAJANG." Journal of Public Transportation Community 3, no. 1 (May 24, 2023): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.46491/jptc.v3i1.1468.

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Abstract Public street lighting is one of the need of today’s society. Every street in residential areas always requires public street lighting. This is because every community activity that takes place outside the home, especially at night definity requires proper lighting. Street lighting is closely related to public safety and security. Community Service Activities (PKM) are condused to address environmental issues. One solution to these problems is to organize a Workshop on electricity netwroks and public street lighting on the slopes of Mount Semeru in Lumajang. The results of this activity, revealed that the provision of PJU lights assisted the community sevice project was titled "Electrical Network Workshop and the Insatallation of Public Street Lighting in Lumajang". This program is implemented by a lecturer at the Surabaya Aviation Polytechnic to appply electrical engineering knowledge and provide benefits to the community by improving street lighting Keywords: Elecric Network, Public Street Lighting, Safety

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Pozsgai, Andrea, Alexandra Pusztai-Eredics, Gábor Baranyai, and Tibor Lenner. "The connection between public lighting modernisation and light pollution : The Dunaújváros pattern." Acta Universitatis de Carolo Eszterházy Nominatae. Sectio Biologiae 46 (2021): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33041/actauniveszterhazybiol.2021.46.125.

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Proper street lighting has psychological, ecological and economic functions. Not only does it provide safety in settlements at night, but it also makes streets friendlier. Inadequate quantity and quality of street luminaries can cause troubles in the ecosystems of settlements. Public lighting management is the responsibility of local governments, and therefore it matters how much the operation and maintenance burden the budget. The modernisation of the obsolete street lighting system and the installation of a reliable and energy-saving (cost-effective in the long run) system is taking place in more and more places. Large cities (domestic cities with county rights) deserve special attention due to the concentration of the population, functions and through them the concentration of environmental impacts.

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Tanjung, Wiryo, Joni Fat, Endah Setyaningsih, and Yohanes Calvinus. "Blockchain Application for Public Street Lighting in Data Sensor Recording." International Journal of Application on Sciences, Technology and Engineering 1, no. 2 (May 31, 2023): 651–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/ijaste.v1.i2.651-655.

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Public street lighting is crucial to illuminates streets at night to reduce accidents. But one of the weaknesses of LED is their humidity and temperature. To make sure the longevity of the public street lighting, thermals need to be managed. To thermally managed the public street lighting, a way to record humidity and temperature is needed to take action. Blockchain is considered as a replacement to a conventional database due to it being more secure compared to a traditional database. This paper is designing a prototype that utilize a ESP32 microcontroller and an HTU21D as the humidity and temperature sensor. The results shows both from the serial output of the microcontroller and from etherscan.io websites show successful data recording.

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Edy Sumarno, Juhana Juhana, and Jan Setiawan. "Implementasi Light Emitting Diode Sebagai Penerangan Jalan Umum Yang Hemat Daya." ASPIRASI : Publikasi Hasil Pengabdian dan Kegiatan Masyarakat 1, no. 6 (November 30, 2023): 273–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.61132/aspirasi.v1i6.422.

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Public street lighting, also known as street lighting, refers to the outdoor lighting systems used to illuminate public roads. An effective street lighting system plays a crucial role in enhancing safety and security for pedestrians, cyclists, and motorists by providing improved visibility of the road and surrounding terrain during nighttime hours. The primary focus in street lighting planning is on economic factors. An analysis of light sources has highlighted the economic advantages of utilizing light emitting diodes for public street lighting. This choice proves to be more efficient when implemented in a sustainable manner. The installation of public street lighting can be the optimal solution to address the issue of inadequate lighting in the village of Pedurenan Gunung Sindur Bogor, ensuring enhanced comfort and security during nighttime activities. The lighting installation process commences with a thorough examination of the site, followed by diligently arranging and design of the electrical installations for the lighting system. Finally, the planned design was carried out and implemented. The implementation of public street lighting is a collaborative effort between college students and youth residents in the village. The outcome of this community service initiative is the implementation of public street lighting installations that offer optimal illumination, ensuring the convenience and safety for all people accessing the roads.

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Yang, Huiyan. "Application of Smart Streetlights in Urban Road Lighting." Journal of Electronic Research and Application 8, no. 3 (June 14, 2024): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.26689/jera.v8i3.7209.

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The construction and installation of street lighting is an important element in the modernization of China’s cities. Besides, it also plays an important role in raising the living standards of the people. In recent years, with the technological and economic development, smart street lighting has gradually emerged. Key functions of smart street lighting include road illumination, cultural promotion, meteorological monitoring, public broadcasting, and 5G micro-base stations. The overall quality of smart street lighting construction directly impacts the effectiveness of urban development and the city’s comprehensive growth. This paper analyzes the concept of smart street lighting, its advantages and disadvantages, the functionalities of smart street light systems, and the application of smart street lighting in urban road illumination.

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Masri, Mahrizal, Dwi Liestyowati, Andiyan Andiyan, and Anisa Husolihah. "Smart Energy Public Street Lighting System." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1301, no. 1 (February 1, 2024): 012008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1301/1/012008.

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Abstract Public street lighting illuminates roadways for two, three, and four-wheeled vehicles. Most roads have street lighting for safety and aesthetics. The security feature improves nighttime driver sight. Motorists need appropriate illumination to reduce accidents and crime. Lighting design and placement affect the street’s and city’s nighttime attractiveness. Public street lighting lights utilize uncontrolled electricity, resulting in excessive expenditures. We need a design that effectively manages and uses electrical energy. The IoT-based Public Street Lighting system employing solar panels as battery chargers may be utilized for electrical energy planning. The ESP8266 module provides control, a Wi-Fi module provides Wi-Fi, the relay module provides an electric switch to turn on or off public street lighting lights using the intelligent energy public street lighting application, and solar panels charge the batteries. The system has LDR sensor monitoring, ultrasonic sensors, and a Nodemcu ESP8266 microprocessor. The light sensor module detects light intensity. The Smart Energy, Public Street Lighting app lets officers monitor the process in real time. This program will monitor public street lighting and analyze and graph the data.

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Kamburova, Veselka, Violeta Rasheva, and Michail Velikanov. "Energy -Efficient Reconstruction of Public Lighting in Pravets Municipality from Bulgaria." E3S Web of Conferences 112 (2019): 04008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911204008.

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Improving energy efficiency and reducing greenhouse gases is a central issue of the Europe 2020 strategy. Today enormous electric energy is consumed by the street lighting. Much of it could be saved through suitable energy-conservation measures (ECMs). The energy audit of the street lighting system in the Pravets municipality was carried out in compliance with the legislation in force in the EU and Bulgaria. Data about the present state of street lighting and electricity consumption for a period of 3 years were gathered and analysed. The baseline electricity consumption was defined. Classification of streets was done and the light class of the different categories streets was determined. The potential for energy savings was identified and a package of ECMs was developed. The annual electricity savings are 680 MWh (or 57,441 €/y) and the annual CO2 emissions savings are 557,640 t. The investment for implementation of the envisaged ECMs is 414,840 €. The expected electricity savings compared to the baseline are 75%.

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Örs, Zafer, Tayyip Uğur Taşkın, İrem Arhan, Levent Doğan, Cengiz Gezer, Ahmet Faruk Karakebelioğlu, and Meltem Kesler. "Smart Street Lighting System." Orclever Proceedings of Research and Development 1, no. 1 (December 31, 2022): 188–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.56038/oprd.v1i1.155.

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Street lighting is an important part of the energy consumption of cities. With suitable smart lighting systems that increase energy efficiency, it is possible to save on lighting costs substantially. Intelligent street lighting systems generally consist of lamps, ballast and dimming devices located in the area to be illuminated, control units placed in different lighting zones, and central management systems that can manage and monitor these regional controls. With smart lighting systems suitable for energy efficiency, it is possible to save a great deal of lighting costs while protecting the environment. When current projects are examined, it is seen that up to 80% energy savings can be achieved when automation systems are used in street lighting. There is a need for an approach that controls the luminous flux without reducing the driver's safety and comfort, and that performs dimming studies using machine learning methods. In this paper, the smart street lighting system developed jointly by ISBAK and Panasonic is explained.

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Alabani, Salah. "Energy Saving Potential of Dynamic Lighting Control in Street Lighting Systems in Libya." Solar Energy and Sustainable Development Journal 7, no. 1 (June 30, 2018): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.51646/jsesd.v7i1.33.

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This paper studies the manner of energy consumption in Libyan street lighting systems and general road section. It also suggests proposal system with two cases of operation for an attempt to apply the energy saving program by adopting an optimum method in order to decrease the demand of energy in this section and to reduce the use of uneconomic equipment.The proposal system in this paper introduces the Light Emitting Diode (LED) street lighting technology to be used instead of traditional luminaries High Pressure Sodium (HPS). Th proposed system is divided into two cases. Th fist case discusses the replacement of traditional luminaries (HPS) with energy saving luminaries (LED), while second case explains how integrating control node (dynamic dimmer) into LED in order to dim output lighting in streets will save more energy.This study reaches a result that a signifiant amount of energy of %47 (about 1092.23 GWh/year) of total energy consumed in street lighting sector could be saved if fist case is applied. Moreover, it suggests that more energy of %58 (about 1380.02 GWh/year) of total energy consumed in the same sector cloud be saved if the second case is adopted.

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Gorzelańczyk, Piotr, and Miłosz Miśkowski. "Opinion of Residents on Lighting in the City of Pila." Olsztyn Economic Journal 17, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 213–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/oej.8740.

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The article analyzes the efficiency of street lighting in the city of Pila. For this purpose, a survey was conducted to find out the opinions of residents about lighting in the city of Pila. For this purpose, 167 residents of Pila were asked what they thought about lighting in the analyzed city. Based on the survey, some of the respondents believe that road lighting is good and effective, while the other part says that lighting does not fulfill its functions, tasks and something should be changed in this regard. There are several streets that are well and poorly lit at the same time, so the effectiveness of street lighting in these places cannot be clearly determined. There is also a group of respondents who indicate that the lighting does not work properly, i.e. it is out of order for a long time. The last part of the article contains suggestions for upgrading city lighting in Pila. The article ends with a summary.

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Zakri, Azriyenni Azhari, Muhammad Fauzan, Wahri Sunanda, and Rudy Kurniawan. "The Design of Solar Cell-Based Street Lighting for School Area." Jurnal Ecotipe (Electronic, Control, Telecommunication, Information, and Power Engineering) 10, no. 1 (April 30, 2023): 131–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.33019/jurnalecotipe.v10i1.3964.

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Currently, public street lighting using Solar-based Public Street Lighting has been widely used. Solar-based Public Street Lighting is an off-grid Solar Power Plant application for street lighting. This study aims to use Solar-based Public Street Lighting which has been designed for Inayah Islamic School according to the geographical features of the school. To design this Solar-based Public Street Lighting by considering the economic aspect. From the data obtained directly at the location, the road width is 4.5 meters and the total length is 330 meters. Road size is used to determine the need for lighting quality according to the Indonesian National Standard of 7391:2008. This Solar-based Public Street Lighting has been designed with a pole height of 5 meters and a 1.5-meter pole arm using a 20 Watt 2-in-1 LED lamp and a solar cell capacity of 50 Wp per pole. From the results of the design analysis, the component specifications used in the design have met the requirements according to SNI of 7391:2008, and the required poles for Solar-based Public Street Lighting are 22 points for the Inayah Islamic School Complex area

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Imam, Rijalul, I. Gede Putu Wirarama Wedashwara W, and Fitri Bimantoro. "Rancang Bangun Sistem Monitoring dan Controlling Penerangan Jalan Umum Berbasis IoT dan Android." Jurnal Teknologi Informasi, Komputer, dan Aplikasinya (JTIKA ) 2, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 101–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jtika.v2i1.88.

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Abstract: Public street lighting (PSL) is an element or component that must be present in every road, functioning as street lighting at night for the safety of motorists. Most of public street lighting is lit at night through morning continuously without a system of monitoring and control, which is consuming electricity. Therefore in this study a prototype system was designed to monitor and control public street lighting based on IoT and Android. It use Dimmer as a microcontroller, Dimmer as a voltage regulation, and LDR sensor for taking light intensity. Conventionally, public street lighting only turns on at night and turn off during the day. Research on monitoring and controlling street lighting in addition to being made that can be ON and OFF lights, it also can reduced electric voltage to dim the light intensity. Keywords: Internet of Things, Public Street Lighting (LPJU) Relay, Dimmer, SensorLDR.

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Ibrahim, Muhammad Fadel. "Feasibility Study of Solar Power Generation System for Public Street Lighting." Advance Sustainable Science Engineering and Technology 4, no. 2 (November 6, 2022): 0220207. http://dx.doi.org/10.26877/asset.v4i2.13378.

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One of the uses of electricity that is widely used by society today is as a source of lighting. The increasing level of community mobility makes all activities require lighting. One part that is important and requires lighting is a highway or public road. PJU is a lighting lamp that is public (for the common good) and is usually installed on roads and certain places such as parks and other public places. PJU (street lighting) or road lighting is a light source that is installed as street lighting at night. Public street lighting using solar power is a cheap and economical alternative to be used as a source of lighting electricity because it uses a new and unlimited renewable energy source that comes from nature, namely solar energy. This study aims to determine the feasibility of solar street lighting in the future as a substitute for conventional public street lighting in the future by looking at the Net present cost, and Break even point assisted by HOMER software version 3.10.3. And the results obtained from the calculation of the Net present cost of conventional street lighting costs less, which is only Rp. 30,245,473 and the Net present cost of solar street lighting costs an initial investment of Rp. 128,341,312 and the BEP (Break even point) graph that has not been found to break even.

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Terrich, Theodor, and Marek Balsky. "The Effect of Spill Light on Street Lighting Energy Efficiency and Light Pollution." Sustainability 14, no. 9 (April 29, 2022): 5376. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14095376.

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Street lighting is usually designed to meet luminance (or illuminance) requirements of technical standards and recommendations with minimum possible lighting installation power consumption. However, with the expansion of street lighting in growing cities caused by increasing traffic intensity, the disturbing effects of street lighting on the surroundings are often neglected in the design of lighting systems. Light emitted outside the area to be lit (spill light) causes an increase in complaints from residents and an increase in lighting installation power consumption. Therefore, this paper proposes an analysis of the effect of spill light on the energy efficiency of the street lighting systems.

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Sutopo, Wahyudi, Ika Shinta Mardikaningsih, Roni Zakaria, and Ahad Ali. "A Model to Improve the Implementation Standards of Street Lighting Based on Solar Energy: A Case Study." Energies 13, no. 3 (February 3, 2020): 630. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13030630.

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This paper aims to improve the implementation standards of solar-energy-based street lighting in Indonesia. A model framework was developed to assess existing conditions regarding the level of lux, the distance between poles, pole height, and lamp power. According to the evaluation of the existing circumstances, the street lighting system is not satisfactory according to the national standard, with 64.7% black area. An alternative installation of street lighting designed by DIALux application was proposed to fulfill the technical standard of street lighting. The result shows that this alternative design can be used for renewing existing street lighting with better performance and reliability. Economic analysis of all technically feasible alternatives was conducted afterward by benefit–cost analysis. The analysis shows that solar-energy-based street lighting requires as much as 621,473,620.00 Indonesian Rupiah (IDR), with 1.06 benefit–cost ratios and a 9% reduction of total cost. Therefore, the analysis indicates that solar-energy-based technology can be feasibly implemented in a street lighting system. The results show that the proposed model can be applied to improve the implementation standard of solar-energy-based street lighting.

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Simamora, Yoakim, Adri Senen, Tri Wahyu Oktaviana Putri, and Dwi Anggaini. "Rancang Bangun Lampu Jalan Tenaga Surya Pada Jembatan Penghubung Desa Di Kabupaten Lebak Banten." TERANG 2, no. 2 (June 29, 2020): 160–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.33322/terang.v2i2.493.

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Road is a vital public facility that connects one region to another region. Hence, the existence of public street lighting is a key to supports people’s activities at night. But not all roads are equipped with public street lighting. For example, the village roads in Sukarame Village, Sajira sub-district, Lebak regency, Banten. This village is fully electrified but the supply for public street lighting is still limited. Therefore, it is neccesary to install public street lighting in the form of solar lamps as an effective alternative for street lighting and public facilities. Solar lamp is chosen because it doesn’t need power supply and the village’s geographical is very potential for utilizing solar lamps. Solar lamps installed in 3 strategic points, which are village road in front of local kindergarten, village road in front of public field, and mosque’s terrace. Besides solar lamp installation, this research also focused in economic analysis of this program. The analysis was done by comparing total cost needed for conventional public street lighting using bulbs that connect to grid with total cost needed for public street lighting using solar lamps. Despite solar lamp’s price is more expensive, for the long-term usage, public street lighting using solar lamps is more economically profitable compared to conventional public street lighting with the cost difference of Rp 636,582.80 per lamppost for 3 years usage period.

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Outferdine, Fatima, Lahoussine Bouhouch, Mustapha Kourchi, Mohamed Ajaamoum, and Ali Moudden. "Feasibility of Substitution of the Conventional Street Lighting Installation by the Photovoltaic Case Study on a Municipality in Agadir in Morocco." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 7, no. 5 (October 1, 2017): 2287. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v7i5.pp2287-2299.

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In this work, we present a technical and economic study of the solar powered street lighting system of a municipality in the south of Morocco. The state of the conventional street lighting system is first analyzed in a substation of street lighting. Then a sizing method is applied to the photovoltaic installation in the testing area. A financial study, by comparison between conventional and PV-based lighting, is carried out showing the feasibility of the PV street lighting.

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Davies, Matthew W., and David P. Farrington. "An examination of the effects on crime of switching off street lighting." Criminology & Criminal Justice 20, no. 3 (December 19, 2018): 339–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748895818818861.

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Prior reviews suggest that improving street lighting leads to a decrease in offending, but little is known about the effects of switching off street lighting. The present research investigates the effects of switching off street lighting in Maldon, Essex, by comparing police-recorded crime rates before and after, in Maldon and in the adjacent area of Braintree, Essex. After street lighting was switched off, burglary and vehicle crime increased relatively in Maldon, but criminal damage did not change, and violence decreased relatively in Maldon. Since violence is a costly crime, switching off street lighting in Maldon was not followed by an increase in the costs of crime. Possible explanations of these findings are discussed, including the fact that switching off street lighting in Maldon might have deterred people from going out at night.

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Sakamoto, Shoetsu, Ichiro Fujita, Taka'aki Nitta, and Toru Noguchi. "Effects of street lighting." JOURNAL OF THE ILLUMINATING ENGINEERING INSTITUTE OF JAPAN 73, Appendix (1989): 120–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2150/jieij1980.73.appendix_120.

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Guha, H. C. "Modern Street Lighting Practices." Journal of the Association of Engineers, India 83, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.22485/jaei/2013/v83/i2/119894.

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Smith, Keith T. "Dimming Tucson's street lighting." Science 369, no. 6503 (July 30, 2020): 520.7–521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.369.6503.520-g.

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Moreno, Ivan, Maximino Avendaño-Alejo, Tonatiuh Saucedo-A, and Alejandra Bugarin. "Modeling LED street lighting." Applied Optics 53, no. 20 (July 3, 2014): 4420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.53.004420.

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Pizzuti, S., M. Annunziato, and F. Moretti. "Smart street lighting management." Energy Efficiency 6, no. 3 (February 8, 2013): 607–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12053-013-9195-9.

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Wojnicki, Igor, Sebastian Ernst, Leszek Kotulski, and Adam Se¸dziwy. "Advanced street lighting control." Expert Systems with Applications 41, no. 4 (March 2014): 999–1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2013.07.044.

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Gabriel Guimaraes Ramos, Lucas, Rayana Da Silva Florencio, Geane Nunes De Souza Parente, and Jaqueline Silva De Souza Pinheiro. "STREET LIGHTING SERVICE CONTROL." International Journal of Advanced Research 10, no. 11 (November 30, 2022): 1318–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/15796.

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The management of street lighting is a known problem can be revisited from the perspective of smart cities. In smart cities, services and services are interconnected to provide infrastructure for sustainable growth and improvement in the quality of life of citizens. In this research work, xplore was and xplore new low-cost technologies to create intelligent street lighting systems capable of monitoring and controlling luminaires, thus reducing maintenance costs and allowing youto electricity more rationally.

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Rahmat, Baihaqqi, and Ahmad Yunani. "Analisis Peranan Pajak Penerangan Jalan Terhadap Pendapatan Asli Daerah di Kota Banjarmasin." JIEP: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi dan Pembangunan 5, no. 1 (May 31, 2022): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jiep.v5i1.5497.

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This study discusses the analysis of the role of street lighting tax on local revenue in Banjarmasin. In administering the Street Lighting Tax (PPJ), the Government, through the Regional Revenue Service, oversees implementing the Street Lighting Tax (PPJ). Still, in the case of managing its tax collection, the Regional Revenue Service cooperates with PLN in collecting street lighting taxes. This research is conducted with a quantitative descriptive analysis method to calculate growth rate, effectiveness, and contribution. The method used in this study is through the growth rate of road lighting taxes and the effectiveness of street lighting. For street lighting tax, the highest growth rate in 2014 was 19.62%, the lowest growth rate was in 2016 at 1.7%, while for the last year of 2018, the growth rate was 12.82%, from the calculation of the growth rate indicator ≤ 30% is still considered unsuccessful, and the average total calculation is 11.71%.

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Eridani, Dania, M. Azka Asyauqqi, and Agung Budi Prasetijo. "Analisis Purwarupa Sistem Otomatisasi Penerang Jalan Untuk Menghemat Daya Listrik." J-SAKTI (Jurnal Sains Komputer dan Informatika) 4, no. 1 (March 30, 2020): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.30645/j-sakti.v4i1.194.

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Public street lighting automation is one part of an area or a city development design. The design of public street lightning need to pay attention to several aspects, where one of them is how the public street lighting design is able to save electricity consumption. This research contain several combination of public street light-ing automation designs. It use Arduino Mega 2560 board as the main control board, KY-018 sensor as the sen-sor to detect the environment light intensity, HC-SR501 sensor as the sensor to detect object movement, AC light dimmer as the regulator of the lamp, AC power meter as a measuring device to measure the power con-sumption of the lamp used. The testing mechanism are consist of testing the input and output components in the system and testing the electricity consumption in the circuit design. The results of the research carried out, showed a comparison of the level of electricity consumption from each series of combinations that can be used as a reference for road lighting development planning.

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Lazaropoulos, Athanasios G., and Helen C. Leligou. "Integration of LiFi, BPL, and Fiber Optic Technologies in Smart Grid Backbone Networks: A Proposal for Exploiting the LiFi LED Street Lighting Networks of Power Utilities and Smart Cities." Sustainability 16, no. 2 (January 12, 2024): 686. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16020686.

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This paper presents a proposal for extending an existing terabit-class backbone network architecture to enable the use of LiFi technology by power utilities and smart cities. The proposed architecture provides a practical means of integrating three smart grid communication technologies—fiber optics, BPL networks and LiFi LED street lighting networks—across the transmission and distribution power grids of smart cities. In addition to expanding the backbone communications network architecture, the paper provides a comprehensive overview of LiFi technology and analyzes the concept of LiFi LED street lighting networks in a smart city. The analytical investigation of the operation and performance of LiFi LED street lighting networks focuses on the following aspects: (i) typical LED street lighting configurations and default configuration parameter values encountered in smart sustainable cities; (ii) the applied LiFi channel model and corresponding default model parameters; (iii) SNR computations and LiFi channel classifications for a variety of scenarios; and (iv) available LiFi LED street lighting network architectures for integrating LiFi LED street lighting networks with the backbone network. The paper also discusses the potential benefits of LiFi LED street lighting networks for power utilities, smart cities and individuals.

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Gagliardi, Gianfranco, Marco Lupia, Gianni Cario, Francesco Tedesco, Francesco Cicchello Gaccio, Fabrizio Lo Scudo, and Alessandro Casavola. "Advanced Adaptive Street Lighting Systems for Smart Cities." Smart Cities 3, no. 4 (December 7, 2020): 1495–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/smartcities3040071.

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This paper reports the results of a recently concluded R&D project, SCALS (Smart Cities Adaptive Lighting System), which aimed at the development of all hardware/software components of an adaptive urban smart lighting architecture allowing municipalities to manage and control public street lighting lamps. The system is capable to autonomously adjust street lamps’ brightness on the basis of the presence of vehicles (busses/trucks, cars, motorcycles and bikes) and/or pedestrians in specific areas or segments of the streets/roads of interest to reduce the energy consumption. The main contribution of this work is to design a low cost smart lighting system and, at same time, to define an IoT infrastructure where each lighting pole is an element of a network that can increase their amplitude. More generally, the proposed smart infrastructure can be viewed as the basis of a wider technological architecture aimed at offering value-added services for sustainable cities. The smart architecture combines various sub-systems (local controllers, motion sensors, video-cameras, weather sensors) and electronic devices, each of them in charge of performing specific operations: remote street segments lamp management, single street lamp brightness control, video processing for vehicles motion detection and classification, wireless and wired data exchanges, power consumptions analysis and traffic evaluation. Two pilot sites have been built up in the project where the smart architecture has been tested and validated in real scenarios. Experimental results show that energy savings of up to 80% are possible compared to a traditional street lamp system.

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Djufri, Idham A., and Miftah Muhammad. "Analisis Efesiensi Daya Penerangan Jalan Umum Tenaga Surya di Kecamatan Pulau Ternate." Journal of Science and Engineering 4, no. 1 (May 9, 2021): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.33387/josae.v4i1.3109.

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Solar Street Lighting a street lighting solution for areas or areas that are not within the PLN network area or for lighting efficiency using solar power. The use of public street lighting, although it has several advantages, there are still disadvantages in the field conditions, including the improper placement of the lighting so that it is blocked from sunlight, the use of inappropriate materials, unsuitable height of poles and lack of maintenance which results in not optimal utilization of solar energy. In this study, an analysis of the power efficiency of solar street lighting in the District of Ternate Island will be carried out by conducting direct observations and measurements in the field. The results showed that the maximum voltage for street lamps that were not blocked by trees was 23 volts, while those that were blocked by trees were 19 volts. The lighting strength of the street lights that are blocked by trees is 9 lux, while those that are not blocked by trees are 10 lux. The amount of input voltage for the solar panels affects the strength of the lamp lighting

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Keman, Mainita Hidayati, Robby Irvawan, Dodi Rahmat Setiawan, and Farahdiba Rizqi Rizqi. "Analysis of the Effectiveness of Earmarking Tax Policies for Street Lighting Taxes as an Effort to Provide Street Lighting in the Province of the Special Capital Region of Jakarta in 2018-2020." Ilomata International Journal of Tax and Accounting 3, no. 4 (October 31, 2022): 386–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.52728/ijtc.v3i4.583.

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The earmarking tax policy on street lighting tax is a policy of allocating funds from lighting tax revenues for the provision of public street lighting (PJU). The phenomenon in this study is the lack of number of PJU lamps in DKI Jakarta Province and delays in payment of electricity bills for PJU lamps due to budget refocusing to deal with the Covid-19 outbreak in Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of the earmarking tax policy on street lighting tax as an effort to provide street lighting in DKI Jakarta Province in 2018-2020, as well as obstacles and efforts related to the earmarking tax policy on street lighting tax. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach. The results of this study indicate the effectiveness of the earmarking tax policy on street lighting tax in DKI Jakarta Province in 2018-2020, based on Riant Nugroho's theory of effectiveness, namely the right policy, right implementation, right target, right environment, and right process has been running well and effectively. However, for society, the right target for installing PJU lamps is considered not effective enough where there are still unequal distribution of PJU lamps in DKI Jakarta Province. Then, based on the effectiveness of the allocation of street lighting tax funds for the provision of street lighting in 2018-2019, it is said to be effective where the allocation of these funds has exceeded 90%. However, in 2020 it is said to be ineffective because the allocation of these funds only reached 36%.

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Rabaza, Ovidio, Evaristo Molero-Mesa, Fernando Aznar-Dols, and Daniel Gómez-Lorente. "Experimental Study of the Levels of Street Lighting Using Aerial Imagery and Energy Efficiency Calculation." Sustainability 10, no. 12 (November 23, 2018): 4365. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124365.

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This article describes an innovative method for measuring lighting levels and other lighting parameters through the use of aerial imagery of towns and cities. Combined with electricity consumption data from smart electricity meters, it was possible to measure the energy efficiency of public lighting installations. The results of this study also confirmed that lighting measurements, installation material, luminaire position, and electricity consumption data can be easily integrated into geographic information systems (GIS). The main advantage of this new methodology is that it provides information about lighting installations in large areas in less time than more conventional procedures. It is thus a more effective way of obtaining the data required to calculate the energy efficiency of lighting levels and electricity consumption. There is even the possibility of generating street lighting maps that provide local administrations with up-to-date information regarding the status of public lighting installations in their city. In this way, modifications or improvements can be made to achieve greater energy savings and, if necessary, to correct the distribution or configuration of public lighting systems to make them more efficient and sustainable. This research studied levels of street lighting and calculated the energy efficiency in various streets of Deifontes (Granada), through the use of aerial imagery.

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Situmorang, Sinta Paulina, and Gideon Setyo Budiwitjaksono. "Analisis Efektivitas Pajak Penerangan Jalan Sebagai Sumber Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) Kota Surabaya Tahun 2019-2021." Journal of Economic, Bussines and Accounting (COSTING) 7, no. 1 (September 17, 2023): 1683–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.31539/costing.v7i1.6083.

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Street lighting tax is one of the local taxes that give a great degree contributes to increasing the original local revenue (PAD) of Surabaya City. This study aims to determine the level of effectiveness of the street lighting tax of Surabaya City from 2019 to 2021. This research was conducted at the Regional Revenue Agency (Bapenda) of Surabaya City. The research method used was a qualitative descriptive method, by analyzing data related to the target and realization of Surabaya’s street lighting tax from 2019 to 2021. The data collection used were documentation and interview. The results of the study show that the effectiveness of Surabaya’s street lighting tax in the period 2019 to 2021 has fluctuated. The average percentage of effectiveness from 2019 to 2021 is 96.89% with effective criteria. The effectiveness percentage for the street lighting tax in 2019 is 100.01% with very effective criteria. The percentage of effectiveness in 2020 is 100.17% with very effective criteria. The percentage of effectiveness in 2021 is 90.86% with enough effective criteria. Keywords: Effectiveness, Street Lighting Tax, Original Local Revenue

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Kurniadi and Alwi. "Governance of Street Lighting Provision in System Context, Driver, and Collaboration Dynamics Dimensions." Journal of Namibian Studies : History Politics Culture 33 (March 20, 2023): 4430–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.59670/jns.v33i.2528.

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Energy efficiency is currently a very popular topic because the world's need for energy continues to increase every year. Street lighting is one sector that has great potential to be targeted for energy efficiency. The use of energy-saving street lighting technology is not easy to realize, due to limited technical knowledge, namely, the components of street lighting do not meet the Indonesian National Standard. Meanwhile, non-technical problems are limited budgets in providing street lighting. If the procurement of street lighting is associated with government budget constraints, then it is not wrong for the provision to be handed over to businesses or private entities. In this study, researchers analyzed the process of collaborative governance and the Public-Private Partnership scheme in providing street lighting in the city of Bandung. This study uses a qualitative approach. Determination of the sample by using critical sampling. Data collection techniques by performing observation, interview, documentation tracing, and audiovisual while the operational design in this study uses an integrative framework for a collaborative governance approach, namely system contexts, drivers, and collaboratives dynamics.

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Hermanus Yosep Kader, Petrus Da Silva, and Elisabet Luju. "Analisis Efektivitas Dan Kontribusi Pajak Penerangan Jalan Dalam Meningkatkan Pendapatan Asli Daerah Di Kabupaten Sikka Tahun 2018-2022." Jurnal Ekonomi, Manajemen Pariwisata dan Perhotelan 2, no. 3 (September 28, 2023): 216–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.55606/jempper.v2i3.2126.

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This research was grounded on the issue of poor realization of local revenue in Sikka regency despite being supported by street lighting tax. Therefore, this study aimed to (1) determine the level of effectiveness of the street lighting tax. (2) to determine the level of contribution of street lighting in an effort to increase local revenue. The population in this study was the Regional Revenue Agency (BAPENDA) of Sikka regency. Data were collected through documentation and analysed using effectiveness analysis and contribution analysis methods. The result of this study indicated that the level of effectiveness of street lighting tax in 2018-2022 fluctuated with an average of 106,06% where these results fall into the highly effective category. In 2018-2020, the level of effectiveness revenue was in the highly effective category. Meanwhile, in 2021 and 2022, the level of effectiveness of street lighting tax was in the effective category. The contribution of street lighting tax in increasing regional own-source (PAD) in 2018-2022 fluctuated and was included in the very less category with an average percentage of 7.89%.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Street lighting'

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