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1
Harvey, Chester, and Lisa Aultman-Hall. "Urban Streetscape Design and Crash Severity." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2500, no. 1 (January 2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2500-01.
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Streetscape design is increasingly acknowledged as a tool for improving traffic safety and livability in urban settings. While traditional highway safety engineering promotes removing obstacles from and widening roadside clear zones to reduce collision potential, a contrasting framework proposes that smaller, more enclosed streetscapes may encourage slower, less risky driving and therefore improve both livability and safety. Such a strategy may have particular relevance along urban arterials, where large clear zones may be impractical because of complex adjacent land uses and where the promotion of livable spaces is an increasing focus. This study examined streetscape design and traffic safety in urban settings by assessing relationships between crash severity and streetscape design variables in New York City. A method based on a geographic information system was used for the precise capture of streetscape design measurements at the locations of more than 240,000 crashes. Logistic regression models indicated that crashes on smaller, more enclosed streetscapes were less likely to result in injury or death compared with those on larger, more open streetscapes. These results point to in-fill development and street tree planting as safety countermeasures that are consistent with additional livability goals such as walkability, high-quality design of the public realm, and provision of natural amenities.
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Tamiami Fachrudin, Hilma, Rahmi Karolina, Siti Hajar Binti Misnan, and Zhafira Hafiza Rangkuti. "Sustainable Streetscape Design Based on Functional Aspects Case Study: Medan City, Indonesia." E3S Web of Conferences 519 (2024): 03004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202451903004.
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Streets are an important part of a city. Streets provide city views and experiences for their users. Streetscape as a visual depiction of the urban environment can reflect the aesthetics of the urban area and improve urban visual quality. Streetscapes must be planned to provide spatial and visual comfort for pedestrians. Sustainable streetscapes can improve the quality of the environment by providing suitable paths for pedestrians and thus encouraging people to walk. Sustainable streetscape design is one of the determining factors for a city’s success. This research aims to analyze and produce sustainable streetscape designs based on functional aspects. This research uses qualitative methods with observational data collection. The functional aspects of the streetscape studied include pedestrian paths, building façades, street furniture, greenery, crossing paths, bicycle lanes, drainage, distance between buildings, and signage. The analysis was carried out descriptively. The research results show that sustainable streetscape design must be equipped with sidewalks, street furniture, greenery, lighting, bicycle lanes, interconnected sidewalks, a good drainage system, and signage arrangements.
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Harsritanto, Bangun IR. "Sustainable Streetscape Design Guideline based on Universal Design Principles." MATEC Web of Conferences 159 (2018): 01003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815901003.
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People access the streets to fulfill their daily demands regardless of their gender, age, and abilities. The streetscape is an urban public space which built to facilitate the basic needs of people as social beings. Universal design accommodates the wide range of human diversity in physical appearance, perception, cognitive abilities, body sizes, and shapes. By designing for this diversity, the streetscapes are becoming more user friendly, functional and sustainable. The purpose of this study is to suggest streetscape design guideline based on universal design principles for giving proper directions of sustainable streets development. Literatures study and cases study were used as research methods. The findings indicated that the new guideline based on universal design can be suggested to streetscapes design directions on many countries.
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Harvey, Chester, Lisa Aultman-Hall, Austin Troy, and Stephanie E. Hurley. "Streetscape skeleton measurement and classification." Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science 44, no. 4 (January 22, 2016): 668–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265813515624688.
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The scale and proportions of “streetscape skeletons,” the three-dimensional spaces of streets defined by the massing and arrangement of surrounding buildings, are theoretically relevant to the way human users perceive and behave. Nonetheless, the dominant ways of measuring and identifying streets emphasize vehicular service and functionality. Moreover, existing built environment-based classifications have focused on recommended forms rather than characterizing the full range of existing conditions that must be accounted for in policy and understanding of human–environment interactions. To work toward a better streetscape measurement and classification scheme, this study investigated how large numbers of streetscapes could be efficiently measured to evaluate design patterns across and between multiple cities. Using a novel GIS-based method, 12 streetscape skeleton variables were measured on more than 120,000 block-length streetscapes in three northeastern U.S. cities: Boston, MA, New York, NY, and Baltimore, MD. Logistic regression models based on these variables were unsuccessful at distinguishing between cities, confirming that the variables were similarly applicable to each city and that the cities had comparable streetscape skeleton identities. Cluster analyses were then used to identify four streetscape skeleton classes that were also consistent between cities: upright, compact, porous, and open. These classes were distinct from the widely used highway functional class system, reinforcing the distinction between streetscape design and roadway functionality and thus the importance of accounting for them separately. The streetscape skeleton classes provide a digestible yet objective system for identifying prevalent streetscape designs that are appropriate for urban policy design, advocacy, and urban systems research.
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Huang, Lu, Takuya Oki, Sachio Muto, and Yoshiki Ogawa. "Unveiling the Non-Linear Influence of Eye-Level Streetscape Factors on Walking Preference: Evidence from Tokyo." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 13, no. 4 (April 15, 2024): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi13040131.
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Promoting walking is crucial for sustainable development and fosters individual health and well-being. Therefore, comprehensive investigations of factors that make walking attractive are vital. Previous research has linked streetscapes at eye-level to walking preferences, which usually focuses on simple linear relationships, neglecting the complex non-linear dynamics. Additionally, the varied effects of streetscape factors across street segments and intersections and different street structures remain largely unexplored. To address these gaps, this study explores how eye-level streetscapes influence walking preferences in various street segments and intersections in Setagaya Ward, Tokyo. Using street view data, an image survey, and computer vision algorithms, we measured eye-level streetscape factors and walking preferences. The Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) model was then applied to analyze their non-linear relationships. This study identified key streetscape factors influencing walking preferences and uncovered non-linear trends within various factors, showcasing a variety of patterns, including upward, downward, and threshold effects. Moreover, our findings highlight the heterogeneity of the structural characteristics of street segments and intersections, which also impact the relationship between eye-level streetscapes and walking preferences. These insights can significantly inform decision-making in urban streetscape design, enhancing pedestrian perceptions.
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Ewing, Reid, Susan Handy, Ross C. Brownson, Otto Clemente, and Emily Winston. "Identifying and Measuring Urban Design Qualities Related to Walkability." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 3, s1 (February 2006): S223—S240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.3.s1.s223.
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Background:In active living research, measures used to characterize the built environment have been mostly gross qualities such as neighborhood density and park access. This project has developed operational definitions and measurement protocols for subtler urban design qualities believed to be related to walkability.Methods:Methods included: 1) recruiting an expert panel; 2) shooting video clips of streetscapes; 3) rating urban design qualities of streetscapes by the expert panel; 4) measuring physical features of streetscapes from the video clips; 5) testing inter-rater reliability of physical measurements and urban design quality ratings; 6) statistically analyzing relationships between physical features and urban design quality ratings, 7) selecting of qualities for operationalization, and 8) developing of operational definitions and measurement protocols for urban design qualities based on statistical relationships.Results:Operational definitions and measurement protocols were developed for five of nine urban design qualities: imageability, visual enclosure, human scale, transparency, and complexity.Conclusions:A field survey instrument has been developed, tested in the field, and further refined for use in active living research.
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Scheerlinck, Kris. "STREETSCAPE TERRITORIES AND THE CASE OF ADDIS ABABA." Journal of Research in Architecture and Planning 19, no. 2 (December 25, 2015): 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.53700/jrap1922015_2.
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Urban transformation is directly related to the planning, design and use of a series of urban infrastructures, from streets to highways, from pedestrian, bicycle, bus or train lines and their connecting transport hubs to rivers, canals or harbor facilities. They play an essential role in the transformation of the urban fabric. Recent societal changes, especially in developing countries, demanding higher mobility and urban interaction, influence the used planning and design strategies to transform or extend urbanized areas by planning or renewing these infrastructures. However, its relationship to the surrounding urban fabric, more specifically the collective spaces it constitutes at the level of the streetscape, is not always an initial or integral part of providing these infrastructures. In many cases, the urban fabric is wrapped around or fragmented by these infrastructural projects, causing scale contrasts and struggle to integrate within, generating processes of misappropriation or misuse. Especially in developing contexts, new infrastructures are often planned and built in a fast way, rarely considering the qualities of the existing urban fabric. During the last decades, research on planning and design models related to the building or integrating of urban infrastructures has been developed and tested via specialised disciplinary approaches to produce insights on the relationship urban infrastructures have with the surrounding urban fabric (Secchi, 2013; Hasan, et. al. 2010; Shannon and Smets, 2009; De Maulder, 2008; Hillier, 1996;). However, additional in-depth research is needed to achieve critical insights on the relationship of infrastructures and their direct environments, starting from their constituent streetscapes - considering the level of the street that defines the perception and use by the inhabitants at an intermediate scale. This paper focuses on an ongoing research project in Addis Ababa (Ethiopia), where different visions and models of urban growth are at stake (Figure 1). The recent increase of (foreign) investment in major infrastructures, changes the city's streetscapes drastically. This large scale and formal approach of installing high speed trains, Light Rail Transit's (LRT) or expanded highways and ring roads, to stimulate urban growth, contrasts with the daily routines of the proper citizens that move around by walking or by means of mini buses, both adding to the informal qualities of the city's streetscapes. Within this multi-centred capital, the location of built and planned housing projects, commercial centres, administrative or commercial high rises is studied in relation to the present infrastructural axes and questions models of proximity, accessibility and permeability. Keywords: Streetscapes, High Speed Trains, LRT, Addis Ababa, Infrastructure
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White, Marcus, Nano Langenheim, Tianyi Yang, and Jeni Paay. "Informing Streetscape Design with Citizen Perceptions of Safety and Place: An Immersive Virtual Environment E-Participation Method." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 2 (January 11, 2023): 1341. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021341.
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As our cities grow, it is important to develop policies and streetscape designs that provide pedestrians with safe comfortable walking conditions and acknowledge the challenges involved in making urban places feel liveable and safe while understanding the critical role of streets around busy destinations. To understand these challenges at a nuanced, human level, new methods of citizen engagement are needed. This paper outlines the development and application of a new citizen perception collection method, using immersive virtual environments (IVE), coupled with an interactive emoji affective activation-pleasure grid and digital slider elements, embedded within an online e-participation survey to quantify, and rank the impact of individual (single-variable) urban design elements and safe system treatments on pedestrians’ perceptions of safety and place. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of this method for providing detailed, interrogable, scalable citizen perception data of a variety of urban street design elements and safe system treatments, which allows a statistical analysis of responses and prioritization of the most effective pedestrian-oriented interventions for maintaining or enhancing street vibrancy and liveability. Our IVE e-participation approach is an important contribution to forming a better understanding of streetscapes and provides a valuable method for urban designers and transport planners to prioritise different streetscape place and safety approaches.
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Shao, Yuhan, Yuting Yin, and Dongbo Ma. "Evaluating the Equity of Urban Streetscapes in Promoting Human Health—Taking Shanghai Inner City as an Example." Land 13, no. 1 (December 31, 2023): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land13010048.
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Environmental justice research largely focuses on the allocation of public resources in terms of quantified distribution and accessibility. This study suggests that the quality of landscape equity, an important urban resource, should be evaluated as it typically appears as a combination of elements. This brings another perspective to the attention of landscape equity in addition to the provision equity: the equity in the quality and level of provision. From this perspective, this study explores the equitable role of streetscape qualities in promoting human physical, mental, and social health. Using street view images, questionnaires, artificial intelligence-based image analysis, geographic information system-based cluster analysis, and correlational analysis, the spatial distribution of health promotion streetscapes and health-influential streetscape elements were presented and compared within the scope of the Shanghai Outer Ring Road. The results disclosed an uneven distribution of streetscapes that can promote human health within research sites. Streets with poor health ratings are concentrated in the Huangpu, Hongkou, and Yangpu districts, primarily in the western part of Shanghai around Shanghai Railway Station, People’s Square, and Yuyuan Garden, where the old city centre is located. Compared with the distribution of health-influential elements, less healthy streets are more likely to be accompanied by low visibility of ‘vegetation’ and a high proportion of ‘buildings’. Streetscape design implications were then discussed in terms of providing people with equal health opportunities. Research outcomes inspired an essential quality perspective in health equity research, and it can be especially helpful when the provision and accessibility can hardly be moderated in high-density cities.
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G. T, Tee, Aminuddin A.M.R, Sarly A.S, and Mohmad Shukri S. "Sustainable Architecture in the Urban Studies on Walkability in Public Housing." Journal of Design and Built Environment 22, no. 2 (August 31, 2022): 62–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/jdbe.vol22no2.5.
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This research aims to observe the existing streetscapes feature related to walkability in the area of The People’s Housing Program in Kerinchi which serves as part of the Government Program for the resettlement of squatters and to fulfill the shelter needs of the low-income group (bottom 40%) in Malaysia. The stakeholder’s perception of the effectiveness of the existing streetscape feature will be collected and analyzed.The study employs a quantitative approach, data collection is done via on-site study and survey questionnaires. Streetscape features were analyzed from four criteria – enjoyment, safety, comfort, and accessibility. This study identified most of the respondents will spend less time walking due to lacking enjoyment (55.33%), exposed physical safety (42.30%), poor sanitation and street maintenance (54.36%),and poor walkability design for special-needs people (53.60%). The outcome of the research findings suggests several methods in improving walkability by enhancing the walking environment and facilities, implementation of the pedestrian-only zone, congestion pricing, and more active participation by governing bodies.
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Furchtlehner, Jürgen, Daniela Lehner, and Lilli Lička. "Sustainable Streetscapes: Design Approaches and Examples of Viennese Practice." Sustainability 14, no. 2 (January 15, 2022): 961. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14020961.
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Streets are ubiquitous and cater to various functions in a city. However, today most streets are unilaterally used and designed likewise. Car-centred spatial distribution is currently being questioned in the course of urban densification and in light of climate and ecological challenges. The presented work focuses on a multi-layered transformation of streetscapes towards a multi-purpose social and ecological space, which goes beyond a mere redistribution of space and functions. This paper draws from the results of an interdisciplinary research project headed by the Institute of Landscape Architecture (University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna). The Viennese situation is aligned with international trends. The research includes comparative analysis of streetscapes in Vienna and comparable cities, literature reviews, collaborative workshops and qualitative interviews. As a result, progressive layout specifications and quality aspects for future streets are proposed and presented in extracts. Furthermore, the goal of green space social equity is linked. The paper concludes by arguing for comprehensive consideration and redesign of streetscapes as one promising puzzle to counteract the evident challenges of climate change in urban settings. Its range reaches from small scale microclimatic improvements up to citywide provision of accessible, useable, ecologically sound and sustainable public space with new standards for streets as potential backbone.
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Guise, Richard. "Community and streetscapes: the art of urban design revisited." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Urban Design and Planning 168, no. 1 (February 2015): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/udap.13.00039.
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Kawazoe, Yoshiyuki, and Hiroyuki Tanabe. "Acoustic Analysis for Urban Design Evaluation." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 268, no. 8 (November 30, 2023): 174–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in_2023_0043.
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Japanese townscapes have changed historically, and those changes have been inherited as distinctive streetscapes in various districts. This is a study that analyzes the characteristics of landscapes in each district based not on visual characteristics but on acoustic characteristics. Specifically, we analyzed the characteristics of each reverberation time and frequency in areas with historical landscapes such as Tsukishima and Nippori in Tokyo. We were able to grasp the finishing materials and architectural forms as acoustics, and were able to capture the characteristics of the street spaces in each city. We were able to verify the possibility as a method for evaluating urban design.
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Zheng, Ying, Qiyao Han, and Greg Keeffe. "An Evaluation of Different Landscape Design Scenarios to Improve Outdoor Thermal Comfort in Shenzhen." Land 13, no. 1 (January 6, 2024): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land13010065.
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The pivotal role of urban greening in landscape design for mitigating climate change and enhancing the thermal environment is widely known. However, numerous evaluations of outdoor thermal comfort are seldom applied within the realm of landscape design scenarios. This study explores the relationship between street design and urban microclimate, aiming to propose a range of design strategies that can significantly improve thermal comfort within the street environment in Shenzhen, China. These design strategies hold immense potential for urban greening implementation and provide valuable insights to enhance the overall thermal quality of streetscapes in subtropical cities. The study employs landscape design and environmental simulation methods to evaluate the different design scenarios for the streetscape. The landscape design encompasses three scenarios with revised interventions: 1. the incorporation of building greening and enhanced pavement material albedo; 2. the introduction of trees and grass at the ground level; and 3. a combination of scenarios 1 and 2. Environmental simulations are utilized to assess the effectiveness of each design scenario. The findings reveal that increasing urban vegetation leads to a reduction in urban heat and significantly improves outdoor thermal comfort. Moreover, the incorporation of shade-providing trees proves to be more efficacious than employing vertical greening in alleviating outdoor thermal discomfort.
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Hoa, Ta Quynh, and Pham Thuy Loan. "Urban design process with community participation for streetscapes in Hanoi." Journal of Science and Technology in Civil Engineering (STCE) - NUCE 12, no. 3 (April 30, 2018): 74–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.31814/stce.nuce2018-12(3)-08.
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"Urban design" and "community participation" are two topics that attract attention of the professionals and the society in these recent years in Vietnam. However, these topics are not studied and piloted thoroughly enough to have effective urban design process with community involvements in each step of the process. The new content of this research is to use 'road space' and 'streetscape' in Hanoi as a specific object to combine the two topics of 'urban design' and "community participation" into a formative process in which steps, contents of each step, technique and toolkits are proposed in detail.
Article history: Received 16 March 2018, Revised 27 March 2018, Accepted 27 April 2018
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Xie, Jun, and Dandan Wang. "Street Landscape Planning and Design Guided by Artificial Intelligence Interactive Experience." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2022 (August 23, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3146637.
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As an important part of the city, urban streets have always played an active role in carrying public needs and optimizing public living spaces. They are also important to open public spaces in the city. In addition, with technology integration and life, the interactive experience of artificial intelligence (AI) in Street View is gradually increasing. A streetscape planning and design method based on AI interactive experience is proposed. CSiXRevit 2022 software builds street simulation models for better street planning and design. Street digital imaging technology is used to analyze the original streetscape. Landscape features are integrated with the street model. Based on intelligent technology, urban landscape design is studied, and AI interactive experience is analyzed. Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and AI technology evaluate the effect of landscape design. Firstly, AHP is used to construct the evaluation index system of the rural landscape design effect, and the index weight is determined. Back propagation neural network (BPNN) is used to construct an evaluation model of landscape design effect. Three indexes of target, project, and indicator layer are used to evaluate the effect of rural landscape design. The results show that (1) the variety and richness of streetscapes in the survey area should be increased. Interactive buildings should be placed on the street. (2) The comprehensive evaluation score of the street landscape is 0.60, and the design effect is excellent. The comprehensive evaluation values of the three project layers are 0.65, 0.48, and 0.67, respectively. The data show that the carrying capacity index of the study area is the best, and the vitality index is the weakest. Therefore, when designing the street landscape, the economic development has been strengthened by attracting investment, introducing large-scale exhibition shops, increasing street income, strengthening the construction of street public facilities, and paying attention to the public street experience. This work can provide references for related streetscape designs.
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Askari, Amir Hossein, and Soha Soltani. "THE ROLE OF PHYSICAL AND VISUAL ELEMENTS IN CREATING STREETSCAPES: CASES IN KUALA LUMPUR CITY, MALAYSIA." ALAM CIPTA International Journal Of Sustainable Tropical Design & Practice 2, no. 15 (December 31, 2022): 64–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.47836/ac.15.2.paper07.
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Evaluating the role of physical elements in creating visually pleasing streetscapes has not been deeply addressed in recent research flow, especially for the context of Kuala Lumpur City. The gap is also accentuated by Kuala Lumpur City Hall as disharmony and inconsistency in streetscapes and lacking visual coherence in most streets in Kuala Lumpur. Therefore, the current paper seeks to evaluate the role of physical and visual elements in creating visually pleasing streetscapes of Bukit Bintang and Tuanku Abdul Rahman using a self-administered questionnaire survey. The respondents of the study comprise 330 passers-by aging from 18 to 50 years old, who visit the streets, reside, or work there. The results demonstrate that transparency, the quality that makes the function of a building visually accessible, and seating places play the most and the least important role in creating streetscapes in the study areas respectively. Comparison of the results in two streets highlights that harmony between and consistency in the facades of modern and traditional buildings, simplicity in design elements of facades, inviting building entrances, and covered walkways contribute to creating attractive streetscapes. Overall, the findings build foundations for restoring the visual coherence, which results in resilient streetscapes in cities.
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Kuceruka, Alisa, and Zanda Peneze. "The impact of outdoor signage on the streetscapes of Old Riga." Folia Geographica XIX (December 21, 2021): 103–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/fg.19.10.
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Visual pollution caused by insufficiently considered usage of outdoor signage in urban areas can negatively influence the visual quality of public outdoor space. Like other urban areas, Riga is exposed to the risk of this type of visual pollution. As Old Riga is included on the UNESCO World Heritage List, it is important to keep it clean from such contamination. So far, no in-depth research on visual pollution in Old Riga has been carried out. Therefore, the aim of our study was to explore and assess the occurrence and impact of outdoor signage in the main shopping streetscapes of Old Riga. The study was based on spatial preference and observation, street colour photomontages, on sociological investigation methods and on analysis of regulatory and planning documents. The studies showed that the existing outdoor signage on the facades of the buildings of Old Riga causes visual pollution, which, in its turn, negatively affects the appearance of historical monuments and buildings and lowers the visual quality of public outdoor space. The development of appropriate design guidelines or a design code containing specifications for outdoor signage, windows, facades and their elements and design would promote the development of aesthetically consistent, expressive and high-quality urban space.
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Adeel, Ahmad, Bruno Notteboom, Ansar Yasar, Kris Scheerlinck, and Jeroen Stevens. "Sustainable Streetscape and Built Environment Designs around BRT Stations: A Stated Choice Experiment Using 3D Visualizations." Sustainability 13, no. 12 (June 9, 2021): 6594. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13126594.
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The incompatibility between the microscale-built environment designs around mass transit stations and stakeholders’ preferences causes dissatisfaction and inconvenience. The lack of a pedestrian-friendly environment, uncontrolled development patterns, traffic and parking issues make the street life vulnerable and unattractive for users, and affect the mass transit usage. How to design the streetscapes around mass transit stations to provide a user-friendly street environment is a crucial question to achieve sustainable transit-oriented development goals. To recognize the specific attributes of streetscape environment relevant in local context of BRT Lahore, this paper presents the results of a visual preference experiment in which nine attributes of built environment were systematically varied across choice sets. Multinomial logit models were set up to identify the preferences of three target groups: BRT users, commercial building users and residents at different locations. The research indicates that not only the road-related factors (bike lane and sidewalk widths, crossings facilities, street greenery) have a significant influence on people’s preference but also that building heights, and the typology of buildings and housing projects around BRT corridor have shaped these preferences. When planning and designing urban design projects around mass transit projects, these significant attributes should be considered.
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Fritsch, Jonas, and Marie Stavning Thomsen. "An Ethology of Urban Fabric(s)." A Peer-Reviewed Journal About 3, no. 1 (June 1, 2014): 96–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/aprja.v3i1.116090.
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With this piece, we wish to open up a patch- work of relational thinking of the ethology of urban fabric(s) from a post-digital perspective. The semantic of the urban fabric normally denotes the “physical aspect of urbanism, emphasizing building types, thoroughfares, open space, frontages, and streetscapes but excluding (the) environmental, functional, economic and sociocultural [...]” (Wikipedia), from an ideal top-down perspective (see e.g. Bricoleur Urbanism). Here, however, we would like to explore a non-metaphorical understanding of urban fabric(s), shifting the attention from a bird’s eye perspective to the actual, textural manifestations of a variety of urban fabric(s) to be studied in their real, processual, ecological and ethological complexity within urban life. We effectuate this move by bringing into resonance a range of intersecting fields that all deal with urban fabric(s) in complementary ways (interaction design and urban design activism, fashion, cultural theory, philosophy, urban computing).
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Bereitschaft, Bradley. "Equity in Microscale Urban Design and Walkability: A Photographic Survey of Six Pittsburgh Streetscapes." Sustainability 9, no. 7 (July 13, 2017): 1233. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su9071233.
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Hussein, Dheyaa, Somwrita Sarkar, and Peter Armstrong. "Mapping preferences for the number of built elements." Smart and Sustainable Built Environment 7, no. 1 (April 3, 2018): 53–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sasbe-10-2017-0048.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between the number of design elements in the context of building facades in urban streetscapes and visual preferences of users to enable a more meaningful citizen participation in the design of local streetscapes. Design/methodology/approach This paper developed a web application, which manages experiments through programmatically creating scenes and displaying them online to participants using questionnaires. It collects preferences towards the number of design elements in the scenes and determines the statistical relationship between them. Findings The results offer an empirical description of a semi-convex relationship between the number of elements and preferences. They confirm that participants from a particular area inter-subjectively agree in their visual judgements towards the number of design elements, and justify the employment of a regression model fitted on the preferences of residents to assess design proposal in their area. Originality/value The paper offers an empirical description of the relationships between preferences and a wide range of values of the number of design elements and empirically supports that people from one area inter-subjectively agree in their judgements towards a visual aspect of the building facades. The study introduces a new analytical component, known as the vertex, which could alter future methods on the visual evaluation of the built environment.
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Gabor, Anna, Florian Reinwald, and Doris Damyanovic. "Methodological Framework for Fostering the Implementation of Climate-Responsive Public Spaces and Streetscapes to Support Multifunctional Design." Sustainability 15, no. 4 (February 18, 2023): 3775. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15043775.
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The ongoing effect of climate change heating up urban areas is forcing cities to exploit the adaptation potential of their public open spaces. Streets and squares are important urban open spaces that can contribute to climate change adaptation through the targeted application of individual measures. In order to ensure the effective and appropriate application of climate-relevant measures for the public good, the city of Vienna relies on the development of a guideline that focuses on measures from the field of urban green and blue infrastructure (UGBI) (and a few technical measures (TM)) in the urban open space. In the future, this guideline will make it easier for city employees to select appropriate measures. In the context of an applied research project, existing and possible measures in Vienna were collected, examined, and assessed for their climate, ecological, and social sustainability based on the concept of ecosystem services (ES). The challenge here is to capture this broad topic of sustainability and climate change and to draw on a broad spectrum of knowledge from science and research, as well as directly from practice. The result is a methodological framework that can be used by other cities as a basis for the development of individual guidelines to foster climate-relevant measures and a critical analysis of the use of co-creation in the development of the framework.
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Pafka, Elek, Kim Dovey, and Gideon DPA Aschwanden. "Limits of space syntax for urban design: Axiality, scale and sinuosity." Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science 47, no. 3 (July 11, 2018): 508–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2399808318786512.
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Space syntax analysis of the city as a movement economy has made major contributions to our understanding of the spatial structure of cities, particularly the importance of a mapping of network integration in relation to density, functional mix and streetlife vitality. It has focused attention of urban researchers onto the importance of the relations between the sociality and spatiality of the city. The primary methods of syntactic analysis involve a reduction of urban morphology to a set of spatial axes; here, we explore some limits to such analysis for urban design. Topological analysis of axial models has long recognized problems in accounting for distance, scale and sinuous streetscapes. Existing adaptations to axial methods that address such problems are modelled and shown to produce a broad range of results for the same urban morphology. In each case, we also compare different capacities for to-movement and through-movement – the distinction between ‘closeness centrality’ and ‘betweenness centrality’ that shows that network integration is multiple. We argue that axial analyses privilege visibility over accessibility and can produce distorted mapping at walkable scales; only one of the methods tested measures permeability and walkable access. Space syntax analysis is a powerful tool that will be more useful the better such limits are understood.
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Parmar, Manoj, and Binti Singh. "Integrating Design and Planning in Informal Settlements." Academic Research Community publication 3, no. 3 (May 5, 2019): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21625/archive.v3i3.521.
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Informal settlements are often not included in the development plan of cities. Urban planning has increasingly been less concerned about provision of basic infrastructure and services to vulnerable communities living and working in informal conditions. Increasing official apathy pose major challenges to achieving the globally accepted goal of inclusive urbanization as envisaged in Sustainable Development Goals / SDGs.. Goal 11 that aims at creating Safe, resilient, inclusive and sustainable cities will remain distant until we factor in the informal living and working conditions into our current urban planning narrative.GazdharBandh is a Notified Slum by Slum Redevelopment Authority (SRA) of MMRDA (Maharashtra Metropolitan Region Development Authority). The slum pocket is located in western suburb of Santacruz west, Mumbai. Gazdhar Bandh shows high density informal housing within the “no development zone” as per the development plan 2034, in estuary conditions that is vulnerable to recurrent floods.Slum upgradation faces multiple challenges with the complex interplay of local diversities, relocation and livelihood concerns. Using the case study of Gazdar Bandh slum, we examine how community responses to housing and other design strategies like public spaces, streetscapes, and makeshift spaces as immediate responses can go a long way to build long term resilience and factored into the broader city level planning narrative. The findings broadly examine the question: How can urban planning and design embrace uncertainty and concludes with an operational framework drawing on participatory planning and good urban place engaging multiple stakeholders.
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Humphris, Adrian. "Architectural design in 1890s Wellington cityscapes." Architectural History Aotearoa 20 (December 4, 2023): 120–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/aha.v20.8719.
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In the absence of landscape architecture as a profession the aggregation and location of architects (and local authority engineers) directly impacted cityscapes where they practiced. As well as the built environment other factors were significant in shaping the cityscape, such as the distribution of population growth, regulation of subdivision and road construction, and land sale practices of the time. The late nineteenth century was a period over which the architectural profession was beginning to consolidate. While still lacking formal structure and regulation, meaning the individuals involved possessed a range of experience, knowledge and ability, architects increasingly became professional office workers with well-staffed offices capitalising on the demand for construction. Using Wellington as a case study, this paper uses local authority building permit records and other sources to determine the location and patterns of architecturally-designed dwellings in the city's streetscapes. Findings suggest that architect's impact on the urban form varied considerably across the city.
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Bacevice, Peter. "The Consumerization of Work in the Modern City: Storefronts, Coworking, and the Convergence of Production and Consumption." Built Environment 48, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 104–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2148/benv.48.1.104.
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The use and reuse of urban storefront spaces provide a lens into the economic activities of neighbourhoods and cities. As a spatial typology, the urban storefront has adapted to economic change and accommodated new uses over time. Coworking has emerged as a legitimate social architecture of the new economy, and coworking spaces have increasingly layered themselves into the physical architecture of the storefronts and streetscapes of major cities. This article contextualizes the coworking space along the historic trajectory of the urban storefront and draws from speci fic examples of street-level coworking spaces in New York City developed through exploratory case study methods. The main argument is that by situating coworking space at street level, work has become an increasingly consumerized experience that is marketed and sold like other goods and services. This trend off ers an alternative to retail use, thus providing an opportunity to rebalance the mix of uses in neighbourhoods and cities. The article concludes with re flections to inform planning and design.
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Mejias, Luis, and Elizabeth Deakin. "Redevelopment and Revitalization along Urban Arterials." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1902, no. 1 (January 2005): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105190200104.
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Urban arterials are both promising and problematic locations for infill development and urban revitalization. San Pablo Avenue, a multilane urban arterial traversing nine cities and two counties along the eastern shore of San Francisco Bay in California, is considered here. The road developed over a long period: first as a streetcar line, then as an intercity automobile route, and most recently as a subregional traffic and transit route. Land uses from each of these transportation eras are still present along the avenue and range from neighborhood retail to automobile-oriented strip development. Recent transit service improvements and a strong housing market are leading to new developer interest in San Pablo Avenue. Findings are reported from interviews with 11 developers who recently built infill housing and mixed-use projects on or near the arterial. Developers see San Pablo Avenue's accessibility as a major asset but view transit services as a bonus instead of a necessity; transit availability allows developers to argue for reduced transportation impact fees and reduced parking requirements. Other aspects of the arterial's design, including high speeds and unattractive streetscapes, are problematic, as are zoning ordinances that require high parking ratios, large setbacks, and lengthy, discretionary approval processes. Small land parcels, incompatible adjacent uses, and high development costs are also drawbacks but, with creative development, are manageable. Local governments could provide incentives for private development along arterials such as San Pablo Avenue by improving street designs, reducing parking requirements, and updating zoning codes and approval processes.
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Yue Liu. "Graph Neural Networks optimized with Gazelle Optimization Algorithm for Urban Plantscape Design Based on Large-scale Street View." Journal of Electrical Systems 20, no. 3s (April 4, 2024): 2561–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.52783/jes.3154.
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The center of human activity and a key point of contact for social interaction between city people and the built environment is the street. With more street-level photos becoming available, urban landscape studies have more chances to examine and evaluate streetscapes closely and from various angles. This manuscript present the graph neural networks (GNN) optimized with gazelle optimization algorithm (GOA) for urban plants cape design based on large-scale street view (UPLS-GNN-GOA). Initially data is taken from ADE20K dataset. Afterward the data is fed to General Robust Subband Adaptive Filtering (GRSAF) based pre-processing process. The pre-processing output is given to Discrete Fractional Fourier Transforms (DFrFT) to extract the street greenery and openness of street canyons. After that, the extracted features are fed to Graph Neural Networks (GNN) to classify the public health, urban microclimate, human perception. The weight parameters of the GNN are optimized using Gazelle Optimization Algorithm (GOA).The UPLS-GNN-GOA method is implemented in Python, and its efficiency is determined using a series of performance evaluation metrics analysis, including accuracy, precision, recall, f1-score, and sensitivity. The proposed UPLS-GNN-GOA method shows the highest accuracy of 98%, precision of 98%, and F1-score of 97% while comparing other existing methods such as urban plantscape design based on convolutional neural network (UPLS-CNN), urban plantscape design based on deep convolutional neural network (UPLS-DCNN) and urban plantscape design based on deep learning and convolutional neural network (UPLS-DL-CNN) respectively.
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Inoue, T., R. Manabe, A. Murayama, and H. Koizumi. "THE EFFECT OF CULTURE-SPECIFIC DIFFERENCES IN URBAN STREETSCAPES ON THE INFERENCE ACCURACY OF DEEP LEARNING MODELS." ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences X-4/W3-2022 (October 14, 2022): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-x-4-w3-2022-73-2022.
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Abstract. Owing to the increasing focus on places in urban planning and design, methods to evaluate the quality and value of urban places is crucially needed. Many studies use deep learning models to identify the proportion and composition of landscape elements in images for evaluation. The accuracy of semantic segmentation achieved with such models is often validated using Cityscapes, a street-level image dataset taken from German cities. However, few studies have quantitatively revealed the inference accuracy decrease caused by culture-specific characteristics of streetscapes.In this study, we calculated by-class intersection over union (IoU) and newly-defined indices of false inferences to demonstrate how and to what extent deep learning models can infer each landscape element falsely when applied to Japanese street-level images. Our analysis revealed that certain landscape elements are more difficult to infer correctly based on specific causes, such as their appearances in images and unique characteristics of the fixed physical configuration of Japanese streets. By applying the false inference categorization framework presented in this study, researchers can adjust their approaches considering two aspects: a decrease in inference accuracies of deep learning models and the impact of culture-specific characteristics of streetscapes on people's perception and valuation of urban places. Based on the results and analyses, a future research direction is to develop and implement more accurate image recognition models considering culture-specific characteristics to understand people's perceptions of urban spaces and assess the value of urban places by using the big data including street-level images.
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Portella, Adriana Araujo. "THE EFFECTS OF COMMERCIAL SIGNS ON USER'S SENSE OF VISUAL QUALITY IN HISTORIC CITY CENTRES OF DIFFERENT URBAN CONTEXTS." Journal of Research in Architecture & Planning 06, no. 01 (December 30, 2007): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.53700/jrap0612007_1.
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This paper focuses on the relationship between visual quality of the built environment and commercial signage in historic city centres. It identifies the physical aspects of commercial signs and buildings that should be taken in account in the development of a general approach to control commercial signs in historic city centres of different urban contexts. This study suggests that while some visual preferences are influenced by users’ urban contexts, others can be universal and applied to define general urban design principles. This study explores whether user perception and evaluation of the number of commercial signs and the percentage of building facade coverage by these media has some influence on (i) user satisfaction with commercial street facades, (ii) user perception and evaluation of order, colour variation and complexity, and (iii) user feeling of pleasure and interest in relation to the appearance of commercial streetscapes in historic city centres. The findings (i) show that there are common visual preferences among users from different countries, and (ii) suggest that these can be applied to develop a general approach to control commercial signs in historic city centres. Keyword: Visual quality; commercial signage; historic city centre; user perception and evaluation.
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Masterman, Victoria, and Lauren Heritage-Brand. "Urban Oasis: an integrated water shelter and city-scape beacon." Journal of Public Space 2, no. 1 (May 1, 2017): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/jps.v2i1.56.
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<p>Urban densification and a global shift towards the creation of walkable neighbourhoods have generated demand for more sustainable transport models and supporting infrastructure. Transforming streetscapes from car dominated spaces to places for people. A review of public space allocation in streets demonstrates the need to re-prioritise and re-organise streets to provide improved infrastructure to meet present and future demands on transport corridors.<br />This paper proposes the creation of, an integrated design solution in the form of an urban 'Oasis' that provides a network of on street facilities for cyclists and pedestrians. Planning the network of ‘Oasis’ is informed by the principal of Link and Place creating a visual balance between vehicles and other street users while promoting sustainable ideologies. The 'Oasis' presents itself as a multi-purpose drink station, bus shelter, public seating area, bike rack, public art piece and environmental education tool that, at its core functionality, captures, stores and purifies rainwater so that commuters can park, rest and access water after a walk or ride to the station.<br />The paper explores available technologies and a range of modular adaptable designs to suit various urban landscapes. An integrated network of ‘Oasis’ transforms the street combining furniture combining cycling and pedestrian facilities, comfort and user friendliness, in a unique and attractive form. The development of the Oasis, draws on a range of fields including urban planning and design, landscape architecture, natural resource management, urban water engineering, digital communications and technologies and the visual arts.<br />This research demonstrates the potential flow-on benefits of the Oasis including improved road safety, increased patronage on public transport, increase in cycling, improved natural resource education and management, improved sense of place and foster community building.</p>
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Zhu, Jiawei, Bo Li, Hao Ouyang, Yuhan Wang, and Ziyue Bai. "Understanding Urban Residents’ Walking Exercise Preferences: An Empirical Study Using Street View Images and Trajectory Data." Buildings 14, no. 2 (February 19, 2024): 549. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings14020549.
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Walking exercise is a prevalent physical activity in urban areas, with streetscapes playing a significant role in shaping preferences. Understanding this influence is essential for creating urban environments conducive to walking exercise and improving residents’ quality of life. In this study, we utilize scenic beauty estimation and deep learning methods, leveraging street view images and walking exercise trajectories to analyze this influence from a human-centric perspective. We begin by generating sampling points along streets covered by trajectories and acquiring street view images. Subsequently, we apply a deep learning model to segment the images, yielding six visual indicators. Additionally, we use scenic beauty estimation to derive the seventh visual indicator. Finally, we match these indicators with trajectory data to implement preference analysis. The main findings are: (1) preferences for walking and running exercises differ on multiple indicators; (2) there are gender distinctions, with males preferring openness and females prioritizing enclosed spaces; (3) age plays a role, with those aged 30–40 preferring openness and those aged 40–50 preferring enclosed spaces; (4) preferences for different indicators vary over time and across different locations. These insights can inform policymakers in tailoring urban planning and design to specific population segments and promoting sustainable residential landscapes.
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Paolinelli, Gabriele, and Lorenza Fortuna. "Turning Urban Streets from Infrastructures into Living Places Early Research Outcomes of a Case Study in Prato, Tuscany." International Journal of Environmental Science & Sustainable Development 7, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 01. http://dx.doi.org/10.21625/essd.v7i1.862.
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In the second half of the twentieth century urban landscapes were affected by heavy infrastructural development. With regard to streets, managing the growing fluidity and speed of motor vehicle flows has been a priority for most designers. Nowadays there are multiple driving forces behind a transition that could accommodate different uses within the streets, primarily the cultural, social and economic exchanges that streets faciliated in the past but that have been lost over time. In the spreading practice called “shared street” most signage and traffic lights can be removed to permit the self-regulated and spontaneous circulation of all users and vehicles. This paradigm is discussed with regard to its potential to strengthen urban landscape identity, ensuring accessibility, redefining uses and practices within the street, reducing injuries and misbehaviour, and offering real and perceived safety to all users. “Back to the street” is an ongoing design research project dealing with integration strategies for different kinds of urban streetscapes. Which design features are necessary to encourage a change in attitude, speed and hierarchy for street users? How can these features positively affect urban landscapes in general and the liveability of streets first and foremost? The research attempts to answer these questions by considering street design as a means of triggering the effective enhancement of urban public spaces. The paper is based on the case study of Via San Paolo in Prato (Tuscany) and presents a set of quality requirements for street design such as plant integration, water drainage, and comfortable paths for both cyclists and pedestrians. As the design for separate flows cannot fulfill all the quality features in Via San Paolo, mostly due to its varying width, it is assumed that the “shared street” can replace it in order to enhance community life within the streets while promoting local sustainable mobility. The research examines two options: sharing the street in narrow stretches or along its whole length. A preliminary comparison is proposed to discuss the earlier research outcomes.
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Lee, Jiyun, Donghyun Kim, and Jina Park. "A Machine Learning and Computer Vision Study of the Environmental Characteristics of Streetscapes That Affect Pedestrian Satisfaction." Sustainability 14, no. 9 (May 9, 2022): 5730. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14095730.
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Pedestrian-friendly cities are a recent global trend due to the various urbanization problems. Since humans are greatly influenced by sight while walking, this study identified the physical and visual characteristics of the street environment that affect pedestrian satisfaction. In this study, vast amounts of visual data were collected and analyzed using computer vision techniques. Furthermore, these data were analyzed through a machine learning prediction model and SHAP algorithm. As a result, every visual feature of the streetscape, for example, the visible area and urban design quality, had a greater effect on pedestrian satisfaction than any physical features. Therefore, to build a street with high pedestrian satisfaction, the perspective of pedestrians must be considered, and wide sidewalks, fewer lanes, and the proper arrangement of street furniture are required. In conclusion, visually, low enclosure, adequate complexity, and large green areas combine to create a highly satisfying pedestrian walkway. Through this study, we could suggest an approach from a visual perspective for the pedestrian environment of the street and see the possibility of using computer vision techniques.
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赵, 一丹. "Research on Urban Streetscape Design from an Ecological Perspective." Design 09, no. 03 (2024): 552–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/design.2024.93353.
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Hardie, Mary, Melvyn Green, and Yaping He. "Fire and heritage protection in Australian public housing." Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development 4, no. 2 (November 17, 2014): 196–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jchmsd-08-2013-0040.
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Purpose – Heritage housing in inner city areas represents a valuable cultural asset that belongs, in part, to the community as a whole. Despite this, the risk of destruction by fire in closely spaced heritage housing has not received a great deal of research attention. The purpose of this paper is to identify potential faults in building fabric that may result in unacceptable fire safety risks to irreplaceable heritage streetscapes. Design/methodology/approach – This paper examines a sample of publically administered heritage houses in inner Sydney. A condition survey looks at the occurrence of noted defects, or non-compliances to the current building regulations, in fire separation between attached or closely spaced occupancies. Findings – Fire spread between adjacent buildings is identified as a potential hazard which needs to be addressed in order to ensure both the sustainability of the remaining heritage housing stock and the safety of the occupants. Research limitations/implications – While the survey is small, it represents a significant proportion of a dwindling stock of nineteenth century heritage housing in public ownership in Sydney. Practical implications – Based on the results of the survey, a recommendation has been made in regard to improving building surveying practice when dealing with renovation of heritage housing. Social implications – Concern over the diminishing availability of social housing in inner city locations indicates the need for more attention to the fire safety of the remaining stock. Originality/value – The research provides original data on the level of fire safety risk in a regional cluster of heritage housing.
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Guan, L., Y. Ding, J. Ge, H. Yang, X. Feng, and P. Chen. "THE RESEARCH AND EVALUATION OF ROAD ENVIRONMENT IN THE BLOCK OF CITY BASED ON 3-D STREETSCAPE DATA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3 (April 30, 2018): 417–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-417-2018.
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This paper focus on the problem of the street environment of block unit, based on making clear the acquisition mode and characteristics of 3D streetscape data，the paper designs the assessment model of regional block unit based on 3D streetscape data. The 3D streetscape data with the aid of oblique photogrammetry surveying and mobile equipment，will greatly improve the efficiency and accuracy of urban regional assessment, and expand the assessment scope. Based on the latest urban regional assessment model, with the street environment assessment model of the current situation, this paper analyzes the street form and street environment assessment of current situation in the typical area of Beijing. Through the street environment assessment of block unit, we found that in the megacity street environment assessment model of block unit based on 3D streetscape data has greatly help to improve the assessment efficiency and accuracy. At the same time, motor vehicle lane, green shade deficiency, bad railings and street lost situation is still very serious in Beijing, the street environment improvement of the block unit is still a heavy task. The research results will provide data support for urban fine management and urban design, and provide a solid foundation for the improvement of city image.
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Lynch, A. Jasmyn J. "The ‘Bush Capital’—A Review of 100+ Years of Integrative Spatio-Temporal Planning for a City in the Landscape and Nature in the City." Land 11, no. 2 (January 21, 2022): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11020169.
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Over approximately 100 years, the Australian capital, Canberra, has evolved in association with the predominant values, vision and cultural relationships of people to the area. The location and design of the city derived from a formal intention to integrate nature and culture for the benefit and edification of residents and in symbolisation of the city’s importance as the seat of national decision-making and legislature. Established on a native grassland surrounded by wooded hills and ridges, and with nearby confluences of rivers as security of water supply, the city’s landscape was transformed through centralised planning and implementation of Garden City and City Beautiful constructs to become one of the world’s most liveable regions. Twentieth-century expansion of the city’s suburbs, tree streetscapes and gardens progressed with varying emphasis on exotic versus native species, and contemporary programs aim to increase urban tree canopy cover to 30%. Yet, there is increasing acknowledgement of the landscape’s rich history of culture–nature interactions extending back at least 25,000 years. Indicators are evident in human modification of tree-dominated ecosystems, the overlapping ways in which people related to elemental landscape features, and a continuity of valuing particular sites for ceremonies, social activities and human movement. With projected steady population growth, climate change, and associated impacts on the environment and natural resources, contemporary planning must be innovative and integrative to ensure ecologically sustainable development. Strong visionary leadership is needed to develop a landscape policy that encompasses key natural assets including threatened woodlands and mature native trees for their intrinsic values and as habitat for threatened fauna, cultural landscape values such as forested montane and ridge areas, and heritage and protected trees. From pre-European to current times, planning, modification and management of environmental and ecosystem values has been integral to enabling local people to sustain themselves. The next challenge is to create clarity about the future of this cultural landscape and enhance the community’s attachment to and stewardship of the city and its landscape.
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OLUBI, Abiodun Rufus. "Cultural Streetscape: Its Value-System, Space and Significance in Oyo Town, Nigeria." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 9, no. 12 (January 5, 2023): 465–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.912.13614.
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Cultural streetscape is a remarkable street scene that embodies the local culture. It helps in defining and defending urban forms, improves the physical, economic, and socio-cultural mechanisms of urban streets, provides street views for buildings, and shares communal activities and identities. Streetscape is a significant and multi-dynamic component of urban design that contributes to the success of cities and towns. However, as a result of constant urbanization and neglect, African streets that were previously sites of different cultural expressions and local beliefs are quickly turning into areas devoid of local values and meaning. More so, the significance of a cultural streetscape that facilitates ingenious street views, solves ecological challenges, and retains the local memory of places is becoming scarce in the literature. Through an in-depth interview, analysis of pertinent academic outputs, and firsthand observation of the core residential areas of Oyo town, this study revealed the value and significance of cultural streetscape in building, shaping, preserving and sustaining local place identity. Proper archiving and infusion of cultural streetscape elements into the old and new streets design are necessary to ensure Yoruba place identity does not completely become void.
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Zheng, Wen Hui. "Research on Planning for Streetscape along National Highway." Advanced Materials Research 280 (July 2011): 97–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.280.97.
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Streetscape planning and design has important significance for improving urban landscape and increasing urban quality. Cixi segment of national highway NO.329 is the landscape and window to the outside of Cixi. According to the related upper planning, function of the street mostly is commerce. The paper analyzes design method about streetscape planning along the national highway by using the case of Cixi segment of national highway NO.329. The planning attempts to construct Cixi segment of national highway NO.329 to be Yingbin avenue of the city, which could reflect the image of Cixi with smooth traffic, quiet surrouding and orderly space. The paper introduces general plotting of streetscape planning from angles of coordination of architectural styles, scrutiny of space dimension, and style of single architecture, and then amply analyzes design method of streetscape planning from angles of space level and scale, node processing, open and retractation of space, levels and penetration of plane space, rhythm and depth of elevation, and architectural features.
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Zairuddin, Nor Syafiqah, Noriah Othman, and Nurhayati Abdul Malek. "Sustainable Urban Streetscape: Managing trees as green infrastructure." Asian Journal of Behavioural Studies 5, no. 19 (August 31, 2020): 45–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ajbes.v5i19.193.
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Green and grey infrastructure plays a significant role in exposing the quality to the urban streetscape. The establishment and post-execution of streetscape planting management practice become a marking factor in measuring the sustainability of roadside tree planting. Due to the acceleration of the urbanization, conflicts in growing healthy roadside tree planting keep arising. Hence, this study is to deliver a discussion of non-numerical data on the potential attributes and approaches that can be adopted and adapted in Malaysia for a better quality of streetscape tree planting practices.
Keywords: Streetscape Design; Roadside Tree Planting; Tree Sensitive Urban Design Theory
eISSN 2398-4295 ©2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers (AMER); Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians / Africans / Arabians (ABRA); Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies (cE-Bs), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ajbes.v5i19.193
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Qiu, Waishan, Wenjing Li, Xun Liu, and Xiaokai Huang. "Subjectively Measured Streetscape Perceptions to Inform Urban Design Strategies for Shanghai." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 8 (July 21, 2021): 493. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10080493.
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Recently, many new studies applying computer vision (CV) to street view imagery (SVI) datasets to objectively extract the view indices of various streetscape features such as trees to proxy urban scene qualities have emerged. However, human perception (e.g., imageability) have a subtle relationship to visual elements that cannot be fully captured using view indices. Conversely, subjective measures using survey and interview data explain human behaviors more. However, the effectiveness of integrating subjective measures with SVI datasets has been less discussed. To address this, we integrated crowdsourcing, CV, and machine learning (ML) to subjectively measure four important perceptions suggested by classical urban design theory. We first collected ratings from experts on sample SVIs regarding these four qualities, which became the training labels. CV segmentation was applied to SVI samples extracting streetscape view indices as the explanatory variables. We then trained ML models and achieved high accuracy in predicting scores. We found a strong correlation between the predicted complexity score and the density of urban amenities and services points of interest (POI), which validates the effectiveness of subjective measures. In addition, to test the generalizability of the proposed framework as well as to inform urban renewal strategies, we compared the measured qualities in Pudong to other five urban cores that are renowned worldwide. Rather than predicting perceptual scores directly from generic image features using a convolution neural network, our approach follows what urban design theory has suggested and confirmed as various streetscape features affecting multi-dimensional human perceptions. Therefore, the results provide more interpretable and actionable implications for policymakers and city planners.
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Wang, K., and O. Shmelova-Nesterenko. "EXPLORING URBAN STREETSCAPE DESIGN: COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH." Art and Design, no. 4 (February 8, 2024): 70–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.30857/2617-0272.2023.4.6.
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The purpose: to analyse and synthesize research on urban street space and the evolution of urban streetscape design concepts, tracing their origins, development, classifications, and design practices.
Methodology. The study conducts a historical and theoretical review of scientific and literary sources, employing methods of analysis, systematization, classification, and summarization of the obtained results.
Results. Classical theories of designing public spaces, as well as the development of concepts related to spatial perception and a human-centric approach in design, have been examined and analysed. The interaction of these theories with big data and artificial intelligence in the research and design of urban public spaces has been identified, revealing that such collaboration accelerates the emergence of cutting-edge theoretical and practical innovations.
Scientific novelty. Based on the analysis conducted, three main research directions in street space are identified and systematized: macro-level research, micro-level research, and research in urban design practices.
Practical significance: The results of this research establish theoretical foundations and outline directions for the future development of studies in the field of street space design. They can be utilized by architects and urban designers in the process of planning and design.
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Zairuddin, Nor Syafiqah, Noriah Othman, and Nurhayati Abdul Malek. "A Review on Tree Sensitive Urban Design (TSUD) Approach as potentials Streetscape Design Guidelines." Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 5, no. 13 (March 24, 2020): 215–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v5i13.2086.
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Green fabrics that comprise of roadside tree planting play a vital element in an urban ecosystem. Inappropriate roadside tree planting implementation and even during its post-execution of management practices affect streetscape quality of life (QOL). Roadside tree planting condition in every country and town in Malaysia tend to have different in quality as different authority conducts management and maintenance for different area. This study is to serve as a discussion of non-numerical data on the potential of attributes and approaches that can be executed in the Malaysian context.Keywords: Streetscape Design; Roadside Tree Planting; Tree Sensitive Urban Design TheoryeISSN: 2398-4287 © 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v5i13.2086
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Sabono, Ferdy, Indah Widiastuti, and Iwan Sudradjat. "Potential Advantages and Disadvantages of Case Study as Methodological Approach in Streetscape Research." Nakhara : Journal of Environmental Design and Planning 23, no. 2 (June 13, 2024): 411. http://dx.doi.org/10.54028/nj202423411.
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In recent decades, streetscape research has advanced quickly in tandem with societal understanding of the impact of urban environmental quality on aesthetic satisfaction and urban dwellers' well-being. The case study method is one of the methodological approaches that has grown in popularity in streetscape research. However, no researchers have yet conducted a comprehensive investigation into the efficacy of case studies when used in streetscape research. Based on the experiences and findings of other researchers using case studies as their research design, this study explores the potential advantages and drawbacks of using case studies in streetscape research. The study uses the systematic literature review method to collect and analyze past relevant streetscape research findings to identify the potential advantages and disadvantages researchers may face when doing their streetscape research, which comprises several stages, namely case selection, development of a theoretical framework, data gathering, data analysis, discussion, and conclusion. The research findings have shown that the case study approach can result in in-depth studies by creating a well-defined research protocol that aligns with the particular environmental situation under examination. However, adopting technology in streetscape research can pose difficulties and limitations for researchers, such as the challenge of accessing advanced technology and mastering the complexity of analytical tools with intricate requirements.
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Pereira, Mauro F., Paula Santana, and David S. Vale. "The Impact of Urban Design on Utilitarian and Leisure Walking—The Relative Influence of Street Network Connectivity and Streetscape Features." Urban Science 8, no. 2 (March 22, 2024): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/urbansci8020024.
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Road network connectivity determines the accessibility of urban activities for pedestrians, while streetscape characteristics have an impact on route attractiveness. Methods used to measure the influence of connectivity and streetscape characteristics on walking behavior differ substantially, while trip purpose is a key factor. This paper explores the respective contributions of network connectivity and streetscape features to explain leisure walking and utilitarian trips on 740 street segments in Santarém (Portugal). The indicators cover the most commonly used factors in walkability indexes, such as density, diversity, design, and accessibility. The streetscape features measure imageability, enclosure, human scale, transparency, and complexity. The walking trip information was collected via survey. The results show that connectivity measures have a greater overall explanatory power for both trip motives. However, the findings highlight the need to consider a variety of design indicators to explain walking behavior due to the higher explanation power of the model with two types of indicators.
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Surinta, Phanita. "Measuring Streetscape Qualities in a Car-dependent City: The Case of Three Historical Streets in Bangkok." Nakhara : Journal of Environmental Design and Planning 22, no. 1 (August 23, 2023): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.54028/nj202322305.
Full textAbstract:
This study aims to apply the five urban design qualities identified by Reid Ewing and Otto Clemente in a different context. To conduct this empirical study, Bangkok was selected to exemplify a car-dependent city, and three Bangkok streets were chosen for study. The measurement of streetscape qualities was carried out using two approaches, objective and subjective, which were then compared in order to gain insight. The study employed convergent parallel mixed methods, in which both the quantitative and qualitative data were taken into account. Objective measurement of streetscape qualities was done based on qualitative data using fieldwork studies, while subjective evaluation of users’ perceptions was done based on a quantitative questionnaire. Analysis was based on a set of physical features and the measurement protocol. Its application in this study revealed how the features and protocol can be further developed by considering the background and context of the studied area in order to more effectively capture the streetscape qualities of the city. The results revealed that the streetscape elements that are less perceived by car drivers and passengers in the city are the ones located on sidewalks and that building details are hardly noticed by these motorists. Apparently, spatial perception and streetscape qualities are likely to be overlooked or less perceived in a car-dependent city. In hindsight, this study tends to support the study of users’ perceptions and satisfaction as part of the data collection and analysis process in the study of urban design.
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Feng, Yao, and Lu Si Zhang. "Understanding of Landscape Architecture Design in Japan." Advanced Materials Research 610-613 (December 2012): 2840–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.2840.
Full textAbstract:
In the 1960s, rapid economic growth of Japan resulted in urban problems such as public hazard, environmental pollution and destruction of historic streetscape etc. To rescue increasingly worsening living environment, various citizen endeavors have been carried out. The reflection of modern urban planning was called "Machi-zukuri". After tens of years of evolution, it has become the representative of the citizens and the citizen groups participating in urban planning, design and government affairs. Landscape "Machi-zukuri" is one of its important types. Through the case analysis of Chiba Townscape Citizen Festival, this paper discusses the successful experience of Japan in improving regional landscape architecture which is worth our reference.
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Belaroussi, Rachid, Irène Sitohang, Elena María Díaz González, and Jorge Martín-Gutiérrez. "Cross-Cultural Aspects of Streetscape Perception." VITRUVIO - International Journal of Architectural Technology and Sustainability 9, no. 1 (June 28, 2024): 78–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/vitruvio-ijats.2024.21320.
Full textAbstract:
Public space auditing is an efficient tool for urban planning of active mobility infrastructures. It enables real estate developers and urban planners to judge the level of comfort their design of sidewalks and public places can provide. Most of the research focus on the methodology to characterize the satisfaction of a public space, but there is a lack of knowledge about inter-cultural aspects of such methods. Our main research question is whether there is consistency in the way in which French and Spanish auditors perceived an urban streetscape: would they rate a public space the same and what features would be differently audited. We selected three urban identities of a modern district representing a variety of urban form: a public place with a tramway station, a commercial street designed as a strip mall, and green residential area with leisure activities. Each of these points of view were audited by a pool of French and Spanish participants according to criteria related to buildings’ architecture and sidewalks’ design for walkability and cyclability purposes. Both virtual reality and real scenes of the public spaces were recorded in videos and provided to participants for rating purposes. Architectural ambiances were measured with qualitative scales, quality of public space was measured with two integrated indicators of pedestrian level of service, and the accordance of infrastructures for active mobility was probed with individual scales. Results from the audit suggest that some streetscape impressions may be quite similar when assessed with various types of measurement, in different cultural contexts: scale, size and architectural style stimulate the same kind of feelings, and the quality of public spaces were perceived equivalently by the two communities as well as bikeability. Dissimilarities in perception occurred for the perception of materials and general feelings of the areas, and in the rating of walkability and in preferences for walking.