Relevant bibliographies by topics / Strength-duration time constant

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Strength-duration time constant'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 5 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Strength-duration time constant"

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Genç, Gençer, Semai Bek, Tayfun Kasikci, Umit Hidir Ulas, Seref Demirkaya, and Zeki Odabasi. "Strength-Duration Time Constant in Peripheral Nerve: No Abnormality in Multiple Sclerosis." Multiple Sclerosis International 2012 (2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/390157.

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Fam, M. A., and M. B. Dusseault. "Effect of unloading duration on unconfined compressive strength." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 36, no. 1 (August 8, 1999): 166–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t98-074.

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This note examines the effect of unloading duration on unconfined compression test results. Artificial clayey specimens were prepared using the slurry consolidation technique. Extracted specimens were loaded vertically under K0 conditions, and the load was kept constant until the end of primary consolidation. Specimens were unloaded and unconfined compression tests were carried out at different times after unloading. It is observed that the longer the unloading duration, the lower the measured unconfined strength. This behavior is attributed to the presence of negative excess pore pressure that dissipates with time, reducing the strength. Using the measured coefficient of consolidation, the degree of excess pore pressure dissipation and therefore the average mean effective stress near the failure zone can be calculated at the time of failure. Mohr circles are drawn tangential to the total shear envelope, using the calculated mean effective stresses. Reasonable agreement between predicted and measured unconfined compressive strengths has been observed, suggesting that consolidation theory can be adopted to assess the effect of unloading duration on unconfined compressive strength. Finally, engineering applications using a similar concept are briefly discussed.Key words: clays, unloading, consolidation, unconfined compression tests, triaxial tests.
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Spencer, R. A., and Borg Madsen. "Duration of load tests for shear strength." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 13, no. 2 (April 1, 1986): 188–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l86-026.

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The strength of wood falls with time under load, and in current design codes the short-term strength of wood is reduced by about 40% to account for duration of load effects. This figure is based on tests made on small bending specimens. In this paper are described tests made on wooden torque tubes to investigate the effect of duration of load on shear strength. A control sample was tested to establish a curve for short-term strength, and four groups of 80 specimens each were then tested under various levels of constant long-term load. Stress ratio at failure was estimated by assuming that the short-term strength of each group could be represented by the control curve, and that under long-term loading specimens would fail in the order of their short-term strength. In each group the stress ratio at failure fell with time under load, and this reduction appears to be related to that predicted by a viscoelastic plastic model. It is concluded that the Madison curve presently used to predict duration of load effects may be conservative at normal levels of applied stress. Key words: wood, shear, long-term loading, duration of load.
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D’Ostilio, K., S. Goetz, M. Ciocca, R. Chieffo, J. C. A. Chen, A. V. Peterchev, and J. C. Rothwell. "P282: Effect of coil orientation on strength-duration time constant with controllable pulse parameter transcranial magnetic stimulation." Clinical Neurophysiology 125 (June 2014): S123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1388-2457(14)50400-2.

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Koyanagi, Jun, Hiroshi Hatta, Fumio Ogawa, and Hiroyuki Kawada. "Time-dependent Reduction of Tensile Strength Caused by Interfacial Degradation under Constant Strain Duration in UD-CFRP." Journal of Composite Materials 41, no. 25 (December 2007): 3007–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998307082175.

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François, R. J., and A. A. Van Haute. "The Role of Rapid Mixing Time on a Flocculation Process." Water Science and Technology 17, no. 6-7 (June 1, 1985): 1091–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1985.0204.

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The influence of the duration of rapid mixing on a flocculation process is evaluated by investigating the characteristics of the hydroxide flocs formed under carefully controlled conditions. Two different methods are used for measuring floc dimensions and their distribution. From the experimental results other floc characteristics such as floc strength and size of the flocculi are deduced. Also the reaction constant, the destabilization factor and the growing constant of the coagulation and flocculation process are calculated. Using the influence of rapid mixing time on all floc characteristics and kinetic parameters minimum and maximum limits for the rapid mixing time are deduced.
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Zawadzki, Tadeusz. "Electrical properties of Lupinus angustifolius L. stem. III. RC model, time constant, latency and threshold charge." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 48, no. 2 (2015): 305–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.1979.025.

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The changes of potential in the stem of <i>Lupinus</i> were characterized on the basis of the strength-duration relation and of electrotonic potentials. It was found that the stimulated stem behaves like an electrical RC circuit. The time constants of electrotonic potential rise and decay were determined. A simple electrical model characterizing the passive electrical properties of the <i>Lupinus</i> stem is suggested. The values of resistance and capacitance of the <i>Lupinus</i> stem were determined on the basis of the RC circuit. The resistance-capacitance properties of the stem tissues serve as basis to gain a better knowledge of the parametres describing excitation, such as the strength-duration relation or latency. These properties in the stem of <i>Lupinus</i> are of the same nature as those in nerves or muscles. The values of the threshold charge of the order of 10-6 C were calculated. It is suggested that the regularities occurring here may be connected with accommodation and processes regulating the resting potential of cells.
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Catalin, B., A. M. Cobzaru, I. Codita, I. Popa, C. A. Panea, I. Mandruta, and M. Moldovan. "P777: Reduction in motor nerve strength-duration time constant during the anti-voltage-gated Na+ channel therapy in epilepsy." Clinical Neurophysiology 125 (June 2014): S250. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1388-2457(14)50818-8.

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D’Ostilio, Kevin, Stefan M. Goetz, Ricci Hannah, Matteo Ciocca, Raffaella Chieffo, Jui-Cheng A. Chen, Angel V. Peterchev, and John C. Rothwell. "Effect of coil orientation on strength–duration time constant and I-wave activation with controllable pulse parameter transcranial magnetic stimulation." Clinical Neurophysiology 127, no. 1 (January 2016): 675–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2015.05.017.

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Tabary, Ariane, and Beate Rassler. "Increased breathing resistance compromises the time course of rhythmical forearm movements—a pilot study." Journal of Translational Internal Medicine 3, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jtim-2015-0022.

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Abstract Background and Objectives: Skeletal muscle dysfunction is a major problem among the co-morbidities associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, muscle weakness and increased fatigability are not the only limitations of skeletal muscle function. Motor–respiratory coordination (MRC) may occur even during movements at lowest workloads. MRC modifies the temporal pattern of motor actions, thus probably impairing motor performance and movement precision. Little attention has been paid to the question of whether motor functions may be compromised in COPD patients independent of workload and required muscle strength and endurance. The present pilot study was designed to investigate the effects of a simulated obstruction (SO) in healthy subjects on their breathing pattern and the timing of a rhythmical forearm movement. Methods: Twenty-one subjects performed flexion–extension movements with their right forearm at a self-chosen rate within a range between 0.2 and 0.4 Hz. After a control experiment with normal breathing, a plug with a narrow hole was inserted between face mask and pneumotachograph to simulate obstruction. Subjects were required to repeat the rhythmical forearm movement at the same rate as in the control experiment. Results: The condition of SO significantly prolonged breath duration but reduced tidal volume and ventilation. In addition, period duration of the forearm movement increased significantly under this condition while the movement-to-breathing frequency ratio remained almost constant. Increased breathing resistance was considered to cause prolonged breath duration accompanied by an increase in movement period duration. The constant near-integer ratio between movement and breathing rates indicates that the change in movement period duration resulted from MRC. Conclusions: The findings of this pilot study demonstrate that increased breathing resistance may compromise motor performance even at lower workloads. This means that in COPD patients, not only muscle strength and endurance are reduced but, moreover, fine motor skills may be impaired. This aspect has particular importance for many everyday activities as reduced fine motor performance substantially contributes to a progressive inability of the patients to manage their daily life.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Strength-duration time constant"

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Smit, Jacoba Elizabeth. "Modelled response of the electrically stimulated human auditory nerve fibre." Thesis, 2008. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09182008-144232/.

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Conference papers on the topic "Strength-duration time constant"

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Shaffer, James, and Omid Askari. "A New Electrode Design for Constant Volume Combustion Chamber." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-24168.

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Abstract The current method of achieving center chamber ignition in the Plasma Combustion Research Laboratory’s (PCRL) Constant Volume Combustion Chamber (CVCC) utilizes either a standard or modified spark plug. The standard spark plug achieves a representation of side wall ignition (similar to a combustion engine) while modified sparkplugs have an extended electrode to allow for a center camber ignition. Two of these modified spark plugs are placed on both sides of the chamber and can effectively seal and isolate the chamber from the electrode. However, the process of welding electrode material to the spark plug is time consuming and requires a large number of modified electrodes to effectively test multiple different spark gap sizes. Also, the process of cleaning the electrode after experimentation shortens the electrode over time with no method of compensation other than creating a new electrode. The new electrode design aims to reduce the structural weakness by removing the welded joint as well as allowing for linear adjustment between testing while remaining firm during testing. The new design presented utilizes high-temperature epoxy, ceramic and grafoil seals to make adjustments easy and precise. The design was analyzed, prior to building and testing, based on the stress induced from the sealant, the total rated voltage, the rated temperature, and the fracture stress of the ceramic material. The stress induced in the electrode device was analyzed with FEA and the results were found to be within the limits of the material in terms of the compressive and fracture strength. The maximum voltage was found to be around 30 kV. The design is tested with 3 different electrode sizes where the largest electrode of 1.3 mm (0.05 in) has the same diameter as the current experimental set up. Two smaller electrodes 1 mm and 0.5 mm (0.04 in and 0.02 in) are tested as well to show the range and capabilities of the new system. The voltage and current data of the new and old system are compared and are found to be statistically similar within a 90 percent confidence level. The new electrodes is also compared to the previous system in terms of electrical resistance, the peak power each system can provide to the plasma, the visual shape and duration of the plasma through high speed photography. The range of operation for a successful design includes pressures from 20 mTorr to 40 atm, temperatures up to 280 C, and voltages up to 25 kV.
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Arroyo, B., L. Andrea, P. González, J. A. Álvarez, S. Cicero, A. Fernández, and R. Lacalle. "Validation of the Incremental Step Loading Technique Application to Small Punch Tests in Aggressive Environments in X80 Steel." In ASME 2020 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2020-21524.

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Abstract The Small punch test, which consists on punching a small plane specimen up to failure, is a technique to be taken into account for the estimation of mechanical properties when there is shortage of material. In recent works it has been applied to the estimation of mechanical properties steels in aggressive environments. In aggressive environments, tests under a constant load are usually employed for the threshold stress determination, but this a slow and sometimes inaccurate technique. The standard ASTM F1624 solves these issues; it consists on applying steps of constant loads subsequently increased up to the specimen’s failure. In a previous work, it was indicated how to implement this technique for Small Punch testing of steels in hydrogen embrittlement scenarios, adapting the steps duration. This proposal allows to obtain a threshold load by using at least 3 specimens in a total time of around a week. In the present work, the incremental step loading technique from ASTM F1624 standard is applied to the Small Punch test in order to estimate tensile threshold stress of a X80 high strength steel in hydrogen embrittlement environments by cathodic polarization in an acid electrolyte. Regular standard tests on cylindrical tensile specimens were carried out following the ASTM F1624 standard, in order to validate the methodology proposed.
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Musgrove, Grant O., Taewoan Kim, Seungmin Lee, and Muhyoung Lee. "Calibrating Material Models in a Commercial FE Code for Transient TMF Simulations of Single-Crystal and Directionally-Solidified Alloys." In ASME Turbo Expo 2019: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2019-90142.

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Abstract Blade life in the hot section of the gas turbine is most affected by the high operating temperatures, constant centripetal loading, and thermally induced stresses during startup and shutdown. High temperatures and constant loading result in material creep that limits the blade operating duration under steady conditions. Transient operation of the gas turbine, such as start-up and shut-down cycles result in thermally induced stresses in the blades that can cause local plastic yielding while also contributing to material creep. In conducting a detailed transient or steady-state analysis of a gas turbine blade, an accurate representation of the blade material is required to estimate creep strain and transient strains that contribute to thermo-mechanical fatigue (TMF) life. Custom material models are typically defined for the greatest accuracy of blade material models. However, these models are expensive and time-consuming to generate. As an alternative, the material models currently available in commercial codes can be calibrated to produce the measured material response. In this paper, a methodology is provided to calibrate complex material models in a commercial finite element (FE) code for single-crystal (SX) and directionally solidified (DS) alloys. The material model calibration relies on available test data in the literature and is used to define the material elasticity, plasticity, creep, and yield strength. Because the materials are anisotropic, the material properties are defined using orthotropic material definitions that define different material responses in the global coordinate directions. To demonstrate the accuracy of the material models, the predicted material TMF response is compared directly to test data.
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Adams, Alex, and David Miller. "Characterization and Optimization of Rotational Friction Welding for Small Stainless Steel Tubes." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-66094.

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Rotational friction welding is a common joining process used to join cylindrical metal components. Typically, one piece is rotated and a secondary piece is held rigid. The two samples are then forced together in a controlled manner, and the resulting friction generates enough heat to weld the two pieces. This process was characterized and optimized for 304 stainless steel tubes with a .317 cm (.125 in) outer diameter and .14 cm (.055 in) inner diameter. The goal was to characterize and optimize parameters around a weld with no leak, strong ultimate tensile strength, and proper through-hole integrity. Also, solid bars were welded to some tubes to analyze a capped system. Key parameters to the process that were monitored and/or controlled include rotational speed, applied force, temperature, duration, and material upset. Often times the applied force is divided into two steps. A lower force is applied during heating (friction force), and a larger force is applied once rotation stops (forging force). The material upset, maximum temperature, and forging fore were the primary controlling variables in this study. Other parameters were held constant. A testing setup was built to analyze these factors. Modifications were made to a three axis mill to perform friction welding in a controlled environment. Then, tests were run to understand the effects each parameter had on weld quality. Welds with an upset greater than .1 cm held a pressure at a much higher success rate than welds with lower upsets. In general, the forging force was shown to have a large positive impact on ultimate tensile force. The integrity of the through-hole was compromised in many of the tube to tube tests. Several welds were post-drilled to recreate the through-hole. Tests with this done held a pressure 66.67% of the time. It was found that successful welding can be accomplished with this process, and different adjustments to testing procedures can maximize different qualities in the weld.
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Venkataraman, Rengaa, Abdalla Elbella, and Krishna Sai Potluri. "Numerical Investigation on the Impact Strength Properties of Weldox Steel, Pure Copper, 2024-T3 Aluminum Alloy, Ti-6Al-4V Titanium Alloy and Some Composites." In ASME 2005 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2005-84517.

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In recent times as civilian technology has grown more sophisticated, more demands are being made on the study of behavior of materials under very short duration loading. This paper describes a numerical comparison of the penetration and perforation of circular plates, struck by blunt projectile based on Johnson-Cook failure model and isotropic failure model. Explicit finite element code (ABAQUS) is used for the simulation. The better of the two failure models is used to investigate the penetration and perforation behavior of four different plate materials namely Weldox Steel, Pure Copper, 2024-T3 Aluminum alloy and Ti-6Al-4V Titanium alloy, struck by blunt and conical shaped projectiles. Nominal hardness, diameter, and mass of the projectile are kept constant in all simulations. The thickness of the plates is varied from 8mm to 40mm. The initial and residual velocities are determined from the numerical simulations. The ballistic limit velocity and the residual velocity curves are obtained for each target thickness tested. The plastic dissipation and strain energy curves are also obtained for each target thickness and plotted for different thickness-to-diameter ratios. Finally the numerical modeling of composite laminates of AS4 Carbon/Epoxy, Kevlar 149/Epoxy, AS4 Carbon/Peek and Kevlar 149/Peek are also compared for different thickness-to-diameter ratio to predict the composite laminate that has the highest impact strength.
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Ozkan, Altan, and Halil Berberoglu. "Adhesion of Chlorella vulgaris on Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Surfaces." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-64133.

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This experimental study reports the adhesion rate and adhesion density of Chlorella vulgaris on hydrophilic glass, and hydrophobic indium tin oxide (ITO) surfaces at constant shear rate. Cultivation of algae as biofilms offers an energy and water efficient method for algal biofuel production. In order to design algal biofilm cultivation systems, algal adhesion and biofilm formation on substrates with different surface properties must be known. To assess this, a parallel plate flow chamber was used to quantify the adhesion rate of the commonly used algae Chlorella vulgaris to the surfaces under controlled shear rates. The contact angle and zeta potential measurements were made both for the algal cells and the adhesion surfaces to model adhesion. The experimental results were compared with the predictions of the Derjaguin, Landau, Verwey, Overbeek (DLVO), extended DLVO (XDLVO) theories, and the thermodynamic model. The experiments showed that the rate of adhesion over the hydrophobic surface was 81 cells mm−2min−1 which was 3 times larger than that of the hydrophilic surface for the first forty minutes of the adhesion experiments. Moreover, the final adhesion density over the hydrophobic surface was 6182 mm−2 after an experimental duration of 320 minutes which was 2.7 times that of the hydrophilic surface. Detachment studies done with increased shear rates showed that the adhesion strength of algae was also higher over the hydrophobic surface. The experimental results fit best with the results from the XDLVO theory. However, the model was inaccurate in predicting high detachment rate from the hydrophilic surface with increased shear rates. Results show the importance of surface material selection for the initial adhesion of cells. These results can be used for selection and design of surface materials for optimizing initial adhesion of algae cells in algal biofilm photobioreactors. Furthermore, the results can also be used for the design of planktonic photobioreactors to avoid biofouling.
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Scaletta, Brent, and Richard Green. "Reference Stress Estimation for Anisotropic Materials Using Linear Elastic Finite Element Results." In ASME Turbo Expo 2020: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2020-14706.

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Abstract Components in the hot section of a gas turbine engine experience extended high temperature dwells and cycles composed of multiple starts, changes in load, and variable duration. These loading profiles can lead to damage from cyclic viscoplasticity which is heavily path dependent as dwell stress, yield strength, and stress range change constantly during operation. Since an accurate prediction of accumulated damage is critical to managing an engine, reduced order methods for tracking material behavior over complex operation cycles are necessary tools to help avoid unplanned down time and optimize cost over the operational period. One method for tracking the material behavior during path dependent cyclic viscoplasticity requires the use of reference stress. Reference stress is a bulk representative stress that can be used in conjunction with various lifing methodologies to determine component durability. Previous papers provided a method for calculating reference stress for isotropic materials using limit load estimation. The goal of this paper is to extend these methodologies to a reference stress estimation method for anisotropic materials to estimate life for single crystal turbine blades. Derived equations will be shown and results from simple Finite Element (FE) test cases will be discussed to demonstrate the accuracy of the anisotropic reference stress estimation. Once reference stress is obtained, the long term forward creep stress of a component can be estimated for any given initial stress state. This approach can be used to calculate damage during shakedown resulting from redistribution and relaxation due to plasticity and creep, which can be critical for accurately predicting remaining useful life and optimizing engine management.
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Cai, Zijie, Jeffrey C. Suhling, Pradeep Lall, and Michael J. Bozack. "The Effects of Dopants on the Aging Behavior of Lead Free Solders." In ASME 2011 Pacific Rim Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Systems. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2011-52184.

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The microstructure, mechanical response, and failure behavior of lead free solder joints in electronic assemblies are constantly evolving when exposed to isothermal aging and/or thermal cycling environments. Over the past several years, we have demonstrated that the observed material behavior variations of Sn-Ag-Cu (SAC) lead free solders during room temperature aging (25 C) and elevated temperature aging (50, 75, 100, 125, and 150 C) were unexpectedly large and universally detrimental to reliability. The measured stress-strain data demonstrated large reductions in stiffness, yield stress, ultimate strength, and strain to failure (up to 50%) during the first 6 months after reflow solidification. In addition, even more dramatic evolution was observed in the creep response of aged solders, where up to 100X increases were found in the steady state (secondary) creep strain rate (creep compliance) of lead free solders that were simply aged at room temperature. For elevated temperature aging at 125 C, the creep strain rate was observed to change even more dramatically (up to 10,000X increase). There is much interest in the industry on establishing optimal SAC-based lead free solder alloys that minimize aging effects and thus enhance thermal cycling and elevated temperature reliability. During the past year, we have extended our previous studies to include several doped SAC alloys (SAC-X) where the standard SAC alloys have been modified with small percentages of one or two additional elements (X). Materials under consideration include SAC0307-X, Sn-.7Cu-X, SAC305-X, SAC3595-X and SAC3810-X. Using dopants (e.g. Bi, In, Ni, La, Mg, Mn, Ce, Co, Ti, etc.) has become widespread to enhance shock/drop reliability, and we have extended this approach to examine the ability of dopants reduce the effects of aging and extend thermal cycling reliability. In the current paper, we concentrate on showing results for SACX™, which has the composition Sn-0.3Ag-0.7Cu-X with X = 0.1Bi. We have performed aging under 5 different conditions including room temperature (25 C), and four elevated temperatures (50, 75, 100 and 125). We have also extended the duration of aging considered in our experiments to up to 12 months of aging on selected alloys. Variations of the mechanical and creep properties (elastic modulus, yield stress, ultimate strength, creep compliance, etc.) have been observed. We have correlated the aging results for the doped SAX-X alloy with our prior data for the “standard” lead free alloys SACN05 (SAC105, SAC205, SAC305, SAC405). The doped SAC-X alloy shows improvements (reductions) in the aging-induced degradation in stiffness, strength, and creep rate when compared to SAC105, even though it has lower silver content. In addition, the doped SAC-X alloy has been observed to reach a stabilized microstructure more rapidly when aged. Mathematical models for the observed aging variations have been established so that the variation of the stress-strain and creep properties can be predicted as a function of aging time and aging temperature.
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