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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Streptococcus pneumoniæ – Canada

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Academic literature on the topic 'Streptococcus pneumoniæ – Canada'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Streptococcus pneumoniæ – Canada"

1

Yin, Charles, and Jeffrey Law. "Community-acquired pneumonia and pneumococcal vaccination in the elderly." University of Western Ontario Medical Journal 84, no. 2 (March 3, 2016): 23–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5206/uwomj.v84i2.4296.

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Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), most often caused by infection with the Gram-positive diplococcus Streptococcus pneumoniae, remains a leading cause of death in Canada amongst the elderly. With an aging population in Canada, CAP will soon be a significant challenge to the healthcare system in this country. In this article, we review the characteristics of CAP in the elderly, including its epidemiology, etiology and clinical features. We then provide an overview and history of pneumococcal vaccines and present current recommendations for S pneumoniae vaccination in Canada.

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Burdge, David R., Vincent C. Woo, and Patricia MA Ritchie. "Bacteremic Pneumonia Caused by Penicillin-Resistant Pneumococci: Case Report and Review with a Canadian Perspective." Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases 3, no. 4 (1992): 185–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1992/963907.

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A Canadian adult with bacteremic pneumonia caused by a relatively penicillin-resistant (minimal inhibitory concentration 0.25 μg/mL) Streptococcus pneumoniae is reported, and the published literature regarding penicillin-resistant pneumococci in Canada reviewed. Although penicillin resistance has been reported infrequently to date, this case emphasizes the need for routine antimicrobial sensitivity testing of all pneumococci isolated from normally sterile sites, and for ongoing systematic surveillance for penicillin and other antibiotic resistance in Canada.

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Feldman, Charles, and Ronald Anderson. "The Role of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Community-Acquired Pneumonia." Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 41, no. 04 (June 13, 2020): 455–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1702193.

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AbstractWith the notable exceptions of the United States and Canada in particular, the global burden of disease in adults due to invasive infection with the dangerous respiratory, bacterial pathogen, Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) remains. This situation prevails despite the major successes of inclusion of polysaccharide conjugate vaccines (PCVs) in many national childhood immunization programs and associated herd protection in adults, as well as the availability of effective antimicrobial agents. Accurate assessment of the geographic variations in the prevalence of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) has, however, been somewhat impeded by the limitations imposed on the acquisition of reliable epidemiological data due to reliance on often insensitive, laboratory-based, pathogen identification procedures. This, in turn, may result in underestimation of the true burden of IPD and represents a primary focus of this review. Other priority topics include the role of PCVs in the changing epidemiology of IPD in adults worldwide, smoking as a risk factor not only in respect of increasing susceptibility for development of IPD, but also in promoting pneumococcal antibiotic resistance. The theme of pneumococcal antibiotic resistance has been expanded to include mechanisms of resistance to commonly used classes of antibiotics, specifically β-lactams, macrolides and fluoroquinolones, and, perhaps somewhat contentiously, the impact of resistance on treatment outcome. Finally, but no less importantly, the role of persistent antigenemia as a driver of a chronic, subclinical, systemic proinflammatory/procoagulant phenotype that may underpin the long-term sequelae and premature mortality of those adults who have recovered from an episode of IPD, is considered.

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Mitchell, Peter. "Fluoroquinolone-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae spread across Canada." Lancet 354, no. 9176 (July 1999): 400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(05)75819-0.

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5

Blondeau, J. M., and D. Vaughan. "A review of antimicrobial resistance in Canada." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 46, no. 10 (October 1, 2000): 867–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w00-076.

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Antimicrobial resistance is a global concern. Over the past 10 years, considerable efforts and resources have been expended to detect, monitor, and understand at the basic level the many different facets of emerging and increasing resistance. This review summarizes our current understanding of bacterial antimicrobial resistance issues in Canada with particular emphasis given to the Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus, Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Streptococcus pyogenes. In addition, future concerns and programs for ongoing surveillance are discussed.

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Mittman, Scott A., Richard C. Huard, Phyllis Della-Latta, and Susan Whittier. "Comparison of the automated Phoenix with the Vitek 2 for the identification of Streptococcus pneumoniaePortions of this study were presented at the 2007 American Society of Microbiology 107th General Meeting in Toronto, Ontario, Canada." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 56, no. 4 (April 2010): 326–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w10-016.

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Rapid and accurate identification of Streptococcus pneumoniae is a critical component in the optimal management of infected patients. The performance of the BD Phoenix Automated Microbiology System (BD Diagnostic Systems, Sparks, Md.) was evaluated for identification of S. pneumoniae (n = 311) and was compared to the Vitek 2 (bioMérieux, Marcy l’Étoile, France). Strains with discordant identification between methods were resolved with 16S rRNA gene sequencing as the gold standard. The Phoenix and the Vitek 2 correctly identified 96.8% (n = 301) and 95.2% (n = 296) of S. pneumoniae strains, respectively. Overall, there was no statistically significant difference in the performance of the 2 automated systems for the identification of S. pneumoniae in this study. The Vitek 2 mean time-to-results for all streptococcal identification was 1.5 h faster than that for the Phoenix. We conclude that the automated Phoenix and the Vitek 2 systems are comparable in their ability to identify S. pneumoniae and are preferable to the use of routine biochemical assays, which have delayed time-to-results and are not dependably accurate.

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Nichol, Kimberly A., George G. Zhanel, and Daryl J. Hoban. "Molecular Epidemiology of Penicillin-Resistant and Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in Canada." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 47, no. 2 (February 2003): 804–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.47.2.804-808.2003.

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ABSTRACT Eighty-nine penicillin- and ciprofloxacin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates were evaluated by serotyping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Although penicillin-resistant isolates demonstrated considerable homogeneity, resistance to ciprofloxacin did not correlate with a reduction in genotypic variability. These results suggest that, unlike that of penicillin resistance, the spread of S. pneumoniae ciprofloxacin resistance in Canada is currently not attributable to clonal dissemination.

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Greenberg, D., D. P. Speert, E. Mahenthiralingam, D. A. Henry, M. E. Campbell, D. W. Scheifele, and CPS/LCDC IMPACT Monitoring Network. "Emergence of Penicillin-Nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae Invasive Clones in Canada." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 40, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.40.1.68-74.2002.

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Wierzbowski, Aleksandra K., Dean Swedlo, Dave Boyd, Michael Mulvey, Kim A. Nichol, Daryl J. Hoban, and George G. Zhanel. "Molecular Epidemiology and Prevalence of Macrolide Efflux Genes mef(A) and mef(E) in Streptococcus pneumoniae Obtained in Canada from 1997 to 2002." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 49, no. 3 (March 2005): 1257–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.49.3.1257-1261.2005.

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ABSTRACT One hundred forty M phenotype Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates were evaluated by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism, serotyping, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Molecular genotyping revealed that the predominant macrolide resistance mechanism in S. pneumoniae in Canada is mef(E) and resistance dissemination is due to both spread of the genetic element MEGA as well as clonal dissemination of penicillin- and/or macrolide-resistant strains.

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Simor, A. E., M. Louie, and D. E. Low. "Canadian national survey of prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Canadian Bacterial Surveillance Network." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 40, no. 9 (September 1996): 2190–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.40.9.2190.

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The antimicrobial susceptibilities of 1,089 clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae obtained from 39 laboratories across Canada between October 1994 and August 1995 were determined. A total of 91 isolates (8.4%) demonstrated intermediate resistance (MIC, 0.1 to 1.0 microgram/ml) and 36 (3.3%) had high-level resistance (MIC, > or = 2.0 micrograms/ml) to penicillin. Penicillin-resistant strains were more likely to have been recovered from normally sterile sites (P = 0.005) and to be cross-resistant to several beta-lactam and non-beta-lactam antimicrobial agents (P < 0.05). These results indicate that there has been a recent significant increase in the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant S. pneumoniae in Canada.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Streptococcus pneumoniæ – Canada"

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Morrow, Adrienne. "The burden of pneumococcal disease in the Canadian population before routine use of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23767/23767.pdf.

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Nichol, Kimberly Anne. "Genetic diversity among Canadian isolates of penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae and characterization of penicillin-binding protein 1A, 2B and 2X mutations." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ56141.pdf.

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Wierzbowski, Aleksandra K. "Evolution and molecular characterization of clinical respiratory macrolide-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in Canada." 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/5072.

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The purpose of this thesis was to molecularly characterize macrolide-resistant S. pneumoniae (SPN) isolates in Canada between 1998 and 2008. The characterization involved looking at the multi-drug resistant phenotype (MDR), the mechanisms of macrolide resistance, the genetic relatedness, the serotype distribution and PCV7 vaccine coverage as well as the determination of presence of pili-virulence factors. The hypothesis of the study was that macrolide-resistant SPN will growingly be MDR, genetically related, piliated and consisting of serotypes not found in PCV7 vaccine. Over 1500 macrolide-resistant SPN isolates collected between 1998 and 2008 were studied. Macrolide-resistant isolates came from patients from all regions of Canada, and from all age groups. They came from slightly more males (60%) and slightly more in-patients (62%). Macrolide resistant SPN remained low at 8% during the first 4 years of the study, and started to increase reaching 22% by the end of the study in 2008 (p=0.001). Overall the most common mechanism of resistance was efflux mediated by mef(A) (51%), followed by target site modification mediated by erm(B) (36%). The efflux mediated macrolide resistance in S. pneumoniae was predominantly due to the presence of subtype E (95%), which was resistant to more antibiotic classes, and was genetically and serotypically more diverse than the A subtype. Isolates carrying both erm(B) and mef(A) macrolide resistance genes increased overtime from 1% (1998) to 19% (2008) (p=0.002). Serotype distribution showed a decrease in PCV7 vaccine coverage from 67% to 31% (p=0.0072). Isolates with non-PCV7 serotypes increased overtime from 33% to 57% (p=0.0152). Isolates with serotype 19A increased by 15% (p=0.005). They were found to be multi-drug resistant, carried both erm(B) and mef(A) subtype E macrolide resistance genes, and were genetically related. The presence of virulence factor pili-type 1 (PI-1) and pili-type 2 (PI-2) was found associated with these isolates, possibly contributing to its emergence. In conclusion, macrolide resistant SPN increased during the course of this study mostly due to emergence of multi-drug resistant, genetically related, piliated, 19A S. pneumoniae.

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Wierzbowski, Aleksandra K. "Molecular characterization of efflux-mediated macrolide resistance among Canadian isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae." 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/20037.

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Adam, Heather Jill. "Investigation of Fluoroquinolone resistance-associated mutations in Canadian clinical isolates and laboratory mutants of Streptococcus pneumoniae." 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/20788.

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Book chapters on the topic "Streptococcus pneumoniæ – Canada"

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de Azavedo, Joyce C. S., Peter Pieroni, Paul Chang, and Don E. Low. "Association of Transposon Tn1545 with Multidrug Resistant Strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolated in Canada." In Streptococci and the Host, 475–78. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1825-3_113.

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Conference papers on the topic "Streptococcus pneumoniæ – Canada"

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H., Johns. "FUNDAMENTAL AUTARCHICAL SCREENING AND MICROBES EXERTION OF GERMANE SYLVESTRE." In SCIENCE AND MODERN SOCIETY: CURRENT ISSUES, ACHIEVEMENTS AND INNOVATIONS. INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND CURRENT RESEARCH CONFERENCES, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/iscrc-intconf04-01.

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The current investigation was done to assess the autarchical and antimicrobes action of Germane sylvestre against ten microbial strains causing oral contaminations. The subjective autarchical examinations were completed after the Ukn pharmacopeia and the techniques. The MIC estimations of the plant extricates were resolved against the chose test life forms utilizing the techniques as depicted by National Committee for Chemical Laboratory Standard and the in vitro antimicrobes movement was controlled by utilizing the agar plate dissemination strategy. The autarchical investigation completed uncovered the presence of alkaloids, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, glycosides, tannins and tri terpenoids in this restorative plant. The antimicrobes movement of five distinct concentrates of therapeutic plants were assessed utilizing admirably dissemination technique against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, Proteus vulgaris, Salmonella typhi, Chromobacterium violaceum, Burkolderia mallei and Candida albicans separately. The chloroform concentrates of this plant shown best antimicrobes movement against chose organisms. The outcomes give defense to the utilization of the restorative plants to treat different oral contaminations.

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Low, Donald E., Karen Green, Allison McGeer, Sylvia Pong-Porter, and Samir Patel. "In Vitro Activity Of Ceftaroline And Comparative Agents Against Clinical Isolates Of Streptococcus Pneumoniae Collected From An Ongoing Canada Wide Surveillance Program: 2008 - 2011." In American Thoracic Society 2012 International Conference, May 18-23, 2012 • San Francisco, California. American Thoracic Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2012.185.1_meetingabstracts.a6082.

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