Journal articles: 'Streptomyces; Antibiotics'

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Efimenko, Tatiana A., Alla A. Glukhova, Mariia V. Demiankova, Yuliya V. Boykova, Natalia D. Malkina, Irina G. Sumarukova, Byazilya F. Vasilieva, et al. "Antimicrobial Activity of Microorganisms Isolated from Ant Nests of Lasius niger." Life 10, no. 6 (June 22, 2020): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life10060091.

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In this study, the microbial communities of two nests of black garden ants (Lasius niger) in the hollows of stem branches of old apple trees were found to have similar species compositions: each community contained representatives of three species from the Bacillaceae family and one species of actinomycetes from the genus Streptomyces. In total, four types of bacilli and two actinomycetes were isolated. Actinomycetes were identified as Streptomyces antibioticus-like and Streptomyces sp. None of the bacilli had antibiotic activity, whereas both streptomycetes produced antibiotics that inhibited the growth of Gram-positive bacteria in vitro, including isolates from their community. Antibiotic compounds of S. antibioticus-like strain INA 01148 (Institute of New Antibiotics) were identified as actinomycin D and its closest homologue, actinomycin A. Actinomycins presumably change the microbial community of the ant nest substrate as they act against Gram-positive bacteria and against fungi and Gram-negative bacteria. The antibiotic activity of the isolated Streptomyces sp. INA 01156 is of interest, since the substances produced by this strain inhibit the growth of drug-resistant bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus INA 00761 (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant strain Leuconostoc mesenteroides VKPM B-4177 (VR) (VKPM–National Collection of Industrial Microorganisms (Russian acronym)).

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David, Michelle, Clara Lejeune, Sonia Abreu, Annabelle Thibessard, Pierre Leblond, Pierre Chaminade, and Marie-Joelle Virolle. "Negative Correlation between Lipid Content and Antibiotic Activity in Streptomyces: General Rule and Exceptions." Antibiotics 9, no. 6 (May 26, 2020): 280. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9060280.

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Streptomycetes are well known antibiotic producers and are among the rare prokaryotes able to store carbon as lipids. Previous comparative studies of the weak antibiotic producer Streptomyces lividans with its ppk mutant and with Streptomyces coelicolor, which both produce antibiotics, suggested the existence of a negative correlation between total lipid content and the ability to produce antibiotics. To determine whether such a negative correlation can be generalized to other Streptomyces species, fifty-four strains were picked randomly and grown on modified R2YE medium, limited in phosphate, with glucose or glycerol as the main carbon source. The total lipid content and antibiotic activity against Micrococcus luteus were assessed for each strain. This study revealed that the ability to accumulate lipids was not evenly distributed among strains and that glycerol was more lipogenic than glucose and had a negative impact on antibiotic biosynthesis. Furthermore, a statistically significant negative Pearson correlation between lipid content and antibiotic activity could be established for most strains, but a few strains escape this general law. These exceptions are likely due to limits and biases linked to the type of test used to determine antibiotic activity, which relies exclusively on Micrococcus luteus sensitivity. They are characterized either by high lipid content and high antibiotic activity or by low lipid content and undetectable antibiotic activity against Micrococcus luteus. Lastly, the comparative genomic analysis of two strains with contrasting lipid content, and both named Streptomyces antibioticus (DSM 41,481 and DSM 40,868, which we found to be phylogenetically related to Streptomyces lavenduligriseus), indicated that some genetic differences in various pathways related to the generation/consumption of acetylCoA could be responsible for such a difference.

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Taher, Nehad A., Ansam S. Husen, Zahraa Sh Mahmood, and Ghanyia J. Shanior. "A Study on Actinorhodin-like Substance Production by Streptomyces IQ45." Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Science 31, no. 3 (August 20, 2020): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.23851/mjs.v31i3.93.

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Production of pH-pigment (actinorhodin – like substance) was ascertained from ten Streptomyses isolates. Streptomyses IQ45 isolate was only isolated which produced pH- sensitive pigment. The production of pH-sensitive pigment was detected by fuming over ammonia. After extraction of this antibiotic, a number of physiocochemical characterizations were carried out which involved (IR, UV, MP, CHN-analysis, and solubility test). Indicated that this antibiotic is an actinorhodin-like substance. TLC of the extracted substance showed a single spot with Rf value equivalent to (0.26) which was close to that of actinorhodin.These antibiotics showed inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus similar to that of actinorhodin produced by Streptomyces coelicolor A3 (2). The productivity of this antibiotics was (45 mg/L) at pH 8.5 and (40 mg/L) at pH 7 from the mycelial mat and (10 mg/L) when extracted from the liquid medium at pH7.

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Okamoto-Hosoya, Yoshiko, Susumu Okamoto, and Kozo Ochi. "Development of Antibiotic-Overproducing Strains by Site-Directed Mutagenesis of the rpsL Gene in Streptomyces lividans." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69, no. 7 (July 2003): 4256–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.69.7.4256-4259.2003.

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ABSTRACT Certain rpsL (which encodes the ribosomal protein S12) mutations that confer resistance to streptomycin markedly activate the production of antibiotics in Streptomyces spp. These rpsL mutations are known to be located in the two conserved regions within the S12 protein. To understand the roles of these two regions in the activation of silent genes, we used site-directed mutagenesis to generate eight novel mutations in addition to an already known (K88E) mutation that is capable of activating antibiotic production in Streptomyces lividans. Of these mutants, two (L90K and R94G) activated antibiotic production much more than the K88E mutant. Neither the L90K nor the R94G mutation conferred an increase in the level of resistance to streptomycin and paromomycin. Our results demonstrate the efficacy of the site-directed mutagenesis technique for strain improvement.

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Loboda, M. I., L. O. Biliavska, and G. O. Iutynska. "Biosynthesis of Polyene Antibiotics and Phytohormones by Streptomyces netropsis IMV Ac-5025 under the Action of Exogenous Isopentenyladenosine." Mikrobiolohichnyi Zhurnal 83, no. 2 (April 17, 2021): 32–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/microbiolj83.02.032.

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Streptomyces are active producers of a wide range of metabolites with multidirectional biological activity. Streptomyces netropsis IMV Ac-5025 synthesizes a polyene antibiotic complex in which two fractions were identified: heptaene candidine and a new tetraene fraction of unknown structure. The influence of secondary metabolites on the polyene antibiotics biosynthesis by soil streptomycetes is insufficiently explored. The aim of this work was to research the effect of exogenous isopentenyladenosine on the biosynthesis of polyene antibiotics and cytokinins by S. netropsis IMV Ac-5025. Methods. The strain was cultured in submerged cultivation condition in organic (soy) and synthetic (starch-ammonia) liquid nutrient media. The studies of biomass accumulation (gravimetric method), glucose consumption (glucose oxidase method), pH changes of culture media (ionometric method), biosynthesis of polyene antibiotics, and phytohormones (quantitative and qualitative thin layer chromatography spectrodensitometric method) were conducted. The results were analyzed in Statisticav.6.0 program. Results. It was found that polyene antibiotics are synthesized after the first day of cultivation, which indicates their role in the metabolism of streptomycetes. The biggest amount of the polyene antibiotics was accumulated in the stationary phase of producer growth (on the 7th day). It was found the decrease of polyene antibiotics and cytokinins accumulation in the producer’s biomass with the increase of exogenous cytokinin concentration from 25 ng/mL to 500 ng/mL. The bioproduction of the tetraene fraction was suppressed to a greater extent – up to 92% in the synthetic and up to 23% – in organic nutrient media. However, the amount of producer biomass increased under the action of the exogenous substance that confirming the positive effect of exogenous cytokinin on cell division of S. netropsis IMV Ac-5025. Exogenous isopentenyladenosine reduced the accumulation of endogenous cytokinins in streptomycetes biomass. Conclusions. The obtained results indicate an indirect metabolic relationship between the biosynthesis of polyene antibiotics and cytokinins in soil streptomycetes and provide a basis for the regulation of the biotechnological process for bioproduct formation with the appropriate quantitative composition of its components.

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IKEDA, YOKO, SHUICHI GOMI, KAZUTERU YOKOSE, HIROSHI NAGANAWA, TAKAKO IKEDA, MAYUMI MANABE, MASA HAMADA, SHINICHI KONDO, and HAMAO UMEZAWA. "A new streptomycin group antibiotic produced by Streptomyces sioyaensis." Journal of Antibiotics 38, no. 12 (1985): 1803–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.7164/antibiotics.38.1803.

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Tanaka, Yukinori, Mamoru Komatsu, Susumu Okamoto, Shinji Tokuyama, Akira Kaji, Haruo Ikeda, and Kozo Ochi. "Antibiotic Overproduction by rpsL and rsmG Mutants of Various Actinomycetes." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75, no. 14 (May 15, 2009): 4919–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00681-09.

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ABSTRACT Certain streptomycin resistance mutations (i.e., rpsL and rsmG) result in the overproduction of antibiotics in various actinomycetes. Moreover, rpsL rsmG double-mutant strains show a further increase in antibiotic production. rpsL but not rsmG mutations result in a marked enhancement of oligomycin production in Streptomyces avermitilis and erythromycin production in Saccharopolyspora erythraea, accompanied by increased transcription of a key developmental regulator gene, bldD, in the latter organism.

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Zhang, Zheren, Chao Du, Frédérique de Barsy, Michael Liem, Apostolos Liakopoulos, Gilles P. van Wezel, Young H. Choi, Dennis Claessen, and Daniel E. Rozen. "Antibiotic production in Streptomyces is organized by a division of labor through terminal genomic differentiation." Science Advances 6, no. 3 (January 2020): eaay5781. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aay5781.

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One of the hallmark behaviors of social groups is division of labor, where different group members become specialized to carry out complementary tasks. By dividing labor, cooperative groups increase efficiency, thereby raising group fitness even if these behaviors reduce individual fitness. We find that antibiotic production in colonies of Streptomyces coelicolor is coordinated by a division of labor. We show that S. coelicolor colonies are genetically heterogeneous because of amplifications and deletions to the chromosome. Cells with chromosomal changes produce diversified secondary metabolites and secrete more antibiotics; however, these changes reduced individual fitness, providing evidence for a trade-off between antibiotic production and fitness. Last, we show that colonies containing mixtures of mutants and their parents produce significantly more antibiotics, while colony-wide spore production remains unchanged. By generating specialized mutants that hyper-produce antibiotics, streptomycetes reduce the fitness costs of secreted secondary metabolites while maximizing the yield and diversity of these products.

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Matselyukh, B. P., S. L. Golembiovska, and O. I. Bambura. "Screening of Soil Streptomycetes – Producers of Antibiotics against Phytopathogenic Bacteria." Mikrobiolohichnyi Zhurnal 82, no. 5 (October 17, 2020): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/microbiolj82.05.036.

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Soil is an inexhaustible source of bacteria of the genus Streptomyces – the producers of the vast majority of known antibiotics that are successfully used in medicine, veterinary and agriculture. The emergence and spread of pathogenic bacteria resistance to antibiotics requires the search for new antibiotic compounds capable of overcoming this problem. Aim. The purpose of this work was to isolate streptomycetes from soil samples of Kyiv and the Kyiv region and study their antibiotic activity against four strains of the different species of phytopathogenic bacteria. Methods. A suspension of soil in distilled water was sown on solid Chapek or corn-soybean medium in Petri dishes, in which trimethoprim and nystatin were introduced to inhibit bacterial and fungal growth. The antibiotic activity of the streptomycetes was tested by setting their agar discs on lawns of phytopathogenic bacteria in Petri dishes. Antibiotics were extracted from the streptomycetes agar cultures with a mixture of chloroform and acetone (2:1), dried in a rotary vacuum evaporator, dissolved in ethanol, separated and purified by thin layer chromatography on aluminum plates (Silica gel 60 F254 from Merck KGaA). The UV/Vis absorption spectra of the antibiotics were measured with a Beckman DU 8 spectrophotometer. Results. 10 strains of streptomycetes were isolated from the soil samples of Kyiv and the Kyiv region, whose antibiotic activity was tested against four phytopathogenic bacteria using the agar block method. Three of the streptomycetes – B8, SK and KZ, formed growth inhibition zones of different phytopathogens on complete medium in Petri dishes, among which the strain SK was the most active. This strain showed antibiotic activity against all four phytopathogenic bacteria – P. syringae 8511, P. carotovorum 8982, C. michiganensis 10 and X. campestris 8003. Conclusions. The results obtained are of interest for the protection of sensitive plants by isolated antibiotics against phytopathogenic bacteria in hothouse conditions.

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de Lima Procópio, Rudi Emerson, Ingrid Reis da Silva, Mayra Kassawara Martins, João Lúcio de Azevedo, and Janete Magali de Araújo. "Antibiotics produced by Streptomyces." Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases 16, no. 5 (September 2012): 466–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bjid.2012.08.014.

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Almalki, Mohammed A. "In-Vitro Screening and Biosynthesis of Secondary Metabolites from a New Streptomyces sp. SA1 from a Marine Environment." Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology 21, no. 13 (November 28, 2020): 1333–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389201021666200622120850.

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Background: Streptomyces sp. produces various antibiotic agents and the number of lead molecules from the genus Streptomyces increased rapidly in recent years. Drug resistance against various commercially available antibiotics is one of the important problems throughout the world. Streptomyces spp. produce various antimicrobials with potent activity against drug-resistant bacteria. Methods: Streptomyces sp. SA1 was isolated from the marine environment for the biosynthesis of antibiotics. The important variables influencing secondary metabolite biosynthesis were optimized to increase the biosynthesis of antimicrobial agents using the traditional method and statistical approach. Results: Streptomyces sp. SA1 produced novel antibiotics and the process variables were optimized by the traditional method (One-variable-at-a-time approach). Maltose showed maximum antimicrobial activity (220 U/mL). Analysis of the nitrogen, the effect of nitrogen sources revealed that beef extract incorporated culture medium showed rich antibacterial activity (188/mL). Among the ionic sources, KCl significantly influenced antibiotic production. Maltose, beef extract and KCl were considered as the most influencing medium components. Antimicrobial agent biosynthesis was achieved with maltose 1.22 g/L, beef extract 0.93 g/L and KCl 0.27 g/L in response surface methodology. Conclusion: Actinomycetes, especially Streptomyces, play an important role as a source for bioactive compounds that are used to treat infections, and many other diseases. The isolated Streptomyces sp. was a good producer of antibacterial agent, which required various nutritional supplements in the culture medium. The optimized medium components investigated in this study will be useful for future studies with the mass production of secondary metabolites.

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TOHYAMA, HIROYOSHI, YOSHIRO OKAMI, and HAMAO UMEZAWA. "Negative control for the expression of streptomycin resistance gene from streptomycin-producing Streptomyces griseus." Journal of Antibiotics 39, no. 10 (1986): 1505–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.7164/antibiotics.39.1505.

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Chater, Keith F. "Streptomyces inside-out: a new perspective on the bacteria that provide us with antibiotics." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 361, no. 1469 (February 8, 2006): 761–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2005.1758.

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Many of the antibiotics used today are made by a group of bacteria called Streptomyces . Streptomycetes evolved about 450 million years ago as branched filamentous organisms adapted to the utilization of plant remains. They reproduce by sending up specialized aerial branches, which form spores. Aerial growth is parasitic on the primary colony, which is digested and reused for aerial growth. The reproductive phase is coordinated with the secretion of antibiotics, which may protect the colony against invading bacteria during aerial growth. A clue to the integration of antibiotic production and aerial growth is provided by bldA mutants, which are defective in both processes. These mutants lack the ability to translate a particularly rare codon, UUA, in the genetic code. The UUA codon (TTA in DNA) is present in several regulatory genes that control sets of antibiotic production genes, and in one, bldH that controls aerial mycelium formation. The regulatory genes for antibiotic production are all involved in self-reinforcing regulatory systems that potentially amplify the regulatory significance of small changes in the efficiency of translation of UUA codons. One of the regulatory targets of bldH is an extracellular protease inhibitor protein that is likely to delay the digestion of the primary biomass until the colony is ready for aerial growth. The use of the UUA codon to orchestrate different aspects of extracellular biology appeared very early in Streptomyces evolution.

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HARA, OSAMU, and C. RICHARD HUTCHINSON. "Cloning of midecamycin (MLS)-resistance genes from Streptomyces mycarofacines, Streptomyces lividans and streptomyces coelicolor A3(2)." Journal of Antibiotics 43, no. 8 (1990): 977–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.7164/antibiotics.43.977.

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Price, Brenda, Trifon Adamidis, Renqui Kong, and Wendy Champness. "A Streptomyces coelicolor Antibiotic Regulatory Gene, absB, Encodes an RNase III Homolog." Journal of Bacteriology 181, no. 19 (October 1, 1999): 6142–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.181.19.6142-6151.1999.

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ABSTRACT Streptomyces coelicolor produces four genetically and structurally distinct antibiotics in a growth-phase-dependent manner.S. coelicolor mutants globally deficient in antibiotic production (Abs− phenotype) have previously been isolated, and some of these were found to define the absB locus. In this study, we isolated absB-complementing DNA and show that it encodes the S. coelicolor homolog of RNase III (rnc). Several lines of evidence indicate that theabsB mutant global defect in antibiotic synthesis is due to a deficiency in RNase III. In marker exchange experiments, the S. coelicolor rnc gene rescued absB mutants, restoring antibiotic production. Sequencing the DNA of absB mutants confirmed that the absB mutations lay in thernc open reading frame. Constructed disruptions ofrnc in both S. coelicolor 1501 andStreptomyces lividans 1326 caused an Abs−phenotype. An absB mutation caused accumulation of 30S rRNA precursors, as had previously been reported for E. coli rncmutants. The absB gene is widely conserved in streptomycetes. We speculate on why an RNase III deficiency could globally affect the synthesis of antibiotics.

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Quinn, Gerry A., Alyaa M. Abdelhameed, Nada K. Alharbi, Diego Cobice, Simms A. Adu, Martin T. Swain, Helena Carla Castro, et al. "The Isolation of a Novel Streptomyces sp. CJ13 from a Traditional Irish Folk Medicine Alkaline Grassland Soil that Inhibits Multiresistant Pathogens and Yeasts." Applied Sciences 11, no. 1 (December 27, 2020): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11010173.

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The World Health Organization recently stated that new sources of antibiotics are urgently required to stem the global spread of antibiotic resistance, especially in multiresistant Gram-negative bacteria. Although it was thought that many of the original sources of antibiotics were exhausted, innovative research has revealed promising new sources of antibiotic discovery in traditional medicine associated with Streptomyces. In this work we investigated the potential of a specific limestone grassland soil, associated with Irish folk medicine, as a new source of antimicrobial discovery. Using selective enrichment and isolation techniques on a limestone grassland soil sample obtained from Boho, West Fermanagh, we isolated Streptomyces sp. CJ13. This bacterium inhibited the growth of a broad range of pathogens in vitro including Gram positive Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA 43300) and Gram negative multiresistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA01), as well as the anaerobic bacteria Propionibacterium acnes and the yeast Starmerella bombicola. Genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis revealed Streptomyces sp. CJ13 to be closely related to an unclassified Streptomyces sp. MJM1172, Streptomyces sp. Mg1 and two species known as Streptomyces sp. ICC1 and ICC4 from a karst region in British Columbia. The closest type species to Streptomyces sp. CJ13 was Streptomyces lavendulae subspecies lavendulae. Analysis of Streptomyces sp. CJ13 whole genome sequence using the secondary metabolite prediction tool antiSMASH revealed similarities to several antibiotic gene synthesis clusters including salinichelin, mediomycin A, weishanmycin, combamide, heat stable antifungal factor and SAL-2242. These results demonstrate the potential of this alkaline grassland soil as a new resource for the discovery of a broad range of antimicrobial compounds including those effective against multiresistant Gram negative bacteria.

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Ekundayo, FO, KA Oyeniran, and AD Adedokun. "Antimicrobial activities of some Streptomyces isolated from garden soil samples and fish pond water in Futa." Journal of Bio-Science 22 (October 21, 2016): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v22i0.30005.

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Context: Streptomyces are potential sources for secondary metabolites possessing a variety of biological activities with antimicrobial activity, which is used for human and animal treatment. It is estimated these bacteria synthesize more than 7,000 metabolites. About 80% of these are made by members of the genus Streptomyces. Streptomyces spp. is known as producers of several bioactive metabolites which has antibiotic, antiparasitic, antitumor, insecticide, herbicide, etc.Objectives: Determine the antimicrobial activities of Streptomyces isolates and compare the efficacy of the antimicrobial activities of Streptomycetes with selected commercial antimicrobial agents.Materials and methods: Collection of samples and test organisms; physicochemical screening; antimicrobial assay (co-culture method); antibiotics sensitivity test (disc-diffusion assay).Result: Streptomyces griseoflavus, Streptomyces parvus and Streptomyces albidus were isolated from dry soil while Streptomyces vinaceus and Streptomyces globiosporus from moist-fresh soil and fish pond water used for cultivation of cat fish Clarias garienpinus respectively. Out of these five (5) isolates isolated, 3 isolates (60%) exhibited antibacterial activity against the following pathogenic, nosocomial organisms: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida spp, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus saprophyticus, and Trichoderma spp respectively. S. griseoflavus demonstrated antibacterial activity against K. pneumoniae, Trichoderma spp and Candida spp. S. albidus against S. typhi and A. fumigatus while S. parvus was inhibitory to S. aureus and A. fumigatus. The active isolates inhibited bacteria growth (0 to 39.33 mm). Commercial antimicrobials used also demonstrated inhibitory effects against the test pathogens.Conclusion: The garden soil of FUTA farm contains Streptomyces spp. with antibacterial and antifungal activities.J. bio-sci. 22: 21-29, 2014

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Ostash, B. O., O. S. Yushchuk, O. T. Koshla, Y. Rebets, I. S. Ostash, Y. V. Sehin, T. Busche, J. Kalinowski, G. Muth, and V. O. Fedorenko. "Elucidation of the genetic mechanisms contributing to moenomycin resistance in actinobacteria." Faktori eksperimental'noi evolucii organizmiv 22 (September 9, 2018): 203–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.7124/feeo.v22.949.

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Aim. Moenomycins are phosphoglycolipid antibiotics produced almost exclusively by representatives of genus Streptomyces. These antibiotics directly inhibit peptidoglycan glycosyltransferases and are extremely active against cocci. Here we studied how antibiotic-producing actinobacteria protect themselves from toxic action of moenomycins. Methods. Microbiological and molecular genetic approaches were combined to reveal intrinsic levels and distribution of moenomycin resistance across actinobacteria genera, and to pinpoint genes contributing to moenomycin resistance in model strain Streptomyces coelicolor M145. Results. Out of 51 actinobacterial species (90 % of which Streptomyces) being tested, only Streptomyces albus J1074 turned out to be highly susceptible to moenomycin A, although resistant variants can be facilely raised. Several classes of mutations increased level of susceptibility of S. coelicolor to moenomycin, although in no case the latter was equal to what we observed in J1074 strain. Conclusions. Moenomycin resistance is widespread across actinobacteria, and it most likely is caused by a combination factors, such as richly decorated cell wall and organization of divisome apparatus. It is possible that moenomycin resistance mechanisms operating in actinobacteria and pathogenic cocci are different. Keywords: moenomycin, antibiotic resistance, peptidoglycan.

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Durojaye, Hammed Abiodun, and Georgia Chinemenwa Agu. "ANTIBIOTICS PRODUCING BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM FARMLANDS." Bacterial Empire 2, no. 4 (December 5, 2019): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.36547/be.2019.2.4.99-102.

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The need for new antibiotics has been highlighted recently with the increasing pace of emergence of drug resistance pathogens. Emerging strains of bacteria resistant to most advanced antibiotics have become issues of very important public health concern. Modification of existing antibiotics with the addition of side chains or other chemical group and genomics based drug targeting have been the preferred method of drug development at the corporate level in recent years. In this regard, soil samples were collected from farmlands located in Ibadan in Oyo state, Ago – Iwoye, and Ikenne in Ogun state, Nigeria. Two putative Streptomyces strains and Bacillus strains isolated from the 16 selected farmland soils were characterized and assessed for antibiotic production and activity against a wide range of bacteria including Klebsiella pneumonia, Serratia marscens, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis. The extracts of the putative obtained from Streptomyces somaliensis, Streptomyces anulatus, Bacillus megaterium, and Bacillus subtilis showed activities against minimum of 3 and maximum of the 4 of the 7 tested bacteria. Inhibition zones were found to range between 2.0 - 25.0 mm diameters at a concentration of 1ml. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the crude extracts against the tested organisms ranged from 50% and above. Bacillus megaterium, and Streptomyces somaliensis were found to inhibit all the pathogenic bacteria, while S. anulatus was unable to inhibit Proteus vulgaris and Staphylococcus aureus, and B. Subtilis was unable to inhibit Enterococcus faecalis.

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YAMAMOTO, HIROKAZU, KARL H. MAURER, and C. RICHARD HUTCHINSON. "Transformation of Streptomyces erythraeus." Journal of Antibiotics 39, no. 9 (1986): 1304–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.7164/antibiotics.39.1304.

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Petković, Hrvoje, John Cullum, Daslav Hranueli, Iain S. Hunter, Nataša Perić-Concha, Jasenka Pigac, Arinthip Thamchaipenet, Dušica Vujaklija, and Paul F. Long. "Genetics of Streptomyces rimosus, the Oxytetracycline Producer." Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 70, no. 3 (September 2006): 704–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mmbr.00004-06.

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SUMMARY From a genetic standpoint, Streptomyces rimosus is arguably the best-characterized industrial streptomycete as the producer of oxytetracycline and other tetracycline antibiotics. Although resistance to these antibiotics has reduced their clinical use in recent years, tetracyclines have an increasing role in the treatment of emerging infections and noninfective diseases. Procedures for in vivo and in vitro genetic manipulations in S. rimosus have been developed since the 1950s and applied to study the genetic instability of S. rimosus strains and for the molecular cloning and characterization of genes involved in oxytetracycline biosynthesis. Recent advances in the methodology of genome sequencing bring the realistic prospect of obtaining the genome sequence of S. rimosus in the near term.

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Andres, Nikolaus, Heinz Wolf, and Hans Zähner. "Hormaomycin, a New Peptide Lactone Antibiotic Effective in Inducing Cytodifferentiation and Antibiotic Biosynthesis in Some Streptomyces Species." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 45, no. 7-8 (August 1, 1990): 851–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1990-7-817.

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Abstract Hormaomycin is a novel signal metabolite from Streptomyces griseoflavus W-384 with aerial mycelium-inducing activity. The compound has been identified as an unusual peptide lactone. Hormaomycin displays three biological activities: First, it initiates the development of aerial mycelia in some Streptomyces strains. The mechanism responsible for this activity is unknown. Secondly, hormaomycin is effective in stimulating antibiotic production in different Streptomyces species. Thus, it is possible to get overproduction of a variety of antibiotics by the use of hormaomycin in fermentation processes. Thirdly, it inhibits the growth of some bacteria. The sensitive bacteria are restricted to coryneform taxa such as Arthrobacter and Corynebacterium which are closely related to Streptomyces.

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Gyimesi, J., I. Horváth, and A. Szentirmai. "Antibiotics produced by Streptomyces V. A new antibiotic K 358." Zeitschrift für allgemeine Mikrobiologie 4, no. 4 (January 24, 2007): 269–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jobm.19640040403.

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Suad A Al-Hilu and Wisam H Al-Shujairi. "Molecular characterization of covalently closed circular plasmid DNA in local Streptomyces strains isolated from soil with detection of antibiotic production and antibacterial activity." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 10, no. 3 (July 19, 2019): 2142–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v10i3.1441.

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Various of Streptomyces species have two kinds of plasmids, circular plasmids (8 to 31 kb) and linear plasmids (12 to 1700 kb). Covalently closed circular (CCC) plasmids are profuse in the genus of Streptomyces and involved in production and resistance of antibiotics by genetic controlling. We collected fifty clinical soil samples from different regions in Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf province/Iraq. The samples included five from Al-Ghadeer Quarter, five from Al-Karama Quarter, 10 from Kufa University, five from Al-Ameer Quarter, four from Al-Forat Quarter, 10 from North Quarters and eleven from desert roads in Al-Najaf. Diluted samples were cultured on Yeast extract Malt extract (YEME) agar medium as a selective medium; then the presumptive Streptomyces colonies were subcultured on Tryptone Yeast extract (TYE) agar, then incubation at 37ᵒC for 7 days. Seven biochemical tests for identification of Streptomyces isolates these are: Catalase test, Oxidase test, Urase test, Kligler Iron Agar test (KIA), Simmon᾽s Citrate test, addition to MacConkey agar test and Mannitol Salt agar test. Five antibiotic discs were used for detection of antibiotic sensitivity of the Streptomyces isolates; these are: Tetracycline, Gentamycin, Vancomycin, Ampicillin, Erythromycin. The sensitivity of the antibiotics was observed by recorded the diameter of inhibition zone around the discs. Two test bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli) were used for the determination of antibacterial activity. Plasmid isolation was done by the alkaline lysis method. This method is characterized by the rapid isolation of DNA from Streptomyces. Then, detection of Plasmid DNA occurred by using agarose gel electrophoresis.

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Hwang, Byung Kook, Sang Joon Ahn, and Surk Sik Moon. "Production, purification, and antifungal activity of the antibiotic nucleoside, tubercidin, produced by Streptomyces violaceoniger." Canadian Journal of Botany 72, no. 4 (April 1, 1994): 480–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b94-064.

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Three antibiotic substances strongly inhibitory to Phytophthora capsici or Magnaporthe grisea were isolated from the broth culture of Streptomyces violaceoniger strain A50. A butanol-soluble mixture of antibiotics from the broth were partially purified by XAD-2 column chromatography. The XAD-2 eluates inhibited the mycelial growth of P. capsici and M. grisea and the development of Phytophthora blight on pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) plants. The antibiotics were separated by silica gel column chromatography and then purified on a Sephadex LH-20 column to yield three peaks of antifungal activity: SF1A, SF1B, and SF2A. The pure antibiotic SF2A was further purified by preparative HPLC and identified as the pyrrolo[2,3-d]-pyrimidine nucleoside tubercidin based on the UV, 1H, and 13C NMR spectral data and other chemical evidence. The antibiotic SF2A and authentic tubercidin showed a high antifungal activity against the plant pathogenic fungi P. capsici, Botryosphaeria dothidea, and Rhizoctonia solani. Key words: Streptomyces violaceoniger, tubercidin, antifungal activity.

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Nguyen, Trung Hieu, Phuoc Dat Nguyen, Thi Ngoc Quyen Nguyen, Le Truc Ha Tran, Quoc Dang Quan, and Hoang Chuong Nguyen. "Study of antibacterial activity of Streptomyces sp. SS473 isolated from plants against ESBL-producing Escherichia coli." Ministry of Science and Technology, Vietnam 63, no. 9 (September 25, 2021): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31276/vjst.63(9).26-32.

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The broad spectrum β-lactamase-producing E. coli(ESBL) is a dangerous bacterial pathogen in humans due to its resistance to many antibiotics. This is especially serious in the context of a limited number of new antibiotics for treating bacterial infections. This leads to a global public health threat and places an urgent need for new antibiotics. In this study, the authors investigated the antibacterial properties of an actinomyces strain isolated from the plant Clinacanthus nutans against the ESBL-producing E. coli strains. These actinomyces strains were designated as SS473. Moreover, SS473 showed a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity on several clinically isolated pathogenic bacteria. Culture media have different effects on the antibacterial activity of SS473. In stability tests, the antibacterial activity of strain SS473 remained at a temperature up to 80oC but was lost at pH 3 and 13. By contrast, the antibacterial activity was not affected by UV and protease treatments. Based on the results of morphological identification with specific media for Streptomyces and molecular identification on 16S rRNA gene, strain SS473 was suggested to belong to the Streptomyces genus and was named Streptomycessp. SS473. The results in this study will pave the way for the following research on the identification of secondary metabolites having antibacterial activity and their biosynthetic pathways in Streptomyces sp. SS473 in the future

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van Wezel, Gilles P., Preben Krabben, Bjørn A. Traag, Bart J. F. Keijser, Rob Kerste, Erik Vijgenboom, Josef J. Heijnen, and Barend Kraal. "Unlocking Streptomyces spp. for Use as Sustainable Industrial Production Platforms by Morphological Engineering." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72, no. 8 (August 2006): 5283–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00808-06.

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ABSTRACT Filamentous actinomycetes are commercially widely used as producers of natural products (in particular antibiotics) and of industrial enzymes. However, the mycelial lifestyle of actinomycetes, resulting in highly viscous broths and unfavorable pellet formation, has been a major bottleneck in their commercialization. Here we describe the successful morphological engineering of industrially important streptomycetes through controlled expression of the morphogene ssgA. This led to improved growth of many industrial and reference streptomycetes, with fragmentation of the mycelial clumps resulting in significantly enhanced growth rates in batch fermentations of Streptomyces coelicolor and Streptomyces lividans. Product formation was also stimulated, with a twofold increase in yield of enzyme production by S. lividans. We anticipate that the use of the presented methodology will make actinomycetes significantly more attractive as industrial and sustainable production hosts.

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Nishimura, Kenji, Takeshi Hosaka, Shinji Tokuyama, Susumu Okamoto, and Kozo Ochi. "Mutations in rsmG, Encoding a 16S rRNA Methyltransferase, Result in Low-Level Streptomycin Resistance and Antibiotic Overproduction in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2)." Journal of Bacteriology 189, no. 10 (March 23, 2007): 3876–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01776-06.

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ABSTRACT Certain str mutations that confer high- or low-level streptomycin resistance result in the overproduction of antibiotics by Streptomyces spp. The str mutations that confer the high-level resistance occur within rpsL, which encodes the ribosomal protein S12, while those that cause low-level resistance are not as well known. We have used comparative genome sequencing to determine that low-level resistance is caused by mutations of rsmG, which encodes an S-adenosylmethionine (SAM)-dependent 16S rRNA methyltransferase containing a SAM binding motif. Deletion of rsmG from wild-type Streptomyces coelicolor resulted in the acquisition of streptomycin resistance and the overproduction of the antibiotic actinorhodin. Introduction of wild-type rsmG into the deletion mutant completely abrogated the effects of the rsmG deletion, confirming that rsmG mutation underlies the observed phenotype. Consistent with earlier work using a spontaneous rsmG mutant, the strain carrying ΔrsmG exhibited increased SAM synthetase activity, which mediated the overproduction of antibiotic. Moreover, high-performance liquid chromatography analysis showed that the ΔrsmG mutant lacked a 7-methylguanosine modification in the 16S rRNA (possibly at position G518, which corresponds to G527 of Escherichia coli). Like certain rpsL mutants, the ΔrsmG mutant exhibited enhanced protein synthetic activity during the late growth phase. Unlike rpsL mutants, however, the ΔrsmG mutant showed neither greater stability of the 70S ribosomal complex nor increased expression of ribosome recycling factor, suggesting that the mechanism underlying increased protein synthesis differs in the rsmG and the rpsL mutants. Finally, spontaneous rsmG mutations arose at a 1,000-fold-higher frequency than rpsL mutations. These findings provide new insight into the role of rRNA modification in activating secondary metabolism in Streptomyces.

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Aceti, David J., and Wendy C. Champness. "Transcriptional Regulation of Streptomyces coelicolorPathway-Specific Antibiotic Regulators by the absA andabsB Loci." Journal of Bacteriology 180, no. 12 (June 15, 1998): 3100–3106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.180.12.3100-3106.1998.

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ABSTRACT The four antibiotics produced by Streptomyces coelicolor are all affected by mutations in the absAand absB loci. The absA locus encodes a putative two-component signal transduction system, and theabsB locus encodes a homolog of Escherichia coli RNase III. We assessed whether these loci control synthesis of the antibiotics actinorhodin and undecylprodigiosin by regulating transcript abundance from the biosynthetic and regulatory genes specific for each antibiotic. Strains that were Abs− (for antibiotic synthesis deficient) due to mutations in absA orabsB were examined. In the Abs− absA mutant strain, transcripts for the actinorhodin biosynthetic genes actVI-ORF1 and actI, and for the pathway-specific regulatory gene actII-ORF4, were substantially lower in abundance than in the parent strain. The level of the transcript for the undecylprodigiosin pathway-specific regulatory gene redD was similarly reduced in this mutant. Additionally, a strain that exhibits precocious hyperproduction of antibiotics (Pha phenotype) due to disruption of the absAlocus contained elevated levels of the actVI-ORF1,actII-ORF4, and redD transcripts. In theabsB mutant strain, actVI-ORF1,actI, actII-ORF4, and redDtranscript levels were also substantially lower than in the parent strain. These results establish that the abs genes affect production of antibiotics through regulation of expression of the antibiotic-specific regulatory genes in S. coelicolor.

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30

Dekleva, Michael L., and William R. Strohl. "Biosynthesis of ε-rhodomycinone from glucose by Streptomyces C5 and comparison with intermediary metabolism of other polyketide-producing streptomycetes." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 34, no. 11 (November 1, 1988): 1235–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m88-217.

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The catabolism of glucose by Streptomyces C5, a producer of anthracycline antibiotics, was investigated to determine the pathways that supply precursors for anthracycline biosynthesis. Carbons for the biosynthesis of ε-rhodomycinone, an anthracycline aglycone, from radiolabelled glucose were derived primarily from the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway, with a minor contribution from the pentose phosphate pathway. Furthermore, the anthracycline-producing strain, Streptomyces C5, as well as Streptomyces aureofaciens and Streptomyces lividans, strains that produce nonanthracycline polyketide antibiotics, displayed enzyme activities indicative of the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas and pentose phosphate glycolytic pathways. As determined from labelling patterns, Streptomyces C5 apparently has a complete tricarboxylic acid cycle, but does not have a glyoxylate bypass pathway.

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JIZBA, JOSEF V., PETR SEDMERA, ZDENKO VANEK, HANNELORE DRAUTZ, and HANS ZÄHNER. "Two thiolactones from Streptomyces TUE 2476." Journal of Antibiotics 38, no. 1 (1985): 111–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.7164/antibiotics.38.111.

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32

MIKAMI, YUZURU, KATSUHIRO TAKAHASHI, KAZUTAKA FUKUSHIMA, KATSUKIYO YAZAWA, TADASHI ARAI, AKINORI KUBO, NAOKI SAITO, and NANKO KAWAKAMI. "A new pigment from Streptomyces lavendulae." Journal of Antibiotics 40, no. 3 (1987): 385–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.7164/antibiotics.40.385.

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ARGOUDELIS, A. D., L. BACZYNSKYJ, W. J. HAAK, W. M. KNOLL, S. A. MIZSAK, and F. B. SHILLIDAY. "New paulomycins produced by Streptomyces paulus." Journal of Antibiotics 41, no. 2 (1988): 157–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.7164/antibiotics.41.157.

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34

KONDO, KOICHI, YUTAKA HIGUCHI, SHOHEI SAKUDA, TAKUYA NIHIRA, and YASUHIRO YAMADA. "New virginiae butanolides from Streptomyces virginiae." Journal of Antibiotics 42, no. 12 (1989): 1873–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.7164/antibiotics.42.1873.

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35

YAGI, YOSHIHIKO. "Transposition of Tn4560 in Streptomyces avermitilis." Journal of Antibiotics 43, no. 9 (1990): 1204–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.7164/antibiotics.43.1204.

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36

KAKINUMA, SHIZUKO, HARUO IKEDA, SATOSHI OMURA, and DAVID A. HOPWOOD. "Biosynthesis of kalafungin in Streptomyces tanashiensis." Journal of Antibiotics 43, no. 4 (1990): 391–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.7164/antibiotics.43.391.

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37

KUROKAWA, TAKASHI, KATSUHIRO SUZUKI, TATSUMI HAYAOKA, TAIZO NAKAGAWA, TAKEO IZAWA, MASUKO KOBAYASHI, and NOBUYUKI HARADA. "Cyclophostin, acetylocholinesterase inhibitor from Streptomyces lavendulae." Journal of Antibiotics 46, no. 8 (1993): 1315–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.7164/antibiotics.46.1315.

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38

KULANTHAIVEL, PALANIAPPAN, THOMAS J. PERUN, MATTHEW D. BELVO, ROBERT J. STROBEL, DONALD C. PAUL, and DANIEL C. WILLIAMS. "Novel Naphthoquinones from a Streptomyces sp." Journal of Antibiotics 52, no. 3 (1999): 256–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.7164/antibiotics.52.256.

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39

Chang, Tien-Lin, Tzu-Wen Huang, Ying-Xuan Wang, Chang-Pan Liu, Ralph Kirby, Chien-Ming Chu, and Chih-Hung Huang. "An Actinobacterial Isolate, Streptomyces sp. YX44, Produces Broad-Spectrum Antibiotics That Strongly Inhibit Staphylococcus aureus." Microorganisms 9, no. 3 (March 18, 2021): 630. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9030630.

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The need for new antibiotics is increasing due to their overuse, and antibiotic resistance has become one of the major threats worldwide to public health, food safety, and clinical treatment. In this study, we describe an actinobacterial isolate, YX44, which belongs to the genus Streptomyces. This Streptomyces was isolated from a drinking pipe located in Osaka, Japan, and has the ability to inhibit Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, and various fungi. YX44 fermentation broth shows strong activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, as well as also inhibiting clinical isolates of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The YX44 antibacterial substances in the broth are relatively heat-stable, show high stability from the pH range 1 to 11, and have good solubility in both organic and non-organic solvents. Size-exclusion chromatography revealed that the YX44 antibacterial compounds are less than 1000 Da in size. LC-MS was able to identify three possible candidate molecules with molecular weights of 308, 365, 460, and 653 g/mol; none of these sizes correspond to any well-known antibiotics. Our results show that Streptomyces sp. YX44 seems to produce a number of novel antibiotics with high pH stability and good solubility that have significant activity against S. aureus, including multidrug-resistant strains.

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40

JOHDO, OSAMU, TOMOYUKI ISHIKURA, AKIHIRO YOSHIMOTO, and TOMIO TAKEUCHI. "Anthracycline metabolites from Streptomyces violaceus A262. I. Isolation of antibiotic-blocked mutants from Streptomyces violaceus A262." Journal of Antibiotics 44, no. 10 (1991): 1110–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.7164/antibiotics.44.1110.

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41

Dekleva, Michael L., and William R. Strohl. "Activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase of an anthracycline-producing streptomycete." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 34, no. 11 (November 1, 1988): 1241–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m88-218.

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During fermantation studies on the production of anthracycline antibiotics by Streptomyces C5, it was observed that among the intermediate metabolism enzymes tested, only phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPCase; EC 4.1.1.31) increased significantly in specific activity during stationary phase. The specific activity of the Streptomyces C5 PEPCase increased ca. 3-fold during antibiotic production phase from the logarithmic phase levels. To characterize the regulation of the enzyme further, the Streptomyces C5 PEPCase was purified 150-fold from crude extracts. Acetyl-CoA and Mg2+ were shown to be required for PEPCase activity. The activity of the partially purified PEPCase was stimulated slightly by fructose 1,6-bisphosphate and AMP, and was inhibited severely by oxaloacetate, aspartate, malate, succinate, ATP, citrate, and Co ASH.

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42

IWASAKI, AKIO, HIROSHI KISHIDA, and MASANORI OKANISHI. "Molecular cloning of a xylanase gene from Streptomyces sp. No. 36a and its expression in streptomycetes." Journal of Antibiotics 39, no. 7 (1986): 985–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.7164/antibiotics.39.985.

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43

Wang, Xiang-Jing, Yi-Jun Yan, Bo Zhang, Jing An, Ji-Jia Wang, Jun Tian, Ling Jiang, et al. "Genome Sequence of the Milbemycin-Producing Bacterium Streptomycesbingchenggensis." Journal of Bacteriology 192, no. 17 (June 25, 2010): 4526–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00596-10.

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ABSTRACT Streptomyces bingchenggensis is a soil-dwelling bacterium producing the commercially important anthelmintic macrolide milbemycins. Besides milbemycins, the insecticidal polyether antibiotic nanchangmycin and some other antibiotics have also been isolated from this strain. Here we report the complete genome sequence of S. bingchenggensis. The availability of the genome sequence of S. bingchenggensis should enable us to understand the biosynthesis of these structurally intricate antibiotics better and facilitate rational improvement of this strain to increase their titers.

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44

Thi Huyen, Phan, and Pham Huu Loc. "Study on effects of the initial concentrations of ingredients in the starch – casein medium on production of antibiotics against the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by Streptomyces flaveus." Science and Technology Development Journal 20, K8 (April 13, 2019): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v20ik8.1667.

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The bacterium Staphylococcus aureus is able to cause many diseases that are risky to human life. At present, the resistance of S. aureus to multiple antibiotics is a very difficult problem for healthcare industry in Vietnam and some other countries in the world. Streptomyces flaveus, an actinomycete isolated previously from the adjacent area of Ho Chi Minh City, is able to produce antibiotics against the methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). In this paper, we present the results of the investigation on effects of the initial concentrations of different ingredients in the stach – casein medium on fermentation by S. flaveus for production of antibiotics against the MRSA. While increasing the starch concentration, antibiotics produced were increased. Meanwhile, high concentrations of casein inhibited the actinomycete to produce antibiotics. For KNO3 and NaCl, both were neccesary for the antibiotic production. Though the increase in KNO3 concentration did not change the production of antibiotics against MRSA, the increase in NaCl concentration reduced the antibiotic production.

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45

Llama-Palacios, Arancha, Emilia López-Solanilla, and Pablo Rodríguez-Palenzuela. "The ybiT Gene of Erwinia chrysanthemi Codes for a Putative ABC Transporter and Is Involved in Competitiveness against Endophytic Bacteria during Infection." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68, no. 4 (April 2002): 1624–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.68.4.1624-1630.2002.

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ABSTRACT We investigated the role in bacterial infection of a putative ABC transporter, designated ybiT, of Erwinia chrysanthemi AC4150. The deduced sequence of this gene showed amino acid sequence similarity with other putative ABC transporters of gram-negative bacteria, such as Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, as well as structural similarity with proteins of Streptomyces spp. involved in resistance to macrolide antibiotics. The gene contiguous to ybiT, designated as pab (putative antibiotic biosynthesis) showed sequence similarity with Pseudomonas and Streptomyces genes involved in the biosynthesis of antibiotics. A ybiT mutant (BT117) was constructed by marker exchange. It retained full virulence in potato tubers and chicory leaves, but it showed reduced ability to compete in planta against the wild-type strain or against selected saprophytic bacteria. These results indicate that the ybiT gene plays a role in the in planta fitness of the bacteria.

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Ivanova, Veneta, Mariana Kolarova, and Krasja Aleksieva. "Malonyl-4,5-dihydroniphimycin: A New Polyol Macrolide Antibiotic, Produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 62, no. 9 (September 1, 2007): 1187–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2007-0913.

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Malonyl-4,5-dihydroniphimycin was isolated as a new antibiotic from the mycelium of Streptomyces hygroscopicus 15. The chemical constitution was elucidated from the physico-chemical properties, using NMR techniques and mass spectrometry, to be a 36-membered macrolide related to non-polyenic antibiotics. Malonyl-4,5-dihydroniphimycin displays activity against filamentous fungi and Gram-positive bacteria.

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Raatikainen, Olavi, Jouko Tuomisto, Risto Tahvonen, and Heikki Rosenqvist. "Polyene production of antagonistic Streptomyces species isolated from Sphagnum peat." Agricultural and Food Science 2, no. 6 (December 1, 1993): 551–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.72671.

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Several isolates of Streptomyces species, suppressive against fungal growth and obtained from light-coloured Sphagnum peat, produced polyene antibiotics. The mechanism of growth suppression by these isolates is probably partially explained by antibiosis, since there was a significant difference in the antibiotic production by suppressive vs. non-suppressive isolates. The antibiotic consists of several individual components, which form an aromatic heptaene complex of the candicidin type containing p-aminoacetophenone and mycosamine moieties. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the antibiotic against yeasts and fungi was the same as that of candicidin.

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HORINOUCHI, SUEHARU, MAKOTO NISHIYAMA, HIDEKI SUZUKI, YOICHI KUMADA, and TERUHIKO BEPPU. "The cloned Streptomyces bikiniensis A-factor determinant." Journal of Antibiotics 38, no. 5 (1985): 636–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.7164/antibiotics.38.636.

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PUDER, CARSTEN, AXEL ZEECK, and WINFRIED BEIL. "New Biologically Active Rubiginones from Streptomyces sp." Journal of Antibiotics 53, no. 4 (2000): 329–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.7164/antibiotics.53.329.

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50

NISHIOKA, HIROSHI, MASAYA IMOTO, TSUTOMU SAWA, MASA HAMADA, HIROSHI NAGANAWA, TOMIO TAKEUCHI, and KAZUO UMEZAWA. "Screening of phosphatidylinositol kinase inhibitors from Streptomyces." Journal of Antibiotics 42, no. 5 (1989): 823–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.7164/antibiotics.42.823.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Streptomyces; Antibiotics'

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