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Kenny, Lucy Margaret. "Memory processes in posttraumatic stress disorder." [New South Wales : University of New South Wales], 2006. http://www.library.unsw.edu.au/~thesis/adt-NUN/uploads/approved/adt-NUN20061110.142022/public/02whole.pdf.
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Cashin, Thomas Patrick. "Secondary traumatic stress in professional caregivers." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1997. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1430.
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Kalitsi, Eirini, and Catarina Brahesjö. "Mindfulness and stress related disorders : A scoping review about the influence of mindfulness-based interventions on individuals with stress- related disorders." Thesis, Högskolan i Jönköping, Hälsohögskolan, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-40080.
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Nash, Michelle C. "Deployment, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy among U.S. Active-Duty Military Women." Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6914.
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Introduction. Today women comprise 15% of the U.S. active-duty military, but are often overlooked in research of the Armed Forces. While some of the challenges faced by women are similar to men, they encounter unique stressors related to childcare while deployed, sexual harassment and assault, and gynecological needs. Women are also more likely than men to develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Both stress and PTSD have been linked to the development of chronic hypertension and some adverse birth outcomes. We hypothesized that post-9/11/2001 era military women who deployed or who had indicators of PTSD would be at greater risk of developing a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy (HDP) than non-deployed or non-PTSD military women.
Methods. We conducted a retrospective cohort study using a U.S. Department of Defense database comprised of all active-duty women who gave birth to their first, live-born singleton infant using Tricare from January 1, 2004 to December 31, 2008. The database included maternal and infant birth hospitalization records, maternal mental health visits, and post-9/11/2001 deployment information which included Post-Deployment Health Assessment (PDHA) and Reassessment (PDHRA) screening responses. HDP was defined with ICD-9-CM codes in the maternal birth hospitalization record. We evaluated the risk of HDP associated with overall deployment and timing of deployment ending compared to non-deployed women, in addition to cumulative months of deployment. We also conducted Classification Tree Analysis (CART) to determine appropriate cut-points for categorization of deployment variables among mothers who deployed: cumulative weeks of deployment, percent of study time spent deployed, and dwell time between two most recent pre-birth deployments. We explored effect modification by covariates postulated to potentially modify the relationship between deployment history and risk of HDP. New variables were defined and used in multivariable logistic regression models for each deployment measure. Women fit into four PTSD case-definition categories: confirmed (ICD-9-CM diagnosis), probable (possible plus endorsement of “high risk” items on the PDHA), possible (endorsement of ≥3 PTSD items on the PDHA), or none (no PTSD indicators). We compared mothers with PTSD to non-cases using multivariable logistic regression to quantify the risk of HDP, and repeated the analyses using a ≥2 PTSD item endorsement case-definition criteria. All logistic regression models were adjusted for known confounders and important covariates.
Results. There were a total of 36,675 births, 13.4% of mothers experienced at least one HDP, and 35% of mothers deployed. No increased risk of HDP was observed for deployment overall (OR=1.02, 95% CI: 0.95-1.09), but black mothers who deployed were 13% more likely to develop an HDP (OR=1.13, 95% CI: 1.00-1.27). CART revealed an important cut-point for cumulative deployment length of ≥1 year, which was statistically significant among mothers <35 years old. Mothers with ≥1 year cumulative deployment were 17% more likely to have an HDP than mothers deployed <1 year (OR=1.17, 95% CI: 1.01-1.36). The prevalence of confirmed PTSD was 1.6% in the overall cohort. The prevalence of any PTSD among deployed mothers who completed a PDHA was 6.2%. Overall, PTSD was not significantly associated with HDP except among probable PTSD cases using the ≥2 item criteria (OR=1.30, 95% CI: 1.01-1.67) and among confirmed PTSD mothers identifying as “other” race (OR=6.62, 95% CI: 1.72-25.47).
Conclusion. Results are suggestive of an elevated risk of HDP among the military population among women who deployed for a year or longer and for black mothers. Although PTSD did not clearly confer additional risk in the overall cohort, there is evidence to support further research using more thorough screening especially across racial/ethnic groups. Our study likely underestimated PTSD and possibly attenuated results since individuals may purposely report inaccurately on the PDHA in order to go home sooner after deployment. Future studies should include information related to deployment-specific experiences and screen all participants for evidence of PTSD.
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Haarhoff, Dale. "The effects of an individual with post-traumatic stress reaction (PTSR) on the total family system: a qualitative investigation." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/426.
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Thesis (M MSc (Clinical Psychology))--University of Limpopo,2010.<br>The phenomenon of trauma from violent crime is deeply rooted within the South African community (Human Rights Watch, 2008). Various studies has researched the resulting post-traumatic stress reaction (PTSR) of the trauma victim, with far-reaching implications for an understanding of the emotional, cognitive, physiological, and social level of functioning of the victim (Edwards, 2005). Punctuating from the general systems theory, however, it is clear that the trauma victim does not function in isolation, but forms part of certain circular patterns of interaction within a family system. Change in one part of this system will induce change in the system as a whole (Becvar & Becvar, 2006).
The aim of this research project was to move away from exclusively focusing on the trauma victim and to investigate the effects, if any, on the whole family system if one of its members experienced a PTSR. Data was collected from qualitative interviews with a family member of each trauma victim, someone who had not directly experienced the traumatic incident. The data was transcribed verbatim and analysed, in accordance with qualitative methodology by three independent, systemically trained clinicians.
The findings indicate that there is a significant effect on the whole family system, and that all the members of this system experience some form of PTSR as a secondary traumatic experience. The ability of the system to cope effectively with this environmental demand is based largely on the effectiveness of its patterns of communication. These findings have important implications for our understanding of the phenomenon of trauma, trauma prevention and intervention strategies.
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Johnson, Lars. "Affective disorders in a stress-vulnerability perspective : a clinical, biological and psycho-social study /." Stockholm, 2002. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2002/91-7349-396-1/.
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Söderquist, Johan. "Posttraumatic stress after childbirth /." Linköping : Univ, 2002. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2002/med761s.pdf.
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Caldera, Aburto José Trinidad. "Mental health in Nicaragua : with special reference to psychological trauma and suicidal behaviour." Umeå : Univ, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-346.
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Fagelson, Marc A. "Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2009. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1635.
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Denisoff, Eilenna. "The relationships among stress, coping, eating disorders, anxiety, and depression." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ56225.pdf.
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Stanley, Helen. "Exploring the construct of disorders of extreme stress not otherwise specified (DESNOS) and its relationship with post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and childhood trauma." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.525753.
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Samelius, Lotta. "Abused women : health, somatization, and posttraumatic stress /." Linköping : Univ, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-8942.
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Fagelson, Marc A. "Tinnitus and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2009. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1636.
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McCelland, Emily, Julia McDowell, Sherri Smith, Kim Schairer, and Marc A. Fagelson. "Hearing Aid Outcomes in Patients with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7812.
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Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare hearing difficulties and hearing aid outcomes in veterans with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) to a group of veterans with no medical diagnosis of PTSD. Our hypothesis was that veterans with PTSD would have poorer hearing aid outcomes in certain domains (e.g., those related to loudness or interactions with the environment) relative to patients without PTSD. Assessing these differences could help identify unique factors that may lead to the development of tailored aural rehabilitation for hearing aid users with PTSD.
Design: This descriptive study employed subjective outcome measures and surveys; the Abbreviated Profile for Hearing Aid Benefit (APHAB) served as the primary outcome measure. An additional questionnaire was developed to assess views of the subjects’ hearing in unaided and aided conditions in an effort to explore the relation between hearing aid benefit and PTSD symptoms. A total of 60 veterans with sensorineural hearing loss and bilateral hearing aid use were recruited from the Audiology Clinic at the James H. Quillen Veterans Affairs Medical Center in Mountain Home, TN. Participants were divided into two groups of subjects either with or without PTSD (n=30 in each). Diagnosis of PTSD was confirmed via a chart review of the veteran’s medical record.
Results: Results from the APHAB revealed a significant difference between groups in global benefit scores as well as the aversiveness subscale in the unaided condition. Overall, the PTSD group showed lower benefit scores, however outcomes indicated that both groups received benefit when aided. Results from the study questionnaire showed a significant difference between the two groups in both unaided and aided conditions for the questions focused on hyper-arousal and re-experiencing symptoms.
Conclusions: Hearing aid users with PTSD perceive less benefit from hearing aid use on traditional hearing aid outcome measures. Additionally, these hearing aid users were more affected by hyper-arousal, re-experiencing symptoms, and avoidance compared to hearing aid users without PTSD. The clinical implications of this work suggest that hearing aid users with PTSD may need modified hearing aid fittings and/or additional counseling to meet their unique listening needs.
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Gillespie, Nathan Alexander. "The genetic etiology of psychological distress : investigations of the diathesis-stress model /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17779.pdf.
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TUNCEL-KARA, E. SETENAY. "HEALTH AND SAFETY INTERVENTION FOR PREVENTION OF MUSCULOSKELETAL AND STRESS DISORDERS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1178314152.
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Mekki, Karim. "Stress and Coping in Mothers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23589.
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Heightened levels of stress are observed in mothers of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), yet little is known about the relationship between stress and coping in mothers of children recently diagnosed with an ASD. The objectives of this study were to determine the levels of maternal stress, identify coping strategies used by mothers, examine the relationship between stress and coping, and ascertain whether coping mediated the relationship between ASD symptom severity and subsequent maternal stress. Data on 128 mothers of children who had received a diagnosis of ASD in the last four months were examined. Results indicated that mothers presented with elevated levels of stress. With regards to coping, escape-avoidance and confrontive coping were positively correlated with stress, while seeking social support was negatively correlated with stress. Confrontive coping did not mediate the relationship between ASD symptom severity and maternal stress. Results confirm previous findings, while underscoring the importance of helping mothers understand the relationship between the coping strategies they adopt and the subsequent stress they experience.
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Moradi, Ali Reza. "Cognitive characteristics of children and adolescents with post-traumatic stress disorders." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1996. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/cognitive-characteristics-of-children-and-adolescents-with-posttraumatic-stress-disorders(ff9d90fb-71ed-4636-98b8-b1d7293ddef2).html.
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Cognitive problems are among the important and common sequelae in child patients with PTSD, for example poor memory, poor concentration, intrusive thoughts and flashbacks (e.g., Yule, &Gold 1993; Last; 1993). In recent years, investigators have started to study these functions in adults with PTSD, but they have yet to be investigated in young people with PTSD. Therefore, following extensive investigations of cognitive processing in adults with anxiety disorder including PTSD, it is proposed to apply some of these paradigms to investigate PTSD in children. Chapter One presents a general introduction describing the background to the work and an outline of the proposed studies. Chapter Two describes the concept of PTSD, phnomenology, classification of PTSD and PTSD in children and finally three noncognitive theories of PTSD. Two basic concepts of cognition i.e. memoiy and attention are described in Chapter Three. Cognitive theories of emotional disorders especially that of Williams et al. (1988) and cognitive models of PTSD are presented. Chapter Four describes how a dictionaiy of emotional words was developed and a list of different types of emotional words was created. In the first experiment in Chapter 5, young people with PTSD, children of adults with PTSD and normal subjects, participated in a colour naming task. The task consisted of 5 categories of words: threat-related depressed-related, trauma-related, positive and neutral words which appeared randomly, one after the other on the screen of a computer in four different colours three times. The results indicated that the PTSD patients had a greater interference toward trauma-related words than other types of words compared to the control group. Children of adults with PTSD showed an attentional bias towards trauma-related and threat-related words. Chapter Six describes a second experiment on attention with children with PTSD. Four types of words -physical threat, social threat, depressed and neutral words- were presented to the subjects one after the other. The subjects were asked to press a buttonwhen they saw a dot on the screen of the computer. The results showed that the PTSD patients shifted their attention towards threat words, while their attention shifted away from depressed words. Chapter Seven describes an investigation on recall and recognition with young people with PTSD and children of adults with PTSD compared with controls. The findings indicated that PTSD patients generally recalled fewer words than controls which confirmed poor memory in young people with PTSD, but both experimental groups did not show any memory bias towards a particular type of emotional words on the recall or recognition task. Chapter Eight compared the findings of PTSD and controls' performance on the Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test (Wilson et.al ., 1990, RBMT). PTSD patients showed a poor memory performance on this task compared with normal subjects. They particularly had impairment in prospective items (those items which related to the future), story immediate and delayed recall and orientation. A final chapter presents a full discussion of the results of the emprical studies and discusses possible implications for future research. 4
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Chalmers, John. "Heart rate variability in anxiety disorders: at rest and under stress." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/12645.
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Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent and one of the most costly of psychiatric disorders. Further, there is robust evidence implicating anxiety in the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD), and poorer prognosis once diagnosed. Reduced heart rate variability (HRV), an index of parasympathetic modulation of the heart, has been suggested as one mechanism linking anxiety to ill health, with HRV itself being a robust predictor of ill health and mortality. Reduced HRV leads to activation of the pro-inflammatory pathway, increasing the risk of developing CVD and CVD risk factors. While many studies have reported HRV reductions in anxiety disorders, other studies have reported null results, highlighting the need to address this question meta-analytically. Furthermore, there is disagreement about the impact of stressors on HRV in anxiety patients, with some studies reporting increased HRV reactivity to stress and other reports of diminished reactivity to stress, relative to controls. The first aim of this thesis was to quantitatively assess the impact of anxiety disorders on HRV using meta-analytic methodology, and to ascertain the differential impact of specific disorders on HRV. This analysis included 36 studies, including 2086 patients with an anxiety disorder and 2294 controls. Overall, anxiety disorders were characterized by reduced high frequency and time domain HRV. Panic Disorder, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, and Social Anxiety Disorder, but not Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, displayed reductions in HRV relative to controls. The second aim of this thesis was to compare HRV reactivity to stress between individuals with an anxiety disorder and non-anxious controls. HRV was examined in anxious participants (n=25) and controls (n=58) at baseline and during two stress tasks: shock avoidance and mental arithmetic. Participants suffering from an anxiety disorder displayed diminished resting state HRV, a difference that bordered significance. High worriers displayed a robust reduction in resting state HRV relative to low worriers. During stress, controls displayed appropriate phasic parasympathetic withdrawal, however high anxiety participants displayed no reductions in HRV. Both the meta-analytic study and empirical study highlight that anxiety is characterized by autonomic inflexibility at both tonic and phasic levels of analysis, reflecting an underlying dysfunction of inhibition. Given that HRV is a robust predictor of illness and mortality, these results have implications for the future health and wellbeing of anxiety patients, highlighting the need to employ cardiovascular risk reduction strategies with these patients.
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Gelaye, Bizu, Yinnan Zheng, Maria Elena Medina-Mora, Marta B. Rondón, Sixto E. Sánchez, and Michelle A. Williams. "Validity of the posttraumatic stress disorders (PTSD) checklist in pregnant women." Biomed Central Ltd, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/622252.
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Abstract BACKGROUND: The PTSD Checklist-civilian (PCL-C) is one of the most commonly used self-report measures of PTSD symptoms, however, little is known about its validity when used in pregnancy. This study aims to evaluate the reliability and validity of the PCL-C as a screen for detecting PTSD symptoms among pregnant women. METHODS: A total of 3372 pregnant women who attended their first prenatal care visit in Lima, Peru participated in the study. We assessed the reliability of the PCL-C items using Cronbach's alpha. Criterion validity and performance characteristics of PCL-C were assessed against an independent, blinded Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) interview using measures of sensitivity, specificity and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves. We tested construct validity using exploratory and confirmatory factor analytic approaches. RESULTS: The reliability of the PCL-C was excellent (Cronbach's alpha =0.90). ROC analysis showed that a cut-off score of 26 offered optimal discriminatory power, with a sensitivity of 0.86 (95% CI: 0.78-0.92) and a specificity of 0.63 (95% CI: 0.62-0.65). The area under the ROC curve was 0.75 (95% CI: 0.71-0.78). A three-factor solution was extracted using exploratory factor analysis and was further complemented with three other models using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). In a CFA, a three-factor model based on DSM-IV symptom structure had reasonable fit statistics with comparative fit index of 0.86 and root mean square error of approximation of 0.09. CONCLUSION: The Spanish-language version of the PCL-C may be used as a screening tool for pregnant women. The PCL-C has good reliability, criterion validity and factorial validity. The optimal cut-off score obtained by maximizing the sensitivity and specificity should be considered cautiously; women who screened positive may require further investigation to confirm PTSD diagnosis.<br>Revisión por pares
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Chan, Domin. "Depression and comorbid PTSD in veterans : evaluation of collaborative care programs and impact on utilization and costs /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5403.
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LaMattina, Stephanie M. "Examining the Role of Stress in Binge Eating Disorder." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2008. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/LaMattinaSM2008.pdf.
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Sorban, Josie. "Suicidal behaviour, posttraumatic stress disorder and comorbid disorders in an adolescent with a prior history of severe coporal punishment /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18585.pdf.
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Michaels, Stase Mikalajunas. "Incorporating the Feedback of Combat Veterans with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in the Construction of a Sleep Disorders Inventory." W&M ScholarWorks, 1995. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626010.
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Al-Saffar, Suad. "Trauma, ethnicity and posttraumatic stress disorder in outpatient psychiatry /." Stockholm, 2003. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2003/91-7349-518-2/.
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Yu, Man Wai Philippa. "Stress and coping in parents of daughters with eating disorders an evaluation of a coping-focused intervention group /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B41715986.
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Sveen, Josefin. "Posttraumatic Stress and Cognitive Processes in Patients with Burns." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Psykiatri, Akademiska sjukhuset, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-143169.
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A severe burn is one of the most traumatic injuries a person can experience. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is relatively common after burns, and can be devastating for the individual’s possibilities for recovery. The principal aims were to gain knowledge regarding posttraumatic stress symptoms and cognitive processes after burn and to evaluate methods for assessing symptoms of PTSD up to one year after burn. The psychometric properties of a Swedish version of the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) were examined. The results indicate that the IES-R is a valid screening instrument for measuring PTSD symptoms in patients with burns and it can be used during hospitalisation to identify resilient individuals. The pattern of PTSD symptoms over time was also investigated. Four distinct trajectories of PTSD symptoms were identified, i.e. four groups of patients with significantly different onsets and courses. The trajectories differed in the expected direction regarding several risk factors associated with PTSD symptoms. Several previously known risk factors for PTSD symptoms were also identified including burn severity, psychiatric history, previous life events, early psychological symptoms, neuroticism-related personality traits, avoidant coping and low social support. The risk factors correspond well with those reported in the international trauma literature, which strengthens the findings in this thesis. Finally, using the emotional Stroop task at one year post burn it was found that burn-specific attentional bias was common and associated with more previous life events, more perceived life threat, larger burns and higher levels of PTSD symptoms. In summary, there are individual differences in the development and course of PTSD symptoms after burn and attentional bias is a common cognitive phenomenon related to these symptoms. The findings also support the use of the IES-R as a screening instrument for PTSD symptoms in patients with burns.
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Gatta, Eleonora. "Long-term outcome of perinatal stress : targeting the oxytocinergic system in the early prevention of stress-related disorders." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10015/document.
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L'environnement périnatal programme le développement de la descendance. Cette programmation perdure jusqu’au vieillissement, période de risque pour les maladies neurodégénératives telles que la maladie d'Alzheimer (MA). De nombreuses études ont montré le rôle anti-stress de l'ocytocine. Pendant la période périnatale, l'ocytocine intervient dans les interactions mère-petit. Le comportement maternel joue un rôle clé dans le développement du SNC de la descendance En utilisant le modèle de stress périnatal chez les rats (PRS), nous avons montré que l'administration postnatale à des mères stressées d’un agoniste du récepteur à l'ocytocine (carbétocine) améliore le comportement maternel et enraye le développement d’un phénotype pathologique. Nous avons également montré qu’un traitement chronique à la carbétocine chez l’adulte corrige les altérations comportementales et neurochimiques des rats PRS. La carbétocine a un effet similaire à celui des antidépresseurs. Au vu de la réduction d’O-GlcNac trouvée dans l’hippocampe des rats PRS âgés, nous nous sommes demandés si un mécanisme similaire pouvait exister dans des modèles de la MA. Nous avons montré que la protéine tau est hypo-O-GlcNAc et hyperphosphorylée dans l'hippocampe de souris 3xTg-AD. L’ensemble de nos résultats montre que le stress périnatal peut être un facteur de risque pour le développement de troubles psychiatriques et neurodégénératifs. Le traitement à la carbétocine peut éliminer ce risque. Cela suggère que les mères exposées à un stress soit pendant la gestation, soit pendant la période postnatale, pourraient être traitées par des agonistes des récepteurs à l'ocytocine afin de prévenir les conséquences néfastes induites par un soin maternel défectueux sur le développement de l'enfant<br>The perinatal environment contributes to program the developmental trajectory of the offspring. This trajectory extends to the old age, which is the age at maximal risk for the onset of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Mounting evidence revealed the role of oxytocin as an anti-stress factor. During the postpartum period, oxytocin plays a key role in mother-pup interactions that highly contribute to the development of the brain in the offspring. Using the model of perinatal stress in rats (PRS), we showed that postnatal administration of the oxytocin receptor agonist, carbetocin, to stressed mothers improved maternal behavior and prevented the pathological consequences of early-life stress in the offspring. We also demonstrated that chronic carbetocin treatment in adult rats was able to correct the behavioral and neurochemical consequences of PRS, thus mimicking the action of the antidepressants. Because we found a reduction in protein O-GlcNac in the hippocampus of aged PRS rats showing cognitive dysfunction, we also decided to examine whether a similar phenomenon was present in animals modeling AD. We found that tau protein was hypo-O-GlcNac and hyperphosphorylated in the hippocampus of 3xTg-AD mice. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that PRS may represent a risk factor for psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders and that carbetocin administration may eliminate this risk. This raises the attractive possibility that mothers exposed to stress during gestation or in the early postpartum period should be treated with oxytocin receptor agonists to prevent the pathological consequences of a defective maternal care for the developing child
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Fairow, Deborah J. "Disordered eating, stress, failure, and nutrition knowledge among college women /." View online, 1989. http://repository.eiu.edu/theses/docs/32211998880255.pdf.
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Joshi, Gururaj. "MULTIFUNCTIONAL POTENTIAL THERAPEUTICS TOWARDS OXIDATIVE STRESS MEDIATED NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS AND MODELS THEREOF." UKnowledge, 2006. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/298.
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The studies described in this dissertation were performed with the goal of understandingthe function of antioxidant compounds delivered in vivo to rodents and the implication of theresults towards oxidative stress (OS)-related neurodegenerative disorders with particularemphasis on Alzheimer's disease (AD). OS has been implicated in AD and is characterized byextensive oxidative damage to protein, lipids and DNA. A major thrust of this dissertation workwas to gain insight into antioxidant properties of compounds used in the following studies andtheir efficacy as potential therapeutics for treatment of OS-related disorders.D609, a glutathione (GSH) mimetic is known to trap OH. Radicals, scavenge H2O2 andreduce the A?? (1-42)-induced OS and cytotoxicity in neurons. The present dissertation studyshowed in vivo protective effect of D609 in synaptosomes and mitochondria isolated fromgerbils against OS mediated by Fe2+/H2O2, AAPH, and A?? (1-42). Upon intraperitonial (i.p.)injection of gerbils, D609 showed protection of subsequently isolated brain moieties against OS.In vivo administration of D609 also modulates brain GSH levels and increases the activity of keyGSH-related enzymes, thereby likely provides a protection against OS.Adriamycin (ADR), a quinone-containing chemotherapeutic, is known to produce ROS inheart. Patients under treatment with ADR often show persistent changes in cognitive function(effect called as chemobrain by patients). Upon i.p. injection, ADR causes OS, increasesexpression of multidrug resistant protein-1 (MRP-1) in brain and alters GSH levels and itsrelated enzyme activities. ??-Glutamyl cysteinyl ethyl ester (GCEE) is known to increase GSHlevels in brain, in vivo. Research reported in this dissertation shows that in vivo GCEE reversesthe ADR-mediated OS in mice brain.N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a GSH precursor provides the limiting substrate cysteine inGSH synthesis. Previously, our laboratory showed increased GSH levels post i.p. injection ofNAC and reduces OS in synaptosomes treated with acrolein. The present study showed thatNAC given in drinking water to APP/PS-1 mice, a model of AD can significantly reduce OS.These results provide a potential therapeutic intervention by antioxidants that can modulateGSH in OS-mediated neurodegenerative disorders.
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O'Brien-Coker, Ivan. "Investigations into mass spectrometric methods for assessing oxidative stress in vascular disorders." Thesis, University of Greenwich, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.401572.
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Golden, Sam A. "The role of the Nucleus Accumbens in stress and aggression-related disorders." Thesis, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10061163.
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<p> The brain's reward circuitry is critically involved in regulating mood-related behaviors such as depression and aggression. However, we currently possess a remarkably limited understanding of the molecular and circuit based mechanisms that govern how these reward systems are subverted in neuropsychiatric disorders. We, and others, have previously shown that the nucleus accumbens (NAc), a key hub within the reward system, is a critical regulator of social reward behaviors. This dissertation will explore the two separate, but intrinsically connected, social behavioral states of depression and aggression, and in turn attempt to elucidate putative intracellular and circuit based mechanisms that govern how the NAc modulates these behaviors. Through the use of social defeat stress, in which an aggressive dominant mouse antagonizes a non-aggressive submissive mouse, we can identify the mechanisms that govern both the development of depression-like behaviors (in the subordinate mouse) and the motivation to attack (in the dominant mouse). Specifically, in Chapter 1, I will present an introduction on reward circuitry and synaptic plasticity. In Chapter 2 I will detail the animal model, chronic social defeat stress, which we use to study both depression and aggression-like behaviors in mice. In Chapter 3 I will present data on the role of structural plasticity within the nucleus accumbens, governed by epigenetic regulation of small RhoGTPase Rac1 transcription, on driving the development of depression-related behaviors and social avoidance. In Chapter 4, nucleus accumbens projections to the lateral habenula will be shown to play a critical role in governing the motivational component of aggressive behavior. Lastly, in Chapter 5 I will present future directions for both projects. Although this dissertation presents data spanning both depression and aggression-related behavioral domains, one clear commonality is that the NAc functions as a critical integrator of reward-related social behaviors, and understanding the mechanisms guiding this plasticity may help to establish novel therapeutic strategies for treating mood-related disorders.</p>
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Penrod, Molly. "Psychophysiology of the Stress Response and the Hierarchical Structure of Emotional Disorders." W&M ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1550153776.
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Physiological stress reactivity is closely linked to emotional disorders like depression and anxiety and is believed to play a causal role in their development. Similar patterns of exaggerated reactivity across a wide range of emotional disorders indicate that physiological hyperreactivity to stress may be a multifinal, or shared, risk factor for these disorders. However, current literature examines stress reactivity in only one or two disorders at a time and is based off categorical classification systems that assume mental disorders to be discrete entities. Recent research into the observed distribution of symptoms of mental illness contests this assumption and proposes that some mental disorders have shared developmental factors that can be revealed through dimensional models of psychopathology. One dimensional model of mental disorders, the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology, addresses this limitation by placing symptoms of internalizing disorders within a dimensional, hierarchically arranged model. The current study utilized this hierarchical model to investigate the relationship between physiological reactions to a laboratory stressor and symptoms of emotional disorders. in a sample of 201 college students, we used latent variable modeling techniques to parse symptoms of emotional disorders into their common (higher-order) and unique (lower-order) features, then examined the strength of the relationship between physiological stress reactivity and common versus unique elements. We hypothesized that common features of emotional disorders would be more strongly related to stress reactivity than any of the unique features. Our results suggested that neither common nor unique features were significantly related to physiological stress reactivity. This finding contradicts previous investigations that found evidence for exaggerated physiological responses in individuals with emotional disorders. Our study improves upon previous research by examining the full range of symptoms of emotional disorders, and our conclusion suggests that the relevance of physiological response in emotional disorders should be critically examined, particularly in light of the limitations of traditional classification systems.
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Crotogino, Jennifer. "Visual stress in migraine : subjective and psychophysiological responses to intense visual stimulation." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=38475.
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This dissertation assesses whether intense visual stimulation can act as a stressor to migraine sufferers between attacks, and whether subjective and psychophysiological reactions to these stimuli can clarify how migraine attacks may be triggered.<br>The first study assessed thresholds of light-induced discomfort and pain in migraine sufferers and non-migrainous controls during a non-headache period. Two instruction sets were compared to assess whether information presented to participants would affect thresholds. The results showed that migraineurs had significantly lower thresholds for light-induced pain. However, this effect was most apparent in those who had heard the negatively biased instructions reinforcing the need to control contextual factors when assessing subjective phenomena such as visual discomfort.<br>The second study assessed subjective and psychophysiological responses of female migraine sufferers and female controls during exposure to visual stimuli incorporating spatial and temporal characteristics that are most likely to be bothersome to migraineurs. Two control stimuli were included to assess responses during similar, but theoretically less aversive conditions. Migraine sufferers had higher heart rate and more frequent electrodermal responses than controls at all points of the study, including baseline and recovery. However, while migraineurs reported higher anxiety during the intense conditions, and reported more visual and somatic complaints than controls during various viewing conditions, they did not show heart rate, heart rate variability or electrodermal changes that would suggest clear changes in autonomic function in response to aversive visual stimulation.<br>The third study assessed ambulatory electrocardiograms to investigate whether autonomic changes would be evident in the period leading up to, during or following a migraine. Three individuals were assessed on a day when they experienced a naturally occurring headache, and on a day when they were not. No obvious pattern of autonomic change was detected before or after headache, although there was some evidence that a pattern of increased heart rate and decreased vagal tone may accompany headache.<br>In summary, the results confirm that migraine sufferers are more sensitive to intense visual stimulation than controls, but do not support the contention that exposure results in widespread autonomic changes. Since interictal visual discomfort is a common in migraine, further research is needed to clarify how it can be incorporated into models of migraine pathophysiology.
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Lorensini, Sandra. "Traumatic stress disorders sociotropy, autonomy and social support as contributing variables / Sandra Lorensini." Gold Coast, QLD : Bond University, 2005. http://epublications.bond.edu.au/theses/lorensini.
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Thesis (DPsych) -- Bond University, 2005.<br>"A thesis submitted to Bond University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Psychology"-- t.p. Bibliography: leaves 81-103. Also available via the World Wide Web.
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Bisegna, Nicola Moreno. "Influência do stress nas disfunções temporomandibulares." Master's thesis, [s.n.], 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/5273.
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Projeto de Pós-Graduação/Dissertação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Medicina Dentária<br>O stress, influenciando a função muscular e estando presente em pacientes com alta percepção de sintomatologia somática, é um factor etiológico de maior importância na fisiopatologia das disfunções temporomandibulares (DTMs). O facto de o stress estar associado a comorbidades tais como ansiedade e depressão pode influenciar o tratamento das DTMs.
Pacientes com DTMs crónicas podem apresentar características cognitivas e comportamentais associadas à presença de stress psicossocial, indicadoras da incapacidade de adaptação a agentes stressantes e da presença estratégias de coping mal adaptativo.
Os objectivos desta revisão narrativa da literatura são a exposição do papel do stress nas DTMs e a avaliação das necessidades de tratamento relativamente aos níveis de stress psicossocial apresentados pelos pacientes, incluindo a necessidade de decisão por tratamentos multidisciplinares.
Nesta revisão bibliográfica foram utilizados livros e artigos científicos, a pesquisa bibliográfica foi efectuada nos sítios “MEDLINE/PubMed”, “Science Direct” e “B-on” e utilizaram-se combinações das palavras-chave “Stress”, “Physiology”, “HPA”, “TMD” e “Temporomandibular Disorders”, “Personality”, “Coping”, “Orofacial Pain”. Não foram impostos limites temporais relativamente ao ano de publicação mas a pesquisa resultou limitada às fontes em inglês, português e italiano.
Em conclusão, na abordagem terapêutica das DTMs é necessário avaliar não só os sinais e sintomas físicos do paciente, bem como, os psicológicos, avaliando o comportamento deste perante a doença e a interferência desta na qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Só dessa forma é possível estabelecer um plano de tratamento adequado ao paciente motivando-o à adesão.<br>Stress, due to its influence on muscular function and by being present in patients with high somatic symptoms perception, is a major etiological factor in the temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). TMDs treatment could be affected by stress comorbidities like depression and anxiety.
Patients with chronic TMDs can present cognitive and behavioral characteristics associated to psychosocial stress, underlining the inability to adapt to stressors and the use of maladaptative coping strategies.
The objectives of this narrative literature review are the exposition of the role of stress in TMDs and the evaluation of the needs for treatment related to the degree of psychosocial stress presented by the patient, including the decision to need a multidisciplinary approach or not.
In this bibliographic review books and scientific articles have been used. The bibliographic research was made on the websites “MEDLINE/PubMed”, “Science Direct” and “B-on” using the keyowrds “Stress”, “Physiology”, “HPA”, “TMD” and “Temporomandibular Disorders”, “Personality”, “Coping”, “Orofacial Pain”. No temporal restrictions related to the publication years have been imposed but the language of the sources has been limited to English, Portuguese and Italian.
In conclusion, in the TMDs therapeutic approach is needed to evaluate not only the physical, but also the psychological signs and symptoms, evaluating the illness behaviors and the interference of the illness in the quality of life of the patient. Only in this way is possible to establish a treatment plan appropriate for the patient and motivate him to adhere.
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Fagelson, Marc A. "Clinical Findings Linking Tinnitus to Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2007. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1626.
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Hernandez, Liza J., Katherine C. Burgess, J. D. Wherry, et al. "A Double Hit Stress Rodent Model of Major Depressive Disorder." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/968.
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Social defeat is an ethologically relevant stressor that utilizes the natural establishment of social rank in male rodents and has been shown to be relevant to major depressive disorder (MDD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In the present study, we wished to establish a social defeat stress model in combination with the chronic unpredictable stress model, which is considered a mild stressor to the rodent. In this way, we create a “double hit” model that may more accurately mimic severe stress that is common in both MDD and PTSD. In the present study, residents established dominance over the intruder for 10 consecutive days. In addition, social defeat stress was followed by another stressor given at random times during each day, i.e. chronic unpredictable stress. These unpredictable stressors included 30 min restraint, 1 h shaking/crowding, a cold water swim, a warm water swim or a tipped cage for 24 h. In one cohort of animals, brain tissue was taken 24 h after the last stressor for DNA. In a second cohort, animals were tested on a sucrose preference test in which two bottles containing 0.8% sucrose was placed on their cages for 3 consecutive days (days 8-10 of social defeat stress), and the total amount of sucrose was calculated relative to total volume consumed. Brain tissue analyses revealed significantly elevated DNA oxidation in white matter comparing stressed animals to non-stressed controls, consistent with what has been found in post-mortem white matter from MDD subjects. Further, animals given the social defeat + chronic unpredictable stress demonstrated a deficit in sucrose preference, a natural reward, revealing that these animals were anhedonic as compared to controls. Stressed animals also demonstrated fear of the intruder in a social interaction test performed one day after the social defeat/chronic unpredictable stress was complete. Therefore, it appears that social defeat plus chronic unpredictable stress produces a phenotype relevant to clinical data in humans.
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Fagelson, Marc A. "Tinnitus, Hyperacusis, & Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2003. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1610.
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Grauer, Irith. "Factors affecting teachers' burnout in a residential school for adolescents with emotional and behavioural disorders." Thesis, Anglia Ruskin University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321984.
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Maripuu, Martin. "Hypocortisolism in recurrent affective disorders." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Psykiatri, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-112824.
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Bipolar disorders and recurrent depressions are two common psychiatric disorders with a life time prevalence of approximately 1% and 8%, respectively. Despite treatment these patients suffer from affective symptoms up to 50% of the time, resulting in lower well-being. The average life length is also reduced with 10-15 years, mainly attributable to suicide and cardiovascular disease. Increased stress is one of many factors that have been shown to be linked to an increased risk for developing affective disorders and some comorbid somatic conditions such as metabolic disturbances and cardiovascular disease. An increased stress level is known to cause hyperactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-axis (HPA-axis) with increased cortisol secretion. Hyperactivity of the HPA-axis (or hypercortisolism) is one of the most replicated neurobiological finding in depression. In other stress related disorders it has however been shown that prolonged stress over long periods of time can lead to a state of low HPA-axis activity, hypocortisolism. Since persons with recurrent affective disorders such as bipolar disorder and recurrent depression are exposed to a high degree of recurrent and chronic stress it could be expected that in addition to hypercortisolism, a state of hypocortisolism could also develop in these disorders, potentially exerting an influence upon the psychological and somatic wellbeing among these patients. The major aim of this thesis was to evaluate whether hypocortisolism is related to relevant psychiatric and somatic phenotypes in recurrent affective disorders. In bipolar disorder, individuals with hypocortisolism exhibited a higher degree of depression and low quality of life compared to patients with normal HPA-axis activity. In recurrent depression, individuals with hypocortisolism exhibited shorter leukocyte telomere length than patients with normal or high HPA-axis activity, which is an indication of an accelerated aging process. In a sample of both bipolar and recurrent depression patients, hypocortisolism was associated with an increased proportion of obesity, dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome compared with patients with normal or high HPA-axis activity. Patients with recurrent depression showed a higher occurrence of hypocortisolism than the control sample representative of the general population. Patients with bipolar disorder showed a similar occurrence of hypocortisolism as the control sample. Among bipolar disorder patients with a low degree of lifetime with lithium prophylaxis, there was an inverse correlation between age and HPA-axis activity. In contrast, among patients with a higher degree of lifetime with lithium prophylaxis as well as among the controls, there was no correlation between age and HPA-axis activity. Accordingly, hypocortisolism was most common among older patients with a low degree of lifetime with lithium prophylaxis. In conclusion, hypocortisolism in both recurrent depression and bipolar disorder was associated with multiple clinically-relevant phenotypes. Additionally it was shown for bipolar disorder patients that increasing age was a risk factor for hypocortisolism and that prophylactic lithium treatment was a protective factor. It is argued that the protective effect of lithium towards the HPA-axis is attributable to its mood-stabilizing effect, which in turn reduces the chronic stress level. These results provide new insight into the role of hypocortisolism and chronic stress in recurrent affective disorders warranting further studies and hopefully providing clues to improved treatment strategies.
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Martz-Ludwig, Denise M. "The effects of female gender role appraisal and body image threat on the stress responses of women : a validation of the feminine gender role stress scale /." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/41687.
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The purpose of the present study was 1) to begin exploring the relationship between female gender role stress and eating disorders and 2) to validate the ability of the Feminine Gender Role Stress scale (FGRS; Gillespie, 1990) to distinguish between women who are more likely to evidence behavioral and physiological reactivity to a "feminine" (body image) stressor than a neutral control condition. The FGRS scale was developed to measure the cognitive tendency among women to appraise specific situations as stressful due to commitments, beliefs, and values that are a product of the traditional female gender role. It was proposed that women with high female gender role stress, as measured by this scale, should display more reactivity when female stressors are encountered. This hypothesis was tested by selecting women who scored high and low on the FGRS scale and subjecting them to a situation found to be more stressful for women than for men during which physiological and psychological distress were monitored. The stressor entailed a body-image-threat physical exam and interview which was designed to be a stressor relevant to body image disturbance and eating disorders. The experimental design was a 2 (High verses Low FGRS women) by 2 (Stress condition verses a Control condition) factorial design with cardiovascular reactivity and self-reported anxiety as dependent variables.
The results supported the predicted interaction between FGRS and Stress Condition on heart rate reactivity. High FGRS women in the Stress Condition evidenced greater heart rate reactivity than Low FGRS women or participants in the Control Condition. Support for experimental hypotheses was found in a Similar trend for interaction for systolic blood pressure reactivity, whereas diastolic blood pressure reactivity was less supportive. It is believed that the FGRS scale can distinguish which women will evidence stress in situations which challenge traditional female gender role values and beliefs. Therefore, the FGRS may have utility for determining which women are more vulnerable to developing female predominant psychopathology, such as eating disorders.<br>Master of Science
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Hendley, Alicia Margaret. "The eating disorders continuum, assessing coping styles, perceived stress, and perceived social support." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/NQ62321.pdf.
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Semete, Boitumelo. "Analysis of metallothionein gene expression in oxidative stress related disorders / by Boitumelo Semete." Thesis, North-West University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/51.
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Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been reported to be at the centre of various diseases. Although several reports have implicated elevated levels of ROS in the
pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus, the early detection of ROS is still not attainable. This limitation causes difficulty in the early diagnosis of ROS related disorders. The presence of high levels of ROS was reported to result in differential expression of antioxidant genes involved in protecting cells from their deleterious effects. Among the antioxidant genes that are expressed, it was postulated that expression of metallothioneins (MTs) are also induced. MTs are low molecular weight, cysteine-rich proteins involved in metal homeostasis and reported to harbour antioxidant function. The aim of this investigation was to explore MTs as biomarkers for elevated levels of ROS in
whole blood of type 2 diabetic (T2D) individuals. The level of ROS in diabetic, non-diabetic as well as individuals at risk of developing T2D was determined via the use of biochemical assays. Real-Time PCR was utilised to analyse the expression of MTs and the presence of MT proteins was analysed via the ELISA. In this study it was observed that diabetic individuals had elevated levels of ROS. However, no significant difference in the expression of MTs and the presence of MT proteins between the diabetic and non-diabetic individuals was observed. In vitro experimental conditions indicated that MT expression is induced by elevated levels of ROS. In pathological conditions the ROS-dependent induction of MT expression needs to be elucidated further. It therefore can be suggested that MTs can not yet be utilised as biomarkers for the detection of elevated levels of ROS in pathological conditions with ROS aetiology. This investigation also highlights the fact that blood is not an optimal medium in which this objective can be attained.<br>Thesis (Ph.D. (Biochemistry))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.
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Herring, Caitlin. "School Stress in Young Children with Learning Disorders: Implications for Psychological Well-Being." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1523311430831368.
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Page, Chloe. "Prefrontal excitatory/inhibitory balance in stress and emotional disorders: Evidence for over-inhibition." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1573572981656499.
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Jenniches, Imke [Verfasser]. "The importance of endogenous cannabinoids in stress-related disorders and depression / Imke Jenniches." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1128726734/34.
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Lizarraga, DeeAnn Dawn. "Rumination and Self-Medication Among Women with Posttraumatic Stress and Alcohol Use Disorders." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4004.
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Women with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) often develop alcohol use disorders (AUD) resulting from the use of alcohol to self-medicate from negative affect. Research supports the relationship between comorbid PTSD and AUD, and studies with women additionally identify the role of rumination, or excessive thinking about distress and its causes, as a precipitating aspect leading to self-medication. Female-based data is sparse, however, regarding specific thought patterns and factors which trigger the need to self-medicate with alcohol. Numerous researchers have studied the relationship between stress, anxiety, and alcohol use, although, there exists a need for qualitative studies providing thick, rich information. Applying the self-medication model and rumination theory, the purpose of this study was to use a transcendental research framework as a lens to explore and describe the phenomenon of how women with comorbid PTSD and AUD make sense of their dual disorder. Qualitative data were gathered from in-depth interviews of 12 women who participated in Alcoholics Anonymous groups in a large Southeastern city. The women collectively described their lived experience with the phenomenon as an internally-focused strategy premised on the notion of a 'Higher Power.' They reported using this strategy to manage thoughts, feelings, and behaviors which triggered negative self-assessment and the need to self-medicate with alcohol. This research contributes to the literature by offering a more detailed understanding of comorbid PTSD and AUD. Positive social change can be achieved with a better understanding of the etiology of female trauma and the factors that trigger alcohol relapse in women with PTSD.
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Al-Kofahy, Lilibeth. "The lived experience of post-traumatic stress disorder as described by motor vehicle accident victims in Jordan." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2011. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/50827/1/Lilibeth_Al-Kofahy_Thesis.pdf.
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Aim: To explore the lived experience of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as described by individuals who have been involved in a motor vehicle accident (MVA) in Jordan.
Background: Motor vehicle accident (MVA) survivors who develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have become an important health issue. The World Health Organisation (WHO) states that trauma resulting from MVAs is a phenomenon of increasing concern, with death from injuries projected to rise from 5.1 million in 1990 to 8.4 million in 2020 particularly in developing countries such as Jordan (WHO, 2002). The impact of trauma from MVAs inevitably compromises the victim’s quality of life (WHO, 2002; Blanchard & Hickling, 2007) resulting in psychological and emotional distress, occupational disability, family disintegration, and socio-economic difficulty (Jordan Ministry of Health, 2005). The development of PTSD as a result of an MVA is not limited to the individual, but also extends to the family, friends, and the health care team involved in the person's care and rehabilitation.
Design: A descriptive phenomenological approach was used for this study.
Method: This study was conducted in an orthopaedic unit in Amera Basma Hospital in Irbid Jordan. Fifteen (15) participants were voluntary recruited through the process of purposeful sampling. Data was collected by face-to-face in depth-interviews. Interviews were digitally recorded and transcribed verbatim. The process of analysis was undertaken using Colaizzi’s (1978) eight step approach with the addition of two extra steps.
Findings: The process of analysis identified seven themes explicated from the participants’ transcripts of interview. The seven themes were:
1. Feeling frustrated at a diminishing health status
2. Struggling to maintain a sense of independence
3. Harbouring feelings of not being able to recover
4. Feeling discriminated against and marginalised by society
5. Feeling ignored and neglected by health care professionals
6. Feeling abandoned by family, and
7. Moving toward acceptance through having faith in Allah.
Conclusion: The findings of this study have the potential to make a significant contribution to extant knowledge on the topic which can inform future nursing practice, education, policy development, and research initiatives in Jordan and internationally.
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Herbert, Claudia. "Efficacy of a trauma information booklet in reducing post-traumatic symptoms after road traffic accidents." Thesis, Open University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.273352.
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