Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Stress – Étiologie'
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Léonard, Anneliese. "Description et étiologie des exostoses oro-faciales : exemple d'une population thaïlandaise." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0139/document.
Full textWe aim here at participating in a better understanding of oral exostoses as an anatomical variant in order to clarify their possible use in biological anthropology. We propose a new study design that could be applied both on skeletal remains and living individuals and that allows discuss the etiology of oral exostoses. The research has been undertaken on the anatomical reference collection of the faculty of medicine of Chiang Mail, Thailand. The Thai population displays a wide array of expression of oral exostoses and a great genetic homogeneity. The oral exostoses have been scored by presence/absence and their measurements. The genetic component has been evaluated through population homogeneity and the relationships between oral exostoses and dental and cranial anatomical variants. The environmental component includes data on diet, occlusal stress and oral health. Oral exostoses appear as a set of characters linked together and strongly influenced by age. All types of oral exostoses except the palatine exostosis are correlated with sex with a male predominance. Oral exostoses do not belong to hyperostotic variants. The recurring relationships with dental anatomical traits point to a genetic basis. Oral exostoses preferentially arise when the greatest number of healthy, unworn teeth is present, although extensive edentulousnes does not lessen both their presence and their expressivity. The local environmental context is not typical of functional stress. The traditional Asian diet may be a substantial influence because of its bone-promoting composition. A dual participation of both genetic and environmental components to the etiological process implies that oral exostoses are quasi-continuous variants
Bancel, Brigitte. "Stress oxydatif et défenses anti-oxydantes dans la cancérogenèse gastrique et le cancer avéré." Lyon 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO10297.
Full textGrondin, Olivier. "Étude de la dépression en vie quotidienne : rôle de la sociotropie et de l'autonomie chez de jeunes adultes de deux régions françaises." Bordeaux 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR21128.
Full textThis prospective, controlled study evaluated the Sociotropy-Autonomy theory (Beck, 1983) for its capacity to explain daily life fluctuations in depressed mood. Using an ambulatory monitoring technique with young adults in Aquitaine (n=85) and in Reunion Island (n=70), the analyses examined the associations between sociotropy or autonomy and the impact of negative events on depressed affect. An ecological approach then consisted of examining the potential effects of context and the influence of community integration. The results demonstrate that sociotropy is indeed a vulnerability factor for depression after an interpersonal negative event, but only in Aquitaine. The effect of sociotropy appeared stable and independent of the various contexts of the everyday life and of the Community integration factors. Contrary to the initial formulations of the theory and regardless of region, autonomy did not influence depressive responses after negative events related to school or professional achievement. Finally, a comparison between regions indicates that vulnerability to depression following events depend on sociocultural factors. The results are discussed relative to the generalizability of the theory as well as for treatment implications
Bauer, Virginie. "Contribution à l'influence des événements de vie dans l'étiologie des maladies démentielles de l'âgé." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0339/document.
Full textAmong the elderly, Alzheimer disease and related pathologies currently constitute a real public health issue. The anatomo-pathological lesions of these diseases may be clearly defined but their etiology remains uncertain and is likely multifactorial. As a clinician psychologist, theories involving psychism in the etiology of demential diseases among elderly, first held my attention. A review of the question enabled me to make a list supposed to be exhaustive and divided into 3 categories : psycho-dynamic, psycho-social theories and multifactorial integrative patterns. Among the latter, the one involving life events as risk factors motivated this double research. Thus is a qualitive procedure, 2 studies started in parallel. The first retrospective dealing with life stories of a population of 30 people affected by Alzheimer or related diseases, hosted in a protected life-unit ; the second prospective scanning through cognitive evolution based on several years for 30 elderly people unharmed by troubles at the start of the study (depending on their life stories having many or few life events). If a certain amount of disturbing events are recounted by relatives for most of the patients of the retrospective research, the prospective research shows that an important number of live events is neither a sufficient nor a necessary condition to represent a risk factor of cognitive troubles. On the other hand, the elaboration or non elaboration of there events, their traumatic or non traumatic aspect (linked with the received or not received support and help) seems to be determining in the cognitive evolution of the subjects. Finally, among most of the subjects for whom past events prove to be traumatic, a contemporary "loss"-like episode would revive memories and would be an accelerating factor of cognitive troubles and even a collapse to a memory pathology
Ouellet-Morin, Isabelle. "Étiologie des différences individuelles liées à la sécrétion cortisolaire à la petite enfance : une étude des facteurs génétiques et environnementaux." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25653/25653.pdf.
Full textGatta, Eleonora. "Long-term outcome of perinatal stress : targeting the oxytocinergic system in the early prevention of stress-related disorders." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10015/document.
Full textThe perinatal environment contributes to program the developmental trajectory of the offspring. This trajectory extends to the old age, which is the age at maximal risk for the onset of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Mounting evidence revealed the role of oxytocin as an anti-stress factor. During the postpartum period, oxytocin plays a key role in mother-pup interactions that highly contribute to the development of the brain in the offspring. Using the model of perinatal stress in rats (PRS), we showed that postnatal administration of the oxytocin receptor agonist, carbetocin, to stressed mothers improved maternal behavior and prevented the pathological consequences of early-life stress in the offspring. We also demonstrated that chronic carbetocin treatment in adult rats was able to correct the behavioral and neurochemical consequences of PRS, thus mimicking the action of the antidepressants. Because we found a reduction in protein O-GlcNac in the hippocampus of aged PRS rats showing cognitive dysfunction, we also decided to examine whether a similar phenomenon was present in animals modeling AD. We found that tau protein was hypo-O-GlcNac and hyperphosphorylated in the hippocampus of 3xTg-AD mice. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that PRS may represent a risk factor for psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders and that carbetocin administration may eliminate this risk. This raises the attractive possibility that mothers exposed to stress during gestation or in the early postpartum period should be treated with oxytocin receptor agonists to prevent the pathological consequences of a defective maternal care for the developing child
Rahbari, Oskoui Farid. "Stress oxydatif, vieillissement et maladie de Parkinson." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR2M024.
Full textDjossou, Félix. "Stress oxydatif et paludisme : à propos de 24 observations de paludisme à plasmodium falciparum." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR2M090.
Full textMaas, Dorothea Adriana. "Myelin Matters in Schizophrenia : Neurobiological Insights from Rat Model and Human Studies." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=http://theses-intra.upmc.fr/modules/resources/download/theses/2019SORUS530.pdf.
Full textSchizophrenia (SZ) is a severe psychiatric disorder and its cognitive symptoms arise from prefrontal cortex (PFC) dysfunctioning and involve altered myelination and interneuron abnormalities. In Chapters 1 and 2 of this thesis, I have introduced the hypothesis that the myelination of parvalbumin interneurons is affected in SZ and that that high levels of oxidative stress interfere with the differentiation of oligodendrocytes (OLs) and as such hinder proper myelination. Using the APO-SUS rat model, in Chapter 3, I showed that PFC-dependent cognitive behaviour is impaired, there is an OL differentiation defect and parvalbumin interneuron hypomyelination in the APO-SUS PFC, and that environmental enrichment (EE) can restore OL differentiation, myelination and cognitive behaviour in APO-SUS rats. In Chapter 4, I show that there is oxidative stress in APO-SUS mPFC, and that this partially underlies the APO-SUS OL differentiation defect. Notably, antioxidant treatment rescued oxidative stress, interneuron myelination as well as cognitive defects in APO-SUS rats. Myelin membranes consist mainly of lipids, accordingly in Chapter 5 I show altered expression of lipid-related genes in SZ PFC, I identified shared genetic etiology between SZ and lipids, and showed that reduced cognitive performance of SZ patients was correlated with a decreased lipid content in the PFC
Cellier, Mathieu. "Elaboration de modèles expérimentaux pour l'étude des stress cellulaires dans les interactions hôte - agent pathogène." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20205.
Full textBrichler, Ségolène. "Le virus de l'hépatite delta : implication du stress oxydant, de STAT-3 et de NF-kappaB dans la pathogénèse virale." Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05T002.
Full textThe hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a satellite of hepatitis B virus (HBV). HDV uses the HBV envelope proteins to form its viral particles. The HDV genome encodes two proteins, p24 (or small protein sHDAg) and p27 (or large protein LHDAg) from a single open reading frame located on the antigenome through an editing event occuring on the delta mRNA. P24 and p27 are identical, except for the 19 additional amino acids at p27 Cterminus, which contain an isoprenylation site on a cysteine residue at position 211 (C211). This isoprenylation is critical for addressing the delta ribonucleoprotein to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane, for interaction with HBV envelope proteins, assembly and secretion of delta virions. During HBV/HDV co-infection, an inhibition of HBV replication is generally observed. However, the resulting liver disease is much more severe, with a higher incidence of fulminant hepatitis, and an accelerated progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The mechanisms are unclear, but suggest a specific HDV-related pathogenesis. To explore these questions, we used a transient transfection of Huh7 hepatocytes, using plasmids encoding the p24 and p27 delta proteins. In a first study, we show that p27, and p24 to a lesser extent, inhibit HBV replication by blocking the activation of enhancers 1 and 2, reponsible for the high level of HBV replication. Moreover, p27 can activate the interferon type I (IFNa/b)-inducible MxA promoter, and potentiate the effect of IFNa/b on MxA promoter. In a second study we investigated possible specific pathogenic mechanisms relaed to HDV. The activation of oxidative stress pathways appears to be an elective mechanism in hepatitis B and C (HCV) pathogenesis. Indeed HCV nonstructural NS5A and core proteins, and HBV HBx and envelope proteins, can induce oxidative stress within infected cells. Many transcription factors involved in various cellular signaling pathways are thus activated. Among these, STAT-3, considered as a true oncogene and NF-kB are two key factors regulating proliferation and cell death. Their activation has been found in many types of cancer, including hepatocellular carcinoma. Our results show that p27 induces a significant ER stress and an increased synthesis of the NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) enzyme, involved in the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cell, and serine or threonine phosphorylation of many transcription factors. Indeed, in our model, ROS production is significantly higher in cells expressing p27, as well as phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of STAT-3 and NF-kB. These results are confirmed by the use of antioxidants and calcium inhibitors that strongly inhibit this activation. Similarly, using a p27 plasmid construct in which C211 is mutated to serine, we obtained a 50% decrease of STAT-3 and NF-kB activation, confirming the role of isoprenylation in the observed effects. In conclusion, our results constitute a first approach to understanding the mechanisms of HDV-related liver pathogenesis
Jourde-Chiche, Noémie. "Rôle des toxines urémiques dans le déséquilibre lésion/régénération de l'endothélium." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX22956.
Full textChronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with dramatically increased cardio-vascular morbidity and mortality. Not only do traditional risk factors explain this accelerated atherosclerosis, but also chronic inflammation, oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction. Uremic toxins are solutes accumulating in serum and tissues of CKD patients. Among them, protein-bound uremic toxins are poorly removed by haemodialysis (HD), and have shown deleterious effects on cultured endothelial cells (HUVEC). We showed that indoxyl suphate (IS), a protein-bound toxin, induces reactive oxygen species production in HUVEC, through activation of NAD(P)H oxidase, and intracellular glutathione depletion. This induction of oxidative stress was observed for concentrations of IS found in CKD patients. CKD patients exhibit high levels of endothelial microparticles (EMP), a marker of endothelial lesion, and low levels of endothelial progenitor cells (EPC), originating from bone marrow and implied in endothelial repair. We asked whetehr uremic toxins could play a role in this imbalance. In HD patients, we showed that the number of CD34+/CD133+ EPC was inversely correlated with the serum levels of two uremic toxins, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA, a protein-bound uremic toxin close to IS) and ß2microglobulin. In vitro, IAA induced apoptosis of CD133+ cells, unless erythropoietin was added to the medium. Uremic serum induced EPC apoptosis. Although endothelial progenitor cell number was reduced in CKD patients compared to healthy controls, it was positively correlated with two markers of vascular lesion : the number of EMP in serum, and the pulse wave velocity reflecting arterial stifness. This suggests that EPC can be mobilized in the circulation upon vessel injury, in spite of uremic toxicity, and maybe thanks to erythropoietin treatment in HD patients. In conclusion, uremic toxins induce endothelial dysfunction, assessed by increased endothelial oxidative stress and shedding of EMP, and reduce regeneration capacities of endothelium. They are probably key actors in cardio-vascular risk of CKD patients
Nollet, Mathieu. "Etude de l'implication fonctionnelle du système orexinergique dans les mécanismes physiopathogéniques de la dépression majeure." Thesis, Tours, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOUR4046/document.
Full textNeuropeptides, especially orexins, could be involved in the neurobiological mechanisms underlying maj or depression. We used a mouse mode! of depression, the unpredictable chronic mild stress, to specifically study the role ofthe orexinergic system in depression. Stressed mice showed an increase of orexinergic neuronal activation in the dorsomedial and perifornical hypothalamus, as well as change in orexin receptor-2 expression, reversed by chronic treatment with an antidepressant. In addition, pharmacological blockade ofthe orexinergic system in stressed mice induced antidepressant-like effects, underpinned by the restoration ofthe HPA axis negative feedback, independently of an increase of hippocampal neurogenesis. These results show that the orexinergic system could be involved in the pathophysiology of depressive disorders
Morel, Jean-David. "Mechanism underpinning the immunosuppressive effects of the mycobacterial macrolide mycolactone." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC316.
Full textMycolactone is a diffusible lipid produced by the human pathogen Mycobacteriumulcerans, the causative agent of a tropical skin disease called Buruli ulcer. Bacterial production of mycolactone in infected skin causes local tissue necrosis, while inducing immunosuppressive defects at the systemic level. When I started my PhD, the molecular mechanism(s) underpinning these effects were unknown. Over the course of my thesis, I contributed to demonstrate that mycolactoneis a novel inhibitor of the Sec61 translocon, a channel regulating the biogenesis of most secretedand membrane proteins in eukaryotic cells. Indeed, a single point mutation in the alpha subunit ofSec61 protected cells from the cytotoxic and immunosuppressive effects of mycolactone. I showed that mycolactone-mediated blockade of the Sec61 translocon efficiently prevents the synthesis ofkey immune receptors and signaling molecules, impeding the communication between immunecells that is required for the development of anti-mycobacterial immunity. Through a series of larges caleproteomic studies, I demonstrated that mycolactone is a broad-acting inhibitor of Sec61 and identified the Sec61 clients that are primarily down regulated by mycolactone in physiologicallyrelevant cell types. These analyses also allowed me to describe a unique stress response,encompassing elements of the unfolded protein response and integrated stress response, that isinduced upon protein translocation blockade and ultimately causes cell apoptosis. The Sec61 translocon has been proposed to play a role in other cell functions that require the retrograde transport of proteins across membranes, namely Endoplasmic Reticulum-Associated Degradation(ERAD), an essential process in protein quality control, and antigen export to the cytosol during cross-presentation, a pathway essential to the activation of adaptive immunity to intracellular pathogens and cancer. Using mycolactone, I showed that Sec61 blockade does not affect protein export to the cytosol in either of these pathways, arguing against Sec61 operating as are trotranslocon. Altogether, my work provided a molecular mechanism for the diverse effects of mycolactone in Buruli Ulcer patients, and thus for M. ulcerans virulence. Mycolactone representing the most potent Sec61 blocker identified to date, my studies also revealed the key importance of Sec61-mediated protein translocation in the regulation of immune responses and protein homeostasis
Deblanc, Céline. "Etudes comparées de la pathogenèse des virus grippaux chez le porc pré-infecté ou non par Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1B040/document.
Full textSwine influenza is an enzootic infection affecting 50% of the French livestock. The infection can be unnoticed but can also induce high morbidity among batches of affected animals, resulting in lower production performance and significant economic losses. The severity of influenza A virus in pig is influenced by many factors such as the virus strain, husbandry practices, the immune status of animals, concomitant infections with other respiratory pathogens, etc. In the same way, various epidemiological forms of influenza exist in farms. Thus, infections can be repeated in all successive batches within a farm, especially among young animals with passive immunity. In order to better understand the clinical and epidemiological diversity of the swine flu, and help develop appropriate strategies to control the disease, we tried to bring new knowledge about factors that promote the exacerbation of the flu syndrome and/or its recurrence, and more generally to give new information about the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of influenza viruses in pigs, in relation to the response of the infected host. Firstly, we compared, through experimental infections of specific pathogen free pigs, the pathogenicity of the two swine influenza viruses mostly detected in pigs in France, i.e. one from the European “avian-like swine H1N1” lineage (H1avN1) and the other one from the European “human-like reassortant swine H1N2” lineage (H1huN2), each one alone or in co-infection with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mhp), another respiratory pathogen widespread in French farms. We showed that the H1huN2 infection induced a more marked pathology than the H1avN1 infection, and that Mhp pre-infection induced the exacerbation of the H1avN1, but not the H1huN2, infection. Then, we used the Mhp/H1avN1 co-infection model to evaluate alternative approaches that could reduce the impact of influenza infections and their complications: firstly, a supply of compounds with antioxidant properties in food; and secondly, a feed restriction of short duration. In both cases, we showed beneficial effects on zootechnical parameters the days following influenza infection. This work has also brought new knowledge on modulation of oxidative stress markers in plasma, as well as metabolic changes following the co-infection with Mhp and H1avN1 in pigs. The severity of flu clinical manifestations being related, among other, to the quality of the immune responses developed by the infected host, we studied these responses in pigs experimentally infected by H1avN1 and assessed the impact of factors such as the presence of Mhp or maternal derived antibodies on these responses. We showed that the viral infection induced inflammation and interferon response. The Mhp pre-infection exerted an additive effect on inflammation of lung tissue and may promote the virus persistence in the lung. Finally, we have shown that the presence of maternally-derived immunity protected the piglets clinically but did not prevent viral shedding, delayed the T cell response and strongly inhibited the post-infectious humoral response. However, despite the failed humoral immune response, animals were completely protected from a second infection occurring when maternal antibodies had disappeared. Therefore, this work have brought new knowledge on factors influencing influenza infection in pig as well as the underlying mechanisms, which is a prerequisite for improving disease control. They allow, between-other, to consider improving the health and welfare of animals by acting on their diet
Télot, Lorène. "Pour une meilleure compréhension de la physiopathologie de l'Ataxie de Friedreich : apport de protéomique quantitative pour la caractérisation des mécanismes moléculaires altérés." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC301.
Full textFriedreich’s ataxia (FRDA) represents the most frequent type of autosomal-recessively inherited ataxia associated with a cardiomyopathy, which is the main cause of the death, and a risk of diabetes. FRDA is caused by mutations in the FXN gene, encoding mitochondrial frataxin, arising from an unstable hyperexpansion of GAA triplet repeats in the first intron of the gene. This hyperexpansion leads to FXN gene silencing and a quantitative decreased expression of frataxin. However despite many efforts to overcome any of these abnormalities, there is currently no efficient treatment to cure or even stop the progression of this disease, mostly because many aspects of the pathological consequences of frataxin depletion are still not fully understood. The precise role of frataxin is still under debate. A key function of frataxin in Fe-S cluster biogenesis has now been clearly pointed out, but how its role in this essential cellular pathway correlates with the pathophysiology of FRDA needs to be further investigated. To better understand the biochemical sequelae of frataxin reduction, global protein expression analysis was performed using quantitative proteomic experiments in Friedreich’s ataxia patient-derived B-lymphocytes as compared to controls. We were able to confirm a subset of changes in these cells and importantly, we observed previously unreported signatures of protein expression. Mitochondria are closed to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and we used quantitative proteomic experiments to screen and analyze the impact of ER stress induced with thapsigargin in Friedreich’s ataxia patient-derived B-lymphocytes as compared to controls. We observed that the frataxin deficiency makes cells more sensitive to ER stress and leads to an up-regulation of specific adaptive mechanisms. The identification of a core set of proteins changing in the FRDA pathogenesis, with or without exogenous stress, is a useful tool in trying to decipher the function(s) of frataxin in order to clarify the metabolic disease process and find future targets for novel therapeutic strategies
Cancel, Aïda. "Les traumatismes infantiles dans la schizophrénie : apports de l'imagerie cérébrale." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0640/document.
Full textChildhood trauma (CT) is a major risk afctir for schizophrenia. The aim of this work was to question the possible impact of CT on the brain of schizophrenia patients.In our first study, using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) in 21 patients with schizophrenia and 30 controls, childhood emotional neglect was associated with decreased total grey matter volume in both groups, with a stronger association in the patients group. In schizophrenia, emotional neglect predicted grey matter decrease in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, which in turn predicted the severity of disorganization.In our second study, we used an fMRI emotional task with PPI (psychophysiological interaction) in 21 schizophrenia patients and 25 controls. During the emotional task, in schizophrenia group, sexual abuse and physical neglect during childhood were associated with decreased connectivity between the amygdala and the precuneus/posterior cingulate region.Finaly, the most replicated result in our review is the strong association between CT and decreased total grey matter volume. In addition, CT in schizophrenia patients is related to decreased prefrontal cortex grey matter, widespread alterations of white matter integrity and alterations of functional connectivity in a network including the amygdala, the anterior cingular cortex, the precuneus/posterior cingulate region and the temporo-parietal junction.Our findings suggest that CT, in interaction with other factors, could shape the psychopathology of schizophrenia through developmental effects on the brain, with predominent alterations in the prefrontal cortex, or in stress-related circuits affecting self-consciousness and social cognition
Sallee, Marion. "Mécanismes cellulaires, moléculaires et épigénétiques impliqués dans les complications de l'insuffisance rénale chronique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM5001.
Full textChronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by an irreversible decrease in kidney functions. Accumulation of uremic toxins is implicated in the uremic syndrome. Uremic syndrome affects all organs and particularly the cardiovascular system. The aim of this thesis was to identify and understand the molecular mechanisms implicated in the uremic syndrome.The first part attempted to ascertain the existence of alternative splice events associated with CKD. Two alternative splicing were identified. The small number of alternative splice events highlighted allows us to conclude that this phenomenon does not seem to be a key event in the modulation of gene expression during CKD.In the second part of this work, we demonstrated that the plasmatic concentration of an uremic toxin, Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), is associated with all-cause mortality and major cardiovascular events. In vitro, we demonstrated that IAA induced endothelial cyclooxygenase-2 expression and endothelial oxidative stress production. IAA activated an endothelial Aryl hydrocarbon receptor/P38MAPK/NF-κB pathway. The activation of this inflammatory AHR dependant pathway could play a critical role in the increase of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality observed during CKD.Our work provides new therapeutic targets. The modulation of their activation could reduce cardiovascular mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease
Dubar, Marie. "TREM-1 et parodontite : évaluation clinique de l’effet du traitement étiologique parodontal sur les concentrations de TREM-1 soluble et études in vitro de l’impact de P. gingivalis sur l’expression de TREM-1 par des cellules du parodonte." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0205.
Full textPeriodontal diseases are chronic multifactorial inflammatory diseases, affecting the tissues surrounding the teeth. The current consensus concerning their etiopathogenesis recognizes that the majority of tissue destruction is the result of a complex dysbiotic infectious process associated with immune system dysfunctions possibly exacerbated by general factors such as stress/anxiety. TREM-1 (Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid cells-1) is an immunoreceptor expressed by neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages. It plays a fundamental role in the early stages of the inflammatory response and in particular in its amplification via TLRs (Toll-like receptor). In a clinical study in patients with periodontitis, we have observed, for the first time, the effects of a non-surgical periodontal treatment on the concentrations of the soluble receptor of TREM-1, sTREM-1, remaining higher in non-improved sites. However, TREM-1s, a potential marker of the inflammatory state of the site, does not appear to be a predictive marker of periodontal healing after treatment. Clinical results also provide a new insight into the complexity of the relationships between microbiological, clinical and psychosocial factors. At the same time, the use of the peptide LR12, modulator of TREM-1, induced decreased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in in vitro models of monocytes stimulated by Porphyromonas gingivalis, a major periodontopathogen. This TREM-1 modulating agent could potentially be an interesting adjuvant in periodontal therapies to limit the amplitude of the inflammatory response without completely inhibiting it
Zarrouk, Amira. "Implication de l'acide docosanoïque (C22 0) et des acides gras à très longue chaîne (acide tétracosanoïque (C24 0), acide hexacosanoïque ( C26 0) dans la maladie d'Alzheimer : aspects biologiques et cliniques." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01010836.
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