Relevant bibliographies by topics / Stress Granules

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'Stress Granules'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 March 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Stress Granules"

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Vanneste, Joni, Thomas Vercruysse, Steven Boeynaems, Philip Van Van Damme, Dirk Daelemans, and Ludo Van Den Van Den Bosch. "Cellular Stress Induces Nucleocytoplasmic Transport Deficits Independent of Stress Granules." Biomedicines 10, no. 5 (May 3, 2022): 1057. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10051057.

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Stress granules are non-membrane bound granules temporarily forming in the cytoplasm in response to stress. Proteins of the nucleocytoplasmic transport machinery were found in these stress granules and it was suggested that stress granules contribute to the nucleocytoplasmic transport defects in several neurodegenerative disorders, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is a causal link between stress granule formation and nucleocytoplasmic transport deficits. Therefore, we uncoupled stress granule formation from cellular stress while studying nuclear import. This was carried out by preventing cells from assembling stress granules despite being subjected to cellular stress either by knocking down both G3BP1 and G3BP2 or by pharmacologically inhibiting stress granule formation. Conversely, we induced stress granules by overexpressing G3BP1 in the absence of cellular stress. In both conditions, nuclear import was not affected demonstrating that stress granule formation is not a direct cause of stress-induced nucleocytoplasmic transport deficits.
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An, Haiyan, Jing Tong Tan, and Tatyana A. Shelkovnikova. "Stress granules regulate stress-induced paraspeckle assembly." Journal of Cell Biology 218, no. 12 (October 21, 2019): 4127–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201904098.

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Eukaryotic cells contain a variety of RNA-protein macrocomplexes termed RNP granules. Different types of granules share multiple protein components; however, the crosstalk between spatially separated granules remains unaddressed. Paraspeckles and stress granules (SGs) are prototypical RNP granules localized exclusively in the nucleus and cytoplasm, respectively. Both granules are implicated in human diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. We characterized the composition of affinity-purified paraspeckle-like structures and found a significant overlap between the proteomes of paraspeckles and SGs. We further show that paraspeckle hyperassembly is typical for cells subjected to SG-inducing stresses. Using chemical and genetic disruption of SGs, we demonstrate that formation of microscopically visible SGs is required to trigger and maintain stress-induced paraspeckle assembly. Mechanistically, SGs may sequester negative regulators of paraspeckle formation, such as UBAP2L, alleviating their inhibitory effect on paraspeckles. Our study reveals a novel function for SGs as positive regulators of nuclear RNP granule assembly and suggests a role for disturbed SG-paraspeckle crosstalk in human disease.
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Piotrowska, Joanna, Spencer J. Hansen, Nogi Park, Katarzyna Jamka, Peter Sarnow, and Kurt E. Gustin. "Stable Formation of Compositionally Unique Stress Granules in Virus-Infected Cells." Journal of Virology 84, no. 7 (January 27, 2009): 3654–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01320-09.

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ABSTRACT Stress granules are sites of mRNA storage formed in response to a variety of stresses, including viral infections. Here, the mechanisms and consequences of stress granule formation during poliovirus infection were examined. The results indicate that stress granules containing T-cell-restricted intracellular antigen 1 (TIA-1) and mRNA are stably constituted in infected cells despite lacking intact RasGAP SH3-domain binding protein 1 (G3BP) and eukaryotic initiation factor 4G. Fluorescent in situ hybridization revealed that stress granules in infected cells do not contain significant amounts of viral positive-strand RNA. Infection does not prevent stress granule formation in response to heat shock, indicating that poliovirus does not block de novo stress granule formation. A mutant TIA-1 protein that prevents stress granule formation during oxidative stress also prevents formation in infected cells. However, stress granule formation during infection is more dependent upon ongoing transcription than is formation during oxidative stress or heat shock. Furthermore, Sam68 is recruited to stress granules in infected cells but not to stress granules formed in response to oxidative stress or heat shock. These results demonstrate that stress granule formation in poliovirus-infected cells utilizes a transcription-dependent pathway that results in the appearance of stable, compositionally unique stress granules.
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Sandqvist, Anton, and Lea Sistonen. "Nuclear stress granules." Journal of Cell Biology 164, no. 1 (January 5, 2004): 15–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200311102.

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Nuclear stress granules are subnuclear compartments that form in response to heat shock and other stress stimuli. Although many components of nuclear stress granules have been identified, including HSF1 and pre-mRNA processing factors, their function remains a mystery. A paper in this issue describes the stress-induced transcriptional activation of one of the nuclear stress granule target sites, a heterochromatic region that has been considered silent (Jolly et al., 2004). These intriguing findings will certainly give the research of these structures a new twist.
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Watanabe, Kazunori, and Takashi Ohtsuki. "Inhibition of HSF1 and SAFB Granule Formation Enhances Apoptosis Induced by Heat Stress." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 9 (May 7, 2021): 4982. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22094982.

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Stress resistance mechanisms include upregulation of heat shock proteins (HSPs) and formation of granules. Stress-induced granules are classified into stress granules and nuclear stress bodies (nSBs). The present study examined the involvement of nSB formation in thermal resistance. We used chemical compounds that inhibit heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1) and scaffold attachment factor B (SAFB) granule formation and determined their effect on granule formation and HSP expression in HeLa cells. We found that formation of HSF1 and SAFB granules was inhibited by 2,5-hexanediol. We also found that suppression of HSF1 and SAFB granule formation enhanced heat stress-induced apoptosis. In addition, the upregulation of HSP27 and HSP70 during heat stress recovery was suppressed by 2,5-hexanediol. Our results suggested that the formation of HSF1 and SAFB granules was likely to be involved in the upregulation of HSP27 and HSP70 during heat stress recovery. Thus, the formation of HSF1 and SAFB granules was involved in thermal resistance.
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Mollet, Stephanie, Nicolas Cougot, Ania Wilczynska, François Dautry, Michel Kress, Edouard Bertrand, and Dominique Weil. "Translationally Repressed mRNA Transiently Cycles through Stress Granules during Stress." Molecular Biology of the Cell 19, no. 10 (October 2008): 4469–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e08-05-0499.

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In mammals, repression of translation during stress is associated with the assembly of stress granules in the cytoplasm, which contain a fraction of arrested mRNA and have been proposed to play a role in their storage. Because physical contacts are seen with GW bodies, which contain the mRNA degradation machinery, stress granules could also target arrested mRNA to degradation. Here we show that contacts between stress granules and GW bodies appear during stress-granule assembly and not after a movement of the two preassembled structures. Despite this close proximity, the GW body proteins, which in some conditions relocalize in stress granules, come from cytosol rather than from adjacent GW bodies. It was previously reported that several proteins actively traffic in and out of stress granules. Here we investigated the behavior of mRNAs. Their residence time in stress granules is brief, on the order of a minute, although stress granules persist over a few hours after stress relief. This short transit reflects rapid return to cytosol, rather than transfer to GW bodies for degradation. Accordingly, most arrested mRNAs are located outside stress granules. Overall, these kinetic data do not support a direct role of stress granules neither as storage site nor as intermediate location before degradation.
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Buchan, J. Ross, Denise Muhlrad, and Roy Parker. "P bodies promote stress granule assembly in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Journal of Cell Biology 183, no. 3 (November 3, 2008): 441–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200807043.

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Recent results indicate that nontranslating mRNAs in eukaryotic cells exist in distinct biochemical states that accumulate in P bodies and stress granules, although the nature of interactions between these particles is unknown. We demonstrate in Saccharomyces cerevisiae that RNA granules with similar protein composition and assembly mechanisms as mammalian stress granules form during glucose deprivation. Stress granule assembly is dependent on P-body formation, whereas P-body assembly is independent of stress granule formation. This suggests that stress granules primarily form from mRNPs in preexisting P bodies, which is also supported by the kinetics of P-body and stress granule formation both in yeast and mammalian cells. These observations argue that P bodies are important sites for decisions of mRNA fate and that stress granules, at least in yeast, primarily represent pools of mRNAs stalled in the process of reentry into translation from P bodies.
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Lindquist, Michael E., Aaron W. Lifland, Thomas J. Utley, Philip J. Santangelo, and James E. Crowe. "Respiratory Syncytial Virus Induces Host RNA Stress Granules To Facilitate Viral Replication." Journal of Virology 84, no. 23 (September 15, 2010): 12274–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00260-10.

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ABSTRACT Mammalian cell cytoplasmic RNA stress granules are induced during various conditions of stress and are strongly associated with regulation of host mRNA translation. Several viruses induce stress granules during the course of infection, but the exact function of these structures during virus replication is not well understood. In this study, we showed that respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) induced host stress granules in epithelial cells during the course of infection. We also showed that stress granules are distinct from cytoplasmic viral inclusion bodies and that the RNA binding protein HuR, normally found in stress granules, also localized to viral inclusion bodies during infection. Interestingly, we demonstrated that infected cells containing stress granules also contained more RSV protein than infected cells that did not form inclusion bodies. To address the role of stress granule formation in RSV infection, we generated a stable epithelial cell line with reduced expression of the Ras-GAP SH3 domain-binding protein (G3BP) that displayed an inhibited stress granule response. Surprisingly, RSV replication was impaired in these cells compared to its replication in cells with intact G3BP expression. In contrast, knockdown of HuR by RNA interference did not affect stress granule formation or RSV replication. Finally, using RNA probes specific for RSV genomic RNA, we found that viral RNA predominantly localized to viral inclusion bodies but a small percentage also interacted with stress granules during infection. These results suggest that RSV induces a host stress granule response and preferentially replicates in host cells that have committed to a stress response.
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Reineke, Lucas C., Jon D. Dougherty, Philippe Pierre, and Richard E. Lloyd. "Large G3BP-induced granules trigger eIF2α phosphorylation." Molecular Biology of the Cell 23, no. 18 (September 15, 2012): 3499–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e12-05-0385.

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Stress granules are large messenger ribonucleoprotein (mRNP) aggregates composed of translation initiation factors and mRNAs that appear when the cell encounters various stressors. Current dogma indicates that stress granules function as inert storage depots for translationally silenced mRNPs until the cell signals for renewed translation and stress granule disassembly. We used RasGAP SH3-binding protein (G3BP) overexpression to induce stress granules and study their assembly process and signaling to the translation apparatus. We found that assembly of large G3BP-induced stress granules, but not small granules, precedes phosphorylation of eIF2α. Using mouse embryonic fibroblasts depleted for individual eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) kinases, we identified protein kinase R as the principal kinase that mediates eIF2α phosphorylation by large G3BP-induced granules. These data indicate that increasing stress granule size is associated with a threshold or switch that must be triggered in order for eIF2α phosphorylation and subsequent translational repression to occur. Furthermore, these data suggest that stress granules are active in signaling to the translational machinery and may be important regulators of the innate immune response.
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Park, Ye-Jin, Dong Wook Choi, Sang Woo Cho, Jaeseok Han, Siyoung Yang, and Cheol Yong Choi. "Stress Granule Formation Attenuates RACK1-Mediated Apoptotic Cell Death Induced by Morusin." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 15 (July 28, 2020): 5360. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21155360.

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Stress granules are membraneless organelles composed of numerous components including ribonucleoproteins. The stress granules are characterized by a dynamic complex assembly in response to various environmental stressors, which has been implicated in the coordinated regulation of diverse biological pathways, to exert a protective role against stress-induced cell death. Here, we show that stress granule formation is induced by morusin, a novel phytochemical displaying antitumor capacity through barely known mechanisms. Morusin-mediated induction of stress granules requires activation of protein kinase R (PKR) and subsequent eIF2α phosphorylation. Notably, genetic inactivation of stress granule formation mediated by G3BP1 knockout sensitized cancer cells to morusin treatment. This protective function against morusin-mediated cell death can be attributed at least in part to the sequestration of receptors for activated C kinase-1 (RACK1) within the stress granules, which reduces caspase-3 activation. Collectively, our study provides biochemical evidence for the role of stress granules in suppressing the antitumor capacity of morusin, proposing that morusin treatment, together with pharmacological inhibition of stress granules, could be an efficient strategy for targeting cancer.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Stress Granules"

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Mokas, Sophie. "Mécanismes d'assemblage des granules de stress." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28583/28583.pdf.

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Les granules de stress (GS) sont des sites de régulation de la traduction qui permettent aux cellules cancéreuses de survivre au stress. Elles apparaissent sous différentes conditions de stress et disparaissent une fois remises de celles-ci. Elles se forment selon deux voies, l’une dépendante de la phosphorylation du facteur eIF2α et l’autre indépendante. Les mécanismes d’assemblage des GS par cette dernière voie restent méconnus. Afin de définir ces mécanismes, l’objectif principal de ma maîtrise était de caractériser les étapes critiques de la formation de GS. En utilisant des approches pharmacologiques et d’interférence à l’ARN, nous démontrons que l’inactivation de plusieurs facteurs d’initiation de la traduction provoque la formation de GS indépendamment de la phosphorylation d’eIF2α. Par contre, l’inactivation du facteur eIF4E, ainsi que ceux permettant l’association du 60S à l’ARNm, n’induit pas de GS. De nouvelles stratégies anti-cancer inhibant la traduction et bloquant la formation de GS serait alors possible.
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Fung, Gabriel. "Interplay between stress granules, cellular stress response, and coxsackievirus B3 infection." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/58510.

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Viral infection affects a multitude of cellular processes to facilitate successful replication. Such responses include the formation of stress granules (SGs) and the activation of autophagy. SGs are stalled translational complexes and function to restore cellular homeostasis after stress. Autophagy is a cellular process that recycles misfolded proteins and damaged organelles and plays an important role in various stress responses. We previously demonstrated that infection with Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3), a common human pathogen for viral myocarditis, disrupts the autophagic process to support effective viral replication. However, the interplay between CVB3 and SGs, and the ability of SGs to regulate autophagy have not been investigated. Here we showed that SGs are formed early and actively disassembled late during CVB3 infection due to viral protease 3Cpro-mediated cleavage of Ras-GAP SH3 domain binding protein 1 (G3BP1), a key nucleating protein of SGs. Overexpression of G3BP1 inhibits CVB3 replication, indicating an anti-viral function of SGs. We further demonstrated that the C-terminal product of G3BP1 has a toxic gain-of-function that further inhibits SG formation. We also examined the interaction between CVB3 and the transactive response DNA-binding protein-43 (TDP-43), an RNA binding protein that mislocates to SGs under cellular stress. We found that TDP-43 is translocated from the nucleus to SGs upon infection through the activity of viral protease 2Apro, followed by cleavage by protease 3Cpro. The C-terminal product of TDP-43 is quickly degraded by the proteasome, whereas the N-terminal truncate acts as a dominant-negative mutant that inhibits the function of native TDP-43 in alternative RNA splicing. Knockdown of TDP-43 results in an increase in viral titres, suggesting a protective role for TDP-43 in CVB3 infection. Lastly, we explored the possible role of G3BP1-SGs in regulating autophagy. We showed that G3BP1 inhibits autophagic flux, likely by binding to cytoplasmic signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). Taken together, our results reveal that the host SGs and associated proteins, including G3BP1 and TDP-43, are utilized and modified during CVB3 infection to promote efficient viral replication and induce viral pathogenesis. Moreover, we propose a novel mechanism by which G3BP1 binds cytoplasmic STAT3 to inhibit autophagy.
Medicine, Faculty of
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of
Graduate
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Fanous, Alaa. "Elucidating the Functional Role of TDRD3 in Stress Granules." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31019.

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Tudor domain-containing protein 3, TDRD3, was first identified in a proteomic survey of the spliceosome machinery. Although its function remains elusive, elevated TDRD3 gene expression is associated with poor prognosis of estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer. The Tudor domain of TDRD3 is highly similar to the Tudor domain of the survival of motor neuron (SMN) and accordingly, it has been shown to bind dimethylated arginine residues. Our lab has previously demonstrated the association of TDRD3 with the translation machinery and most importantly, its localization to stress granules (SG) upon various cellular stresses. In this study, it was revealed that TDRD3 knockdown facilitates and accelerates SG assembly and consequently accelerates SG disassembly. Moreover, we showed that wildtype TDRD3 rescued this defect while a mutation in the Tudor domain of TDRD3, E691K, was not able to do so. Taken together, these findings allude to a prominent role for TDRD3, via its Tudor domain, in the proper formation of SGs.
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Riemschoß, Katrin [Verfasser]. "Similarities of stress granules and cytosolic prions / Katrin Riemschoß." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1206246170/34.

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Bounedjah, Ouissame. "Mécanismes d'assemblage des granules de stress dans des conditions de stress oxydatif et osmotique." Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EVRY0017/document.

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Les granules de stress (GSs) sont des entités cytoplasmiques très dynamiques et dépourvues de membranes, ils apparaissent suite à des conditions de stress. En raison du fait que les GSs sont instables et dépourvus de membranes, leur isolement biochimique n'a pas été accompli. En effet, toutes les fonctions qui sont attribuées aux GSs se basent principalement sur l'observation par microscopie optique de quelques protéines régulatrices des ARNm. A travers cette étude, nous avons déterminé la composition des GSs à l'échelle nanométrique dans deux conditions de stress différentes (stress osmotique et stress oxydatif). Nous avons d'abord cartographié les GSs par microscopie électronique puis ces mêmes granule sont été analysés par microscopie ionique. Grâce au marquage isotopique de l'ARN, nous avons montré que ces structures sont très riche sen ARN, par rapport au reste du cytoplasme et ceci dans les deux conditions de stress. Le deuxième volet de notre étude nous a permis de mettre en évidence un rôle fonctionnel des GSs dans la réponse au stress osmotique. En effet, l'augmentation de la force ionique et de l'encombrement macromoléculaire (deux paramètres qui sont accentués dans les conditions de stress osmotique) permet la dissociation des polysomes et l'assemblage des GSs. Néanmoins, quelques heures après, l'accumulation des osmolytes compatibles dans le cytoplasme par les transporteurs spécifiques réduit la force ionique et l'encombrement macromoléculaire permettant ainsi la dissociation des GSs et le retour progressif de la traduction. Nous avons démontré également que le préconditionnement des cellules avec des osmolytes compatibles avant leur exposition à un stress osmotique sévère bloque la formation des GSs et augmente le taux de survie des cellules. L'ensemble de ces résultats prouve que les osmolytes compatibles favorisent la survie cellulaire et l'adaptation des cellules aux conditions de stress osmotique partiellement via la dissociation des GSs et la reprise de la traduction
Stress granules (SGs) are highly dynamical cytoplasmic bodies laking encapsuling membarnes which appear in reponse to a wide variety of stresses. Due to their lack of membranes and their instability, their biochemical isolation from cells has not yet been accomplished. All functions attributed to SGs are mostly based on optical microscopy observations of key proteins involved in mRNA processing. In the first part of our study, we explored the RNA composition SGs at a nanometric scale and their biophysical properties in two different conditions (osmotic and oxydative stresses). To do so, we imaged and identified the SGs by electron microscopy and analyzed the distribution of N15-uridine labeled-RNA via ionic microscopy. We show that the SGs are enriched in RNA compared to rest of cytoplasm in the two stress conditions. The second part of our study, we tackled the functional role of the SGs in response to osmotic stress. The increase of ionic strength and macromolecular crowding which are the hallmark of osmotic stress lead to SGs assembly in cells after polysome disassembly. However, several hours after the onset of stress, the compatible osmolyte accumulation in the cell by specific transporters reduces the ionic strength and macromolecular crowding thus allowing the diassembly of SGs and the progressive return of translation. In line with this, celle preconditioning with compatible osmolytes before their exposition to severe osmotoc stress prevents the assembly of SGs and increases the rate of cell survival. Together, these results show that compatible osmolytes favors cell survival and adaptation to osmotoc stress via the disassembly of SGs ans recovery of translation
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Gasparinho, Goncalves A. C. "Understanding the role of stress granules in the inner ear." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2017. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1553331/.

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The human ear undergoes stress constantly. Exposure to noise, drugs or ageing contribute to the irreversible loss of hair cells, resulting in hearing loss. To understand why we go deaf, it is important to understand how the ear responds to stress. Stress granules (SGs) are aggregates of mRNA and proteins that are formed during stress. The SG-pathway has been implicated in the cochlea’s response to aminoglycoside antibiotics, suggesting that SGs play an important role during ototoxicity. Dysregulation of SG-formation has also been linked to neurodegeneration, supporting the hypothesis that SGs play a critical role in cell survival. Here, the formation and regulation of SGs have been investigated in an inner ear context using a combination of inner ear-derived UB/OC-2 cells, cochlear explants and the in-vivo mouse cochlea. Cells were labelled for two SG-proteins, TIA-1 and Caprin-1, and polyA+ mRNA was detected within SGs using RNA-immuno-FISH. A novel quantification method was developed to characterise in detail the number and size of SGs upon two stress paradigms, heat shock and arsenite. PolyA+ mRNA was observed to aggregate within SGs following different types of stress, suggesting that SGs are involved in post transcriptional regulation of gene expression in the cochlea. Experiments in cochlear explants suggest that pharmacological induction of SGs promotes outer hair cell survival during aminoglycoside exposure. In addition, SG formation was observed in the in-vivo C57BL/6 cochlea during ageing, suggesting that SGs may be related to cochlear degeneration. Hsp70, previously shown to promote hair cell survival following ototoxicity has been associated with SGs in other systems. Here, Hsp70 expression was evaluated in OC 2 cells following different stressors and evidence suggests it to be a key regulator of SGs. Taken together, these data implicate the SG pathway with maintenance of auditory function as a potential therapeutic target for further investigation.
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CONI, PAOLA. "Ruolo della TDP-43 nella formazione dei granuli da stress nella Sclerosi Laterale Amiotrofica." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/266642.

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Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a late-onset neurodegenerative disease characterized by the selective loss of upper and lower motor neurons; most ALS cases are sporadic, and only 5-10% are familial. About 4% of familial cases, are due to mutations in TARDBP, the gene encoding TDP-43, that is an ubiquitous nuclear protein that regulates mRNA functions and metabolism. Recent studies suggest that TDP-43 may regulates stress granules dynamics that are cytoplasmic structures composed of non-translating messenger ribonucleoproteins (mRNPs) that rapidly aggregate in cells exposed to adverse environmental conditions. Stress granules function in part to triage RNA and sequester transcripts not needed for coping with the stress. We evaluated stress granule dynamics in primary fibroblast cultures from skin of ALS patients carriying TARDBPA382T mutation, ALS patients without any TARDBP mutation and healthy controls. After treatment with sodium arsenite (0,5 mM), for 30 and 60 minutes, we observed a significantly higher number of cells exhibiting stress granules, identified by immunostaining for specific markers (TIA-1 and HuR), in fibroblasts from healthy controls compare with those from ALS patients carriying TARDBPA382T mutation. Moreover, fibroblasts from healthy controls showed more stress granules per cell compare with those from ALS patients, while no differences were observed in stress granule size between groups. Fibroblasts from ALS patients without any TARDBP mutation, showed the same ability to form stress granules as cells from healthy controls, confirming that the decrease was associated to TARDBPA382T mutation rather than other factors attributable to ALS. In all samples analyzed TDP-43 immunostaining was always observed into the nucleus of all the cells and even after sodium arsenite treatment TDP-43 was never localized in stress granules. The involvement of TDP-43 in stress granule assembly was confirmed by silencing TARDBP gene in fibroblasts from healthy controls. After sodium arsenite treatment, fibroblasts in wich TARDBP gene was silenced, showed a significantly lower number of cells exhibiting stress granules compare with unsilenced controls. Following stress stimuli, we observed, using MTT assay, a significant higher cytotoxicity in fibroblasts from patients carriying TARDBPA382T mutation compare with healthy controls. Expression of G3BP, a core stress granule component, was significantly lower after sodium arsenite treatment in fibroblasts from patients carriying TARDBPA382T mutation compare with healthy controls. We can conclude that TARDBPA382T mutation caused a reduction in the ability of human fibroblasts to respond to stress through loss of TDP-43 function in stress granule nucleation. The pathogenetic action revealed in our study model does not seem to be mediated by changes in the localization of the TDP-43 protein, but we found that this protein contributes to stress granule formation through a regulatory effect on the G3BP core protein. These data demonstrate that TDP-43 may modulate stress granule formation contributing to the cellular response to acute stress and suggest that TARDBPA382T mutation may compromise the cellular stress response, contributing to neuronal vulnerability in ALS.
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Bahri, Alia. "Rôle des condensats préexistants dans la modulation de l'agrégation induite par le stress." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024COAZ6048.

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Les condensats de ribonucléoprotéines (RNP sont des organelles sans membrane concentrant des protéines et ARN spécifiques, et organisent le transcriptome et le protéome cellulaires. Une mauvaise régulation de ces condensats pourrait entraîner des maladies, lorsque ces condensats « physiologiques », normalement fluides et réversibles, deviennent des agrégats rigides et irréversibles, dits « pathologiques ». Bien que plusieurs recherches aient étudié le rôle du mauvais repliement des protéines dans cette transition, celui de l'ARN est moins exploré. Mon travail comble cette lacune en explorant la contribution de l'ARN aux transitions entre condensats physiologiques et agrégats pathologiques. J'ai utilisé les granules induits par le stress (SiG) et les P-bodies (PB) dans les ovocytes de C. elegans comme modèles. Les PBs, constitutifs, représentent les condensats « physiologiques », tandis que les SiG, formés en réponse au stress, sont plus enclins aux transitions pathologiques.Pour répondre à cette question, j'ai analysé trois critères : (1) la densité de l'ARNm dans les condensats ou les agrégats, mesurée par smiFISH ; (2) la persistance des condensats ARN, observée par imagerie des protéines de granule fusionnées à la GFP ; et (3) la létalité cellulaire, mesurée via la létalité embryonnaire. Chez C. elegans sans PBs préexistants, un stress de chaleur prolongé accroit la densité d'ARNm dans les condensats, accompagnée d'une persistance des condensats devenus insolubles et de mort cellulaire, suggérant qu'un stress prolongé entraîne un enchevêtrement d'ARN responsable de la persistance des condensats ARN et de la mort cellulaire. Cependant, chez les C. elegans avec des PBs préexistants, ces effets étaient réduits, suggérant que les PBs préexistants limitent l'agrégation pathologique des ARNm induite par le stress. Pour évaluer les changements transcriptomiques dans les PB sous stress, j'ai séquencé leur transcriptome par FAPS-seq sous stress de chaleur et de froid. Nos résultats montrent que le transcriptome des PBs est modifié de manière spécifique au type de stress, suggérant qu'une condensation sélective des ARNm participe à l'adaptation de la traduction aux conditions environnementales
Ribonucleoprotein (RNP) condensates are membrane-less organelles that concentrate specific proteins and RNA and organize the cellular transcriptome and proteome. Dysregulation of these condensates could lead to diseases when these "physiological" condensates, normally fluid and reversible, become rigid and irreversible aggregates, known as "pathological" aggregates. While several studies have examined the role of protein misfolding in this transition, the role of RNA is less explored. My work fills this gap by investigating the contribution of RNA to the transitions between physiological condensates and pathological aggregates. I used stress-induced granules (SiG) and P-bodies (PB) in C. elegans oocytes as models. The constitutive PBs represent "physiological" condensates, while the SiG, formed in response to stress, are more prone to pathological transitions.To address this question, I analyzed three criteria: (1) mRNA density in condensates or aggregates, measured by smiFISH; (2) the persistence of RNA condensates, observed through imaging of GFP-tagged granule proteins; and (3) cell lethality, measured via embryonic lethality. In C. elegans without pre-existing PBs, prolonged heat stress increases mRNA density in the condensates, accompanied by the persistence of insoluble condensates and cell death, suggesting that prolonged stress leads to RNA entanglement responsible for the persistence of RNA condensates and cell death. However, in C. elegans with pre-existing PBs, these effects were reduced, suggesting that pre-existing PBs limit stress-induced pathological aggregation of mRNAs. To assess transcriptomic changes in PBs under stress, I sequenced their transcriptome using FAPS-seq under heat and cold stress. Our results show that the PB transcriptome is specifically modified according to the type of stress, suggesting that selective condensation of mRNAs contributes to the adaptation of translation to environmental conditions
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Moutaoufik, Mohamed Taha. "Granules de stress cytoplasmiques à ARN induits par le rayonnement ultraviolet (UV)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28900/28900.pdf.

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Chez les eucaryotes, différents types de granules à ARN sont des acteurs importants dans les mécanismes de la régulation post-transcriptionnelle de l'expression des gènes. L’irradiation aux UV induit la formation des petits granules cytoplasmiques (GUV) qui ne sont pas des processing bodies et qui semblent être une nouvelle sous classe de granules de stress. Ces granules n’ont pas la même cinétique de formation et de disparition ainsi que la taille, le nombre et la capacité de fusion que les granules de stress classiques. D’autre part, la formation de ces granules UV ne semble pas affecter le niveau de traduction, ni d’induire la réponse au stress. Toutefois, nous avons observé que l’apparition des granules coïncide avec l’arrêt de la prolifération cellulaire. En effet, dans les conditions expérimentales utilisées, la prolifération est décalée de 24 à 48 h selon la dose d’irradiation. L’ensemble de ces observations suggère fortement l'existence, d'une nouvelle sous classe de granules de stress induit par les UV, dont le rôle semble être la répression de la traduction des ARNm codant pour des facteurs importants de prolifération cellulaire.
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Ng, Siew Kit. "Investigating the localization of ADAR1 to cytoplasmic stress granules in mammalian cells." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708396.

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Books on the topic "Stress Granules"

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Nedderman, R. M. Statics and kinematics of granular materials. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.

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Chiavarini, Katherine E. Rapid effects of corticosterone on stress-related behaviors in an amphibian. 1997.

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Nedderman, R. M. Statics and Kinematics of Granular Materials. Cambridge University Press, 2005.

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Nedderman, R. M. Statics and Kinematics of Granular Materials. Cambridge University Press, 2009.

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Nedderman, R. M. Statics and Kinematics of Granular Materials. Cambridge University Press, 2011.

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Lowry, Christopher. Neurobiology of stress: Central actions of corticotropin-releasing factor in an amphibian. 1995.

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Terentjev, Eugene M., and David A. Weitz, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Soft Condensed Matter. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199667925.001.0001.

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This Handbook serves both as an introduction and an overview of the field of soft condensed matter. The discussion covers topics ranging from the fundamentals of colloid science to the principles and action of surfactants, modern directions of research in liquid crystals, and the key properties of foams. The book also explores the fundamental physics that controls the structure and mechanics of granular matter; how the unusual and often dramatic mechanical properties of concentrated polymer systems are determined by the physics of entanglements; the complex structures formed by block copolymers and the methods of structure analysis; rubber elasticity and new emerging classes of rubber-elastic materials; the physics of polyelectrolytes; the solvent dynamics in polymer gels, in equilibrium and under mechanical stress; the hierarchical structure and characteristics of an extracellular matrix; and the hierarchical structure and resulting physical properties of the cell cytoskeleton. The book concludes with an analysis of the properties of interfaces and membranes.
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(Editor), Hoe I. Ling, Luigi Callisto (Editor), Dov Leshchinsky (Editor), and Junichi Koseki (Editor), eds. Soil Stress-Strain Behavior: Measurement, Modeling and Analysis: A Collection of Papers of the Geotechnical Symposium in Rome, March 16-17, 2006 (Solid ... (Solid Mechanics and Its Applications). Springer, 2007.

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Book chapters on the topic "Stress Granules"

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Singh, Ashutosh, Ravinsh Kumar, and Amrita Srivastava. "Stress Granules: Synthesis and Significance." In Stress Biology in Photosynthetic Organisms, 293–309. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-1883-2_13.

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Ohshima, Daisuke, Kyoko Arimoto-Matsuzaki, Taichiro Tomida, Mutsuhiro Takekawa, and Kazuhisa Ichikawa. "Stochastic Simulation of Stress Granules." In Protein Modifications in Pathogenic Dysregulation of Signaling, 77–93. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55561-2_6.

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De Graeve, Fabienne, Nadia Formicola, Kavya Vinayan Pushpalatha, Akira Nakamura, Eric Debreuve, Xavier Descombes, and Florence Besse. "Detecting Stress Granules in Drosophila Neurons." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 229–42. New York, NY: Springer US, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1975-9_14.

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Stoecklin, Georg, and Nancy Kedersha. "Relationship of GW/P-Bodies with Stress Granules." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 197–211. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5107-5_12.

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Fan, Alexander C., and Anthony K. L. Leung. "RNA Granules and Diseases: A Case Study of Stress Granules in ALS and FTLD." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 263–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29073-7_11.

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Cruz, Anna, Mamta Verma, and Benjamin Wolozin. "The Pathophysiology of Tau and Stress Granules in Disease." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 359–72. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9358-8_26.

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Morisaki, Tatsuya, and Timothy J. Stasevich. "Single-Molecule Imaging of mRNA Interactions with Stress Granules." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 349–60. New York, NY: Springer US, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1975-9_21.

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Fernandes, Nikita, Nichole Eshleman, and J. Ross Buchan. "Stress Granules and ALS: A Case of Causation or Correlation?" In Advances in Neurobiology, 173–212. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89689-2_7.

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Sim, Edward, Elena Irollo, and Elda Grabocka. "Evaluating Stress Granules in Pancreatic Cancer In Vitro and In Vivo." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 183–95. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8879-2_17.

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McMulkin, Nancy. "Sequestration of mRNAs: Role of Stress Granules and Processing Bodies in Plant Salt Tolerance." In Genetics of Salt Tolerance in Plants, 77–95. GB: CABI, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781800623033.0006.

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Conference papers on the topic "Stress Granules"

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Zheng, Xiaoying, Wei Chen, Ningwei Zhu, and Xiaochen Li. "Effect of Shear Stress on the Cultivation and Characteristics of Aerobic Granules." In 2009 3rd International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering (iCBBE). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2009.5162713.

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"PARP1 activation promotes FUS translocation to cytoplasm and incorporation into stress granules." In Bioinformatics of Genome Regulation and Structure/ Systems Biology. institute of cytology and genetics siberian branch of the russian academy of science, Novosibirsk State University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/bgrs/sb-2020-367.

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Emara, Mohamed M., Freshteh Palangi, Samson M. Samuel, I. Richard Thompson, and Chris R. Triggle. "Stress Granules as a possible regulator of pluripotent stem cell self renewal and differentaition." In Qatar Foundation Annual Research Conference Proceedings. Hamad bin Khalifa University Press (HBKU Press), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5339/qfarc.2018.hbpp822.

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Abdelrasol, H., A. Chopra, L. Shvachiy, T. F. Outeiro, D. Beutner, and C. Setz. "Bildung von Stress-Granules in der HEI-OC1 auditorischen Zelllinie und das Corti-Organ." In 100 JAHRE DGHNO-KHC: WO KOMMEN WIR HER? WO STEHEN WIR? WO GEHEN WIR HIN? Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1728254.

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Marklein, B., M. Jenning, K. Muenzer, G. Burmester, and K. Skriner. "SAT0004 New autoantigen (JKTBP) part of stress granules closes the sensitivity gap in rheumatoid arthritis." In Annual European Congress of Rheumatology, 14–17 June, 2017. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and European League Against Rheumatism, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-eular.3653.

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Marklein, Bianka, Madeleine Jenning, Karen Münzner, Zoltan Konthur, Thomas Häupl, Andrew Cope, Mark Shlomchik, et al. "02.41 New autoantigen (jktbp) part of stress granules closes the sensitivity gap in rheumatoid arthritis." In 37th European Workshop for Rheumatology Research 2–4 March 2017 Athens, Greece. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and European League Against Rheumatism, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-211050.41.

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Antonacci, Giuseppe. "Altered stress granules biomechanics by ALS protein FUS revealed by background-deflection Brillouin microscopy (Conference Presentation)." In Optical Elastography and Tissue Biomechanics VI, edited by Kirill V. Larin and Giuliano Scarcelli. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2509477.

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Kolobova, Elena, M. Cecilia Larocca, and James R. Goldenring. "Abstract 3560: Evaluation of RNA-stress granules formation as an indicator of response to Darinaparsin in cancer cell lines." In Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC. American Association for Cancer Research, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am10-3560.

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Zhou, Fuping, Suresh G. Advani, and Eric D. Wetzel. "Characterization of the Viscous Behavior of Compacted Ceramic Particles Under Shear and Pressure Loads." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-42991.

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Ceramic armors are known to provide excellent ballistic resistance, but the precise mechanisms of projectile defeat in these systems are not fully understood. A critical stage in the penetration process is the flow of the pulverized ceramic past the projectile. To further understand this phenomenon, we are investigating the flow and energy dissipation of granular beds, specifically under conditions of high pressure. Two different viscometer systems are designed and fabricated to characterize the behavior of ceramic particles under shear stress and high pressures. The first system is a Couette flow device with ability to exert pressure on the particles during its rotation and measure the torque and angular velocity of the system. These data are used to extract viscosity and energy dissipation due to friction between particles as a function of the shear rate. The second system focuses on the movement of a cylinder through a bed of compacted ceramic particles. By measuring the force required to move the cylinder through the compacted bed, we can evaluate the effective resistance of the particle bed under various compaction pressures. By characterizing the friction coefficient, we obtain the apparent viscosity of the compacted granules under different pressure loads for low strain rates. This characterization should prove useful in understanding the shearing and dissipation mechanisms between granular particles under high pressures.
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Litoshenko, Nataliya. "Residual thermal stresses in cemented carbide with mesostructure." In IXth INTERNATIONAL SAMSONOV CONFERENCE “MATERIALS SCIENCE OF REFRACTORY COMPOUNDS”. Frantsevich Ukrainian Materials Research Society, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.62564/m4-nl1500.

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The development of composite materials with mesostructures is a relevant task today [1, 2]. One of the effective methods to increase the workability of products made of WC–Co, WC–Ni, TiC–WC–Co hard alloys is to form a mesostructure in them, which will make it possible to improve physical and mechanical properties and simultaneously achieve high wear resistance and fracture toughness [3], as well as double the value of the strength limit and four times the fracture deformation during compression tests. In hard alloys, the meso-structure consists of mesoelements - an ensemble of carbide particles cemented by a binding metal and a metal phase. The properties of such compositions depend on the composition, structure and state of the mesoelements and the matrix. Carbide products with a mesostructure are promising in the mining industry and mechanical engineering. In particular, using them in hard alloy elements of friction pairs and sealing units, it is possible to achieve the most optimal ratio of wear resistance and fracture toughness. The level of residual thermal stresses in granules and interlayers of mesostructural hard alloys (WC–Со)gran–Со, (WC–Ni)gran–Ni, (TiC–Со)gran–Со, (TiC–Ni)gran– Ni , arising during its cooling from the sintering temperature to room temperature was established by analytical methods. The dependence of local stresses on the content of the binder phase in the granule and hard alloy was studied for a layer thickness equal to 10% of the radius of the granule. With an increase in its content from 15 to 30 wt%, compressive stresses in a WC carbide with a binder content of 3...25 vol% increase from –25 to –366 MPa, and the tensile stresses in the Co layer change from 1134 to 687 MPa. The tensile stress values in the matrix layers are lower than in standard hard alloys of similar brands, in particular for (WC–Ni)gran–Ni – by 69%, and for (WC–Со)gran–Со – by 30%.
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Reports on the topic "Stress Granules"

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Boyle, E., and M. Massoudi. A kinetic theory derivation of the stress tensor for granular material that includes normal stress effects. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5207147.

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Wolfenson, David, William W. Thatcher, Rina Meidan, Charles R. Staples, and Israel Flamenbaum. Hormonal and Nutritional Stretegies to Optimize Reproductive Function and Improve Fertility of Dairy Cattle during Heat Stress in Summer. United States Department of Agriculture, August 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7568773.bard.

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The BARD program includes two main parts. In the first, experiments were conducted to complete our understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the impairment of reproductive functions under heat stress. Experiments focused on follicular development and function, since results obtained in our previous BARD project indicate that the preovulatory follicle is susceptible to heat stress. The theca cells, sensitive to thermal stress, produced less androgen during the summer, as well as during the autumn. Similarly, luteinized theca cells obtained from cows in summer produced much less progesterone than in winter. Granulosa cells and luteinized granulosa cells were less susceptible to heat stress. A delayed effect of heat stress on follicular development, on suppression of dominance and on steroid production by theca and granulosa cells was noted. This may be related to the low fertility of cows during the cool months of autumn. In the second part, experiments were conducted aiming to improve fertility in summer. The timed AI program was developed using two injections of GnRH coupled with PGF2a. It was found effective in improving reproductive performance in lactating cows. Limitations induced by heat stress on estrus detection were eliminated with the timed AI management program. Replacing the second injection of GnRH with hCG instead of GnRH agonist increased plasma progesterone levels post ovulation but did not improve fertility. Use of the timed AI program in summer, shortened days open and increased the net revenue per cow, however, it did not protect the embryo fiom temperature-induced embryonic mortality. Incorporation of a GnRH-agonist implant into the timed AJ program was examined. The implant increased plasma progesterone and LH concentrations and altered follicular dynamics. The use of a GnRH-implant enhanced pregnancy rate in cows with low body conditions. In a timed embryo transfer experiment, the use of fresh or frozen in vitro produced embryos was compared in the summer to improve fertility. The use of flesh embryos (but not frozen ones) improved pregnancy rate, however, substantial embryonic death occurred between 21 and 45 days. The timed AI program, which is now being used commercially, shortened days open, and increased pregnancy rate during summer. Other approaches which were found to improve fertility in small-scale studies, need to be tested again in large-scale field trials.
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Sarker, Priyanka, and Erol Tutumluer. A Stress-history-based Approach for Predicting Deformation Potentials of Granular Base and Subbase Layers in Airport Pavements. Illinois Center for Transportation, July 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/20-013.

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Tarpley, Danielle, and David Perkey. Impacts of Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) on erosion behavior of muddy sediment. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/44841.

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Recent policy changes regarding the placement of dredged material have encouraged the USACE to increase its beneficial use (BU) of the sediments dredged from the nation’s navigation channels. A good portion of this material is fine grained (<63 μm), which traditionally has limited use in BU applications, in part due to its dispersive nature. A need exists to evaluate the potential of stabilizing and using fine-grained sediment (FGS) in BU projects. Previous studies have shown the addition of granular sand to FGS reduces the mobility of the bed. The potential of using Granular Activated Carbon (GAC), an amendment commonly used in environmental capping involving FGS, as a similar bed stabilizing material was explored in this study. A series of laboratory erosion tests using Sedflume were performed on FGS-GAC mixtures that ranged from 5% to 20% GAC by mass. Results suggested that GAC content ≤10% had no influence on the stability of the bed while GAC content ≥15% appeared to reduce both critical shear stress (τcr) and erosion rate (n). However, when compared to control cores, those without GAC, clear evidence of bed stabilization of FGS from the addition of GAC was not observed.
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Tan, Peng, and Nicholas Sitar. Parallel Level-Set DEM (LS-DEM) Development and Application to the Study of Deformation and Flow of Granular Media. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/kmiz5819.

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We present a systematic investigation of computational approaches to the modeling of granular materials. Granular materials are ubiquitous in everyday life and in a variety of engineering and industrial applications. Despite the apparent simplicity of the laws governing particle-scale interactions, predicting the continuum mechanical response of granular materials still poses extraordinary challenges. This is largely due to the complex history dependence resulting from continuous rearrangement of the microstructure of granular material, as well as the mechanical interlocking due to grain morphology and surface roughness. X-Ray Computed Tomography (XRCT) is used to characterize the grain morphology and the fabric of the granular media, naturally deposited sand in this study. The Level-Set based Discrete Element Method (LS-DEM) is then used to bridge the granular behavior gap between the micro and macro scale. The LS-DEM establishes a one-to-one correspondence between granular objects and numerical avatars and captures the details of grain morphology and surface roughness. However, the high-fidelity representation significantly increases the demands on computational resources. To this end a parallel version of LS-DEM is introduced to significantly decrease the computational demands. The code employs a binning algorithm, which reduces the search complexity of contact detection from O(n2) to O(n), and a domain decomposition strategy is used to elicit parallel computing in a memory- and communication-efficient manner. The parallel implementation shows good scalability and efficiency. High fidelity LS avatars obtained from XRCT images of naturally deposited sand are then used to replicate the results of triaxial tests using the new, parallel LS-DEM code. The result show that both micro- and macro-mechanical behavior of natural material is well captured and is consistent with experimental data, confirming experimental observation that the primary source of peak strength of sand is the mechanical interlocking between irregularly shaped grains. Specifically, triaxial test simulations with a flexible membrane produce a very good match to experimentally observed relationships between deviatoric stress and mobilized friction angle for naturally deposited sand. We then explore the viability of modeling dynamic problems with a new formulation of an impulse based LS-DEM. The new formulation is stable, fast, and energy conservative. However, it can be numerically stiff when the assembly has substantial mass differences between particles. We also demonstrate the feasibility of modeling deformable structures in the rigid body framework and propose several enhancements to improve the convergence of collision resolution, including a hybrid time integration scheme to separately handle at rest contacts and dynamic collisions. Finally, we extend the impulse-based LS-DEM to include arbitrarily shaped topographic surfaces and exploit its algorithmic advantages to demonstrate the feasibility of modeling realistic behavior of granular flows. The novel formulation significantly improves performance of dynamic simulations by allowing larger time steps, which is advantageous for observing the full development of physical phenomena such as rock avalanches, which we present as an illustrative example.
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Parkins. L51743 Stress Corrosion Cracking of Pipelines in Contact with Near-Neutral pH Solutions. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), July 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010322.

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While much has been learned about low pH stress corrosion cracking in the decade since it was recognized, a review of the published papers and reports since the last overview of the subject in 1992 indicates that there is still much to be understood about this matter. Most of the laboratory studies have involved dilute solutions based upon those found in the vicinity of cracks in operating lines, but the possible role of bacteria, for which there is supporting field evidence, has not received systematic study. The trans-granular service cracking has been reproduced in the laboratory, most readily when relatively high stresses and/or strains are applied to specimens, but there is still difficulty in reproducing cracking in the laboratory with stressing conditions similar to those on an operating pipeline. If meaningful modeling of low pH cracking is to be achieved, there is need for more data on crack initiation and the early stages of growth with stressing conditions no overly excessive by comparison with service conditions. There is also a need, related to modeling, of an understanding of the mechanistic aspects of cracking, since while it is known, not least from visible evidence of corrosion on the sides of cracks, that dissolution occurs within the crack enclave, there is indirect evidence that the ingress of hydrogen into the steel may be involved also in the overall crack growth process. If hydrogen is involved then existing models based upon high pH cracking, and involving a quantifiable dissolution mechanism, will not be directly applicable to the low pH problem.
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Marcellino, Massimiliano, and Dalibor Stevanovic. The demand and supply of information about inflation. CIRANO, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54932/djgr5759.

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In this article we study how the demand and supply of information about inflation affect inflation developments. As a proxy for the demand of information, we extract Google Trends (GT) for keywords such as "inflation", "inflation rate", or "price increase". The rationale is that when agents are more interested about inflation, they should search for information about it, and Google is by now a natural source. As a proxy for the supply of information about inflation, we instead use an indicator based on a (standardized) count of the Wall Street Journal (WSJ) articles containing the word "inflat" in their title. We find that measures of demand (GT) and supply (WSJ) of inflation information have a relevant role to understand and predict actual inflation developments, with the more granular information improving expectation formation, especially so during periods when inflation is very high or low. In particular, the full information rational expectation hypothesis is rejected, suggesting that some informational rigidities exist and are waiting to be exploited. Contrary to the existing evidence, we conclude that the media communication and agents attention do play an important role for aggregate inflation expectations, and this remains valid also when controlling for FED communications.
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Virtucio, Michael, Barbaros Cetiner, Bingyu Zhao, Kenichi Soga, and Erturgul Taciroglu. A Granular Framework for Modeling the Capacity Loss and Recovery of Regional Transportation Networks under Seismic Hazards: A Case Study on the Port of Los Angeles. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, June 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/hxhg3206.

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Earthquakes, being both unpredictable and potentially destructive, pose great risks to critical infrastructure systems like transportation. It becomes crucial, therefore, to have both a fine-grained and holistic understanding of how the current state of a transportation system would fare during hypothetical hazard scenarios. This paper introduces a synthesis approach to assessing the impacts of earthquakes by coupling an image-based structure-and-site-specific bridge fragility generation methodology with regional-scale traffic simulations and economic loss prediction models. The proposed approach’s use of context-rich data such as OpenStreetMap and Google Street View enables incorporating information that is abstracted in standard loss analysis tools like HAZUS in order to construct nonlinear bridge models and corresponding fragility functions. The framework uses a semi-dynamic traffic assignment model run on a regional traffic network that includes all freeways and local roads (1,444,790 edges) and outputs traffic volume on roads before and after bridge closures due to an earthquake as well as impacts to individual trips (42,056,426 trips). The combination of these models enables granularity, facilitating a bottom-up approach to estimating costs incurred solely due to physical damage to the transportation network. As a case study, the proposed framework is applied to the road network surrounding the Port of Los Angeles---an infrastructure of crucial importance---for assessing resilience and losses at a high resolution. It is found that the port area is disproportionately impacted in the hypothetical earthquake scenario, and delays in bridge repair can lead to a 50% increase in costs.
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9

Tehrani, Fariborz M., Kenneth L. Fishman, and Farmehr M. Dehkordi. Extending the Service-Life of Bridges using Sustainable and Resilient Abutment Systems: An Experimental Approach to Electrochemical Characterization of Lightweight Mechanically Stabilized Earth. Mineta Transportation Institute, July 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2023.2225.

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Bridges are critical components of transportation infrastructure. This research addresses the need to extend the service life of bridges by improving the safety and reliability of bridge abutments and reducing their life-cycle cost and footprints. Mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) is a known strategy to enhance the economy and performance of bridge abutments. In addition, the application of rotary-kiln-manufactured lightweight aggregate backfills improves the performance of MSE bridge abutments with a leaner structural system. Such improvements include a reduction of structural demands due to a lower density, free drainage of granular materials, a high internal friction angle, less settlement with no consolidation, and accelerated construction requiring less compaction effort. This project aims to assess the electrochemical properties of expanded shale, clay, and slate (ESCS) aggregates and their influence on the corrosion of embedded steel strips. The experimental methodology involves evaluating current testing methods to measure electrical resistivity, pH, sulfate, chloride, and corrosion considering various gradation, moisture, dilution, and curing conditions. Samples represent available sources of ESCS with one source of normal weight aggregates for comparison. Results indicate the appropriateness of ESCS for addressing corrosion in MSE backfills. Further, outcomes provide guidelines to categorically predict the corrosivity of steel reinforcement when ESCS is employed as fill within MSE systems. These guidelines can help optimize the design and reduce the need to maintain and rehabilitate bridges, abutments, and approach and departure slabs on roadways to keep transportation systems safe and cost-efficient for sustainable infrastructure.
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10

Brandenberg, Scott, Jonathan Stewart, Kenneth Hudson, Dong Youp Kwak, Paolo Zimmaro, and Quin Parker. Ground Failure of Hydraulic Fills in Chiba, Japan and Data Archival in Community Database. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, July 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/amnh7013.

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This report describes analysis of ground failure and lack thereof observed in the Mihama Ward portion of Chiba, Japan following the 2011 M9.0 Tohoku Earthquake. In conjunction with this work, we have also significantly expanded the laboratory component of the Next Generation Liquefaction (NGL) relational database. The district referred to as Mihama Ward is on ground composed of hydraulic fill sluiced in by pipes, thereby resulting in a gradient of soil coarseness, with coarser soils deposited near the pipes and fine-grained soils carried further away. Observations from local researchers at Chiba University following the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake indicate that ground failure was observed closer to the locations where the pipes deposited the soil, and not further away. This ground failure consisted of extensive sand boiling and ground cracking, which led to building settlement and pipe breaks. Our hypothesis at the outset of the project was that liquefaction susceptibility might explain the pattern of ground failure. Specifically, soils deposited near the pipes are susceptible due to their coarser texture, while soils further from the pipes may be non-susceptible due to the presence of clay minerals and higher plasticity. Were this hypothesis borne out by evidence, soil in the transition zone would have provided important insights about liquefaction susceptibility. Based on testing of soils in our laboratory, we find this hypothesis to be only partially correct. We have confirmed that there are regions with high clay contents and no ground failure and other regions with predominantly granular soils and extensive surface manifestation of liquefaction. Where the hypothesis breaks down is in the transition zone, where we found that the fine-grained soils are non-plastic, and therefore they are susceptible to liquefaction. Our interpretation is that these silt materials likely liquefied during the earthquake, but did not manifest liquefaction. Two factors may have contributed to this lack of manifestation: (1) level ground conditions and lack of large driving static shear stresses (structures in the region are light residential construction) and (2) the silt is less likely to erode to the surface and form silt boils than the sandier soils that produced surface manifestations. This case history points to the importance of separating triggering (defined as the development of significant excess pore pressure and loss of strength) from manifestation (defined as observations of ground failure, including cracking, sand boils, and lateral spreading). The Mihama Ward case history involved laboratory tests performed by Tokyo Soil Research Co. Ltd. and the UCLA geotechnical laboratory. Given the importance of this data to the understanding of this case history, we recognized a need to incorporate laboratory tests in the NGL database alongside field tests and liquefaction observations. We therefore developed an organizational structure for laboratory tests, including direct simple shear, triaxial compression, and consolidation, and implemented the schema in the NGL database. We then uploaded data from tests performed by Tokyo Soil and UCLA. Furthermore, numerous other researchers have also uploaded laboratory test data for other sites. This report describes the organizational structure of the laboratory component of the database, and a tool for interacting with laboratory data.
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