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Journal articles on the topic 'Stress in old age'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 30 January 2023

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1

Benbow, Susan M., and David J. Jolley. "Burnout and stress amongst old age psychiatrists." International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 17, no. 8 (2002): 710–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gps.647.

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2

REUS, VICTOR I. "Society, Stress, and Disease, vol. 5: Old Age." American Journal of Psychiatry 148, no. 6 (June 1991): 804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/ajp.148.6.804.

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3

Zsoldos, Enikő, Abda Mahmood, and Klaus P. Ebmeier. "Occupational stress, bullying and resilience in old age." Maturitas 78, no. 2 (June 2014): 86–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2014.04.006.

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4

Edrey, Yael H., and Adam B. Salmon. "Revisiting an age-old question regarding oxidative stress." Free Radical Biology and Medicine 71 (June 2014): 368–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.03.038.

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5

David, Venice Mariya. "Effectiveness of Pranayam Techniques in Reduction of Stress among Old Age People at Selected Rural Community at Bhopal." Indian Journal of Holistic Nursing 10, no. 2&3 (January 23, 2020): 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2348.2133.201908.

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Introduction:Emergent old in a society that has been obsessed with youth may have a critical impact on the mental health of many people. Older people may face worsening health or dwindling finances or simply the challenges of retaining their independence. Unfortunately, the body’s natural defenses against stress gradually break down with age. Psychological stress has frequently been associated with a broad spectrum of negative health outcomes Although life after the retirement age is generally considered to be a peaceful period of life, many psychological challenges, such as loneliness, bereavement, caring for a family member and deterioration of own health, may occur, all of which can lead to increased levels of stress. Due to prolonged life expectancy, more and more adults are reaching very old age, increasing the possibility to face health-related stressors consequently leading to higher levels of perceived stress. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of pranayama in reduction of stress among old age people. Methodology: The researcher used.pre experimental research design with evaluative approach used, setting of the study was Apna Old Age Home, Bhopal and sample size comprises of 30 old age people residing in old age homes. Result: The present finding of the study indicate that in pretest majority 20 (66.67%) of old age people had high perceived stress, 7(23.33%) had moderate stress, and 3 (10.%) had low stress. In Post-test: Majority 25 (83.33%) of old age people had moderate stress and 2 (16.66%) had low stress and none of having high level of stress perceived after doing pranayama. Conclusion: pranayama is a very cheap and cost effective in reduction of various psychological problems without having any side effect.

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6

Liang, J. "Stress, Social Relations, and Old Age Mortality in Taiwan." Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 52, no. 10 (October 1999): 983–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0895-4356(99)00080-3.

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7

Tobin, Sheldon S. "Preservation of the Self in Old Age." Social Casework 69, no. 9 (November 1988): 550–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104438948806900903.

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The very old use unique psychological mechanisms to preserve the self. These mechanisms include reminiscence, whereby the past and present become interchangeable, and aggression and coping magically in response to stress. Fostering these mechanisms can be helpful to the very old.

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8

Krebs-Roubicek, E. "Sexuality and Homosexuality in Old Age." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (January 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)70435-3.

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The nature and frequency of sexual activity among the elderly are unknown. The elderly often view sexuality as an expression of passion, affection, admiration and loyalty; a renewall of romance. Sexual activity is a means for the elderly to affirm physical functioning, to maintain a strong sense of identity and to establish self-confidence.However, not all elderly persons have positive attitudes towards sexuality. Even healthy elderly persons may internalize the stereotypes towards aging. The elderly will be viewed as:•Asexual invalids;•Dirty old men;•Lecherous old women.Negative attitude about masturbation and homosexuality can interfere with sexual expression. Many elderly homosexual persons have not publicly revealed their sexual preference. They may experience additional stress due to a perceived need to hide their sexual orientation.

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9

Lavretsky, Helen. "Chapter 3 Resilience, Stress, and Mood Disorders in Old Age." Annual Review of Gerontology and Geriatrics 32, no. 1 (February 1, 2012): 49–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0198-8794.32.49.

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10

Stawski, Robert S., Martin J. Sliwinski, and Joshua M. Smyth. "Stress-related cognitive interference predicts cognitive function in old age." Psychology and Aging 21, no. 3 (September 2006): 535–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.21.3.535.

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11

Gotthardt, U., and I. Heuser. "HPA-AXIS RESPONSE TO STRESS IN DEPRESSION AND OLD AGE." Clinical Neuropharmacology 15 (1992): 217B. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002826-199202001-00419.

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12

No authorship indicated. "Review of Society, Stress, and Disease, Vol. 5: Old Age." Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews 34, no. 6 (June 1989): 610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/031216.

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13

Landau, Ruth, and Howard Litwin. "The effects of extreme early stress in very old age." Journal of Traumatic Stress 13, no. 3 (July 2000): 473–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1007737425260.

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14

Benbow, Susan M., and David J. Jolley. "Gender, isolation, work patterns and stress among old age psychiatrists." International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 14, no. 9 (September 1999): 726–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1166(199909)14:9<726::aid-gps1>3.0.co;2-v.

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15

Wieck, Cornelia, Martin Katzorreck, Denis Gerstorf, Oliver Schilling, Anna Jori Lücke, and Ute Kunzmann. "Empathic Accuracy: Helpful to Avoid Negative Affect in Old Age?" Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 627–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2142.

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Abstract Past work suggests age-related declines in empathic accuracy and that these declines may put older people at risk for heightened stress reactivity and low affective well-being. We addressed these questions using data from the fourth wave of the Interdisciplinary Longitudinal Study of Aging (ILSE). To assess empathic accuracy, the young-old (N=115, Mage=63.4, SDage=1.13) and old-old (N=31, Mage=82.3, SDage=.87) participants of ILSE watched six film clips of individuals, who thought-aloud about an emotional autobiographical event, and were asked to rate each individual’s emotions. Subsequently, participants watched a film about Alzheimer’s disease and their subjective and cardiovascular stress reactions were assessed. Empathic accuracy was lower in old-old, as compared with young-old, individuals. Furthermore, empathic accuracy was only associated with low levels of stress reactivity among young-old but not old-old individuals. This suggests that empathic accuracy is not only compromised in very old age, but also appears to be of lower adaptive utility.

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16

Mathur, Anil, George P. Moschis, and Euehun Lee. "Stress and consumer behavior." Journal of Marketing Practice: Applied Marketing Science 5, no. 6/7/8 (December 1, 1999): 233–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eum0000000004572.

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Social scientists, public policy makers, consumer researchers, and marketers have traditionally focused on age‐related differences to understand the behavior of older adults. This research focuses on the processes through which adults learn behavioral patterns and norms that characterize behavior in later life. The socialization framework is first presented as the process through which adults learn roles and norms for old age, and data from a national study are presented to test the hypotheses derived from this model. The results suggest that certain antecedents and processes are important in socializing adults to old age.

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17

Wilson, Robert S., Christopher T. Begeny, Patricia A. Boyle, Julie A. Schneider, and David A. Bennett. "Vulnerability to Stress, Anxiety, and Development of Dementia in Old Age." American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 19, no. 4 (April 2011): 327–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/jgp.0b013e31820119da.

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18

Ji, Li Li. "Exercise at Old Age: Does It Increase or Alleviate Oxidative Stress?" Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 928, no. 1 (January 25, 2006): 236–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb05653.x.

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19

Salt, Susan, Carolyn Watt, and Rosalind Matty. "Stress and burnout – a novel approach to an age old problem." BMJ Supportive & Palliative Care 2, Suppl 1 (March 2012): A80.1—A80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjspcare-2012-000196.233.

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20

Meisgen, Thomas, Ewald Roemer, Lynda L. Conroy, Jeroen Hostens, Marie Vasquez, Andreas Humeny, Michaela Moehring, Walter K. Schlage, and Michael Kasper. "Cigarette-Smoke- and Age-Dependent Oxidative Stress Effects in Rats." Beiträge zur Tabakforschung International/Contributions to Tobacco Research 26, no. 3 (September 1, 2014): 109–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cttr-2014-0014.

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SUMMARYOxidative stress is a basic mechanism involved in both ageand smoking-related diseases. To test whether smoking affects young, old, and calorie-restricted organisms to the same extent, we assessed oxidative stress parameters in the lung, heart, and liver of male Fischer 344 rats (4 months old and 19-22 months old) exposed to air or cigarette mainstream smoke. Smoke-related effects were seen for parameters of DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, and glycoxidation. No smoke-related effects were observed for DNA damage in the lung and heart (Comet assay) and for malondialdehyde in the lung. The old rats showed higher smoke-related responses than the young rats for 8-hydroxy-desoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in the heart and liver, DNA damage in the liver, and protein carbonyls in the lung; however, there was little evidence for an overadditive effect of smoking on aging. Caloric restriction, which is known to retard aging effects, also had little impact on smoke-related oxidative changes. [Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int. 26 (2014) 109-120]

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21

Grabowska, A., E. Kunicki, A. Kalisz, R. Wojciechowska, M. Leja, and A. Sękara. "Chilling stress applied to broccoli transplants of different age affects yield of the plants cultivated in summer." Horticultural Science 41, No. 2 (June 12, 2014): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/250/2013-hortsci.

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Broccoli is native to moderate climatic zone, and summer cultivation of this species in Central Europe conditions leads to a decrease of heads quality. The aim of present investigations was application of dark-chilling at 2°C for 1 and 2 weeks to transplants of various ages to enhance its tolerance against adverse conditions in the field and to modify the yield potential. Broccoli cv. Monaco F<sub>1</sub> can be recommendedfor summer production in Central Europe, because of high yield potential and lack of buttoning in high temperature conditions. Dark-chilling of 4-week-old transplants for two weeks significantly increased the yield, but also the percentage of stems with hollows as compared to control. Significant advancing of harvest together with prolongation of the harvest’s period can be achieved by the use of 6 and 8-week-old transplants chilled for 2 weeks. Dark-chilling of 10-week-old transplants resulted in forming of smallest heads with the highest percentage of hollow stems.  

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22

Odio, M. R., and A. Brodish. "Effects of age on metabolic responses to acute and chronic stress." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 254, no. 5 (May 1, 1988): E617—E624. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1988.254.5.e617.

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The effect of age on the capacity of an organism to mobilize glucose and free fatty acids during stress and to adapt these responses from an acute to a chronic stress situation is not known. The purpose of this study was to determine whether aging impaired the capacity to 1) raise glucose and free fatty acid levels and suppress insulin release in acute stress situations and 2) develop adaptation of these responses to exposure to chronic stress. Our results indicate that 6-mo-old rats (young) trained to escape electric shock (short-term modulation) showed greater acute stress-induced hyperglycemic, hypoinsulinemic, and lipolytic responses than untrained young rats. By contrast, in 22-mo-old rats (old), responses of trained and untrained animals were not different. In the chronic stress (long-term adaptation) experiments, it was found that 1) adaptation of stress-induced hyperglycemia occurred at a faster rate in young than in old animals; 2) in young but not in aged rats, a strong positive correlation was observed between adaptation of stress-induced hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia; and 3) in young rats, stress-induced lipolytic responses declined proportionately to the duration of chronic stress exposure, whereas by contrast in chronically stressed aged rats steady-state levels of free fatty acids were not raised during exposure to stress. Thus we conclude that 1) glucose intolerance may play a key role in the altered stress-induced metabolic responses of aged rats; 2) with age, there is a loss of plasticity in physiological adaptive response mechanisms associated with metabolic responses to stress.

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23

Kaur, Nirdeep, and Shailza Sharma. "A Pre Experimental Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Laughter Therapy on Level of Stress among Elderly Residents of Selected Old Age Home, Delhi." International Journal of Health Sciences and Research 11, no. 4 (April 19, 2021): 293–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20210434.

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Background: Mental health plays vital role in older age as at any other time of life. Many old age people find themselves more alone than ever before as longstanding friends and relatives die and family and friends relocate to different geographical areas. The most common emotional disorder in the elderly population is stress. Laughter therapy is very effective to reduce the stress level of elderly residents of old age home. The aim of study is to assess the effectiveness of stress among elderly residents of old age home. Material and method: A Pre experimental design was used to assess the effectiveness of laughter therapy on levels of stress among elderly residents of old age home, Delhi. A structured stress assessment tool was administered to assess the level of stress. Result: A pre-experimental study was conducted on 60 subjects of elderly population in selected old age home, Delhi. Pilot study was conducted on 10 subjects to ensure the reliability of the tool and feasibility of the study. The data was collected from month of February 2020 to March 2020.The finding of the study revealed that pre-test stress score, 1(1.7%) had no stress, 19(31.7%) had mild stress, 39(65.0%) had moderate stress and 1(1.7%) had severe stress and the post-test score was 6(10%) had no stress, 50 (83.3%) had mild stress, 4(6.7%) moderate stress and none had severe stress. The mean stress pre-test score was (51.7) and post-test stress score was (34.4). It was found significant association (p-<0.05) on reduction of stress from moderate to mild stress. Hence, laughter therapy was effective in reduction of stress among elderly residents. The association between stress and selected demographic variables (age, sex, marital status, educational status, financial support, social- support, religion, per- capita monthly income and frequency of visit by family members) was determined by using paired “t”-test and chi-square to establish statistical significance. There was no association between the pre interventional levels of stress. Conclusion: The study highlights that Laughter therapy was effective in reducing the stress levels among elderly residents of Pita Ji old age home, DhashrathPuri, Delhi. Key words: Assess, effectiveness, Laughter therapy, Stress, Elderly, Old age home.

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24

Björkqvist, Kaj, Susanna åman-Back, Jenny Taxell, and Terese Broman. "Correlation between Maternal Stress and Children's Stress." Psychological Reports 102, no. 1 (February 2008): 166–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.102.1.166-168.

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Mothers ( N=168, M age = 37.0 yr., SD = 4.6) responded to a questionnaire of scales measuring sources of stress and symptoms of stress within themselves, and symptoms of stress in their 5–8-yr.-old children (61 girls, 98 boys; M age = 7.3 yr., SD=1.0). Scores on all scales intercorrelated significantly, indicating a relationship between maternal stress and stress of the child. Both types of stress also correlated with the frequency of punishment of the child. Both maternal stress and frequency of punishment predicted stress symptoms in the children, maternal stress being a somewhat stronger predictor.

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25

Pudrovska, Tetyana. "Parenthood, Stress, and Mental Health in Late Midlife and Early Old Age." International Journal of Aging and Human Development 68, no. 2 (March 2009): 127–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/ag.68.2.b.

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26

Kashyap, S. N. "Assessment of Postural Stress among Inmates of Old Age Home in India." Anthropologist 13, no. 1 (February 2011): 43–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09720073.2011.11891176.

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27

Verkhratsky, N. S., E. V. Moroz, L. V. Magdich, S. O. Didenko, and L. I. Kharazi. "Steroid-Hormone-Secretion-Regulating System under Effect of Stress in Old Age." Gerontology 34, no. 1-2 (1988): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000212929.

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28

Saini, Deepti, and Pooja Godiyal. "IMPACT OF PRANAYAMA ON DEPRESSION AMONG OLD AGED PEOPLE RESIDING AT OLD AGE HOME." International Journal of Advanced Research 10, no. 12 (December 31, 2022): 205–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/15828.

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Background:Life is precious gift send by the universe, but many of us live with lots of stress and tension as a result we suffer with depressive symptoms. Old age is one of the vulnerable age group that suffer from depression. Pranayama is one of the effective therapy that can be used in old age to reduce depression. Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of pranayama on depression among old people residing in old age home at selected area of Dist. Dehradun. Materials and method: Quasi-experimental approach with time series design was used in the study. Purposive sampling technique was used to collect data from 40 old age people with age group 60 or above from Snehasadan old age home. Result:A significant reduction in Depression with mean difference of (MD)1.075 was found significant (p= 0.001). Calculated f value is 9.63 which is greater than tabulated value 3.05 which was found significant (p=0.001). Conclusion: This study concluded that pranayama is effective in reducing depression.

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29

Di Napoli, Mario, and Imtiaz M. Shah. "Neuroinflammation and Cerebrovascular Disease in Old Age: A Translational Medicine Perspective." Journal of Aging Research 2011 (2011): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/857484.

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The incidence of cerebrovascular disease is highest in the elderly population. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms of brain response to cerebral ischemia in old age are currently poorly understood. Ischemic changes in the commonly used young animal stroke models do not reflect the molecular changes associated with the aged brain. Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress are important pathogenic processes occurring during the acute phase of cerebral ischemia. Free radical generation is also implicated in the aging process, and the combination of these effects in elderly stroke patients could explain the higher risk of morbidity and mortality. A better understanding of stroke pathophysiology in the elderly patient would assist in the development of new therapeutic strategies for this vulnerable age group. With the increasing use of reperfusion therapies, inflammatory pathways and oxidative stress remain attractive therapeutic targets for the development of adjuvant neuroprotective agents. This paper will discuss these molecular aspects of acute stroke and senescence from a bench-to-bedside research perspective.

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30

Mudruk, Semen S., Alesya A. Bakhta, Larisa Y. Karpenko, Anna I. Kozitcyna, Anna B. Balykina, and Polina A. Polistovskaia. "PSXI-25 Antioxidant system characteristics in Saanen goats depending on age." Journal of Animal Science 99, Supplement_3 (October 8, 2021): 486–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab235.857.

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Abstract Goat husbandry is a relevant and significant research topic. The goat age is possible to reach 15–18 years and it is important to study not only performance processes, but also to evaluate age-related changes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate antioxidant system characteristics in Saanen goats depending on age. The experiment was conducted in the north-western region of Russian Federation, the Leningrad Region. The five experimental groups included 30 Saanen goats each, selected using matched pairs method. 1st group included 1 year old goats, 2nd group included 2-year-old goats, 3rd group included 3-year-old goats, 4th group included 4-year-old goats and 5th group included 5-year-old animals. The blood samples were taken once –during the summer season. The blood levels of lipid peroxygenation markers (malondialdehyde, dienketone and conjugated dienes) and superoxide dismutase and catalase activity were assessed by standard methods. Results presented as mean±standard error of the mean. Student’s t-test was used after proving normal distribution. Level of significance is labeled as P < 0.05. The results are displayed in table 1 and 2. After analyzing the received data of antioxidant system characteristics there were revealed high intensity of free-radical oxidation in aged 4–5-year-old goats. This is explained by oxidative stress development. Noticeably that anti-oxidizing enzymes activity was reduced by the age of 5 years – the possible reason for lacking compensation of developed oxidative stress. By the age of 4 activity of anti-oxidizing enzymes was elevated marking the compensation stage of oxidative stress, this elevation is statistically significant. Consequently, these data allow taking into consideration exogenous anti-oxidizing agents administration in 5 years and older goats in order to reduce oxidative stress.

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31

Lim, Ji Hee, Eun Nim Kim, Min Young Kim, Sungjin Chung, Seok Joon Shin, Hyung Wook Kim, Chul Woo Yang, et al. "Age-Associated Molecular Changes in the Kidney in Aged Mice." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2012 (2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/171383.

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Background. Aging is a multifactorial process characterized by a progressive decline in physiological function. Decreased kidney function is associated with cardiovascular disease and mortality. Therefore, increasing our insight into kidney aging by understanding the anatomic, physiologic, and pathologic changes of aging in the kidney is important to prevent disastrous outcomes in elderly people.Methods. Male two-, 12-, and 24-month-old C57/BL6 mice were used in this study. We measured histological change, oxidative stress, and aging-related protein expression in the kidneys.Results. Twenty-four-month-old mice displayed increased albuminuria. Creatinine clearance decreased with aging, although this was not statistically significant. There were increases in mesangial volume and tubulointerstitial fibrosis in 24-month-old mice. There were also increases in F4/80 expression and in apoptosis detected by TUNEL assay. Urine isoprostane excretion increased with aging and SOD1 and SOD2 were decreased in 24-month-old mice. Oxidative stress may be mediated by a decrease in Sirt1, PGC-1α, ERR-1α, and PPARαexpression. Klotho expression also decreased.Conclusions. Our results demonstrate that Sirt1 was decreased with aging and may relate to changed target molecules including PGC-1α/ERR-1αsignaling and PPARα. Klotho can also induce oxidative stress. Pharmacologically targeting these signaling molecules may reduce the pathologic changes of aging in the kidney.

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Meschaninov, V. N., and D. L. Scherbakov. "Influence of neurotransmitters on lipid peroxidation during immobilization stress exposure in rats of different ages." Kazan medical journal 96, no. 5 (October 15, 2015): 843–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17750/kmj2015-843.

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Aim. To identify age-specific changes of «peroxidation and antioxidant activity» system in rats during immobilization stress exposure and after correction with neurotransmitters. Methods. The study was conducted on 410 male Wistar rats of mature and old age. Rats was immobilized in plastic canisters for 12 hours. Neurotransmitters - acetylcholine chloride, epinephrine (adrenaline hydrochloride), L-tryptophan, nicotinic acid solutions - were injected subcutaneously. After decapitation lipid peroxidation, antioxidant activity, routine biochemical and hematological parameters were studied in sacrified rats using standardized methods. Results. Immobilization stress induced phase changes of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant activity in the blood of rats, which corresponds to the stages of stress reaction. Increasing age leads to earlier activation of lipid peroxidation which was observed in old rats. Weakening of the parasympathetic nervous system influence and enhantion of the sympathetic nervous system action was observed with age in the blood of rats, which can lead to age-related changes in the intensity of lipid peroxidation when exposed to stress. In mature and old rats exposed to stress L-tryptophan and nicotinic acid induced antioxidant, in old rats - hypolipidemic geroprophylactic effect. Conclusion. Immobilization stress exposure causes adverse hyperlipidemic changes in peripheral blood of old age rats. However under the impact of L-tryptophan and nicotinic acid combination normalization of lipid and lipoprotein content of blood occurs showing geroprophylactic hypolipidemic qualities of non-antioxidant genesis.

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33

Brockmann, Austin, Carolyn Aldwin, and Avron Spiro. "Does HbA1c Influence the Relationship between Stress and Cognition? Findings from the VA Normative Aging Study." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 699. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.2621.

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Abstract Type 2 diabetes has increased in prevalence globally, with potential adverse effects on cognition. Both high levels of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and stressful life events (SLEs) are associated with impaired cognitive performance, but few studies have examined their synergistic effects. The present study examined direct effects of stress and HbA1c on several cognitive outcomes, and whether HbA1c moderated the relationship between SLEs and cognition. Utilizing a sample of 527 older men from the VA Normative Aging Study (Mage = 74.3, SD = 6.5), stress was inversely related to MMSE, verbal fluency, and pattern recognition; HbA1c was only inversely associated with MMSE. The moderation model was supported only for pattern recognition (β = 1.64, p < .05), with stress having worse effects in those high in HbA1c. Stratifying analyses by age group (<75, 75+) showed that stress predicted cognition only in the young-old, while HbA1c was inversely related to cognition only in old-old participants. Further, these age-group analyses yielded different effects of demographics on cognition. In the young-old, age was consistently inversely related to all cognitive outcomes, but in the old-old only with MMSE and word list recall. Among the young-old, education was associated with only word list recall but improved performance for most scales among the old-old. Finally, HbA1c intensified the effect of stress moderation on verbal fluency only in old-old (β = 2.78, p < .05). In summary, stress was more important for cognition in the young-old, while education and health status were more important in the old-old.

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34

Dr. D. V. Thakker, Dr D. V. Thakker, Dr Gita Singal, and Suman Deviputra. "A Comparative Study of Coping Strategies of Stress by Senior Citizens Residing At Old Age Homes and Living with Family Members." International Journal of Scientific Research 2, no. 4 (June 1, 2012): 282–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/apr2013/100.

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35

Angelier, Frédéric, Olivier Chastel, Adam Z. Lendvai, Charline Parenteau, Henri Weimerskirch, and John C. Wingfield. "When do older birds better resist stress? A study of the corticosterone stress response in snow petrels." Biology Letters 16, no. 1 (January 2020): 20190733. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2019.0733.

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Life-history theory predicts that, to optimize their fitness, individuals should increase their reproductive effort as their residual reproductive value decreases. Accordingly, several studies have shown that individuals downregulate their glucocorticoid stress response (a proxy of reproductive investment in vertebrates) as they age, and as the subsequent reproductive value decreases. However, and surprisingly, results appear inconsistent, suggesting that the environmental context or the individual state may affect the relationship between age and reproductive effort. Here, we tested for the first time this hypothesis, and more specifically, whether this attenuation of the corticosterone stress response with advancing age depends on the energetic status of individuals. We compared the influence of age on the corticosterone stress response between fasting and non-fasting breeding snow petrels ( Pagodroma nivea ), an extremely long-lived bird. As expected, we found that the corticosterone stress response was attenuated in old petrels, but only when they were not fasting. Interestingly, this pattern was not apparent in fasting petrels, suggesting that old birds downregulate their corticosterone stress response and increase their parental investment only when they are in good body condition. At the ultimate level, old individuals may maintain a strong corticosterone stress response when fasting because the survival costs of increased stress resistance and parental effort might then outweigh their reproductive benefits.

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van der Hal-Van Raalte, Elisheva A. M., Marian J. Bakermans–Kranenburg, and Marinus H. van IJzendoorn. "Diurnal cortisol patterns and stress reactivity in child Holocaust survivors reaching old age." Aging & Mental Health 12, no. 5 (September 2008): 630–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13607860802343134.

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Stawski, R. S., and S. W. MacDonald. "PSYCHOSOCIAL STRESS AND RESPONSE TIME INCONSISTENCY IN OLD AGE: A MEASUREMENT BURST APPROACH." Innovation in Aging 1, suppl_1 (June 30, 2017): 1065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igx004.3899.

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Zhang, Llngxiao. "THE EFFECT OF LEAF WATER STRESS AND AGE ON PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN STRAWBERRY PLANTS." HortScience 27, no. 6 (June 1992): 655c—655. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.6.655c.

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The effect of water stress on photosynthesis was investigated in strawberry plants to see responses of different aged-leaves within the same plant. Preliminary results indicated that, under severe stress (SS) conditions, young leaves had lower water potentials and higher photosynthetic CO2 assimilation rates than old leaves had, due to higher stomatal conductance in young leaves. This situation was not found in moderately stressed or well–watered plants, probably because of the higher non-stomatal limitation in old leaves under SS condition. Under SS condition, old leaves had a higher intracellular CO2 concentration. Osmotic adjustment or acclimation might occur during slow drying process, so that the young leaves could adjust their stomata and still remain open under low water potentials.

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Levy, Débora, Cadiele Oliana Reichert, and Sérgio Paulo Bydlowski. "Paraoxonases Activities and Polymorphisms in Elderly and Old-Age Diseases: An Overview." Antioxidants 8, no. 5 (May 2, 2019): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox8050118.

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Aging is defined as the accumulation of progressive organ dysfunction. There is much evidence linking the involvement of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of aging. With increasing age, susceptibility to the development of diseases related to lipid peroxidation and tissue injury increases, due to chronic inflammatory processes, and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free radicals. The paraoxonase (PON) gene family is composed of three members (PON1, PON2, PON3) that share considerable structural homology and are located adjacently on chromosome 7 in humans. The most studied member product is PON1, a protein associated with high-density lipoprotein with paraoxonase/esterase activity. Nevertheless, all the three proteins prevent oxidative stress. The major aim of this review is to highlight the importance of the role of PON enzymes in the aging process, and in the development of the main diseases present in the elderly: cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer.

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Warnes, Anthony M. "Being Old, Old People and the Burdens of Burden." Ageing and Society 13, no. 3 (September 1993): 297–338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x00001069.

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ABSTRACTBurdenis today often applied to elderly people in two senses, for the fiscal load of income support and health and social care costs, and for notions and scales of care-giving effort and stress. It does not however convey straightforward meanings for its understanding is affected by two millenia of metaphorical and rhetorical usage. The use of burden tends to simplify relationships, whether between age-groups of a population or between a carer and an elderly person, and it communicates senses of a nuisance and an excessive charge. Portentous implications are invoked from biblical senses and derogatory overtones are strengthened by association, earlier this century, with racial stereotyping. An etymological survey reveals many sources of the word's versatility and rhetorical power. Important extensions of usage towards the two contemporary gerontological applications are then studied. A bibliometric examination of the surge in the word's social science use since the early 1980s is undertaken, and the paper concludes with a discussion of current usage as evidence of current attitudes towards, and constructions of, old age on the part of politicians and policy analysts.

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Edwards, Michael G., Deepayan Sarkar, Roger Klopp, Jason D. Morrow, Richard Weindruch, and Tomas A. Prolla. "Age-related impairment of the transcriptional responses to oxidative stress in the mouse heart." Physiological Genomics 13, no. 2 (April 16, 2003): 119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiolgenomics.00172.2002.

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To investigate the transcriptional response to oxidative stress in the heart and how it changes with age, we examined the cardiac gene expression profiles of young (5-mo-old), middle-aged (15-mo-old), and old (25-mo-old) C57BL/6 mice treated with a single intraperitoneal injection of paraquat (50 mg/kg). Mice were killed at 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 h after paraquat treatment, and the gene expression profile was obtained with high-density oligonucleotide microarrays. Of 9,977 genes represented on the microarray, 249 transcripts in the young mice, 298 transcripts in the middle-aged mice, and 256 transcripts in the old mice displayed a significant change in mRNA levels (ANOVA, P < 0.01). Among these, a total of 55 transcripts were determined to be paraquat responsive for all age groups. Genes commonly induced in all age groups include those associated with stress, inflammatory, immune, and growth factor responses. Interestingly, only young mice displayed a significant increase in expression of all three isoforms of GADD45, a DNA damage-responsive gene. Additionally, the number of immediate early response genes (IEGs) found to be induced by paraquat was considerably higher in the younger animals. These results demonstrate that, at the transcriptional level, there is an age-related impairment of specific inducible pathways in the response to oxidative stress in the mouse heart.

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Katzorreck, Martin, Denis Gerstorf, Anna Lücke, Hans-Werner Wahl, Oliver Schilling, and Ute Kunzmann. "Linking Emotion Regulation Capacity and the Frequency of Daily Stressors in Old and Very Old Age." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.1279.

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Abstract Lifespan theories and lab-based research both suggest that the ability to downregulate negative emotions is often well preserved into old age, but becomes increasingly fragile in very old age. However, little is known about factors that may alleviate such age differences. Here, we ask whether exposure to daily stressors helps very old adults to maintain effective emotion regulation skills. We used data from 130 young-old (65-69 years, 48% women) and 59 very-old adults (83-89 years, 58% women) who watched negative emotion evoking film clips in the lab under emotion regulation instructions and also reported stress situations they experienced in everyday life (42 occasions across seven days). Initial results indicate that very-old adults were indeed less successful in regulating sadness than young-old adults, but those very-old adults who reported many daily stressful situations were as capable of emotion regulation as young-old adults. We discuss possible factors contributing to our age-differential findings.

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Ferrer, J. V., E. Gascó, J. Sastre, F. V. Pallardó, M. Asensi, and J. Viña. "Age-related changes in glutathione synthesis in the eye lens." Biochemical Journal 269, no. 2 (July 15, 1990): 531–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2690531.

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Eye lenses from young rats or mice synthesize GSH from methionine or N-acetylcysteine. However, lenses from old animals do not synthesize GSH from methionine. This is due to the absence of cystathionase activity in old lenses. GSH monoethyl ester, but not free GSH, increases GSH content and protects the lens against experimental oxidative stress. The importance of these results in the prevention of cataractogenesis is discussed.

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Elliott, Kyle H., Kathleen M. O'Reilly, Scott A. Hatch, Anthony J. Gaston, James F. Hare, and W. Gary Anderson. "The prudent parent meets old age: A high stress response in very old seabirds supports the terminal restraint hypothesis." Hormones and Behavior 66, no. 5 (November 2014): 828–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2014.11.001.

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Bouzid, Mohamed, Edith Filaire, Régis Matran, Sophie Robin, and Claudine Fabre. "Lifelong Voluntary Exercise Modulates Age-Related Changes in Oxidative Stress." International Journal of Sports Medicine 39, no. 01 (November 23, 2017): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-119882.

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AbstractThe hypothesis that aging and regular physical activity could influence oxidative stress has been studied by comparing antioxidant activities (superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR), ascorbic acid and α-Tocopherol) and malondialdehyde level (MDA) in four groups: young sedentary (n=15; age: 20.3±2.8 years; YS), young active (n=16; age: 21.4±1.9 years; YA), old sedentary (n=15; age: 65.1±3.5 years; OS) and old active (n=17; age: 67.2±4.8 years; OA). Antioxidant activities and MDA level were assessed at rest and after an incremental exercise. There was no difference in resting antioxidant activities and lipid peroxidation between YS and OS. However, resting SOD and GR activities were higher in YA compared to OA (p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively) and resting MDA level was higher in OA compared to YA (p<0.01). After exercise, a significant increase in SOD and GPX activities was observed in YS, YA and OA (p<0.01). Likewise, after exercise a significant increase of MDA level in YA, OS and OA (p<0.01) was observed. In addition, the comparison of YA to OA and YS to OA revealed similar antioxidant activities and lipid peroxidation between YS and OA, whereas antioxidant activities were higher in YA compared to OA. These data suggest that beneficial effects of regular physical activity in antioxidant defense and lipid peroxidation damage could be impaired by the aging process and that regular physical activity in older adults could maintain age-related decreases in antioxidant defense.

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Mali, Prajita, Eak Narayan Poudel, Sushmita Mali, Lisasha Poudel, and Santosh Prakash Joshi. "Depression and its associated factors among elderly people of old age homes and community of Kathmandu district, Nepal: a comparative study." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 8, no. 4 (March 25, 2021): 1571. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20211205.

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Background: Depression is a common public health problem among elders worldwide and is associated with high morbidity and disability. This study aims to assess depression and its associated factors among elderly in old-age homes and a community of Kathmandu district.Method: A comparative cross-sectional study recruited 122 elderly from old-age homes and a community of Kathmandu district. Depression was measured using the Geriatric Depression Scale-short scale (GDS-15). Socio-demographic and medical history was collected using semi-structured questionnaire. We utilized bivariate logistic regression to assess the association of depression with each variable. Results: The prevalence of depression among elderly in old-age homes was 74.6% and in community was 41.8%. The study found that elderly residing at old age homes were four (OR=4.087; 95% CI=2.373-7.038) times more likely to have depression than those residing in the community. Age was found to be associated with depression among the respondent of both settings. In old-age homes, not receiving old-age allowance, bad perception of life, bad social relation, having a chronic disease, lack of care from family, stress and weeping as stress coping strategy were associated with depression. In the community, stress, non-involvement in family decision making, feeling of neglect, dysfunctional capability, bad social relation, lesser monthly income had positive relation with depression.Conclusion: Depression is highly prevalent among Nepalese elderly, with higher burden in those living in old-age homes. This emphasizes the need for screening of depression among elderly, to initiate early intervention measures.

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Lenin, Raji, Peter G. Nagy, Jordy Gentry, and Rajashekhar Gangaraju. "Featured Article: Deterioration of visual function mediated by senescence-associated endoplasmic reticulum stress in inflammatory tie2-TNF mice." Experimental Biology and Medicine 243, no. 12 (August 2018): 976–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1535370218794915.

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Stress-associated premature senescence plays a major role in retinal diseases. In this study, we investigated the relationship between endothelial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and cellular senescence in the development of retinal dysfunction. We tested the hypothesis that constant endothelial activation by transmembrane tumor necrosis factor-α (tmTNF-α) exacerbates age-induced visual deficits via senescence-mediated ER stress in this model. To address this, we employed a mouse model of chronic vascular activation using endothelial-specific TNF-α-expressing (tie2-TNF) mice at 5 and 10 months of age. Visual deficits were exhibited by tie2-TNF mice at both 5 months and 10 months of age, with the older mice showing statistically significant loss of visual acuity compared with tie2-TNF mice at age 5 months. The neural defects, as measured by electroretinogram (ERG), also followed a similar trend in an age-dependent fashion, with 10-month-old tie2-TNF mice showing the greatest decrease in “b” wave amplitude at 25 cd.s.m2 compared with age-matched wildtype (WT) mice and five-month-old tie2-TNF mice. While gene and protein expression from the whole retinal extracts demonstrated increased inflammatory (Icam1, Ccl2), stress-associated premature senescence (p16, p21, p53), and ER stress (Grp78, p-Ire1α, Chop) markers in five-month-old tie2-TNF mice compared with five-month-old WT mice, a further increase was seen in 10-month-old tie2-TNF mice. Our data demonstrate that tie2-TNF mice exhibit age-associated increases in visual deficits, and these data suggest that inflammatory endothelial activation is at least partly at play. Given the correlation of increased premature senescence and ER stress in an age-dependent fashion, with the loss of visual functions and increased endothelial activation, our data suggest a possible self-enhanced loop of unfolded protein response pathways and senescence in propagating neurovascular defects in this model. Impact statement Vision loss in most retinal diseases affects the quality of life of working age adults. Using a novel animal model that displays constant endothelial activation by tmTNF-α, our results demonstrate exacerbated age-induced visual deficits via premature senescence-mediated ER stress. We have compared mice of 5 and 10 months of age, with highly relevant human equivalencies of approximately 35- and 50-year-old patients, representing mature adult and middle-aged subjects, respectively. Our studies suggest a possible role for a self-enhanced loop of ER stress pathways and senescence in the propagation of retinal neurovascular defects, under conditions of constant endothelial activation induced by tmTNF-α signaling.

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Di Salvo, Eleonora Di, Marco Casciaro, Concetto Mario Giorgianni, Nicola Cicero, and Sebastiano Gangemi. "Age-Related Diseases and Foods Generating Chlorinative Stress." Antioxidants 12, no. 2 (January 22, 2023): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox12020249.

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Background: Aging is a slow and inexorable process affecting all life beings and is characterised by age-related worsening in adaptation to external changes. Several factors contribute to such a process, and oxidative stress due to external damages is one key player. Of particular interest is the oxidative stress generated from halogen compounds such as chloride. Hypochlorus acid is produced starting from MPO’s interaction with hydrogen peroxide. We focused on the oxidation of tyrosine residues by HOCl, which leads as a result to the formation of 3-chlorotyrosine (3-ClTyr). This molecule, due to its stability, is considered a marker for MPO activity. Results: We collected data from literature research articles evaluating chlorinative stress and the effects of 3-ClTyr on chronic diseases linked to aging. As diseases are not the only source of 3-ClTyr in people, we also focused on other origins of chlorinative stress, such as food intake. Discussion: Oxidation and halogenation are caused by infectious diseases and by pathologies characterised by inflammation. Moreover, diet could negatively or positively influence chlorinative stress. Comparing 3-ClTyr levels in the oldest and youngest old with age-related diseases and comparing data between different geographic areas with different pesticide rules could be the next challenge.

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Harris, Norman R., and Kimberly W. Langlois. "Age-dependent responses of the mesenteric vasculature to ischemia-reperfusion." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 274, no. 5 (May 1, 1998): H1509—H1515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1998.274.5.h1509.

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The age-dependent responses of the mesenteric vasculature to ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) were compared in 2-mo-old and 2-yr-old rats. Measurements were made of leukocyte adherence, albumin leakage, and oxidative stress in postcapillary venules. In young rats I/R induced an increase in leukocyte adherence and albumin leakage, but in aged rats I/R induced an increase in albumin leakage without an increase in leukocyte adherence. Furthermore, I/R-induced oxidative stress was higher in the aged rats than in the young rats. To investigate whether the age-associated oxidative stress is related to a decrease in the role of nitric oxide, NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) was superfused onto the mesentery of young and aged rats.l-NAME induced an increase in postcapillary protein leakage only in young rats; however, arteriolar constriction induced byl-NAME occurred in both age groups. These results suggest that different mechanisms contribute to the inflammatory responses and microvascular dysfunction elicited by I/R in young and aged rats.

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Kumar, Dileep, and Syed Ibrahim Rizvi. "Markers of Oxidative Stress in Senescent Erythrocytes Obtained from Young and Old Age Rats." Rejuvenation Research 17, no. 5 (October 2014): 446–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/rej.2014.1573.

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