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1
Zahra Ali, Syeda, Tahira Mubashar, Soulat Khan, and Tanvir Akhtar. "Psychosocial Aspects of Adaptation of International Students in Pakistan." Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research 36, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 135–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.33824/pjpr.2021.36.1.09.
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This study examined the psychosocial aspects (acculturation stress, ethnic discrimination, nostalgia, and sentimentality) of socio cultural and psychological adaptation of international students in Pakistan. Sample of 143 international students was taken from different government and private universities of Pakistan. Measures of Acculturative Stress Scale for International Students (Sandhu & Asarbadi, 1994), Brief Perceived Ethnic Discrimination Questionnaire-Community Version (Brondolo et al., 2005), Index of Nostalgia Proneness (Holak, Havlena, & Matveev, 2006), Emotionality Subscale of the HEXACO Personality Inventory (Lee & Ashton, 2009), Brief Psychological Adaptation Scale (Demes & Geeraert, 2014), and Brief Socio-Cultural Adaptation Scale (Demes & Geeraert, 2014) were used. Results showed that ethnic discrimination, acculturation stress, nostalgia, and sentimentality were negatively correlated with psychological and socio-cultural adaptation. Sentimentality moderated the relationship of ethnic discrimination with socio-cultural and psychological adaptation. Moreover, sentimentality also moderated the relationship between nostalgia and psychological adaptation.
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Szołtek, Agnieszka. "Cognitive and Utilitarian Aspects of Psychological Support for Police Officers." Internal Security 9, no. 2 (July 9, 2018): 239–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.1716.
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Psychological support for police officers and civilian police staff is among key factors capable of preventing negative effects of work-related stress. The need for such support is especially significant in crisis situations, when psychological assistance is provided to police officers and civilian police staff. Comprehensive psychological support is offered by police psychologists, who are responsible for psychological care and psychoeducation, psychology of human resources management and applied police psychology. This paper presents statistical figures as regards forms of psychological assistance provided by psychologists in 2016. As the most common of psychological specialisations, psychological care involves providing psychological assistance or emotional first aid to police officers and civilian police staff; doing psychotherapy; offering psychoeducation to a police officer or a civilian employee; preparing a psychological analysis of suicide or a suicide attempt by a police officer or civilian police worker. In 2016 police psychologists specialising in psychological care and psychoeducation targeted for assistance almost 2,000 police officers and civilian police staff and provided nearly 3,500 pieces of psychological advice. In addition, the psychologists’ work consisted in offering psychotherapy to individuals and support groups. The vast majority of therapeutic activities were targeted at police officers and civilian police staff in crisis situations. An important aspect of psychological support is broadly understood psychoeducation, which makes it possible to cope with mental stress. Police officers cannot avoid work-related stress or traumatic experiences when performing their official duties, but they can and should take advantage of police psychologists’ professional assistance. Statistical data quoted in the report summarising police psychologists’ activity in 2016 clearly shows that their work is necessary.
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Niewiedział, Dorota, Magdalena Kolańska, Zbigniew Dąbrowiecki, Mateusz Jerzemowski, Piotr Siermontowski, Zdzisław Kobos, and Romuald Olszański. "Psychological Aspects of Diving in Selected Theoretical and Research Perspectives." Polish Hyperbaric Research 62, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/phr-2018-0003.
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Abstract The aim of the article is to conduct a literature review in relation to the psychological aspects of diving. The acquired knowledge can currently be qualified as belonging to various branches of applied psychology, as well as underwater medicine, sports medicine, psychiatry and psychotherapy. The literature on this subject matter raises two main issues of the psychological perspective: the degree of psychological adaptation of an individual to the underwater environment, and the psychophysical condition of a man involved in a specific type of diving and the resulting skills/competences to perform underwater tasks. The article presents selected reports from around the world related to diving psychology resulting from the applied structure/classification of psychological theories, explaining various mechanisms of psychological functioning underwater. The paper presents studies from the perspective of psychodynamics, psychology of health/stress, psychology of individual differences and personality. The main conclusions indicate that in addition to the main problem of an optimal/lack of adaptation of humans to the underwater environment, there is insufficient psychological knowledge (including Polish reports) in the area of personality differences between various types of divers, their social functioning, mental health and psychoeducation with regard to underwater exposures.
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Vymetal, S., and M. Kvasnickova. "(P1-98) Psychological Aspects of the Disaster Victim Identification (DVI)." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 26, S1 (May 2011): s130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x11004304.
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The process of identification of disaster and mass casualties' victims (Disaster Victim Identification - DVI) impose requirements on the interdisciplinary cooperation of experts in many professions. When working with survivors and witnesses, it is necessary to maintain general ethical principles and follow the guidelines of optimal crisis communication with the affected people. The important thing is not to cause further secondary trauma. It is therefore necessary to understand the normal reactions of the human psyche in extreme stress and psychosocial needs of the people in stressful situations. Also members of DVI teams deserve adequate psychosocial support during and after the completion of difficult tasks. It is likely that these workers are psychologically resistant to extreme stress comparing to the general population but they are also increasingly exposed. To maintain work performance and life satisfaction is the possibility to use a specific psychological support very important. Keywords: acute stress reaction (ASR), DVI teams, disaster victim identification, crisis communication, survivors, crisis and disaster psychology, psychosocial crisis management, psychosocial care, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
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Mehdiyev, E. "Psychological and psychiatric aspects of rehabilitation participants in the karabakh war." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 1592. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73296-5.
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Most often in combat environment adaptive and disadaptive registers of prepathologic level as well as prenosologic registers of pathologic level of psychic disorders are observed in servicemen. Acute psychologic and pathologic reactions of prenosologic level are predominant, with a considerable decrease of reactive psychoses, especially of their persisting forms.Principal peculiarity of the system of psychological correction and medicopsychological rehabilitation of combatants with combat stress reactions is, alongside with the detection and treatment of psychic disorders, its orientation to the restoration of their combat ability, if they are to participate in combat actions, and the restoration of their working ability, if they are to resume peaceful life. The author worked out approaches to the creation of a system of medicopsychologic and psychocorrective rehabilitation measures for this group’ of persons and suggested a number of original psychotherapeutic methods.The realization of psychocorrective and medicopsychologic rehabilitation measures oversteps the competence limits of psychiatrists alone and can be effective if their efforts are combined with the activity of specialists in psychophysiology, social and medical psychology, narcology and some other fields.
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Lalević, Nina. "Stress at work: A special phenomenon or a type of general stress? - Milanko Čabarkapa: Professional stress: Psychology of stress at work, Institute for Textbooks, Belgrade, 2017." Socioloski pregled 55, no. 1 (2021): 208–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/socpreg55-31198.
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Occupational stress is drawing the attention of an increasing number of authors who deal with psychology of work and organization. Unlike old, "industrial" definitions of stress at work, modern ones put the emphasis on the psychological aspects of work which have adverse effects on the employee's mood, motivation and general health condition. Therefore, more attention is dedicated to the approach of superiors, interpersonal relations and balance between private and business life, as well as traditional effects of monotony, work conditions and opportunities for advancement. The author establishes an expertise base about stress by presenting and analyzing the results of numerous scientifically relevant studies on the topic of stress at work, thus familiarizing students, researchers and practitioners with the most important postulates, observations and implications for treating consequences of stress. Moreover, stress as one of the most current issues of modern era is increasingly positioning itself in the centre of the work context through problematic interpersonal relations, conflict or confusing work roles and insufficient or inadequate reward. The author finishes his book/textbook with the chapter about stress measurement methods and techniques, which will be crucial in proving the presence and toxic effects of stress, and in treating stress-related occupational diseases in the future.
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Clare, Anthony W., and Janette Tyrrell. "Psychiatric aspects of abortion." Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 11, no. 2 (June 1994): 92–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0790966700012428.
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AbstractObjective: To examine the evidence concerning the psychological consequences of abortion, the risk of suicide in pregnancy and the psychological consequences for the mother and the child in cases of refused abortion. Method: An extensive literature search was undertaken and key relevant papers were examined and analysed. Results: Legal abortion has become more widely available throughout the western world and the actual reported incidence of cases of refused abortion is low. The majority of studies indicate that the psychological consequences of abortion itself are in the main mild and transient but there is evidence that women who have strong religious or cultural attitudes negative to abortion do experience high levels of psychological stress following abortion. The risk of suicide is low in pregnancy and suicide is a rare outcome of refused abortion. There is evidence of psychological and social difficulties experienced by mothers of unwanted pregnancies forced to proceed to term and by many offspring of such unwanted pregnancies. Conclusions: Definitive conclusions are difficult to draw from the published studies of refused abortion and many studies are over thirty years old.
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Morozov, A. V., S. P. Zhdanov, L. I. Krasavchikova, A. O. Biankina, and V. S. Kalinovskaya. "The Psychology of Advocacy Work." Psychology and Law 9, no. 2 (2019): 84–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/psylaw.2019090206.
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Advocacy work is one of the most complicated activity rom the standpoint of psychology of legal profession distinguished by a variety of professional tasks and their considerable intellectual and emotional intensity. The article is devoted to the research of psychological characteristics of the advocacy work with an emphasis on the practicing lawyers as well as on overcoming crisis psycho-emotional situations at work. The authors conducted an anonymous survey among legal advisers of several regions of the Russian Federation to identify the most stressful aspects of their work as well as an anonymous survey among the heads of legal practices that demonstrates their awareness about psycho-emotional state of their subordinates. Data from foreign and local studies of certain aspects of advocacy work were analysed. The authors make a conclusion about psycho-emotional aspects of advocacy work and lawyers qualities supporting more productive activity. The practical recommendations that minimise work stress level is developed and articulated.
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Abdulkadir, Abdulrasaq, Abdulkadir Olarewaju Rasaq,, and Isıaka Gafar. "Psychological effects of retirement of retirees: implications for counselling." Cypriot Journal of Educational Sciences 13, no. 1 (March 29, 2018): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/cjes.v13i1.3365.
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Retirees who retire from many government and non-governmental organisations are increasing daily. The relocation from routine work to private life is likely to result in some psychological reactions of anger, anxiety, depression and stress. This paper identified the voluntary, compulsory and mandatory types of retirement as well as types of retiree. The paper also discussed pre-retirement planning and the implications for pre-retirement counselling, which is aimed at providing comprehensive guidance and information concerning the social, emotional, financial and other aspects of retirement. The paper recommended that for effective pre-retirement counselling, there is a need for pre-retirement talks on finance, adequate use of leisure time and social interaction.
Keywords: Retirement, psychology, retirees, counselling, stress.
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Foster, Don, and Lionel Nicholas. "Cognitive Dissonance, de Kock and Odd Psychological Testimony." South African Journal of Psychology 30, no. 1 (March 2000): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/008124630003000107.
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In the criminal trial of Eugene de Kock, aspects of his murderous rampage were attributed to his purported experience of cognitive dissonance (CD), emotional blunting and posttraumatic stress disorder. This paper will critique the use of CD in this particular case and explore the theoretical underpinnings of CD. A few examples from the court record will be used to illustrate the place of CD in explaining perpetrators' actions.
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González-Hernández, Juan, and Antonio Jesús Muñoz-Villena. "Perfectionism and sporting practice. Functional stress regulation in adolescence." Anales de Psicología 35, no. 1 (December 24, 2018): 148–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/analesps.35.1.326541.
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Systematic practice of physical activity (PA) in childhood and adolescence enables the development of functional resources for subjective perception of well-being, stimulation of cognitive processes, and construction of the personality. The development of perfectionist beliefs is currently seen as a functional characteristic linked to positive aspects (positive affect, self-esteem, etc.), while its dysfunctional aspects have been associated with anxiety and stress. The aim of this study is to identify which indicators of perfectionism provide functional conditions/skills that, in combination with the level of practice of physical activity, facilitate stress regulation. A sample of 365 adolescents (183 girls and 182 boys) aged between 13 and 17 participated. The results show that as the intensity of physical activity increases, there are significant changes in the indicators for functional perfectionism (high personal standards and organisation), with reference to facilitating (at moderate levels) or limiting (if excessive or absent) perceived stress and, above all, increased intensity of physical activity accentuates dysfunctional perfectionism patterns. This research has made it possible to identify active psychological processes that influence functional or dysfunctional psychological responses in adolescents depending on their level of perfectionism and the intensity of practise of PA.
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Abdulkadir, Abdulrasaq, Abdulkadir Olarewaju Rasaq, and Isıaka Gafar. "Psychological effects of retirement of retirees: implications for counselling." Cypriot Journal of Educational Sciences 13, no. 1 (April 20, 2018): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/cjes.v13i1.3309.
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Retirees who retire from many government and non-governmental organisations are increasing daily. The relocation from routine work to private life is likely to result in some psychological reactions of anger, anxiety, depression and stress. This paper identified the voluntary, compulsory and mandatory types of retirement as well as types of retiree. The paper also discussed pre-retirement planning and the implications for pre-retirement counselling, which is aimed at providing comprehensive guidance and information concerning the social, emotional, financial and other aspects of retirement. The paper recommended that for effective pre-retirement counselling, there is a need for pre-retirement talks on finance, adequate use of leisure time and social interaction.
Keywords: Retirement, psychology, retirees, counselling, stress.
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Borngräber, Friederike, and Alexander Schmidt. "Neuropsychological Aspects of Focal Dystonia in Musicians." Zeitschrift für Neuropsychologie 31, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1016-264x/a000293.
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Abstract. Musician’s dystonia (MD) is a focal, task-specific neurological movement disorder that presents with loss of voluntary motor control when playing the instrument and affects up to 1–2 % of professional musicians. The current pathophysiological understanding of MD is that of a network disease, involving the sensorimotor cortex, basal ganglia, cerebellum and the limbic system. Various extrinsic factors, e.g. high temporal and spatial sensorimotor constraints on the instrument or more than 10 000 hours of accumulated practice time, as well as intrinsic factors, e.g. high levels of anxiety and perfectionism, and even genetic factors have been identified to increase the risk to develop MD. From a neuropsychological point of view, two phenotypes of MD can be distinguished with high or low psychological stress, which should be taken into account to adapt the individual therapy. Treatment options for MD include medication with trihexyphenidyl, local injections of botulinum toxin A, retraining, ergonomic changes of the instrument, and in patients with high psychological stress also antidepressants and behavioral therapy.
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Keet, Michaela, Heather Heavin, and Shawna Sparrow. "ANTICIPATING AND MANAGING THE PSYCHOLOGICAL COST OF CIVIL LITIGATION." Windsor Yearbook of Access to Justice 34, no. 2 (February 14, 2018): 73–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.22329/wyaj.v34i2.5023.
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Despite growing national attention on the costs of accessing justice, surprisingly little information has been collected about the psychological ‘costs’ of engaging in litigation. This article summarizes the health and psychology literature, to present a picture of the impact that litigation can have on litigants’ health, state of mind, life goals and social relationships. Set against professional obligations embedded in the lawyer’s role, we assert that awareness of the negative impacts of legal processes on the emotional and psychological functioning of clients is important. With greater awareness, lawyers can better assess the value of litigation, prepare their clients (and themselves) for litigation stress, and, where appropriate, take preventative actions to minimize the negative aspects of the litigation experience. With that in mind, we identify positive solution-oriented responses to preventing, reducing and alleviating litigation stress. These strategies focus on client-centred communication, supports and planning.
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Ayer, Lynsay, Brinda Venkatesh, Robert Stewart, Daniel Mandel, Bradley Stein, and Michael Schoenbaum. "Psychological Aspects of the Israeli–Palestinian Conflict: A Systematic Review." Trauma, Violence, & Abuse 18, no. 3 (October 27, 2015): 322–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524838015613774.
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Despite ongoing local and international peace efforts, the Jews, Arabs, and other residents of Israel and the Palestinian territories (i.e., the West Bank and Gaza) have endured decades of political, social, and physical upheaval, with periodic eruptions of violence. It has been theorized that the psychological impact of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict extends beyond the bounds of psychiatric disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Exposure to the ongoing conflict may lead to changes in the way Israelis and Palestinians think, feel, and act; while these changes may not meet the thresholds of PTSD or depression, they nonetheless could have a strong public health impact. It is unclear whether existing studies have found associations between exposure to the conflict and nonclinical psychological outcomes. We conducted a systematic review to synthesize the empirical research on the Israeli–Palestinian conflict and its psychological consequences. As a whole, the body of literature we reviewed suggests that exposure to regional political conflict and violence may have detrimental effects on psychological well-being and that these effects likely extend beyond the psychiatric disorders and symptoms most commonly studied. We found evidence that exposure to the conflict informs not only the way Israelis and Palestinians think, feel, and act but also their attitudes toward different religious and ethnic groups and their degree of support for peace or war. We also found that Palestinians may be at particularly high risk of experiencing psychological distress as a result of the conflict, though more research is needed to determine the extent to which this is due to socioeconomic stress. Our review suggests the need for more studies on the nonclinical psychological aspects of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict as well as for longitudinal studies on the impact of the conflict on both Israelis and Palestinians.
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Bancila, Delia, Maurice B. Mittelmark, and Jørn Hetland. "The Association of Interpersonal Stress with Psychological Distress in Romania." European Psychologist 11, no. 1 (January 2006): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040.11.1.39.
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Data from a community sample in Romania are presented on how social support and stress in interpersonal relationships are related to psychological distress (depressive symptoms, anxiety, and loneliness). Other predictor variables in the study were stress from daily living, self-efficacy, age, and gender. An important feature was the inclusion of measures of positive and negative aspects of interpersonal relationships. Many studies emphasize either social support, or interpersonal stress, but rarely both. A random population-based sample of 1000 was drawn from age groups 25-29, 40-44 and 75-79. A study questionnaire was mailed to the sample. The analysis sample size was 581 (63 percent of the 922 persons located). The hypothesized relationships between the stressors, the resources, and psychological distress were examined using structural equation models. All the fit statistics indicated a good fit of the data to the model. The variance in psychological distress explained by the predictor variables was 0.83. There were no statistically significant age differences in the relationship between the predictors and psychological distress. Results confirm the study's basic premise, that social support influences psychological distress levels in a protective way, as does self-efficacy, while interpersonal stress and worries about daily living are significant predictors for elevated psychological distress. The study confirms the importance of including measures of positive and of negative social ties in studies of psychological distress in community samples.
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Winefield, Helen R., Anthony H. Winefield, and Marika Tiggemann. "Psychological Attributes of Young Adult Smokers." Psychological Reports 70, no. 3 (June 1992): 675–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1992.70.3.675.
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To study the psychological aspects of cigarette-smoking in community adults, we examined longitudinal data from a sample of young people (from age 15 to 23 years). Questions on smoking behavior had been asked during the last five years of the study, and information on self-esteem, depressive affect, negative mood, hopelessness, psychological disturbance, locus of control, social alienation and health was also available. Current smokers in the last year of the study had differed from nonsmokers nine years previously by having more external locus of control and now were less likely to report their health as excellent. Most smokers also drank alcohol, but cigarette consumption did not differ for drinkers and nondrinkers. Contrary to expectations, current smokers showed no distinctive psychological attributes, and those who started of stopped smoking were similarly undistinctive in psychological terms. Results suggest that efforts to stress the self-destructive or antisocial nature of tobacco use have not been accepted by the smokers in this age group ( M = 23.6 yr.).
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Maier, Karl J., George I. Whitehead, and Mark I. Walter. "Teaching Psychology and Climate Change." Teaching of Psychology 45, no. 3 (June 20, 2018): 226–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0098628318779261.
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The American Psychological Association (APA) has called for psychologists to become more involved in addressing climate change. One way to address this pressing issue is through curriculum. To this end, we describe an undergraduate course that we created and teach exclusively focused on the interface of psychology and global climate change. The course is a seminar structured around three broad themes: science and impacts, adaptation, and solutions. To support others developing curriculum in this area, we explain these themes and share the course organization and structure, along with our experiences in teaching it. We provide relevant examples of activities and resources in the context of the goals and outcomes of APA’s “Guidelines for the Undergraduate Psychology Major.” We discuss considerations of competence and interdisciplinarity in teaching on this issue. Finally, given the magnitude and significance of climate change, we consider experiential aspects of students in the course related to stress.
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Szigeti, Judit, and Barna Konkolÿ Thege. "The psychological aspects of infertility: a review of the literature." Magyar Pszichológiai Szemle 67, no. 3 (September 1, 2012): 561–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/mpszle.67.2012.3.8.
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Jelen tanulmány a meddőség pszichés vonatkozásairól szóló jelentősebb kutatások eredményeit foglalja össze. Ebből a célból főleg az angol nyelvű adatbázisokban elérhető tanulmányokat tekintettük át szisztematikus kulcsszókereséses módszerrel, de támaszkodtunk a magyar szakirodalomra is. A legvilágosabban kirajzolódó következtetés az, hogy a meddőség lelki előzményei és következményei nehezen választhatók szét. Nincs megdönthetetlen bizonyíték arra nézve, hogy a stressz, a szorongás és a lehangoltság önmagában meddőséget okozna, de számos jel utal rá, hogy hozzájárul és együtt jár a terméketlenséggel. Hasonlóképpen nehéz elkülöníteni, hogy a pszichés hatások maga a meddőség vagy a megterhelő asszisztált reprodukciós beavatkozások következményei. Vegyesek a tapasztalatok arra nézve is, hogy a pszichoterápiát milyen mértékben veszik igénybe a páciensek, illetve ez mennyiben járul hozzá a beavatkozások sikeréhez, de egyetlen általunk ismert tanulmány sem kérdőjelezi meg, hogy pszichés támogatásra a meddőség kezelése során szükség van. A spirituális dimenzió és a meddőség kapcsolata kevéssé kutatott téma, de néhány tanulmány a vallásos megküzdési módok bevonását is indokoltnak tartja a meddőség kezelésébe. A magyarországi gyakorlatban mindez ma még nem magától értetődő. Összességében a tanulmány a meddőség cirkuláris oksági, rendszerszemléletű megközelítése mellett érvel.
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Clement, Damien, Megan D. Granquist, and Monna M. Arvinen-Barrow. "Psychosocial Aspects of Athletic Injuries as Perceived by Athletic Trainers." Journal of Athletic Training 48, no. 4 (July 1, 2013): 512–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-48.3.21.
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Context: Despite the Psychosocial Strategies and Referral content area, athletic trainers (ATs) generally lack confidence in their ability to use this information. Objective: The current study's primary purpose was to determine (a) perceived psychological responses and coping behaviors athletes may present to ATs, (b) psychosocial strategies ATs currently use with their athletes, (c) psychosocial strategies ATs deem important to learn more about, and (d) ATs' current practices in referring athletes to counseling or sport psychology services. Design: Mixed-methods study. Setting: Online survey containing both quantitative and qualitative items. Patients or Other Participants: A total of 215 ATs (86 male, 129 female), representing a response rate of 22.50%. Main Outcome Measure(s): The Athletic Training and Sport Psychology Questionnaire. Results: Stress/anxiety (4.24 ± 0.82), anger (3.70 ± 0.96), and treatment adherence problems (3.62 ± 0.94) were rated as the primary psychological responses athletes may present upon injury. Adherence and having a positive attitude were identified as key determinants in defining athletes' successful coping with their injuries. The top 3 selected psychosocial strategies were keeping the athlete involved with the team (4.57 ± 0.73), using short-term goals (4.45 ± 0.67), and creating variety in rehabilitation exercises (4.32 ± 0.75). The top 3 rated psychosocial strategies ATs deem important to learn more about were understanding motivation (4.29 ± 0.89), using effective communication (4.24 ± 0.91), and setting realistic goals (4.22 ± 0.97). Of the sample, only 59 (27.44%) ATs reported referring an athlete for counseling services, and 37 (84.09%) of those who had access to a sport psychologist (n = 44) reported referring for sport psychology services. Conclusions: These results not only highlight ATs' current use of psychosocial strategies but also their desires to increase their current knowledge and understanding of these strategies while caring for injured athletes.
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Ingram, John A. "Psychological Aspects of the Filling of the Holy Spirit: A Preliminary Model of Post-Redemptive Personality Functioning." Journal of Psychology and Theology 24, no. 2 (June 1996): 104–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009164719602400203.
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A preliminary model is presented describing applications of the filling of the Holy Spirit to psychological aspects of Christian living. Anthropological deficits in secular psychology and evangelical systems are described. Related topics include expectancy, defense mechanisms, self-image, and cognitive appraisal. The concept of “biblical humanism” is applied to new creations in Christ as a function of the ongoing filling of the Holy Spirit. Although many Christian clients have considerable spiritual resources, their ability to organize and access them effectively can be seriously impaired unless they are able to apply the integrative, dynamic resource of the Holy Spirit actively to their life development and stress challenges on a continuous basis. Truly Christian counseling must ultimately include addressing the activities of the Holy Spirit in Christian living at some level.
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Balducci, Cristian. "Mobbing nei luoghi di lavoro: rassegna della letteratura sugli aspetti definitori e sulle conseguenze." PSICOLOGIA DELLA SALUTE, no. 1 (June 2009): 101–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/pds2009-001007.
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- Mobbing is a work-related psychosocial risk that consists of psychological harassment conducted against a worker by colleagues or supervisors, rarely by subordinates. In the present paper a review of the psychological literature is carried out, with a focus on defining aspects and consequences of the phenomenon. Results suggest that mobbing may be viewed as a long lasting conflict, which polarizes progressively and which may also be fuelled by the victimized worker. Intentionality of the hostile behaviours is not considered a defining aspect of mobbing. The personal consequences of mobbing appear to be more severe than those usually observed in organizational stress-research. Organizational and societal consequences are also of relevance. One of the most important limitation of research in this area is that studies on the causes of the phenomenon integrating both organizational and personal factors and using robust research designs, are almost totally absent.Key words: mobbing, workplace bullying, psychosocial risks, work-related stress.Parole chiave: mobbing, bullismo lavorativo, rischi psicosociali, stress lavoro-correlato.
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E Park, Katey, Annabel Sibalis, and Brittany Jamieson. "The Mental Health and Well-Being of Master’s and Doctoral Psychology Students at an Urban Canadian University." International Journal of Doctoral Studies 16 (2021): 429–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4790.
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Aim/Purpose: Although the high rates of stress and psychological distress in graduate students has been well-documented, Canadian samples are underrepresented in the extant literature. The present study explores prevalence rates of burnout and psychological distress in a sample of psychology master’s and doctoral students at a university in a large urban Canadian city, as well as factors relating to their well-being, social support and stress. Background: There are economic and productivity setbacks stemming from high stress and mental health challenges. Burnout and psychological distress of graduate students are associated with hindered academic progress, mental and physical health challenges, and reduced productivity. Further, emotionally exhausted doctoral students are at heightened risk for non-completion of their degrees. Methodology: Sixty-two psychology graduate students completed an online survey that assessed burnout, psychological distress (anxiety, depression, and stress symptoms), perceived social support, collegiate sense of community, financial strain, and rank-ordered nine domains of graduate school stressors. Contribution: The present paper contributes to the body of knowledge that graduate students residing in an urban Canadian city experience high rates of burnout and psychological distress. High levels of social support outside the academe were not protective factors in mitigating burnout. Findings: Participants reported high levels of perceived social support and sense of community. However, over half (60%) of respondents met criteria for burnout, and one in three students met criteria for problematic levels of stress, anxiety, and/or depression. In a rank ordering question, “thesis, dissertation or other research”, “classwork” and “finances” ranked in the top three most stressful aspects of graduate school for respondents. Recommendations for Practitioners: Graduate students experience unique stressors related to their mental health and well-being that differ from undergraduate students and young working professionals. Mental health practitioners may be better equipped to support graduate students with knowledge of these specific factors impacting mental health and well-being. Recommendation for Researchers: Based on these findings, four areas of recommendations for psychology graduate institutions and training programs are discussed. These recommendations highlight the need for change across systemic levels and call for integrative efforts to improve wellbeing for psychology graduate students. Impact on Society: Enhancement of doctoral student well-being could contribute to long-term benefits in academia and in higher education. Future Research: The study took place before the emergence of COVID-19, which has undoubtably impacted graduate students globally. Research on student experiences during this unprecedented time is needed, as are additional supports (e.g., virtual programming to reduce social isolation; contingency plans for data collection).
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Waumsley, Julie A., Brian Hemmings, and Simon M. Payne. "Work-Life Balance, Role Conflict and the UK Sport Psychology Consultant." Sport Psychologist 24, no. 2 (June 2010): 245–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/tsp.24.2.245.
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To date there has not been a comprehensive discussion in the literature of work-life balance for the sport psychology consultant. The number and complexity of roles often undertaken by consultants may lead to potential stress if roles conflict. Underpinned by Role Theory (Kahn, Wolfe, Quinn, Snoek, & Rosenthal, 1964) and the Spillover Hypothesis (Staines, 1980) this paper draws on the work-life balance literature to present the potential conflicts and ethical dilemmas experienced by the sport psychology consultant as a result of conducting multiple roles. With an applied focus, ways of obtaining work-life balance are suggested through a psychological model outlining personal organizational skills, ongoing supervision/mentoring and reflective practice, and safeguarding leisure time. While certain aspects of the model are built on the UK experience, many of the suggestions will be applicable to sport psychology consultants regardless of their location. Ideas for future research directions involving exploring conflicting roles, work-life balance and coping issues for the sport psychology consultant are presented.
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Garvin, Margaret, and Andrew J. Martin. "High School Students' Part-Time Employment and its Relationship to Academic Engagement and Psychological Well-Being." Australian Journal of Guidance and Counselling 9, no. 2 (November 1999): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1037291100003903.
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The present study investigates the relationship between school students' part-time employment and their academic engagement and psychological well-being. High school students completed a questionnaire assessing the quantity and quality of their employment, cognitive and behavioural aspects of their academic engagement, and levels of stress they were experiencing. Employed students reported significantly greater stress in terms of less ability to cope with day-to-day events than did students who were not employed. Employed students also reported comparatively lower levels of attentiveness and cognitive engagement at school than students who were not employed. Gender effects also emerged: boys appeared to benefit more from employment than girls both in terms of lower levels of depression and higher self-concept when work conditions were positive. Implications for both individual counselling and whole-school welfare are discussed.
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MORGAN, CRAIG. "IN THIS ISSUE." Psychological Medicine 36, no. 11 (October 16, 2006): 1499–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291706009081.
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This issue contains two reviews, one on the findings from high-risk studies of schizophrenia, and one comparing two psychological interventions for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Other sets of papers examine various aspects of PTSD, psychosis, personality disorder, and common mental disorders, and four individual papers examine a variety of topics.
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Mihailović, Dobrivoje. "ORGANIZATIONAL STRESS." Tourism and hospitality management 9, no. 1 (2003): 113–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.20867/thm.9.1.11.
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Contemporary organizational psychology very often lakes problem of organizational stress as one of its subjects. It is a phenomenon with which almost every profession must deals, but some of them are more exposed to its jeopardizing influences. For some professions stress is part of almost every work aspect. Nevertheless, it is usual to connect stress with the problem of conflicts. The importance of studying stress is especially actualized in situations of social and economics crisis that are characteristic for modem age and our environment. This paperwork is an attempt to give a theoretical explanation of work stress through identification and systematization of sources of stressias it is an attempt to describe far-reaching and complexity of its consequences on person and organization. Also, there is an idea to show methods that can be sued for managing stress, through organizational measures, or through techniques for individual coping with stress. We started from the hypothesis that it is possible to look for sources of organizational stress in organization itself, connected with the nature of work, organizational role that one has, in the degree of his responsibility, work relations, dynamics and psychological climate in organization, and if factors outside the organization (in family, life difficulties, personal conflicts). The consequences of stress can be seen on the level of physiological and psychological interruptions, and on the level of organizational problems. Consequently, on one side the importance of adequate professional selection and education, and adequate organizational culture is seen as important measure for stress prevention, and there us an emphasizing of personal techniques for protecting, mitigation and recovering of the stress, on the other side.
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Kaufman, James C., and John Baer. "I Bask in Dreams of Suicide: Mental Illness, Poetry, and Women." Review of General Psychology 6, no. 3 (September 2002): 271–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.6.3.271.
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A consistent research finding in creativity research has been the tendency of poets—especially female poets—to suffer from mental illness. We explore (a) Why poets? and (b) Why female poets? We posit that poetry may attract those with a predisposition toward illness, the domain of poetry may particularly reward those who exhibit illness, and unusual aspects of the domain of poetry writing may increase the likelihood of poets succumbing to illness. These domain-specific aspects of writing poetry affect men and women alike. In addition, the greater difficulty that women tend to experience in ignoring extrinsic motivational constraints may cause successful female poets to have an even higher incidence of psychological stress, and of mental illness, than male poets.
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Kamshukov, A., and V. V. Konstantinov. "Socio-psychological characteristics of people who refuse to take the survey using the polygraph." Psychology and Law 6, no. 4 (2016): 166–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/psylaw.2016060415.
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The article discusses aspects of the study of socio-psychological characteristics of people who refuse to take the survey using the polygraph. The authors propose to consider the analysis and study of this subject field from the perspective of social psychology, but not within a common psychophysiological interpretations. A survey using polygraph is a complex procedure, as the increasing anxiety of the subjects, and providing stress. Process failure associated with violation of adaptive behavior of individuals, weakness of General adaptation to changing conditions. Scientifically justified and experimentally proved the link between the cancellation of the survey using the polygraph and the transition of adaptation to deadaptation of the personality. The authors consider adaptation and adaptive behavior through the individual's ability to successful socialization, ability to overcome stressful situations and the level of anxiety and disturbing behavior. The article presents objective data, revealing socio-psychological characteristics of people who refuse to undergo testing on a polygraph, their individual psychological characteristics and regularities of the studied phenomenon.
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Kozina, Ana, Masa Vidmar, Manja Veldin, Tina Pivec, and Igor Peras. "The role of emotional competencies in psychological responding to covid-19 pandemic." Psihologija, no. 00 (2021): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/psi200723006k.
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With stress related to the COVID-19 pandemic, an increase in anxiety and a decrease in overall mental well-being is expected. We investigated the role of emotional competencies (mindfulness and emotional self-efficacy) for psychological responding (mental well-being, general anxiety, and COVID-19 anxiety) during the COVID-19 pandemic. We also examined whether practising mindfulness with inner (meditation-based) and body (yoga-based) exercises supports emotional competencies. Our sample consisted of 364 participants (83.5% females, M = 37.21 years, SD = 12.92 years). Findings showed that emotional competencies are a viable source of support in psychological responses to COVID-19, with Emotional self-efficacy and Accept without judgement playing the strongest roles. Moreover, practising mindfulness was shown to foster several aspects of emotional competencies (i.e., Observe, Describe, and Emotional self-efficacy). There is an ambiguous finding regarding Observe scale that was also found problematic in other studies. The implications for possible interventions are discussed.
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Argudo Fuentes, Carlos, José María López Gullón, María Jesús Bazaco Belmonte, José Miguel Vegara Ferri, Salvador Angosto Sánchez, and Rosendo Berenguí. "Psychological dimension in the formation process of the Spanish Olympic wrestler." Anales de Psicología 36, no. 3 (August 5, 2020): 553–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/analesps.398831.
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El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer cómo se ha llevado a cabo el trabajo psicológico en el proceso de formación deportiva de los luchadores olímpicos españoles con metodología cualitativa, se aplicó una entrevista semi-estructurada a 21 luchadores. Los resultados muestran que los luchadores olímpicos estiman que no han trabajado adecuadamente los aspectos psicológicos, valorando la mayoría que es fundamental en la etapa de alta competición si quieres alcanzar la excelencia. Entre las principales capacidades destacan autoconfianza, capacidad de sacrificio, constancia, disciplina, perseverancia y motivación personal. Presión-estrés se produce antes de la competición, aumenta la ansiedad motivada por dar el peso; reclaman más encuentros internacionales con el propósito de mejora en su control emocional. De este modo, se consideran la motivación y la autoconfianza, como variables psicológicas condicionales e importantes en el rendimiento deportivo y por lo tanto predictores del éxito en Lucha Olímpica. The aim of this study was to know how psychological work has been carried out in the process of sports training of Spanish Olympic fighters with qualitative methodology, a semi-structured interview was applied to 21 fighters. The results show that the wrestlers believe that they have not adequately worked on the psychological aspects, but most believe this is fundamental in the stage of high competition if you want to achieve excellence. Among the main capacities we can highlight: Self-confidence, capacity for sacrifice, constancy, discipline, perseverance and personal motivation. Pressure-stress occurs before the competition due to the anxiety motivated by any potential weight increase. Therefore, the Olympic fighters demand more international meetings with the purpose of improving their emotional state. Accordingly, motivation and self-confidence are considered to be the main conditioning and important psychological variables in sports performance, and therefore they are predictors of success in the Olympic fight.
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Torres, Calia A., Martha R. Crowther, and Stanley Brodsky. "Addressing Acculturative Stress in Psychotherapy: A Case Study of a Latino Man Overcoming Cultural Conflicts and Stress Related to Language Use." Clinical Case Studies 16, no. 3 (January 9, 2017): 187–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1534650116686180.
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To foster engagement in treatment and improve therapeutic outcomes for immigrant clients, it is important for therapists to integrate cultural values and to recognize the psychological stressors faced as immigrants learn to adapt and assimilate changes associated with moving to a new country. This case study describes the integration of cultural values when working with immigrant Latino clients who are at an increased risk of experiencing acculturative stress as a result of moving to the United States and having limited English knowledge. The integration of cultural values of familismo and personalismo are also discussed as it related to case conceptualization and treatment process. Finally, the current case provides information about conducting therapy in two languages and transitioning from Spanish to English as part of acculturation process while also addressing multifaceted aspects involved when working with Latino clients.
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Saffari, Mohsen, Mehdi Raei, Mohamad Amin Pourhoseingholi, and Masoum Khosh Fetrat. "Psychological Aspects of COVID-19 in Iran: How the Disease May Affect Mental Health of Medical Staff and General Population?" International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health 9, no. 2 (January 20, 2021): 94–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/ijtmgh.2021.15.
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Introduction: The disease related to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has now been a pandemic throughout the world. Although the epidemiological studies and clinical trials are utilized to find standard measures and medicines to prevent and control COVID-19, addressing the mental health and psychology of the people who may be at risk of the disease may also be effective to find comprehensive methods to better overcome this pandemic. This study aimed at investigating the mental status of both the general population and healthcare personnel during this pandemic in Iran. Methods: Using a cross-sectional design, a sample of 296 medical staff and 532 people living in Tehran city of Iran were included in the study. The assessment was performed by Depression, Anxiety, and Stress scale short-form (DASS-21). Two groups were matched in terms of some demographical factors such as age, gender, and marital status. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was utilized to perform comparisons between the two groups. Results: Both samples of the general population and medical staff had high levels of stress, anxiety, and depression. The mean score of anxiety and depression among medical staff was higher than that of the general population (P<0.001). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of stress level. Conclusion: It seems both the Iranian general population and healthcare personnel are under mental pressure caused by COVID-19, indicating an urgent need for intervention and using preventive measures to control the negative impacts of the diseases on the psychological well-being of these people. Further studies in other regions affected by the disease may provide more evidence in this regard.
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Babelyuk, Oksana, Olena Koliasa, Vasyl Lopushanskyy, Valeriia Smaglii, and Svitlana Yukhymets. "Psychological Difficulties during the Covid Lockdown: Video in Blended Digital Teaching Language, Literature, and Culture." Arab World English Journal, no. 1 (April 15, 2021): 172–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.24093/awej/covid.13.
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The recent COVID-19 pandemic has caused an urgent necessity for higher education institutions and their teaching staff to move the educational process online in the shortest possible time. It should be admitted that higher education worldwide is changing, and institutions face challenges when adapting to the new COVID-19 reality – blended digital teaching and learning. They are tackling several issues connected with the essence of virtual education, its technical aspect, and students’ learning environment. During COVID-19 lockdown, teachers have to prepare and deliver their classes from home, simultaneously coping with numerous professional and technical challenges, often without any appropriate support. In addition to that, they were lack of technology literacy, professional knowledge, and experience needed for successful E-teaching. Besides, a new mode of blended digital teaching and learning also made them consider technical and administrative aspects of the current educational process, namely to use new educational platforms and tools, organize active workflows, and work out critical educational principles to design and facilitate practical online experiences. Along with the challenges that the teachers face in such conditions, they should be able to cope with the stress and psychological disorders of pupils and students. The article emphasizes the abnormal psychology of youngsters (pupils and students) as the result of stress and anxiety that appeared during Covid lockdown – the application of psychological science to understanding and treating mental disorders – and the use of video as a productive means of avoiding psychological disabilities. The research objective is to prove that video is an effective educational tool for avoiding psychological difficulties in blended digital learning during COVID-19 lockdown while teaching foreign languages, literature, and culture. Special attention is paid to psychological strategies of overcoming stress during COVID-19 lockdown, as well as to effective ways to students’ adapt to a virtual learning environment, development and implementation of anti-stress methods, which heighten their motivation. The article also heads on and explores potential solutions to educational problems that one can encounter in the new educational process at the post-COVID-19 epidemic period, such as the quality of education offered, its cost and availability, internationalization, and employability.
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Kirkcaldy, Bruce, Lars-Eric Petersen, and Gundula Hübner. "Managing the Stress of Bringing the Economy in the Eastern German States to the Level of the Western German States." European Psychologist 7, no. 1 (March 2002): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027//1016-9040.7.1.53.
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A select group of managers in the private and public sector working in the new and old German federal states were administered the German version of the Pressure Management Indicator (PMI; Williams, Kirkcaldy, & Cooper, 1999 ). Twenty-four scale scores were assessed encompassing diverse aspects of occupational stress, individual differences (type A, locus of control, and coping), and outcome variables (work satisfaction, physical and psychological health). Several differences were observed between those managers reared and educated in the former East Germany and those from the former West Germany. East-German managers, for example, were characterized by an external locus of control with regard to their jobs and revealed higher type A scores compared to their West-German counterparts. Furthermore, although there were no differences in the evaluation of working climate nor in subjectively perceived occupational stress, specific outcome variables such as self-reported physical and psychological health did differ between West- and East-German managers. The implications of these findings are discussed.
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MacDonald, Helen Z., and Anna Olsen. "The Role of Attentional Control in the Relationship Between Mindfulness and Anxiety." Psychological Reports 123, no. 3 (March 13, 2019): 759–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033294119835756.
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Mindfulness has been robustly associated with psychological health, predicting greater well-being, and lower levels of anxiety, depression, and stress across samples. Attentional control is the ability to voluntarily shift, focus, and train one’s attention and has also been linked with better psychological functioning. Less well-understood, however, are which domains of mindfulness may be associated with particular aspects of mental health, including anxiety, and whether attentional control may help to explain the relationship between specific facets of mindfulness and anxiety. This study examined self-reported shifting and focusing attentional control as mediators of the relationships between five domains of dispositional mindfulness (i.e., observing, describing, acting with awareness, nonjudging, and nonreacting) and symptoms of anxiety. Two hundred and eighty-six college students completed self-report questionnaires measuring dispositional mindfulness, attentional control, and symptoms of anxiety. Using mediation analyses, findings revealed an indirect effect of two facets of mindfulness on anxiety through focusing attentional control after controlling for shifting attentional control. These findings suggest that specific mindfulness skills are related to better attentional control skills, and that focusing attentional control may then protect against anxiety symptoms in college students. These results have critical implications for college students, who are experiencing anxiety and stress at increasing levels.
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Sultanova, Irina Viktorovna, and Tat'yana Evgen'evna Orlova. "Theoretical aspects of impact of the phenomenon of “post-truth” upon cognitive sphere of personality." Психолог, no. 3 (March 2020): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8701.2020.3.32674.
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The subject of this research is the impact of information environment upon people’s psyche. Currently, the volume of information accessible to human vastly exceeds the ability to digest it. The emerging information overload leads to nervous exhaustion, worsening of memory, lapse of attention concentration, and stress. Thus, there are created favorable conditions for negative influences of the policy of “post-truth” upon personality, mentality, perception of the world, and system of relationship. Using the instruments of rationality, the policy of “post-truth” turns them against rational thinking of a person. Affecting emotions and referring to personal beliefs, “post-truth” enhances stigmatization not even denying the facts. The research methodology combines the methods of fundamental psychological mechanisms and patterns of the origin and functioning of human psyche; methods general psychological research; methods of studying mental processes, mentality and personality; methods of cognitive psychology; technologies of examination of cognitive processes and communication in computer networks. The main conclusion consists in the statements that in the conditions of information overload and time deficit for analysis, a person makes hasty decisions based on his previous experience; while “post-truth” can be countered only through the development of the ability of critical thinking, giving assessment, learning to analyze and form own opinion regarding events ongoing in the world.
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Lawlor, Brian A. "Environmental and Social Aspects of Behavioral Disturbances in Dementia." International Psychogeriatrics 8, S3 (May 1997): 259–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s104161029700344x.
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Are the behavioral disturbances of dementia a primary manifestation of a devastating degenerative brain disease or a consequence of a demented patient's inability to cope with a hostile environment that does not adapt to his or her needs? Our current state of knowledge regarding the origin of noncognitive symptoms in dementia does not allow us to neatly dichotomize behavioral disturbances into either syndromes that can be attributed to altered neurobiologic substrates or behavioral reactions to a change in social routine or environment. The best fit model is one that incorporates biologic (neurochemical, neuropathologic, or genetic); psychological (premorbid personality and behavior, and response to stress); and social (environmental change and caregiver factors) aspects. For any particular symptom or group of symptoms, the relative input from each causal source can vary and may change in the future as our knowledge and understanding grow. The importance of an interactive causal model is that is has direct and immediate relevance to the development of treatment strategies.
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Onipko, Zoriana. "Phenomenon of Procrastination in Modern Psychology: Theoretical Fundamentals of the Research." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Series “Psychology”, no. 2 (12) (2020): 66–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/bsp.2020.2(12).12.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of the phenomenon of procrastination in the historical context. The peculiarities of defining this concept in the works of Ukrainian and foreign researchers are considered. Different definitions of the phenomenon of procrastination are analyzed and it is established that there is no single approach to its definition. However, it was found that procrastination has always been characterized by two aspects: voluntary postponement of intention and the presence of psychological discomfort associated with postponement of such intention. The analysis of the reasons of its occurrence is carried out; it was found that there is no consensus on the factors that cause and / or exacerbate procrastination. The characteristic features of this phenomenon and features of manifestation are investigated. The main approaches to the study of procrastination are analyzed: psychodynamic, behavioral, cognitive, subjective, motivational, psychophysiological. Possible negative consequences for the personality are revealed, among which are anxiety, stress, loss of productivity, psychosomatic disorders. The main types of procrastination are considered. It was found that some of the most common reasons for procrastination are: the difficulty of the task, fear of failure and success, perfectionism, insecurity, inability to plan and organize their activities, improper motivation, impulsiveness and others. It has been established that procrastination is a complex, heterogeneous phenomenon that includes a number of components and extends to various spheres of human life. The relationship between the concepts of procrastination and laziness is analyzed. It is established that they are based on various psychological mechanisms. Prospects for further research are identified.
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Lothian, Joanna, Neville M. Blampied, and Julia J. Rucklidge. "Effect of Micronutrients on Insomnia in Adults." Clinical Psychological Science 4, no. 6 (July 8, 2016): 1112–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2167702616631740.
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Insomnia is a debilitating condition causing psychological distress and frequently comorbid with other mental health conditions. This study examined the effect of 8 weeks of treatment by broad spectrum micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) on insomnia using a multiple-baseline-across-participants open-label trial design. Seventeen adults were randomized to 1-, 2-, or 3-week baseline periods (14 completed). Self-report measures were the Consensus Sleep Diary–Morning (CSD-M), the Pittsburgh Insomnia Rating Scale (PIRS), and the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (DASS). Baselines were generally stable. Treatment completers reported reliable and clinically significant change in insomnia severity (PIRS), in depression, stress, and anxiety (DASS), and on at least two aspects of sleep measured by the CDS-M. All completers were treatment-compliant, and side effects were minimal. Nutritional supplementation is shown to be a novel, beneficial treatment for insomnia in adults. Follow-up research using placebo-controlled designs as well as comparisons to cognitive-behavioral and other treatments is recommended.
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Tsiring, D. A., and I. N. Pakhomova. "Coping Behavior of Women with Cancer (Case of Patients with Breast Cancer)." Sibirskiy Psikhologicheskiy Zhurnal, no. 78 (2021): 130–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/17267080/78/8.
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The problem of survival and effectiveness of treatment for cancer is an urgent and socially significant task of modern science. Today, medicine is focused on improving the survival rate of patients with malignant neoplasms, increasing their life expectancy, and maintaining the life quality of this category of patients. Support for cancer patients is a priority in medical and psychological research, in which it is particularly important to identify the prerequisites of the disease, survival factors and psychological resources for adaptation to the disease. Breast cancer is accompanied by strong emotional stress, has a psychotraumatic effect on the patient and affects many aspects of life. The role of coping with the diagnosis, as well as with the stress caused by a long treatment process, is currently insufficiently studied. In this regard, the purpose of this work was to study coping behavior in women with breast cancer for a period of up to six months after diagnosis. It was a longitudinal study that last for three years. This article reflects the results of the first section of our study. We have found that women with breast cancer tend to suppress emotional responses and control their own experiences. When studying the age-related features of coping behavior, we found that 30-to 40-year-old women are more likely to use avoiding, social and confrontational coping than older women. Married women prefer to look for positive aspects in the current difficult life conditions, rather than unmarried. Coping behavior of women who have a job differs from coping behavior of women who have no job. The former are more likely to use such strategies as Confrontational coping, Search for social support, Escape-avoidance, Planning a solution to the problem. In addition, we found that the level of education is associated with the choice of coping strategies. For example, women with higher education tend to plan for resolving difficulties, maintain self-control, seek conditional benefits from the current situation, and are more likely to seek social support than women with secondary vocational education. The study of coping behavior in women with breast cancer as part of a longitudinal study reveals the specifics and dynamics of overcoming difficulties at the initial and subsequent stages of treatment. The identified differences will serve as the basis for creating a program for developing coping behavior and a program for psychological support of patients with cancer, as well as for further empirical study of other psychological factors of survival and disease course in patients with malignant neoplasms.
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Lee, Yeonjung, Alex Bierman, and Margaret Penning. "Psychological Well-Being Among Informal Caregivers in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging: Why the Location of Care Matters." Journals of Gerontology: Series B 75, no. 10 (September 9, 2020): 2207–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbaa159.
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Abstract Objectives A caregiving stress perspective suggests that caregiving harms psychological well-being in informal caregivers, whereas a caregiving rewards perspective suggests that provision of care benefits psychological well-being. This research examines whether both perspectives apply to caregiving experiences, but differently by the primary location of caregiving (i.e., in-home, other residence, and institution), as well as by gender. Methods We analyzed depression and life satisfaction in the nationally representative Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (N = 48,648), first comparing noncaregivers (N = 27,699) to a combined caregiver group (N = 20,949) and then stratifying caregivers by the primary location of care. Results When considered as a single group, caregivers suffered relative to noncaregivers in terms of life satisfaction and depression. When stratified by the location of care, only in-home caregivers reported both greater depression and lower life satisfaction. Nonresidential caregivers did not differ significantly in levels of depression from noncaregivers and reported higher life satisfaction. Institutional caregivers reported greater depression than noncaregivers, but did not differ significantly in life satisfaction. These patterns were stronger among women than men. Discussion Both the caregiving stress and caregiving rewards perspectives are applicable to the caregiving experience, with the stress perspective more applicable to in-home caregivers and the rewards perspective more relevant to nonresidential caregivers. Recommendations include targeted practice focused on the location of care as well as the gender of the caregiver. Given that nonresidential caregivers actually benefit from providing care, interventions need to focus on identifying and bolstering positive aspects of the caregiving experience.
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A.O., Lytvynenko. "АДАПТАЦІЯ ДО РОЛІ МАТЕРІ ЯК ПСИХОЛОГІЧНЕ ПЕРЕЖИВАННЯ." Scientic Bulletin of Kherson State University. Series Psychological Sciences, no. 4 (November 4, 2020): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.32999/ksu2312-3206/2020-4-2.
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Purpose is to substantiate the peculiarities of adaptation to the role of the mother among women with children of different ages in modern conditions.Methods. The article presents guidelines for studying the psychology of motherhood and training in this field. Motherhood is studied in psychology in various aspects, psychological schools and areas. There are many scientific and popular science publications on this issue. Various aspects of maternal behavior are affected in the psychology of personality, in child psychology, pedagogical psychology. The importance of maternal behavior for child development, its complex structure and path of development, the multiplicity of cultural and individual options as well as a huge number of modern studies in this area allow us to speak about the special relevance of studying motherhood as a psychological phenomenon. Results. Differences in the emotional experiences of women associated with the first and second pregnancies are revealed. Both pregnancies caused joyful experiences in most of the women who participated in our study. The news of the first pregnancy was more a source of anxiety and fear. However, later there was a more harmonious attitude of women to the first pregnancy, during the second pregnancy women felt less positive emotions associated with expecting a child, more often experienced anxiety and doubts.Conclusions. It is hypothesized that children of different ages cause different emotional experiences in women. In relation to the first child, mothers more often than to the second, on the one hand, feel delight, pride, and on the other – anxiety and fear. The second child, in comparison with the first, more often causes joy, surprise. Mothers’ perceptions of the personal characteristics of children of different ages have certain features. Mothers perceive the older child as more self-confident, disciplined and independent; mostly treat her as an individual. Women evaluate the youngest child as more extroverted, sociable, open. There are a number of relationships between the characteristics of a woman’s personality and the peculiarities of her attitude to the older and younger child. A woman’s harmonious relationship with her parents has a positive effect on her perception of her own children. Such personality traits as anxiety, self-doubt, low stress resistance, inability to establish interpersonal relationships negatively affect the ability of a woman to harmoniously fulfil the role of mother, her adaptation to the upbringing children of different ages.Key words: psychology of experiences, motherhood, psychology of motherhood, features of adaptation. Мета –обґрунтувати особливості адаптації до ролі матері серед жінок з дітьми різного віку в сучасних умовах. Методи. У статті представлено методичні рекомендації щодо вивчення психології материнства і підготовки фахівців у цій сфері. Материнство вивчається в психології в різних аспектах, психологічних школах і напрямах. Є чимало наукових і науково-популярних видань, присвячених цій проблемі. Різні аспекти материнської поведінки зачіпаються в психології особистості, в дитячій психології, педагогічній психології. Важливість материнської поведінки для розвитку дитини, її складна структура і шлях розвитку, множинність культурних та індивідуальних варіантів, а також величезна кількість сучасних досліджень у цій сфері дозволяють говорити про особливу актуальність вивчення материнства як психологічного феномена. Результати. Виявлено відмінності в емоційних переживаннях жінок, пов’язаних з першою і другою вагітністю. Обидві вагітності у більшості жінок, які взяли участь у нашому дослідженні, викликали радісні переживання. Звістка про першу вагітність більшою мірою була джерелом тривоги, страху. Однак пізніше спостерігалося більш гармонійне ставлення жінок до першої вагітності, під час другої вагітності жінки відчували менше позитивних емоцій, пов’язаних з очікуванням дитини, частіше переживали тривогу, сумніви.Висновки. Запропоновано гіпотезу, що діти різного віку викликають у жінок різні емоційні пережи-вання. Щодо першої дитини матері частіше, ніж до другої, з одного боку, відчувають захват, гордість, а з іншого – тривогу і страх. Друга дитина в порівнянні з першою частіше викликає радість, здивування. Сприйняття матерями особистісних характеристик дітей різного віку має певні особливості. Матері сприймають старшу дитину як більш впевнену в собі, дисципліновану, самостійну, більшою мірою ставляться до неї як до окремої особистості. Молодшу дитину жінки оцінюють як більш екстравертовану, товариську, відкриту. Існує ряд взаємозв’язків між властивостями особистості жінки і особливостями її ставлення до старшої і молодшої дитини. Гармонійні взаємини жінки зі своїми батьками позитивно впливають на її сприйняття власних дітей. Такі особистісні риси, як тривожність, невпевненість у собі, низька стресостійкість, невміння встановлювати міжособистісні відносини негативно впливають на можливості гармонійного здійснення жінкою ролі матері, на її адаптацію до виховання дітей різного віку.Ключові слова: психологія переживань, материнство, психологія материнства, особливості адаптації.
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Ho, Tiffany C., Holly T. Pham, Jonas G. Miller, Katharina Kircanski, and Ian H. Gotlib. "Sympathetic nervous system dominance during stress recovery mediates associations between stress sensitivity and social anxiety symptoms in female adolescents." Development and Psychopathology 32, no. 5 (December 2020): 1914–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579420001261.
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AbstractSocial anxiety disorder (SAD) is commonly diagnosed during adolescence and is associated with psychological stress reactivity and heightened physiological arousal. No study, however, has systematically examined which aspects of autonomic nervous system function mediate likely links between stress sensitivity and social anxiety symptoms in adolescents. Here, we assessed 163 adolescents (90 females; 12.29 ± 1.39 years) with respect to life stress and social anxiety symptoms, and measured respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and skin conductance levels (SCL) during a psychosocial stress paradigm. We operationalized stress sensitivity as the residual variance in subjective stress severity after accounting for objective severity and changes in autonomic regulation using standardized change scores in RSA and SCL. In females only, stress sensitivity and social anxiety symptoms were significantly correlated with each other (p < .001) and with autonomic regulation during both reactivity and recovery (all ps < 0.04). Further, sympathetic nervous system dominance during recovery specifically mediated associations between stress sensitivity and social anxiety symptoms (B = 1.06, 95% CI: 0.02–2.64). In contrast, in males, stress sensitivity, autonomic regulation during reactivity or recovery, and social anxiety symptoms were not significantly associated (all ps > 0.1). We interpret these results in the context of psychobiological models of SAD and discuss implications for interventions targeting autonomic processes.
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Conley, Colleen S., Jenna B. Shapiro, Brynn M. Huguenel, and Alexandra C. Kirsch. "Navigating the College Years: Developmental Trajectories and Gender Differences in Psychological Functioning, Cognitive-Affective Strategies, and Social Well-Being." Emerging Adulthood 8, no. 2 (August 26, 2018): 103–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2167696818791603.
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College presents unique opportunities and stressors that challenge psychosocial adjustment. This 4-year longitudinal study examines multiple aspects of adjustment in 5,532 college students from immediately pre-college across each of 4 academic years. Student adjustment generally worsens across the first 2 years in the domains of psychological functioning (decreased self-esteem; increased depression, anxiety, and stress), cognitive-affective strategies (decreased active emotional coping, increased avoidant emotional coping), and social adjustment (decreased social support from friends). The latter 2 years generally witness improvement, though only recovering to pre-college levels in self-esteem and active emotional coping for women, and just the latter for men. Women experience worse initial psychological functioning (more distress and lower self-esteem), though their self-esteem recovers by the end of college. Men exhibit worse friend support and active emotional coping, and a pattern of worsening avoidant emotional coping throughout college. Current findings highlight the first 2 years as an extended transition period when prevention programs may be especially needed.
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Bebetsos, Evangelos, Emmanuel Aggelakis, George Bebetsos, and Dimitrios Gargalianos. "Motivation Psychological Characteristics of Canoe-Kayak Sprint Elite Youth Athletes." Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research 85, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pcssr-2020-0003.
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AbstractThe objective of the current study was the investigation of anxiety and satisfaction levels among Elite Greek Youth athletes of Canoe-Kayak Sprint. Additionally, whether elements such as gender, age, athletic experience, and weekly practice-time, differentiated the sample. 122 athletes, (61 males and 61 females) between the ages of 15-17 yrs. old, who competed in the Hellenic Federation’s Canoe-Kayak Sprint National Championships. Study participants were invited to complete two questionnaires: a) the Greek version of “CSAI-2” (Stavrou, Zervas, Kakkos, & Psichoundaki, 1998), and b) the Greek version of the “Athlete Satisfaction” scale (Bebetsos & Theodorakis, 2003). Results of the conducted study revealed that the sample differentiated: a) on somatic, and cognitive anxiety, according to their athletic experience, and b) on somatic, and cognitive anxiety, self-confidence, leadership, and personal outcome, according to their weekly practice-time. Finally, no sex differences were found in any questionnaire variable. In conclusion, the survey results highlighted the importance of the psychological factors tested on Canoe-Kayak Sprint athletes’ performance. Knowing and understanding athletes’ psychological state, can help them out (the athletes) in identifying aspects such as stress and satisfaction that directly affect their racing performance.
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Reed, Phil, Ashleigh Giles, Shonagh White, and Lisa A. Osborne. "Actual and perceived speedy diagnoses are associated with mothers’ unresolved reactions to a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder for a child." Autism 23, no. 7 (March 12, 2019): 1843–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361319833676.
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Reaction to a child’s diagnosis can strongly affect the parent, but little is known about the aspects of the diagnostic process associated with such reactions. The pre-diagnostic levels of anxiety, depression, and parenting stress of 67 volunteer mothers of children subsequently diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder were assessed, along with the children’s functioning. The speed and number of professionals involved in the diagnosis were recorded, and mothers completed a post-diagnosis assessment of their perceptions of the process. Longer actual and perceived diagnosis speeds predicted resolved reactions to diagnosis. Mothers’ psychological states pre-diagnosis did not predict reactions to diagnosis. Providing a measured diagnostic process, and strong relationship with mothers, rather than aiming for speed alone, may well be more productive for the parent and child.
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EDMONDSON, RICCA. "Wisdom in later life: ethnographic approaches." Ageing and Society 25, no. 6 (April 22, 2005): 339–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x04003320.
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The concept of wisdom, popularly associated with the idea of old age, was neglected during the 20th century. It has recently revived as a matter of academic concern, but remains imperfectly understood. This article therefore begins to explore both the concept of wisdom and some forms we might expect wise behaviour to take. It emphasises the contemporary relevance of historical approaches through an examination of Hebrew and Greek writing on wisdom. Recent contributions from psychology develop aspects of these traditions; but studying wisdom ethnographically also substantially expands our understanding of what wisdom is. An ethnographic interview from Austria exemplifies social as well as psychological aspects of wisdom, showing that part of the meaning of wisdom resides in its effects on a social setting. Aspects of discourse in rural Ireland, when interpreted in the light of maxim-related wisdom traditions, extend this claim, showing more about how wise interventions activate wisdom in the society surrounding them. Other ethnographic cases also develop this notion of wisdom as based on social interaction, by exploring its effects. If we face the methodological challenges entailed in tracing wisdom ethnographically, we enhance our understanding of the concept itself and stress the fruitfulness of the idea of wisdom as an attainment of the lifecourse.
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Kadri, Rozeeda, Rohayah Husain, and Syed Hadzrullathfi Syed Omar. "Impact of Spiritual Meditation on Drug Addiction Recovery and Wellbeing: A Systematic Review." International Journal of Human and Health Sciences (IJHHS) 4, no. 4 (May 6, 2020): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.31344/ijhhs.v4i4.208.
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It is well recognized throughout the history that religiosity, spirituality and the meditation practice have significant effects to the physical and mental health. Hence, this paper interested to evaluate the effectiveness of spiritual meditation on drug addiction recovery and its effects on psychological and mental health aspects. Three main databases in medicinal and psychology field were screened to identify the eligible studies which are PubMed, Cochrane and Scopus by using Boolean expression. Fourteen papers were included in this review. Standardized mean differences were calculated based on the intergroup mean difference and standard deviation followed by Cochran’s Q and I2 determination for heterogeneity analysis. The mean differences were statistically pooled in the meta-analysis and presented as a forest plot. The risk of bias was high for each study and assessed using the Jadad scale. The meta-analysis showed significant differences in across studies for addiction related outcome (I2=27%, 95% CI: -1.703, -0.454), anxiety (I2=0%, 95% CI: -0.874, -0.634) and stress (I2=100%, 95% CI: -0.874, -0.634). In general, spiritual meditation may promote the addiction recovery as well as improve the psychological and mental health outcomes by reducing the depression, anxiety and stress symptoms. In conclusion, randomized control trial on spiritual meditation gave positive impact on the addiction behavior as well as mental health and clarifies its reliability on addiction therapy problems.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 04 No. 04 October’20 Page : 237-250
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Martin, Rod, and Nicholas A. Kuiper. "Three decades investigating humor and laughter: An interview with Professor Rod Martin." Europe’s Journal of Psychology 12, no. 3 (August 19, 2016): 498–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v12i3.1119.
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Since the start of the 21st century, the investigation of various psychological aspects of humor and laughter has become an increasingly prominent topic of research. This growth can be attributed, in no small part, to the pioneering and creative work on humor and laughter conducted by Professor Rod Martin. Dr. Martin’s research interests in humor and laughter began in the early 1980s and continued throughout his 32 year long career as a professor of clinical psychology at the University of Western Ontario. During this time, Dr. Martin published numerous scholarly articles, chapters, and books on psychological aspects of humor and laughter. Professor Martin has just retired in July 2016, and in the present interview he recounts a number of research highlights of his illustrious career. Dr. Martin’s earliest influential work, conducted while he was still in graduate school, stemmed from an individual difference perspective that focused on the beneficial effects of sense of humor on psychological well-being. This research focus remained evident in many of Professor Martin’s subsequent investigations, but became increasingly refined as he developed several measures of different components of sense of humor, including both adaptive and maladaptive humor styles. In this interview, Dr. Martin describes the conceptualization, development and use of the Humor Styles Questionnaire, along with suggestions for future research and development. In doing so, he also discusses the three main components of humor (i.e., cognitive, emotional and interpersonal), as well as the distinctions and similarities between humor and laughter. Further highlights of this interview include Professor Martin’s comments on such diverse issues as the genetic versus environmental loadings for sense of humor, the multifaceted nature of the construct of humor, and the possible limitations of teaching individuals to use humor in a beneficial manner to cope with stress and enhance their social and interpersonal relationships.