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1

Hong-Zhong Huang and Zong-Wen An. "A Discrete Stress-Strength Interference Model With Stress Dependent Strength." IEEE Transactions on Reliability 58, no. 1 (2009): 118–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tr.2008.2006289.

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2

Cha, Ji Hwan, and Maxim Finkelstein. "A dynamic stress–strength model with stochastically decreasing strength." Metrika 78, no. 7 (2015): 807–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00184-015-0528-x.

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3

Beiranvand, Alimohammad, Ramin Kazemi, ‎Akram Kohansal, and Farshin‎ ‎. Hormozinejad. "A New Flexible Stress-Strength Model." Statistics, Optimization & Information Computing 10, no. 4 (2021): 1072–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.19139/soic-2310-5070-1230.

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‎To introduce a flexible stress-strength model‎, ‎statistical inference of the stress-strength parameter $R=P(X<Y)$‎, ‎when stress $X$ and strength $Y$ are two independent‎ two-parametre new Weibull-Fr\'{e}chet variables‎, ‎is considered under Type II progressive censored samples‎. ‎The MLE‎, ‎AMLE‎, ‎asymptotic confidence intervals‎, ‎Bayes estimate and HPD intervals of $R$ are achieved in three different cases‎. ‎Also‎, ‎to compare the performance of three different methods‎, ‎we apply the Monte Carlo simulations and also analyze a data set for illustrative aims‎.
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4

Hussam, Eslam, Mohamed A. Sabry, M. M. Abd El-Raouf, and Ehab M. Almetwally. "Fuzzy vs. Traditional Reliability Model for Inverse Weibull Distribution." Axioms 12, no. 6 (2023): 582. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/axioms12060582.

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In this paper, fuzzy stress strengths RF=P(Y≺X) and traditional stress strengths R=P(Y<X) are considered and compared when X and Y are independently inverse Weibull random variables. When axiomatic fuzzy set theory is taken into account in the stress–strength inference, it enables the generation of more precise studies on the underlying systems. We discuss estimating both conventional and fuzzy models of stress strength utilizing a maximum product of spacing, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian approaches. Simulations based on the Markov Chain Monte Carlo method are used to produce various est
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5

Zheng, Yonglai, and Shuxin Deng. "Failure Probability Model considering the Effect of Intermediate Principal Stress on Rock Strength." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/960973.

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A failure probability model is developed to describe the effect of the intermediate principal stress on rock strength. Each shear plane in rock samples is considered as a micro-unit. The strengths of these micro-units are assumed to match Weibull distribution. The macro strength of rock sample is a synthetic consideration of all directions’ probabilities. New model reproduces the typical phenomenon of intermediate principal stress effect that occurs in some true triaxial experiments. Based on the new model, a strength criterion is proposed and it can be regarded as a modified Mohr-Coulomb crit
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6

Durham, S. D., and W. J. Padgett. "Estimation for a probabilistic stress-strength model." IEEE Transactions on Reliability 39, no. 2 (1990): 199–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/24.55882.

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7

Chang, Dong Shang. "Reliability bounds for the stress-strength model." Computers & Industrial Engineering 29, no. 1-4 (1995): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0360-8352(95)00034-x.

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8

Morris, Peter H., and David J. Williams. "Effective stress vane shear strength correction factor correlations." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 31, no. 3 (1994): 335–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t94-041.

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A recent effective stress model of vane shear strength testing in soils can relate measured torques to vane shear strengths using theoretical analysis in terms of effective stress parameters. The strength estimates are based on known in situ stresses and soil parameters derived from laboratory testing. The model may be applied, for example, in obtaining theoretical estimates of conventional undrained vane shear strengths for comparison with field data and for use in stability analyses. However, the model incorporates a correction factor μv, analogous to Bjerrum's field vane shear strength corr
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9

Ebrahimi, Nader. "A stress–strength system." Journal of Applied Probability 22, no. 2 (1985): 467–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3213791.

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Suppose Y is the strength of a system subjected to a sequence of stresses X1, X2, X3, · ··. Let N(t) be the number of stresses occurring by time t and let T be the lifetime of the system. Then the survival distribution of is given by where and . In this note we aim at determining from the above model various non-parametric classes of life distributions which are of interest in reliability theory.
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10

Guan, Hong-xin, Hao-qing Wang, Hao Liu, Jia-jun Yan, and Miao Lin. "The Effect of Intermediate Principal Stress on Compressive Strength of Different Cement Content of Cement-Stabilized Macadam and Different Gradation of AC-13 Mixture." Applied Sciences 8, no. 10 (2018): 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8102000.

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Since the effect of intermediate principal stress on the strength of pavement materials is not entirely clear so far, a proprietary true triaxial apparatus was developed to simulate the spatial status of principal stresses to conduct compressive strength tests on different gradations of AC-13, different cement contents of cement-stabilized macadam. With the same minimum principal stress, the triaxial compressive strengths of cube specimens under different intermediate principal stresses were compared. The results indicate that, as the intermediate principal stress increases, the compressive st
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11

Shen, Jian Cheng, Li Mei Liu, Ai Sheng Jiao, and Xiang Bin Yi. "A Stress-Strength Interference Model with Strength Degradation Following a Gamma Process." Advanced Materials Research 945-949 (June 2014): 1196–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.945-949.1196.

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Stress-strength interference model has been widely used for reliability analysis of structures.Strength degradation of a structure is a common phenomenon in engineering. To evaluate the structure reliability in the case of strength degradation over time, the strength degradation is represented by a gamma process and the stress applied on a structure is represented by the Poisson process in this paper. Then a time-dependent stress-strength interference model is suggested by employing numerical integration method. With this model, the structure reliability can be evaluated more accurately.
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12

Ebrahimi, Nader. "A stress–strength system." Journal of Applied Probability 22, no. 02 (1985): 467–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021900200037943.

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Suppose Y is the strength of a system subjected to a sequence of stresses X 1, X 2, X 3, · ··. Let N(t) be the number of stresses occurring by time t and let T be the lifetime of the system. Then the survival distribution of is given by where and . In this note we aim at determining from the above model various non-parametric classes of life distributions which are of interest in reliability theory.
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13

Ni, Xin Hua, Jian Zheng, Ke Lin Gao, and Hong Bin Dai. "Strength Model of Melt-Growth Composite Ceramics." Key Engineering Materials 368-372 (February 2008): 1648–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.368-372.1648.

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The present work focuses on the failure mechanisms that occur in melt-growth composite ceramics mainly composed of fiber eutectics with random orientation. First, the stress field of the melt-growth composite ceramics under a tensile stress was obtained. It can be visualized that tensile force is transmitted between oxide fiber eutectics by means of shear stress that develop along the interfaces of oxide fiber eutectics. Consider fiber eutectics having lengths smaller than the critical length. During the composite ceramics fracture, fiber eutectics do not fracture. The average stress of a fibe
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14

Hui-li, Wang, and Qin Si-feng. "High-Strength Bolt Corrosion Fatigue Life Model and Application." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/567318.

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The corrosion fatigue performance of high-strength bolt was studied. Based on the fracture mechanics theory and the Gerberich-Chen formula, the high-strength bolt corrosion fracture crack model and the fatigue life model were established. The high-strength bolt crack depth and the fatigue life under corrosion environment were quantitatively analyzed. The factors affecting high-strength bolt corrosion fatigue life were discussed. The result showed that the high-strength bolt corrosion fracture biggest crack depth reduces along with the material yield strength and the applied stress increases. T
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15

Zhang, Haibin, Shuang Hou, and Jinping Ou. "Validation of Finite Element Model by Smart Aggregate-Based Stress Monitoring." Sensors 18, no. 11 (2018): 4062. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18114062.

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Concrete compressive strength is an important parameter of material properties for assessing seismic performance of reinforced concrete (RC) structures, which has a certain level of uncertainty due to its inherent variability. In this paper, the method of concrete strength validation of finite element model using smart aggregate (SA)-based stress monitoring is proposed. The FE model was established using Open System for Earthquake Engineering Simulation (OpenSEES) platform. The concrete strengths obtained from the material test, peak stress of SA, and estimated concrete strength based on SA st
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16

Ju, Hyunjin, Chanseo Jung, and Hae-Chang Cho. "Strength Model for Prestressed Concrete Beams Subjected to Pure Torsion." Buildings 14, no. 9 (2024): 2690. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings14092690.

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A torsional strength model for prestressed concrete beams was proposed considering the initial crack angle, principal stress angle, and longitudinal strain, which are affected by the axial stress induced by the effective prestress. The use of the torsional effective thickness was also proposed to calculate the torsional strength of prestressed concrete beams by considering the effect of prestress. The shear element in the torsional member was simplified under the assumption that the principal tensile stress and principal compressive strain were negligible in the ultimate state. The torsional s
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17

Paul, Ranjan Kumar, and MD Borhan Uddin. "Estimation of reliability of stress-strength model with non-identical component strengths." Microelectronics Reliability 37, no. 6 (1997): 923–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0026-2714(94)00119-7.

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18

Mutkekar, Rohit R., and Surekha B. Munoli. "Estimation of Reliability for Stress-Strength Cascade Model." Open Journal of Statistics 06, no. 05 (2016): 873–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojs.2016.65072.

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19

Cusson, Daniel, and Patrick Paultre. "Stress-Strain Model for Confined High-Strength Concrete." Journal of Structural Engineering 121, no. 3 (1995): 468–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(1995)121:3(468).

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20

Ahmed, A. N., and A. A. Alzaid. "Weak association with a stress-strength model application." Statistics & Probability Letters 8, no. 1 (1989): 91–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-7152(89)90090-4.

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21

Wang, Bing Xing, Yanpeng Geng, and Jun Xing Zhou. "Inference for the generalized exponential stress-strength model." Applied Mathematical Modelling 53 (January 2018): 267–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apm.2017.09.012.

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22

Meng, Xian Hong, Yu Xian Zhang, and Jing Hai Zhou. "A Prediction Model of Concrete Fatigue Residual Strength." Advanced Materials Research 430-432 (January 2012): 1843–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.430-432.1843.

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A model of attenuation of residual strength with number of cycles has been founded .In this model the constant confined stress and maximum stress of fatigue loading are both considered. Based on the data of experiment, the coefficients of the model are determined. The model can be used to predict the residual life of specimen under biaxial compressive loading with constant confined stress.
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23

Levitin, Gregory, and Maxim Finkelstein. "A new stress–strength model for systems subject to stochastic shocks." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part O: Journal of Risk and Reliability 231, no. 2 (2017): 172–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748006x16689543.

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A new general approach for obtaining system survival probability under the Poisson shock process is suggested. It takes into account the explicitly defined distribution of shock magnitude (stress) and system strength deterioration caused by the previous shocks. The approach can be used for any form of stress distribution, strength deterioration function and stress–strength interplay model. Specifically, we use the contest success function to model the stress–strength interplay and a cumulative stress ratio form function to represent strength deterioration. Numerical examples illustrating the o
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24

Eryilmaz, Serkan. "On Stress-Strength Reliability with a Time-Dependent Strength." Journal of Quality and Reliability Engineering 2013 (June 5, 2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/417818.

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The study of stress-strength reliability in a time-dependent context needs to model at least one of the stress or strength quantities as dynamic. We study the stress-strength reliability for the case in which the strength of the system is decreasing in time and the stress remains fixed over time; that is, the strength of the system is modeled as a stochastic process and the stress is considered to be a usual random variable. We present stochastic ordering results among the lifetimes of the systems which have the same strength but are subjected to different stresses. Multicomponent form of the
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25

Yousef, Manal M., Aisha Fayomi, and Ehab M. Almetwally. "Simulation Techniques for Strength Component Partially Accelerated to Analyze Stress–Strength Model." Symmetry 15, no. 6 (2023): 1183. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym15061183.

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Based on independent progressive type-II censored samples from two-parameter Burr-type XII distributions, various point and interval estimators of δ=P(Y<X) were proposed when the strength variable was subjected to the step–stress partially accelerated life test. The point estimators computed were maximum likelihood and Bayesian under various symmetric and asymmetric loss functions. The interval estimations constructed were approximate, bootstrap-P, and bootstrap-T confidence intervals, and a Bayesian credible interval. A Markov Chain Monte Carlo approach using Gibbs sampling was designed to
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26

Liu, Xie Quan, Xin Hua Ni, Yun Ting Liu, and Bao Hong Han. "Mesomechanical Strength Model of Nano-Fibers Composite Ceramics." Solid State Phenomena 121-123 (March 2007): 1157–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.121-123.1157.

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Recent experiment showed that nano-fibers composite ceramics, fabricated through SHS process, can acquire high toughening and strengthening. Composite ceramics are mainly composed of fiber eutectic structures with random orientation, in which nanometer sized zirconia fibers are dispersed within the alumina matrix. First, it can be visualized that tensile force is transmitted from the matrix to the nano-fiber by means of shear stress that develop along the fiber- matrix interface. Then the mesomechanical strength model of the fiber eutectic structure is built. The longitudinal tensile stress of
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27

Alamri, Osama Abdulaziz, M. M. Abd El-Raouf, Eman Ahmed Ismail, et al. "Estimate Stress-Strength Reliability Model Using Rayleigh and Half-Normal Distribution." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2021 (July 5, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7653581.

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In the field of life testing, it is very important to study the reliability of any component under testing. One of the most important subjects is the “stress-strength reliability” term which always refers to the quantity P X > Y in any statistical literature. It resamples a system with random strength (X) that is subjected to a random strength (Y) such that a system fails in case the stress exceeds the strength. In this study, we consider stress-strength reliability where the strength (X) follows Rayleigh-half-normal distribution and stress ( Y 1 , Y 2 , Y 3 , and Y 4 ) follows Rayleigh-hal
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28

Chen, Pan, Changfu Wei, Jie Liu, and Tiantian Ma. "Strength Theory Model of Unsaturated Soils with Suction Stress Concept." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/756854.

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A theoretical model is developed for describing the strength property of unsaturated soils. The model is able to predict conveniently the strength changes of unsaturated soils undergoing repeated changes of water content. Suction stress is adopted in the new model in order to get the sound form of effective stress for unsaturated soils. The shear strength of unsaturated soils is dependent on its soil-moisture state based on the results of shear experiments. Hence, the parameters of this model are related tightly to hydraulic properties of unsaturated soils and the strength parameters of satura
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29

Jose, Joby K., and Drisya M. "Stress-Strength Reliability Estimation of Time-Dependent Models with Fixed Stress and Phase Type Strength Distribution." Revista Colombiana de Estadística 44, no. 1 (2021): 201–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/rce.v44n1.86519.

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The time-dependent stress-strength reliability models deal with systems whose strength or the stress imposed on it or both are time-dependent. In this paper, we consider time-dependent stress-strength reliability model which is subjected to constant stress and it causes a change in the strength of the system over each run of the system. Assuming a continuous phase- type distribution for the initial strength and exponential distribution for the duration of each run of the system called cycle time we derived the expression for the stress-strength reliability of the system at time t. The model is
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30

Zaidi, Kaleem A., Umesh K. Sharma, N. M. Bhandari, and P. Bhargava. "Postheated Model of Confined High Strength Fibrous Concrete." Advances in Civil Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5659817.

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HSC normally suffers from low stiffness and poor strain capacity after exposure to high temperature. High strength confined fibrous concrete (HSCFC) is being used in industrial structures and other high rise buildings that may be subjected to high temperature during operation or in case of an accidental fire. The proper understanding of the effect of elevated temperature on the stress-strain relationship of HSCFC is necessary for the assessment of structural safety. Further stress-strain model of HSCFC after exposure to high temperature is scarce in literature. Experimental results are used to
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31

Xie, Li Yang, and Wen Qiang Lin. "A Statistically Load-Weighted Probabilistic Fatigue Life Model." Advanced Materials Research 44-46 (June 2008): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.44-46.51.

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By interpreting traditional stress-strength interference model as a statistical average of the probability that strength (a random variable) is greater than stress (another random variable) over its whole distribution range, the same model configuration, which was conventionally applied only to the case of same system-of-units parameters (e.g., stress and strength, both are measured in MPa), was applied to more general situation of different system-of-units parameters. That is to say, the traditional model was extended to more general situations of any two variables, as long as one of the vari
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32

Diboune, Nadia, Mohammed Berradia, and Sarra Sendjasni. "Design-oriented stress-strain model for short concrete columns wrapped with FRP sheets." STUDIES IN ENGINEERING AND EXACT SCIENCES 5, no. 2 (2024): e8533. http://dx.doi.org/10.54021/seesv5n2-281.

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Previous studies have presented models aimed at predicting the axial stress-strain behavior of circular concrete columns wrapped with carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP). The majority of these models were developed based on normal strength concrete (NSC) with strengths below 50 MPa. Moreover, several of these models relied on a limited experimental database. In this study, a large collection of experimental data was gathered, including 310 concrete columns confined with CFRP wraps. This database comprised test results for unconfined concrete with a compressive strength ranging from 19.7 to
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33

Sony, Mekala, and Dr P. R. Jayashree. "Bayesian Estimation of Exponentiated Exponential Strength and Exponentiated Weibull Stress Reliability Model for Real Data." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 11 (2023): 424–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.56502.

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Stress-strength reliability is an important concept in reliability analysis, quantifies the probability that the strength of a system surpasses its applied stress. This paper focuses on the reliability analysis for exponentiated exponential distribution strength variable and the exponentiated Weibull distribution stress variable. The study explores the estimation of the parameters in stress-strength reliability model using maximum likelihood estimation and Bayesian estimation. In particular, the Bayesian estimator of stress-strength reliability is obtained by utilizing Lindley’s approximation
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34

Huddleston, R. L. "An Improved Multiaxial Creep-Rupture Strength Criterion." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 107, no. 4 (1985): 421–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3264476.

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An improved strength model is developed for predicting creep rupture under multiaxial stress states. The new model incorporates three independent stress parameters and distinguishes between life under tensile versus compressive stress states. Assessments of the new model based on experimental biaxial creep-rupture data for type 304 stainless steel tested at 593°C show the new model to be significantly more accurate than the classical criteria of von Mises, Tresca, or Rankine.
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35

Wang, Junrui, and Rongfang Yan. "Based Copula Reliability Estimation with Stress-Strength Model for Bivariate Stress under Progressive Type II Censoring." Symmetry 16, no. 3 (2024): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym16030265.

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This study investigates the dependence between stress and component strength in a stress–strength model with bivariate stresses by incorporating a specialized Archimedean copula, specifically the 3-dimensional Clayton copula. Diverging from prior research, we consider a scenario where two stresses simultaneously influence the component strength, enhancing the realism of our model. Initially, dependent parameter estimates were obtained through moment estimation. Subsequently, maximum likelihood estimation and Bayesian estimation were employed to acquire point and interval estimates for the mode
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36

HALDER, Soumik, and M. Mriganka CHOUDHURY. "Estimation of multi-component stress-strength model based on geometric upper record values." Asian Journal of Statistics and Applications 2, no. 1 (2025): 15–31. https://doi.org/10.47509/ajsa.2025.v02i01.02.

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Stress-strength models have special importance in reliability literature and engineering applications. This paper consists of the estimation problem of a stress-strength model with a multi-component system, i.e., a system that can be regarded to be alive if at least s out of k (s ≤ k) strength components exceed the stress component. The reliability of such a system has been obtained when both the stress and the strength variables have Geometric distributions. UMVUE of Rs,k is obtained based on upper record values. Bayesian estimators under the squared error loss function using the conjugate be
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37

DENG, ShuXin, YongLai ZHENG, and CuiZhou YUE. "Strength model and mesoscopic mechanism of intermediate principal stress effect on rock strength." SCIENTIA SINICA Technologica 47, no. 3 (2017): 306–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1360/n092016-00279.

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38

Kang, Sang Gil, Woo Dong Lee, and Yongku Kim. "Objective Bayesian analysis for generalized exponential stress–strength model." Computational Statistics 36, no. 3 (2021): 2079–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00180-021-01083-6.

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39

Chen, Jinyuan, and Conghua Cheng. "Reliability of stress–strength model for exponentiated Pareto distributions." Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation 87, no. 4 (2016): 791–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00949655.2016.1226309.

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40

Wang, J. D., and T. S. Liu. "Fuzzy reliability using a discrete stress-strength interference model." IEEE Transactions on Reliability 45, no. 1 (1996): 145–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/24.488933.

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41

Abbas, Kamran, and Yincai Tang. "Objective Bayesian analysis of the Frechet stress–strength model." Statistics & Probability Letters 84 (January 2014): 169–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.spl.2013.09.014.

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42

Miller, Scott A., and Andris Freivalds. "A stress-strength interference model for predicting CTD probabilities." International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics 15, no. 6 (1995): 447–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-8141(94)00063-9.

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43

Borhan Uddin, Md, M. Pandey, J. Ferdous, and M. R. Bhuiyan. "Estimation of reliability in a multicomponent stress-strength model." Microelectronics Reliability 33, no. 13 (1993): 2043–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0026-2714(93)90362-3.

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44

Choi, In Kyeong. "Estimation of system reliability for redundant stress-strength model." Korean Journal of Computational & Applied Mathematics 5, no. 2 (1998): 235–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03008909.

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45

Wang, J. D., and T. S. Liu. "A discrete stress-strength interference model for unreliability bounds." Reliability Engineering & System Safety 44, no. 2 (1994): 125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0951-8320(94)90003-5.

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46

Riad, Fathy H., Mohammad Mehdi Saber, Mehrdad Taghipour, and M. M. Abd El-Raouf. "Classical and Bayesian Inference of Conditional Stress-Strength Model under Kumaraswamy Distribution." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2021 (July 30, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1087871.

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Stress-strength models have been frequently studied in recent years. An applicable extension of these models is conditional stress-strength models. The maximum likelihood estimator of conditional stress-strength models, asymptotic distribution of this estimator, and its confidence intervals are obtained for Kumaraswamy distribution. In addition, Bayesian estimation and bootstrap method are applied to the model.
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47

Rao, G. Srinivasa, Fiaz Ahmad Bhatti, Muhammad Aslam, and Mohammed Albassam. "Estimation of Reliability in a Multicomponent Stress–Strength System for the Exponentiated Moment-Based Exponential Distribution." Algorithms 12, no. 12 (2019): 246. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a12120246.

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A multicomponent system of k components with independent and identically distributed random strengths X 1 , X 2 , … X k , with each component undergoing random stress, is in working condition if and only if at least s out of k strengths exceed the subjected stress. Reliability is measured while strength and stress are obtained through a process following an exponentiated moment-based exponential distribution with different shape parameters. Reliability is gauged from the samples using maximum likelihood (ML) on the computed distributions of strength and stress. Asymptotic estimates of reliabil
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48

Guo, Hui Xin, Xiao Bin Pang, Xin Fa Yang, and Li Zhi Cheng. "Discrete Interval-Valued Stress-Strength Interference Model Based on the Extended Universal Generating Function." Applied Mechanics and Materials 246-247 (December 2012): 441–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.246-247.441.

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A new approach was proposed to estimate the reliability of a machine component when the probability density functions of stress and strength can not be exactly determined or only finite experiment data of stress and strength are available. The conventional universal generating function was introduced and then it was extended to represent the discrete interval-valued random variable. The experimental data of stress and strength were formulated as two discrete interval-valued random variables. Based on the extended universal generating function, a discrete interval-valued stress-strength interfe
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49

Xia, Chengdong, Songtao Lv, Lingyun You, Dong Chen, Yipeng Li, and Jianlong Zheng. "Unified Strength Model of Asphalt Mixture under Various Loading Modes." Materials 12, no. 6 (2019): 889. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12060889.

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Although the rutting resistance, fatigue cracking, and the resistance to water and frost are important for the asphalt pavement, the strength of asphalt mixture is also an important factor for the asphalt mixture design. The strength of asphalt mixture is directly associated with the overall performance of asphalt mixture. As a top layer material of asphalt pavement, the strength of asphalt mixture plays an indispensable role in the top structural bearing layer. In the present design system, the strength of asphalt pavement is usually achieved via the laboratory tests. The stress states are us
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50

Long, Leland Timothy. "A Model for Major Intraplate Continental Earthquakes." Seismological Research Letters 59, no. 4 (1988): 273–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.59.4.273.

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Abstract Traditional paradigms of continental seismicity assert the stationarity of the earthquake process and a causal association of earthquakes with active faults, increasing levels of stress, and crustal structures, in a framework of Plate Tectonics. I propose, instead, that the seismicity associated with a magnitude six or greater intraplate continental earthquake is a transient phenomenon responding to a perturbation in crustal strength independent of existing faults and crustal structures. Regional plate stress may still provide the driving energy, but the causative stress is released b
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