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1
Gerome, Rebecca. "Introductory Remarks by Rebecca Gerome." Proceedings of the ASIL Annual Meeting 113 (2019): 171–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/amp.2019.161.
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If you follow the news, you might think that international disarmament law and policy have not been successful at preventing atrocities. Tuesday marked the fifth year of the war in Yemen. That same day, a Save the Children hospital was hit by a deadly air strike. Yesterday, the commander of U.S. forces in South Korea informed Congress that North Korea's actions are inconsistent with nuclear disarmament.
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Harrison, S. J. "Augustus, the Poets, and the Spolia Opima." Classical Quarterly 39, no. 2 (December 1989): 408–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009838800037472.
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The winning of the ultimate military honour of spolia opima, spoils taken personally from an enemy commander killed by a Roman commander, traditionally occurred only three times in Roman history, the winners being Romulus in the legendary period, A. Cornelius Cossus in either 437 or 426 and M. Claudius Marcellus in 222 B.C.1 The dedication-place of these special spoils was the temple of Jupiter Feretrius on the Capitol, traditionally founded by Romulus for the purpose, and considered the oldest temple in Rome (Livy 1.10.7): the god was said to draw his name either from the fact that the spolia opima were carried (ferre) up to the Capitol by the victorious general in person, or from the fact that the general had to strike down(ferire) his opposite number before such spoils could be won.
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BO, Zhiyue. "Xi Jinping's Generals." East Asian Policy 06, no. 04 (October 2014): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793930514000415.
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Since he became commander-in-chief in November 2012, Xi Jinping has promoted altogether 11 generals in three batches. The promotion of the third batch came in the shadow of expelling Xu Caihou, former vice chairman of the Central Military Commission and Politburo member, from the Party. In the future, Xi Jinping will have to strike a balance between the anti-corruption campaign in the military and the establishment of a core support group in the People's Liberation Army.
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Mitsuhara, Hiroyuki, Keisuke Iguchi, and Masami Shishibori. "Using Digital Game, Augmented Reality, and Head Mounted Displays for Immediate-Action Commander Training." International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET) 12, no. 02 (February 28, 2017): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v12i02.6303.
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Disaster education focusing on how we should take immediate actions after disasters strike is essential to protect our lives. However, children find it difficult to understand such disaster education. Instead of disaster education to children, adults should properly instruct them to take immediate actions in the event of a disaster. We refer to such adults as Immediate-Action Commanders (IACers) and attach importance to technology-enhanced IACer training programs with high situational and audio-visual realities. To realize such programs, we focused on digital game, augmented reality (AR) and head-mounted displays (HMDs). We prototyped three AR systems that superimpose interactive virtual objects onto HMDs’ real-time vision or a trainee’s actual view based on interactive fictional scenarios. In addition, the systems are designed to realize voice-based interactions between the virtual objects (i.e., virtual children) and the trainee. According to a brief comparative survey, the AR system equipped with a smartphone-based binocular opaque HMD (Google Cardboard) has the most promising practical system for technology-enhanced IACer training programs.
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Khudyakov, Yu S., and K. T. Akmatov. "Ornamental Mace as a Strike Weapon and Symbol of Power of a Military Commander of the Tian Shan Kyrgyz." Archaeology and Ethnography 18, no. 3 (2019): 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2019-18-3-137-145.
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Purpose. We analyzed an extremely rare finding of a mace with a small ornamental iron battle top fastened to a long wooden handle. This mace is a part of a collection of armament objects acquired by museum workers in the course of expeditions on the territory of Kyrgyzstan over the past decades. At present, this collection is stored in the Russian Museum of Ethnography in Saint Petersburg. During the previous historical period, when museum workers had been searching and gathering objects of traditional culture of different peoples on the territory of Central Asia, that finding was acquired together with other characteristic objects of traditional cultures from that region on the territory of Kyrgyzstan. Firstly, it was stored in the Museum of the Peoples of the USSR. We aimed at dating the artifact and identifying its purpose. Conclusion. We traced primary events in the history of studying different types of close combat strike weapons which were used by Kyrgyz warriors in Tian Shan during the Late Middle Ages and New Time. A result of the research conducted is a description of the ornamental iron battle top and the wooden handle of this mace decorated with carved rhomb ornaments. We date the artifact as belonging to the period of Late Middle Ages – New Time. According to the terms used for such types of weapons, the mace could have been used as a striking weapon; however, it its ornamental battle top is of a smaller size than that of traditional maces, so it could have been used as a symbol of power. Results. We conclude that this mace could have been a strike weapon in the course of close and hand-to-hand combats led by Kyrgyz warriors, but also it could have been used as a symbol of power by military commanders of the Kyrgyz forces.
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NISTORESCU, Claudiu Valer. "MISSION COMMAND – AN ESSENTIAL REQUIREMENT TO ACCOMPLISH THE MISSION." STRATEGIES XXI - Command and Staff College 17, no. 1 (July 23, 2021): 198–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.53477/2668-2028-21-24.
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Abstract: Today’s conflicts generate a complexity of requirements including command and control challenges, deployment and maneuver issues, delivering superior firepower, ensuring appropriate sustainment and protection and others. Present battlefields as much as in the past impose a different philosophy of command. Uncertainty, ambiguity and frictions are inherent in combat and commanders have to express their initiative in order to exploit fleeting opportunities and strike enemy’s vulnerabilities. Therefore, an effective command way of thinking is needed. Mission command is the philosophy of command that gives commanders the authority to manifest and exercise their initiative in conducting military operations. The key in mission command philosophy is commanders’ clear intent and subordinate commanders’ willing to act.
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Savkov, P. A., I. V. Pampukha, M. M. Tsyba, and R. Yu Akimov. "DETERMINATION OF THREATS AND RISKS IN CONDITIONS OF COMBAT OPER-ATIONS BY USING GEOSPATIAL ANALYSIS AND TIME ANALYSIS." Collection of scientific works of the Military Institute of Kyiv National Taras Shevchenko University, no. 65 (2019): 78–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2519-481x/2019/65-10.
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The article proposes ways of identifying threats and risks during combat operations through the comprehensive application of geospatial analysis and time analysis. The most important criteria of the events under which the analysis is conducted to identify patterns in combat operations by a possible enemy are identified. Features of geospatial and time analysis of threats and risks are considered and its results are implemented in the geographical information software product ArcGIS Pro. As a result of the study, a method is proposed to systematize events occurring during combat operations and use this data in geospatial and time analysis to predict possible enemy behavior, which will allow the commander to attack before the opposing party can strike again at friendly forces at the location area. Geospatial and time analysis in the Model Builder geographical information application is aimed at identifying patterns in enemy attacks and includes: downloading statistics, converting the time field and creating a timeline, building multiple buffers, identifying with attribute sampling. Geoprocessing models help automate and document spatial analysis and data management processes. The model is presented in the form of a table diagram showing the sequence of processes and geoprocessing tools, the model uses sequential or parallel execution, as well as their possible combination. Criteria for detecting patterns include the local and global time of the attack, phase of the month, coordinates of attack in the Military Grid Reference System, type of attack, type of weapon. The starting materials for the analysis are information obtained from the United States Army's Worldwide Equipment Guide, 2010. The starting materials were systematized and distributed separately into branches of analysis. According to the results of the geospatial and time analysis, patterns and characteristics of enemy attacks were revealed. In this way, unit commanders receive credible information that they can use to identify potential threats and risks from the enemy and to plan their operations.
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Young, Ken. "A Most Special Relationship: The Origins of Anglo-American Nuclear Strike Planning." Journal of Cold War Studies 9, no. 2 (April 2007): 5–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws.2007.9.2.5.
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This article examines a hitherto unexplored aspect of the Anglo-American “special relationship,” the development of arrangements to coordinate U.S. and British forces in a joint nuclear strike against the Soviet Union. During the early Cold War, British political leaders and military officers struggled for a closer relationship with the U.S. Air Force in the hope of gaining greater insight into U.S. war plans, predicated as they were on nuclear strikes launched from bases in England. U.S. willingness to supply nuclear (and later thermo-nuclear) bombs for delivery by British bombers prompted bilateral talks from 1956 about their deployment in a joint air offensive. This prospective partnership raised difficult issues for the UK Air Staff, which was committed to the maintenance of an independent nuclear deterrent and countervalue rather than counterforce targeting. Nevertheless, the advantages of joint strike planning were such that by 1962 Bomber Command's planning had become fully integrated with that of Strategic Air Command.
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Triwiyanto, T., Moch Prastawa Assalim Tetra Putra, Priyambada Cahya Nugraha, Bambang Guruh Irianto, Syaifudin, Her Gumiwang Ariswati, and Laksamana Budi Pratama. "Design of Hand Exoskeleton for Paralysis with Voice Pattern Recognition Control." Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering 50 (April 2021): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jbbbe.50.51.
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The paralysis that occurs in the human limbs can be caused by strokes, injuries, age problems, and ligament damage. The purpose of this study is to design a hand exoskeleton as rehabilitation in patients who have had a stroke in hand. The contribution of this research is to design a hand exoskeleton with a control system to control mechanical movements using voice command so that it can be used by patients who have a stroke. To be used by patients who have a stroke, the researcher designed a control system using voice pattern recognition so that patients who have weak myoelectric signals can control the mechanics easily. This device uses the voice recognition module V3 as a voice command to control open and control close mechanical movements. This device is capable of recording and running commands directly by using the push button, which consists of a start, save, reset, open command record, and close command record. In the open command obtained an accuracy value of 97%, the close command obtained an accuracy value of 93%. The results showed that the voice commands given had an average accuracy rate of 95%. The results of this study can be implemented as a rehabilitation device for people who have had a stroke to try to mimic human hand movements.
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Santulli, Gaetano. "Stroke prevention: Learning from the master (and COMMANDER)." Science Translational Medicine 10, no. 459 (September 19, 2018): eaav0340. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.aav0340.
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Humayun, Qureshi, Yan Kui Wang, Wei Shi, and Qian Li. "Effect of Forebody Strakes on Wing Rock Motion on a Generic Wing-Body Configuration Having Chine Forebody." Applied Mechanics and Materials 390 (August 2013): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.390.48.
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Experimental investigations are carried out to study the effect of forebody strakes on the wing rock motion of wing-body configuration. The cross section of forebody is of a chine shape. The chine shaped forebodies have advantage over slender nose forebodies as they generate more lift due to stronger forebody vortex. At higher angle of attack, the vortex asymmetry and asymmetric break-down can lead to un-commanded motions like roll divergence, wing rock etc. Of the two strake configuration studied, one configuration has exhibited the potential to delay and suppress the onset of wing rock, thus enhancing the angle-of-attack range where, no observation of un-commanded lateral motions is observed.
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Hunter, Alex. "The Cycles of Defense Acquisition Reform and What Comes Next." Texas A&M Journal of Property Law 5, no. 1 (October 2018): 37–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/jpl.v5.i1.3.
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Many aspects of war and national defense appear to run in cycles. Indeed, the identification and explanation of these cycles is a favorite pastime of military scholars. Historians and political scientists characterize war as alternating cycles of offensive and defensive dominance. The idea of cyclicality may in fact be hardwired into academic discussions and understandings of war. For example, early war theorist Carl von Clausewitz described an ever-changing character of war undergirded by war’s fundamentally unchanging nature. Because the dominant theoretical understanding of war is that it holds a mixture of both fixed and constantly evolving elements, our concept of war may inherently lend itself to the idea of cycles. At the same time, however, the identification of cycles in war and national defense can be seen empirically. For example, the United States defense budget since World War II is notoriously cyclical, running through peaks and troughs in constant dollar terms roughly every fifteen to twenty years. Since peak defense funding periods do not always align with periods of war, it is not the dynamics of war alone that drive cyclical United States defense budgets but a mix of phenomena that includes economic cycles. Hence, in noting the cyclical nature of many aspects of defense, historians must further investigate to determine what dynamics and constraints may be at play in driving the cycle. While commercial technology continues as a driver of acquisition speed, especially for IT; the decentralization of acquisition decision- making and the delegation of decision authority to the military de- partments will likely encourage different priority balances to emerge in different sectors of the acquisition system. The delegation of acquisition authority to the United States Army has resulted in a significant internal reorganization of its acquisition functions. The Army is, for the first time, establishing a command focused on bringing together the wide variety of acquisition stake- holders in one structure, the Army Futures Command. Army Futures Command will bring the system for deciding requirements for new capabilities together with the acquisition process. In effect, the Army consolidates acquisition responsibilities within the service more closely under the control of the Army Chief of Staff, to whom the commander of Army Futures Command will report. The Army Futures Command will pursue a new modernization strategy, built around six major priorities, and hopes to significantly accelerate the delivery of new capability. By centralizing responsibility for requirements setting and acquisition execution in one command, the Army hopes to reduce the friction (and timespan) of coordinating across the Army’s multiple major communities. By contrast, the United States Air Force plans to extend its delegation of acquisition authority from OSD by redelegating this authority down to program executive officers and empowering program managers. This redelegation may reflect the relative maturity of the Air Force’s major programs, such as the KC-46 tanker and the B-21 bomber, where the high level strategic issues are decided (notably in both cases with cost control as the major priority), and the focus is on program execution. Matters of program execution are often best handled at the program level or as close to it as possible. However, less mature parts of the Air Force acquisition portfolio, such as recent efforts to design new systems for command and control and systems de- signed to approach space as a warfighting domain, may use the same decentralized authority to achieve different objectives. Notably, Air Force acquisition executive Will Roper is using the prototyping authority granted by Congress to rapidly demonstrate critical high-performance technologies, such as hypersonic strike systems called for in the National Defense Strategy. Decentralizing and distributing acquisition authority within military departments may lead to a variety of microcosms within the acquisition system where the balance of acquisition priorities is different. Other trends, however, will impact the acquisition system across its entire scope. Another major trend is the increasing functionality of weapon systems defined by software over hardware. The capability seen in the Air Force’s flight lines, in the Army’s motor pools, or in the Navy’s homeports is increasingly determined by lines of code rather than steel and aluminum. This trend has major implications for the acquisition system because it presents challenges to its basic structure, which was originally de- signed around an industrial production model. Software-defined systems break down the boundaries around which many organizations and processes are organized. Software-based systems don’t graduate from development to production to sustainment like hardware-based systems, presenting challenges to government budgeting mechanisms that are leading to calls for new funding categories that can deal with the iterative nature of software development and production. Consider the idea that a system which can send and receive electrons may serve many purposes, such as a communications device, a sensor, a weapon, and an electronic defense system. Software-based capabilities are steadily spreading, and they are a powerful reason why Under Secretary of Defense Ellen Lord appointed a special assistant, Jeff Boleng, for software acquisition. Boleng will “help oversee the development of software development policies and standards across DoD and offer advice on commercial software development best practices to Pentagon leadership . . . .” Perhaps the perfect embodiment of this trend towards software-driven capabilities is in artificial intelligence. How this trend will affect the balance of acquisition priorities in the future is difficult to predict, but one thing seems likely: change will remain dynamic rather than static, leading to continuous acquisition reform cycles for the years to come.
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Postelnicu, Cristian, Florin Barbuceanu, Tudor Topoleanu, and Doru Talaba. "EOG-Based Interface for Manipulation Tasks." Applied Mechanics and Materials 162 (March 2012): 537–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.162.537.
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Recently human-robot interaction (HRI) has become a highly researched topic in robotics, especially in assistive robotics systems. A category of persons that require special attention is represented by the disabled people. For persons suffering of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or brainstem stroke there are a few available interfaces among which is electrooculography (EOG) that offers an alternative communication channel. In this paper is proposed a paradigm for sending manipulation commands to a virtual robotic arm. A manipulation task is defined by three coordinates in space, the rest of the process being automatically executed. The users are asked to complete a simple task such as pour water into a glass from a bottle by activating the manipulation command.
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Dai, Yingcong. "A Disguised Defeat: The Myanmar Campaign of the Qing Dynasty." Modern Asian Studies 38, no. 1 (February 2004): 145–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x04001040.
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The Qing Myanmar campaign (1765-1770) was the most disastrous frontier war that the Qing dynasty had ever waged. In the beginning, the Qianlong emperor (r. 1735-1795) of the Qing dynasty had envisaged winning this war in one easy stroke, as he deemed Myanmar no more than a remote barbarian tribe without any power. But he was wrong. After the Green Standard troops in Yunnan failed to bring the Myanmar to their knees, Qianlong sent his elite Manchu troops in. A regional conflict was thus escalated into a major frontier war that involved military maneuvers nationwide. At the front, the Manchu Bannermen had to deal with the unfamiliar tropical jungles and swamps, and above all, the lethal endemic diseases. Not only did one after another commander-in-chief of the Qing dynasty fail to conquer Myanmar, but the Qing troops also suffered extremely heavy casualties. After a gruelling four-year campaign, a truce was reached by the field commanders of the two sides at the end of 1769 with the Qing invading expedition failing to conquer Myanmar and withdrawing in disarray. To rehabilitate itself, the Qing dynasty kept a heavy military lineup in the border areas of Yunnan for about one decade in an attempt to wage another war while imposing a ban on inter-border trade for two decades.
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Argantos, Argantos, and James A.P. Tangkudung. "TEACHING METHODS OF PRACTICE STYLE AND COMMAND STYLE IN IMPROVING THE SKILL OF BUTTERFLY STROKE." JIPES - JOURNAL OF INDONESIAN PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORT 1, no. 1 (June 30, 2015): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/jipes.011.04.
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The objective of this research is to find out different impacts of the teaching methods; practice style and command style. This research is conducted in the Faculty of Sports Science, State University of Padang during the academic year of 2010/2011. The applied research method is an experimental method. The sample consists of 40 (college) students who are divided into 4 groups of 10 persons. The data analysis technique is performed by a two-ways variance analysis followed by the tukey test at the significance level = 0, 05. The results of this research are: 1) in all aspects, the skill of butterfly stroke by the teaching method of command style is better than the practice style, 2) for the students with high motor skills, the skill of butterfly stroke by the teaching method of practice style is better than the command style, and 3) for the students with low motor skills, the skill of butterfly stroke by the teaching method of command style is better than the practice style. Keywords: teaching methods of practice style and command style; motoric abilities; the skill of butterfly stroke.
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Saravanan, P., E. Sri Ram, Saikishor Jangiti, E. Ponmani, Logesh Ravi, and V. Subramaniyaswamy. "Ensemble Gaussian mixture model-based special voice command cognitive computing intelligent system." Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems 39, no. 6 (December 4, 2020): 8181–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jifs-189139.
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Dysarthria is a speech disorder caused by stroke, Parkinson’s disease, neurological injury, or tumors that damage the nervous system and weaken the speech quality. Developing a unique voice command system for Dysarthric speech helps to recognize impaired speech and convert them into text or input commands. Hidden Markov Model (HMM) is one of the widely used generative model-based classifiers for Dysarthric speech recognition. But due to insufficient training data, HMM doesn’t provide optimal results on overlapping classes. We propose an ensemble Gaussian mixture model to recognize impaired speech more accurately. Our model converts the sequence of feature vectors into a fixed dimensional representation of patterns with varying lengths. The performance efficiency of the proposed model is evaluated on the Dysarthric UA-speech benchmark dataset. The discriminatory information provided by the proposed approach yields better classification accuracy even for shallow intelligibility words compared to conventional HMM.
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Campagnini, Kathryn, and Tim Gunter. "Creation of National Strike Force Center of Expertise: U. S. Coast Guard Deployable Specialized Forces “Stem-to-Stern” Review." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2017, no. 1 (May 1, 2017): 2527–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2017.1.2527.
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Abstract The United States Coast Guard conducted a review of the National Strike Force’s alignment with the Coast Guard organization following direction from Admiral Papp, Commandant of the Coast Guard, for a “Stem to Stern” review of all Deployable Specialized Forces. The Deployable Specialized Force program and its support structure has made significant progress building and sustaining a highly specialized community. Some of these successes include the Incident Management Assist Team. The full purpose and integration of all Deployable Specialized Force units has still not completely achieved full operational capability. One of the recommended courses of action for Coast Guard Deployable Specialized Forces is to maintain proficiency and provide value across the Coast Guard’s mission spectrum included: Establish Centers of Expertise for disaster/incident response with functionality to include standardization teams, external assessment, and Tactics, Techniques and Policy integration. The review concluded that a separate unit should be established to conduct third party assessment of the National Strike Forces’ three Strike Teams. As a result, the National Strike Force Center of Expertise was created under the oversight of the Coast Guard Force Readiness Command. This paper will review the reasons for creation of the National Strike Force Center of Expertise and why it was placed under the Coast Guard Force Readiness Command as a detachment of Training Center Yorktown. Several functional statements of the National Strike Force Center of Expertise will be presented regarding managing environmental response and equipment standardization among the Strike Teams and how the National Strike Force Center of Expertise concept of operations will support future progress for the NSF mission.
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Mehra, Mandeep R., Muthiah Vaduganathan, Min Fu, João Pedro Ferreira, Stefan D. Anker, John G. F. Cleland, Carolyn S. P. Lam, et al. "A comprehensive analysis of the effects of rivaroxaban on stroke or transient ischaemic attack in patients with heart failure, coronary artery disease, and sinus rhythm: the COMMANDER HF trial." European Heart Journal 40, no. 44 (June 25, 2019): 3593–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehz427.
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Abstract Aims Stroke is often a devastating event among patients with heart failure with reduced ejection (HFrEF). In COMMANDER HF, rivaroxaban 2.5 mg b.i.d. did not reduce the composite of first occurrence of death, stroke, or myocardial infarction compared with placebo in patients with HFrEF, coronary artery disease (CAD), and sinus rhythm. We now examine the incidence, timing, type, severity, and predictors of stroke or a transient ischaemic attack (TIA), and seek to establish the net clinical benefit of treatment with low-dose rivaroxaban. Methods and results In this double-blind, randomized trial, 5022 patients who had HFrEF(≤40%), elevated natriuretic peptides, CAD, and who were in sinus rhythm were treated with rivaroxaban 2.5 mg b.i.d. or placebo in addition to antiplatelet therapy, after an episode of worsening HF. The primary neurological outcome for this post hoc analysis was time to first event of any stroke or TIA. Over a median follow-up of 20.5 (25th–75th percentiles 20.0–20.9) months, 150 all-cause stroke (127) or TIA (23) events occurred (ischaemic stroke in 82% and haemorrhagic stroke in 11% of stroke events). Overall, 47.5% of first-time strokes were either disabling (16.5%) or fatal (31%). Prior stroke, low body mass index, geographic region, and the CHA2DS2-VASc score were predictors of stroke/TIA. Rivaroxaban significantly reduced the primary neurological endpoint of all-cause stroke or TIA compared with placebo by 32% (1.29 events vs. 1.90 events per 100 patient-years), adjusted for the time from index HF event to randomization and stratified by geographic region (adjusted hazard ratio 0.68, 95% confidence interval 0.49–0.94), with a number needed to treat of 164 patients per year to prevent one stroke/TIA event. The principal safety endpoint of fatal bleeding or bleeding into a critical space, occurred at a similar rate on rivaroxaban and placebo (0.44 events vs. 0.55 events per 100 patient-years). Conclusions Patients with HFrEF and CAD are at risk for stroke or TIA in the period following an episode of worsening heart failure in the absence of atrial fibrillation. Most strokes are of ischaemic origin and nearly half are either disabling or fatal. Rivaroxaban at a dose of 2.5 mg b.i.d. reduced rates of stroke or TIA compared with placebo in this population. Trial Registration COMMANDER HF (A Study to Assess the Effectiveness and Safety of Rivaroxaban in Reducing the Risk of Death, Myocardial Infarction, or Stroke in Participants with Heart Failure and Coronary Artery Disease Following an Episode of Decompensated Heart Failure); ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01877915.
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Mikell, Charles B., Garrett P. Banks, Hans-Peter Frey, Brett E. Youngerman, Taylor B. Nelp, Patrick J. Karas, Andrew K. Chan, Henning U. Voss, E. Sander Connolly, and Jan Claassen. "Frontal Networks Associated With Command Following After Hemorrhagic Stroke." Stroke 46, no. 1 (January 2015): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.114.007645.
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Malone, Thomas B. "Integrated Human Factors in the Naval Sea Systems Command." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 33, no. 16 (October 1989): 1039–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128903301601.
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The Navy ship constitutes one of the most complex weapon systems in the US defense arsenal. It is a multi-personnel system which conducts multi-operations in multi-warfare environments (AAW, ASW, ASUW, EW and strike), as an independent combatant, a member of a squadron, or an element of a battle force. The demands on the ship design from a human factors point of view are unique in the breadth of their scope and the depth of requirements. This paper describes the status of the Integrated Human Factors Program in the Naval Sea Systems Command including the Program objectives, accomplishments, research thrusts, and plans.
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Herashchenko, M., S. Nesterenko, O. Isachenko, A. Los, and O. Siryk. "THE MODELS OF AUTO TARGETING STRIKE UAV AT THE MOVING TARGET." Наукові праці Державного науково-дослідного інституту випробувань і сертифікації озброєння та військової техніки, no. 8 (June 29, 2021): 20–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.37701/dndivsovt.8.2021.03.
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A special kind of use of UAVs as transport is their use to deliver the destruction means to the target on the battlefield, i.e. as strike unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), capable to inflict missile and bomb strikes on the enemy.
Of particular interest are such drones, which do not require constant aiming at the target by the flight operator (ground pilot) with the help of a video transmitting system, but are targeted independently. Such UAVs have onboard a target sighting sensor (coordinator), with which the onboard control system determines the angular position of the target relative to the UAV. It is necessary to determine the most optimal targeting algorithms to be used in onboard control systems.
UAVs due to the successful combination of cheap goods, technological availability and availability of other technical indicators (load capacity, efficiency and duration of flight, maneuverability) can be used as vehicles for cargo delivery. For example, UAVs are used to deliver ammunition and medicine to victims.
The mechanism of the primary notification to the on-board control system of the UAV of the coordinates of the target to be hit, ie the task of "primary targeting", remains not completely solved by the technical and organizational task when using strike UAVs. Targeting methods using the on-board video broadcast system and direct commands of the ground pilot require, firstly, the installation of appropriate payload on board with an understanding of the loss of this equipment in combat use of UAVs, and secondly, effective avoidance of radio suppression by the enemy.
The article presents the results of modeling with the help of Simulink models of the processes of guidance of a strike UAV with targeting on a moving aim by two methods: direct guidance and dynamic bias. The trajectories of UAV flights during diving to the target were obtained. The changes in the main working parameters during the guidance process were obtained as well. The conclusion about the advantage of the method of dynamic bias is made.
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Jeong, Choong Pyo, Dong Hwan Shin, Tae Sang Park, Jung Hyun Choi, Jeon Il Moon, and Seung Han Yang. "Study of Adjusted Rapid Upper Limb Assessment for Evaluating of Rehabilitation Effects." Key Engineering Materials 625 (August 2014): 644–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.625.644.
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As it is well-known, the stroke is known to be a cerebrovascular disease due to circulation disorders. Physical disabilities do remain due to nerve damages after strokes occur. These physical disabilities of the patient can be reduced by the rehabilitation treatment. This effect of rehabilitation appears with improvements of motor function. In order to evaluate the improvements of this motor function, therapists have used Fugl-Meyer assessment method (FMA). FMA method consists of fifty command motions such as thirty three command motions for motor function’s assessment of upper limbs and seventeen command motions for lower limbs. Further FMA method suggests three scores per each command motions. So to speak, in the FMA method, if the patients perform perfectly a given command motion, then they receive 2 points in a given command motion. Also if the patients cannot perform, they receive 0 point. Finally, if the patients perform partially, they receive 1 point. FMA method has a limit that cannot suggest exact assessments of the recovering patients. For the example, improvements of motor function of a patient cannot be evaluated from the initial stroke to full recovery. So it is hard to accurate diagnosis about patient's improvement. On the other hands, rapid upper limb assessment (RULA) method is suggested to evaluate the fatigue of muscle in a working environment. This RULA method suggests more detailed and quantitative assessment with diagnostic approaches than FMA method.
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Li, Qiang, Changhai Yang, Zhao Zhang, Xi Wang, Yongjian Gong, and Cuixian Xuan. "Features from a Single Vector Pressure Stroke." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5636913.
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Freehand sketching in a real-time 3D styling system presents a different way to create a 3D model from the traditional CAD system. Strokes are the most common and useful objects in the expression of a stylist’s intention by using the gesture commands and in the construction of geometries. Not only are they sketched freely as drawing on a paper with a pen, but also they can be converted automatically into spline curves and then can be used to form a surface. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the features of stroke, the extraction and identification of these features, and the applications. Here, the features from a single vector pressure stroke have been discussed in detail according to their applications in an automotive freehand styling system in the early stage of conceptual design. The features have been divided into three parts: the input features, the calculable feature, and the added features. Over a hundred features have been defined and classified with the geometry or performance attributes. The features proposed have been applied in the identification of gesture commands, the expression of art vector stroke by pseudoantialiasing method, and a novel method to generate a spatial curve directly by the pressure of stroke in AutoSketch system.
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Zeleňák, Kamil, Antonín Krajina, Lukas Meyer, Jens Fiehler, Daniel Behme, Deniz Bulja, Jildaz Caroff, et al. "How to Improve the Management of Acute Ischemic Stroke by Modern Technologies, Artificial Intelligence, and New Treatment Methods." Life 11, no. 6 (May 27, 2021): 488. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11060488.
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Stroke remains one of the leading causes of death and disability in Europe. The European Stroke Action Plan (ESAP) defines four main targets for the years 2018 to 2030. The COVID-19 pandemic forced the use of innovative technologies and created pressure to improve internet networks. Moreover, 5G internet network will be helpful for the transfer and collecting of extremely big databases. Nowadays, the speed of internet connection is a limiting factor for robotic systems, which can be controlled and commanded potentially from various places in the world. Innovative technologies can be implemented for acute stroke patient management soon. Artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics are used increasingly often without the exception of medicine. Their implementation can be achieved in every level of stroke care. In this article, all steps of stroke health care processes are discussed in terms of how to improve them (including prehospital diagnosis, consultation, transfer of the patient, diagnosis, techniques of the treatment as well as rehabilitation and usage of AI). New ethical problems have also been discovered. Everything must be aligned to the concept of “time is brain”.
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Anderson, Eric, Chris Galagan, Eoin Howlett, and Donald S. Jensen. "OSC2: A Combined ICS Forms, Database, and Trajectory Model System." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1999, no. 1 (March 1, 1999): 873–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1999-1-873.
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ABSTRACT The On-Scene Command and Control (OSC2) system has been developed for the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) under the direction of Headquarters (HQ), Research & Development (R&D) Center, and National Strike Force. The prototype system is now being used by the Atlantic Strike Team (AST) for PREP government-led area exercise use in an evaluation program. The OSC2 system manages the Incident Command System (ICS) forms, an underlying data base of spill response resources, and an oil spill model system, complete with a GIS user interface. An underlying geographic database contains vector maps of the land and water masses and raster marine charts. ICS Divisions/Groups and their Locations are mapped onto this geographic view. Resource allocations can be viewed and changes made both through the map view and the ICS forms view. The system keeps a history of all status changes. The strengths of the system are its adherence to ICS methodology, its complete underlying database structure, and its versatility in combining the map view and the data base view of the response situation and management. The system enables a complete and consistent review of all planned resource allocation for a spill or exercise.
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Wirenius, John F. "“Command and Coercion”: Clerical Immunity, Scandal, and the Sex Abuse Crisis in the Roman Catholic Church." Journal of Law and Religion 27, no. 2 (January 2012): 423–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0748081400000448.
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On December 29, 1170, in the late afternoon (and thus after the main meal of the day but shortly before vespers), four knights entered Canterbury Cathedral. Impelled, as far as history knows, by the angry words of King Henry II, “will no one rid me of this turbulent priest,” they had come to confront Archbishop Thomas Becket and win King Henry's favor by forcing the long-simmering dispute between Becket and his king to some final resolution. When the Archbishop refused their conflicting demands and reacted with scorn to their insults, the knights withdrew, only to arm themselves and follow Becket into the cathedral. As the traditional account has it:[t]he bell for vespers began to sound, and the archbishop, with his cross borne in front of him, made his way in as usual into the cathedral. Hardly had he reached the ascent to the choir than the noise of armed men and the shout of the knights announced that the pursuers were at hand. “Where is the archbishop, where is the traitor?” resounded through the hollow aisles, mingling strangely with the recitation of the psalms in the choir. Becket, hearing this, turned back a few steps, and calmly awaited their approach in the corner of the northern transept before the little altar of S[t .] Benedict. “Here,” he cried, “is the archbishop—no traitor, but a priest of God.” Awed by his demeanor, and perhaps by the sanctity of the place, no one dared strike. A parley began. They sought to lash their failing courage into action by words. A hasty and insulting epithet gave Fitz Urse the opportunity he wanted. A blow aimed at the archbishop's head only knocked his skull-cap to the ground, but it was enough to loose the bandogs of hell. A stroke from Tracy cut off the tonsured back of [Becket's] skull, another from Brito brought him to his knees.
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Zhang, Xiao Nan, Jun Feng Yang, Si Liang Du, and Jun Zhi. "Damage Assessment of the Attacked Airports Based on Image Analysis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 321-324 (June 2013): 1168–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.321-324.1168.
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Battle Damage Assessment (BDA) is to assess the damage degree of enemy’s target after being attacked. In modern war, combat commanders always make decision on the basis of BDA. In this paper, an automatic method for assessing the damage extent of an attacked airport based on the image taken before and after a strike is described. Firstly, the airport blockade condition is analyzed and damage assessment criteria of airport are proposed. Secondly, three steps of the image information pretreatment are carried out and a reliability analysis method of image information is proposed. Lastly, damage assessment result is calculated to verify the validity and availability of the proposed method.
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SURYANI, YUNITA. "TUTURAN PENDERITA AFASIA BROCA PASCA STROKE." Sasando : Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra Indonesia, dan Pengajarannya Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat Universitas Pancasakti Tegal 2, no. 2 (October 15, 2019): 254–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.24905/sasando.v2i2.71.
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Speech sufferers of post-stroke of broca’s aphasia is the language ability of brain injury sufferers. Brain injury or aphasia in stroke sufferers can be in the form of blocked arteries or ischemic and ruptured blood vessels or called hemorrhagic. In this study, focused on hemorrhagic type post-stroke aphasia sufferers. Post-stroke sufferers experience changes in behavior, one of the changes is a change in language or in this study stated by speech when communicating. The field of study of this research is pragmatics, namely pragmatically describing speech of aphasia sufferers after stroke which includes the ability to state the truth (representative), the ability to rule (directive), the ability to say thank you, praise, complain, blame, and congratulate (expressive), the ability to carry out commands (commissive), and the ability to decide, cancel, prohibit, permit, grant, request an explanation (declarative).
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Oktar, Hatice Nur, and Habibe Serap Inal. "Efficacy of mirror therapy for improving unimanual motor skills in chronic stroke patients: A case series." Physiotherapy Practice and Research 41, no. 2 (January 11, 2021): 163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ppr-190379.
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BACKGROUND: Unimanual activities are suggested as an effective intervention for the moderately or severely affected chronic stroke patients and bimanual activities for mildly affected cases in mirror therapy. OBJECTIVE: To observe the feasibility of unimanual mirror therapy to improve the motor skills of the effected hand in mild chronic stroke patients. METHODS: In this is case series study, n = 20 mildly affected chronic stroke patients were screened for participation in a nursing home setting. They were 45–60 years of stroke included ischemia (n = 3) and aneurysm (n = 1) of anterior cerebral artery, median time:3 years. The gross (Fugl-Meyer Assessment test), fine motor (Box and Block Tests) skills, the tripot pinch grip power (JTech Commander PichTrack) were assessed at baseline and post intervention. The intervention supervised included unimanual activities of the non-affected hands for 30 min, 5 days/week for 6 weeks. RESULTS: N = 4 participants were recruited from a nursing home setting; median age: 45, Gender: 3M; 1W. The causes of stroke included ischemia (n = 3) and aneurysm of anterior cerebral artery (n = 1). The median years of stroke was 3 years. The improvement in the gross motor skills (25%) of affected sides after unimanual training may be considered as feasable. There were also increase in tripot pinch grip power of the non-affected (34%) and affected hands (17%). The improvement in fine motor skills were 19% in affected hands the 10% in non-affected hands. CONCLUSIONS: The unimanual mirror therapy resulted in improvements in gross and fine motor skills and tripod pinch grip power of the affected hands of mild chronic stroke patients. This case series provides further evidence that mirror therapy is effective to improve function in patients with mild chronic stroke.
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Szczecinski, Nicholas S., Joshua P. Martin, David J. Bertsch, Roy E. Ritzmann, and Roger D. Quinn. "Neuromechanical model of praying mantis explores the role of descending commands in pre-strike pivots." Bioinspiration & Biomimetics 10, no. 6 (November 18, 2015): 065005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-3190/10/6/065005.
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Belov, Dmitry A., and Evgenii P. Vorobiev. "The Role of Stalin in the Formation of Official History of the Tsaritsyn Defense during the Civil War in Russia." Herald of an archivist, no. 2 (2019): 558–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2019-2-558-571.
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The article presents results of comparative analysis of the texts of original publication of Professor V. Melikov’s scientific monograph “Heroic Defense of Tsaritsyn: 1918” and its 1938 version published in view of the 20th anniversary of the defense of Tsaritsyn during the Civil War. J. V. Stalin's editorial revision of the text is probably the only evidence of his active intervention in late 1930s in the formation of the official view on the defense of Tsaritsyn and his own role in it, as well as that of K. E. Voroshilov and M. S. Budyonny. The study allows to identify main points and accents of editorial treatment of censorship and of Stalin himself as main participant in the event and unofficial editor of the new publication. Stalin’s editorial changes expunged names of most command officers from the text. All information on the military operations of the Steel division and its commander, D. P. Zhlob, who was arrested and executed during the prepress, was removed. Stalin also edited and deleted the “cult of personality” flattery to himself and his comrade-in-arms S. M. Budyonny. At the same time, the censorship, namely the editorial board of the People's Commissariat of Defense of the USSR, promptly updated the text by inserting documents and materials on the ongoing trials for counter-revolutionary activities of persons mentioned in the monograph as participants in the events. Political repression of early 1938 resulted in their neutralization as “enemies of the people.” Thus, editing of V. A. Melikov’s monograph by I. V. Stalin and the censorship was an example of the gradual transformation of scientific publication into instrument of political and ideological strife in the context of oncoming new wave of terror.
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van Heugten, Caroline M. "Rehabilitation and management of apraxia after stroke." Reviews in Clinical Gerontology 11, no. 2 (May 2001): 177–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959259801011285.
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IntroductionA stroke patient puts on his shoes and then tries to put on his socks over his shoes. Entering the kitchen, this patient puts milk in the teapot, places the sugar bowl in the oven, and tries to drink from the milk jug. This patient is most probably apractic. Apraxia is one of the four classical neuropsychological deficits – such as agnosia, amnesia and aphasia – causing restrictions in the ability to carry out purposeful and learned activities. One of the first definitions of apraxia was given by Geschwind: ‘Disorders of the execution of learned movements which cannot be accounted for by either weakness, inco-ordination, or sensory loss, nor by incomprehension of, or inattention to commands.’
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Henning, Tom, K. Tim Perkins, and Gary Stankovich. "COMPREHENSIVE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1997, no. 1 (April 1, 1997): 871–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1997-1-871.
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ABSTRACT Resources at the scene of an oil spill involve a significant number of response personnel, equipment, and support materials. The current practice of using single resource management during oil spill emergencies is ineffective and extremely time-consuming. This form of resource tracking results in the overtaxation of the resource status unit (RESTAT) and does not give the operations section the best opportunity to make tactical decisions based on the location of available resources. The recent use of comprehensive resource management as part of the incident command system (ICS) (Oil Pollution Act of 1990, 1990) with strike teams and task forces for the deployment of personnel and equipment during an industry-led National Preparedness for Response Exercise Program (PREP) (Incident Command Systems, Fire Publications, no date) exercise provided an opportunity to implement a more efficient and effective system for the deployment and tracking of resources. The deployment of strike teams and task forces greatly reduces the number of resources to be tracked and provides the operations section with a more realistic view of available and assigned resources. This results in better allocation of resources to more effectively manage the tactical priorities of an incident. In addition, the tasks of the cost control and food services units are made simpler by a more accurate picture of on-scene resources and personnel.
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LAM, H. K., and J. PRADA. "INTERPRETATION OF HANDWRITTEN SINGLE-STROKE GRAFFITI USING SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINES." International Journal of Computational Intelligence and Applications 08, no. 04 (December 2009): 369–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1469026809002655.
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This paper presents the graffiti interpretation of one-stroke handwritten digits (0 to 9) and commands (backspace, carriage return and space) using support vector machines (SVMs). A number of SVM-based graffiti interpreters are proposed for the recognition of graffiti. The performance of the proposed SVM-based graffiti interpreters subject to various kernel functions and parameters are investigated. Simulation and experimental results are presented to show the applicability and the merits of various graffiti interpreters.
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Tusor, Balázs, Annamária R. Várkonyi-Kóczy, Gábor Klie, and Gábor Kocsis. "Human-Machine Cooperation in an iSpace Robot Room." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 16, no. 6 (September 20, 2012): 723–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2012.p0723.
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Nowadays, with the never unseen spreading of computer controlled applications, the usage of smart environment systems that aim to improve the living conditions and quality of everyday life are gaining more and more importance. Intelligent Space (iSpace) based systems are good examples: they strive to create an intelligent, comfortable environment for higher quality, natural and easy to follow lifestyle. The goal of this paper is to present a research that focuses on developing a new Intelligent Space application that is able to comprehend and execute commands given by human users. The presented solution is also able to learn commands that are given periodically under specific conditions and execute them if the conditions occur.
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Acton, James M. "Escalation through Entanglement: How the Vulnerability of Command-and-Control Systems Raises the Risks of an Inadvertent Nuclear War." International Security 43, no. 1 (August 2018): 56–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/isec_a_00320.
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Nonnuclear weapons are increasingly able to threaten dual-use command, control, communication, and intelligence assets that are spaced based or distant from probable theaters of conflict. This form of “entanglement” between nuclear and nonnuclear capabilities creates the potential for Chinese or Russian nonnuclear strikes against the United States or U.S. strikes against either China or Russia to spark inadvertent nuclear escalation. Escalation pressures could be generated through crisis instability or through one of two newly identified mechanisms: “misinterpreted warning” or the “damage-limitation window.” The vulnerability of dual-use U.S. early-warning assets provides a concrete demonstration of the risks. These risks would be serious for two reasons. First, in a conventional conflict against the United States, China or Russia would have strong incentives to launch kinetic strikes on U.S. early-warning assets. Second, even limited strikes could undermine the United States' ability to monitor nuclear attacks by the adversary. Moreover, cyber interference with dual-use early-warning assets would create the additional danger of the target's misinterpreting cyber espionage as a destructive attack. Today, the only feasible starting point for efforts to reduce the escalation risks created by entanglement would be unilateral measures—in particular, organizational reform to ensure that those risks received adequate consideration in war planning, acquisition decisions, and crisis decisionmaking. Over the longer term, unilateral measures might pave the way for more challenging cooperative measures, such as agreed restrictions on threatening behavior.
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Liu, Cai Bin, Guo Hui Wu, Le He, and Xiao Wei Wang. "Study and Application on Wireless Sensor Networks in Counterterrorism Operations." Advanced Materials Research 926-930 (May 2014): 2102–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.926-930.2102.
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Research and application on wireless sensor networks in the future counterterrorism operations, including the target perception network, target guiding network, combat command control and the fire control network. Access to information and knowledge through the wireless sensor networks. Counterterrorism capacity can be upgraded, and precision strike over the horizon can be realized. The networks change the classical counterterrorism operations, reconnaissance and security mode. Qualnet simulation results show that packets loss rate of wireless sensor networks is small, and the peer to peer delay is short. The networks is suitable for counterterrorism operations environment.
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Posadskiy, Anton V. "Goals and potential of study the rebel corps commanders of the Civil War." Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities, no. 189 (2020): 189–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/1810-0201-2020-25-189-189-196.
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The necessity of further study of the people’s leaders during the Civil War is argued and the main tasks and directions of research work are proposed. The need to study the family circle of partisan and rebel leaders in the context of the demographic situation in Russia is assessed. Considerations are given on the importance of a comprehensive study of their biographies in order to understand the motives and possibilities of participation in the Civil War. Attention is drawn to the frequent situation of the leadership of brothers in the rebel movement. Estimates of the military abilities of the people’s leaders and their orientation are proposed. Perspective archives for the development of the topic are indicated. The importance of the rebel ego-documents is noted, of which there are relatively few, but research work with them is promising. The importance of ethnic and gender aspects of popular leadership is emphasized. The phenomenon of psychological kinship of people of the same environment, separated by military-political confrontation, is emphasized. Attention is paid to the party and political affiliation of the military leaders of the Civil War and their perception by their subordinates, population, descendants. The question is raised about how politically sophisticated were the military leaders of the civil strife. Thus, a scheme for studying the phenomenon of popular military and political leadership in the Civil War is proposed, based on available sources and a wide range of biographical data.
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Brandauer, B., J. Hermsdörfer, T. Geißendörfer, B. Schoch, E. R. Gizewski, and D. Timmann. "Impaired and preserved aspects of independent finger control in patients with cerebellar damage." Journal of Neurophysiology 107, no. 4 (February 15, 2012): 1080–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00142.2011.
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The influence of the cerebellum on independent finger control has rarely been investigated. We examined multidigit control in 22 patients with cerebellar degeneration, 20 patients with cerebellar stroke, and 21 patients with surgical lesions after cerebellar tumor removal. In the first task, either the index finger or the middle finger was actively lifted from an object during static holding. Both controls and cerebellar patients increased the forces of the nearby digits in synchrony with lift-off to maintain the total finger force. Patients used increased finger forces but showed no significant deficits in the pattern and timing of rearrangement of finger forces. In the second task, subjects had to press and release one finger against a force-sensitive keypad with the other fingers being inactive. All patient groups showed increased force production of the noninstructed (enslaved) fingers compared with controls. Lesion-symptom mapping in the focal patients revealed that lesions of the superior hand area were related to abnormal levels of enslaving. Increased finger forces in the finger-lifting task likely reflect an unspecific safety strategy. Increased effects of enslaving in the individuated key-press task, however, may be explained by a deterioration of cerebellar contribution to feedforward commands necessary to suppress activity in noninstructed fingers or by increased spread of the motor command intended for the instructed finger. Despite the large and diverse patient sample, surprisingly few abnormalities were observed. Both holding an object and finger typing are overlearned, automatized motor tasks, which may not or little depend on the integrity of the cerebellum.
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Zaucha, Hmingsangi, and Annie Thomas. "Utility of Chedoke arm hand activity inventory in the Indian population: mixed method research sequential explanatory." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 7, no. 6 (May 29, 2019): 2273. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20192511.
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Background: One of the most common manifestations of stroke is hand function affectation. This can have a negative impact on daily, social and leisure activities. A formal evaluation protocol will be able to identify specific needs of a patient. The objective was to find out the stability of the Chedoke arm hand activity inventory in sub-acute and chronic stroke patients in India Method.Methods: This was an observational study with sample size 29 and the sampling was convenience sampling. Participant criteria were sub-acute and chronic stroke patients, male and female, patients who follow commands, stable vitals, CMSA score of hand and leg function with stage 3, foot with stage 2, postural control with 6 or 7 and ability to walk 25 meters indoor. Recurrent stroke and hand dysfunction due to any reason other than stroke were excluded. Twenty-nine stroke patients, sub-acute and chronic where CMSA score taken prior to administration of CAHAI. A score of 1-7 for each task in CAHAI 13, total score of minimum 13 and maximum 91 with other considerations where “unsafe for the patient” was considered as score 1. Data analysis were done using SPSS version 22.0 and Pearson’s correlation coefficient.Results: A total of 29 participants included where the test retest reliability was r=0.98 with significance <0.001.Conclusions: CAHAI found to be a highly reliable outcome measure.
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Tang, Xue Song, Liu Li, Zheng Gen Yu, and Xiao Bing Lu. "A Kind of Mathematical Method to Assess the Threat Degree of Aerial Targets." Advanced Materials Research 629 (December 2012): 868–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.629.868.
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Modern warfare aerial targets threat judgment is affected by many factors, these factors, there are some uncertainties, and make full use of the mathematical tools you can solve the uncertainty problem. Based on the fuzzy mathematics research, will it cleverly used to solve the threat judgment problems, effectively plays the superiority of fuzzy arithmetic, the specified air strike targets pose a threat to the conservation targets as well as the threat degree, and then depending on the threat degree sort the targets for the operational command decision-making to provide a more scientific and reasonable basis.
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Tabernig, Carolina B., Camila A. Lopez, Lucía C. Carrere, Erika G. Spaich, and Carlos H. Ballario. "Neurorehabilitation therapy of patients with severe stroke based on functional electrical stimulation commanded by a brain computer interface." Journal of Rehabilitation and Assistive Technologies Engineering 5 (January 2018): 205566831878928. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2055668318789280.
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Giambuzzi, Ilaria, Giorgia Bonalumi, Michele Di Mauro, Maurizio Roberto, Silvia Corona, Francesco Alamanni, and Marco Zanobini. "Surgical Aortic Mitral Curtain Replacement: Systematic Review and Metanalysis of Early and Long-Term Results." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 14 (July 17, 2021): 3163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10143163.
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The Commando procedure is challenging, and aims to replace the mitral valve, the aortic valve and the aortic mitral curtain, when the latter is severely affected by pathological processes (such as infective endocarditis or massive calcification). Given the high complexity, it is seldomly performed. We aim to review the literature on early (hospitalization and up to 30 days) and long-term (at least 3 years of follow-up) results. Bibliographical research was performed on PubMed and Cochrane with a dedicated string. Papers regarding double valve replacement or repair in the context of aortic mitral curtain disease were included. The metaprop function was used to assess early survival and complications (pacemaker implantation, stroke and bleeding). Nine papers (540 patients, median follow-up 41 (IQR 24.5–51.5) months) were included in the study. Pooled proportion of early mortality, stroke, pacemaker implant and REDO for bleeding were, respectively 16.2%, 7.8%, 25.1% and 13.1%. The long-term survival rate ranged from 50% to 92.2%. Freedom from re-intervention was as high as 90.9% when the endocarditis was not the first etiology and 78.6% in case of valvular infection (one author had 100%). Freedom from IE recurrences reached 85% at 10 years. Despite the high mortality, the rates of re-intervention and infective endocarditis recurrences following the Commando procedure are satisfactory and confirm the need for an aggressive strategy to improve long-term outcomes.
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Kovalenko, Serhii, Sergeу Herasimov, Andriy Volkov, Serhii Korsunov, and Mykola Oboronov. "Model for assessing the efficiency of departments anti-air defense." Advanced Information Systems 5, no. 2 (June 22, 2021): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2522-9052.2021.2.03.
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An urgent issue of modern local conflicts is the substantiation of the ability of air defense units to carry out their immediate tasks of providing air cover for ground forces. The solution to this issue is especially relevant in local conflicts, when the space in which it is necessary to perform the assigned task is stretched in width and depth. The purpose of the article is to develop a model for evaluating the effectiveness of ground forces cover by air defense units in new positional areas, which have changed in size in width and depth. The article proposes a model that makes it possible to assess the effectiveness of covering weapons and military equipment and infrastructure of ground forces by air defense units. The model was developed using the theory of probability. Conclusions. The proposed model involves the choice of a typical composition of internal and external sources of radar information, the direction of data exchange, the composition of the tasks of data processing, the formation of recommendations on the composition of the air defense team and their management. The developed model helps the commander of the air defense unit to evaluate the options for his structure, choose rational ones, with the best cover efficiency, and helps him make the right decision to repel air strikes. The model is proposed to be used in decision-making systems to help the commander make the right decision to cover ground units from the air. The proposed model will also be effective in automated decision-making systems.
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Evers, Hans-Dieter. "The Bureaucratization of Southeast Asia." Comparative Studies in Society and History 29, no. 4 (October 1987): 666–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417500014833.
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Spectacular events tend to capture our attention—the war in Cambodia, oil exploration and production on Malaysia's coast, the assassination of Benigno Aquino and internal strife in the Philippines, the election of two solitary opposition candidates to Singapore's parliament, the rejuvenation of Indonesia's military command structure, coup rumours in Thailand: an endless string of more or less spectacular or even decisive happenings that find themselves in the headlines of the international press.
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Lee, Jeong-yeol, Jang-kwon Moon, and Sang-joon Kim. "The comparison of combat function priorities in future manned/unmanned infantry troops." Journal of Advances in Military Studies 4, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 19–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.37944/jams.v4i1.95.
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This study was conducted to present the development plans for the future manned/unmanned infantry troops in order to respond to the changes in advanced science and technology along with the winds of the fourth industrial revolution an to prepare for future war changes. Above all, key elements by combat performance function of future mixed infantry troops could be identified and implications could be derived by comparing priorities by element using Analytical Hierarchy Process(AHP). In particular, a survey of current military policy departments, educators, field personnel, and indirectly related officers whose group consists of 190 (rank range: from the first lieutenant to lieutenant colonel, age range: from 20 to 40) out of 250 regard of effectiveness was conducted to identify which areas should be developed first for each combat function (command control, information, maneuver, fire, protection, operation sustainability support). In the formation of a mixed infantry troop, command control was able to identify battlefield information, reinforce information on battlefield visibility, strengthen maneuvering forces, strike strategic targets, share enemy attack situations, and maintain operations.
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Kurukumbi, Mohankumar, Thao Dang, Najeeb Crossley, Alice Esame, and Annapurni Jayam-Trouth. "Unique Presentation of Akinetic Mutism and Coexisting Thyroid Storm Relating to Stroke." Case Reports in Neurological Medicine 2014 (2014): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/320565.
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Akinetic mutism is described in various clinical presentations but typically is defined as a state wherein the patient appears awake but does not move or speak. It can be divided into two different subtypes; the most common subtypes depend on the lesion location, mesencephalic-diencephalic region, also called apathetic akinetic mutism (somnolent mutism), and those involving the anterior cingulate gyrus and adjacent frontal lobes called hyperpathic akinetic mutism. The pathway of akinetic mutism is believed to originate from circuits that link the frontal and subcortical structures. This case reports a 48-year-old African American female with bilateral anterior cerebral artery stroke and akinetic mutism with coexisting thyroid storm. This patient with bilateral anterior cerebral artery infarcts presented with characteristics that are typical for akinetic mutism such as having intact eye movements but an inability to respond to auditory or visual commands. With the incidence of bilateral anterior cerebral artery (ACA) ischemic stroke being rare and the incidence of akinetic mutism secondary to ischemic stroke even rarer, we suspect that this patient potentially had a unilateral occlusion of anomalous anterior cerebral vasculature.
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Lin, Yingnan, Qingming Qu, Yifang Lin, Jieying He, Qi Zhang, Chuankai Wang, Zewu Jiang, Fengxian Guo, and Jie Jia. "Customizing Robot-Assisted Passive Neurorehabilitation Exercise Based on Teaching Training Mechanism." BioMed Research International 2021 (May 31, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9972560.
Full textAbstract:
Passive movement is an important mean of rehabilitation for stroke survivors in the early stage or with greater paralysis. The upper extremity robot is required to assist therapists with passive movement during clinical rehabilitation, while customizing is one of the crucial issues for robot-assisted upper extremity training, which fits the patient-centeredness. Robot-assisted teaching training could address the need well. However, the existing control strategies of teaching training are usually commanded by position merely, having trouble to achieve the efficacy of treatment by therapists. And deficiency of flexibility and compliance comes to the training trajectory. This research presents a novel motion control strategy for customized robot-assisted passive neurorehabilitation. The teaching training mechanism is developed to coordinate the movement of the shoulder and elbow, ensuring the training trajectory correspondence with human kinematics. Furthermore, the motion trajectory is adjusted by arm strength to realize dexterity and flexibility. Meanwhile, the torque sensor employed in the human-robot interactive system identifies movement intention of human. The goal-directed games and feedbacks promote the motor positivity of stroke survivors. In addition, functional experiments and clinical experiments are investigated with a healthy adult and five recruited stroke survivors, respectively. The experimental results present that the suggested control strategy not only serves with safety training but also presents rehabilitation efficacy.
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Kwan, Abraham, Jingkai Wei, N. Maritza Dowling, Melinda C. Power, and Zurab Nadareishvili. "Cognitive Impairment after Lacunar Stroke and the Risk of Recurrent Stroke and Death." Cerebrovascular Diseases 50, no. 4 (2021): 383–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000514261.
Full textAbstract:
<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Patients with poststroke cognitive impairment appear to be at higher risk of recurrent stroke and death. However, whether cognitive impairment after lacunar stroke is associated with recurrent stroke and death remains unclear. We assessed whether global or domain-specific cognitive impairment after lacunar stroke is associated with recurrent stroke and death. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We considered patients from the Secondary Prevention of Small Subcortical Strokes (SPS3) trial with a baseline cognitive exam administered in English by certified SPS3 personnel, 14–180 days after qualifying lacunar stroke. We considered a baseline score of ≤86 on the Cognitive Assessment Screening Instrument to indicate global cognitive impairment, <10 on the Clock Drawing on Command test to indicate executive function impairment, and domain-specific summary scores in the lowest quartile to indicate memory and nonmemory impairment. We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate the association between poststroke cognitive impairment and subsequent risk of recurrent stroke and death. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The study included 1,528 participants with a median enrollment time of 62 days after qualifying stroke. During a mean follow-up of 3.9 years, 11.4% of participants had recurrent stroke and 8.2% died. In the fully adjusted models, memory impairment was independently associated with an increased risk of recurrent stroke (hazard ratio, 1.48; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.04–2.09) and death (hazard ratio, 1.87; 95% CI: 1.25–2.79). Global impairment (hazard ratio, 1.66; 95% CI: 1.06–2.59) and nonmemory impairment (hazard ratio, 1.74; 95% CI: 1.14–2.67) were associated with an increased risk of death. <b><i>Discussion/Conclusion:</i></b> After lacunar stroke, memory impairment was an independent predictor of recurrent stroke and death, while global and nonmemory impairment were associated with death. Cognitive screening in lacunar stroke may help identify populations at higher risk of recurrent stroke and death.
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Housley, Stephen N., David Wu, Kimberly Richards, Samir Belagaje, Maysam Ghovanloo, and Andrew J. Butler. "Improving Upper Extremity Function and Quality of Life with a Tongue Driven Exoskeleton: A Pilot Study Quantifying Stroke Rehabilitation." Stroke Research and Treatment 2017 (2017): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3603860.
Full textAbstract:
Stroke is a leading cause of long-term disability around the world. Many survivors experience upper extremity (UE) impairment with few rehabilitation opportunities, secondary to a lack of voluntary muscle control. We developed a novel rehabilitation paradigm (TDS-HM) that uses a Tongue Drive System (TDS) to control a UE robotic device (Hand Mentor: HM) while engaging with an interactive user interface. In this study, six stroke survivors with moderate to severe UE impairment completed 15 two-hour sessions of TDS-HM training over five weeks. Participants were instructed to move their paretic arm, with synchronized tongue commands to track a target waveform while using visual feedback to make accurate movements. Following TDS-HM training, significant improvements in tracking performance translated into improvements in the UE portion of the Fugl-Meyer Motor Assessment, range of motion, and all subscores for the Stroke Impact Scale. Regression modeling found daily training time to be a significant predictor of decreases in tracking error, indicating the presence of a potential dose-response relationship. The results of this pilot study indicate that the TDS-HM system can elicit significant improvements in moderate to severely impaired stroke survivors. This pilot study gives preliminary insight into the volume of treatment time required to improve outcomes.