Academic literature on the topic 'Strike-slip active faults'
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Journal articles on the topic "Strike-slip active faults"
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Cooke, Michele L., Kevin Toeneboehn, and Jennifer L. Hatch. "Onset of slip partitioning under oblique convergence within scaled physical experiments." Geosphere 16, no. 3 (March 10, 2020): 875–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/ges02179.1.
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Abstract Oblique convergent margins host slip-partitioned faults with simultaneously active strike-slip and reverse faults. Such systems defy energetic considerations that a single oblique-slip fault accommodates deformation more efficiently than multiple faults. To investigate the development of slip partitioning, we record deformation throughout scaled experiments of wet kaolin over a low-convergence (<30°), obliquely slipping basal dislocation. The presence of a precut vertical weakness in the wet kaolin impacts the morphology of faults but is not required for slip partitioning. The experiments reveal three styles of slip partitioning development delineated by the order of faulting and the extent of slip partitioning. Low-convergence angle experiments (5°) produce strike-slip faults prior to reverse faults. In moderate-convergence experiments (10°–25°), the reverse fault forms prior to the strike-slip fault. Strike-slip faults develop either along existing weaknesses (precut or previous reverse-slip faults) or through the coalescence of new echelon cracks. The third style of local slip partitioning along two simultaneously active dipping faults is transient while global slip partitioning persists. The development of two active fault surfaces arises from changes in off-fault strain pattern after development of the first fault. With early strike-slip faults, off-fault contraction accumulates to produce a new reverse fault. Systems with early lobate reverse faults accommodate limited strike-slip and produce extension in the hanging wall, thereby promoting strike-slip faulting. The observation of persistent slip partitioning under a wide range of experimental conditions demonstrates why such systems are frequently observed in oblique convergence crustal margins around the world.
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Utkin, V. P., A. N. Mitrokhin, P. L. Nevolin, and Y. P. Yushmanov. "Strike-slip fault tectogenesis in formation of the East Sikhote-Alin volcano-plutonic belt: Structural and dynamic analysis." LITHOSPHERE (Russia) 20, no. 4 (August 31, 2020): 528–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.24930/1681-9004-2020-20-4-528-541.
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Study object. The role of strike-slip fault tectogenesis in magmatism of the large (North Eastern Primorye) fragment of the Eastern Sikhote-Alin volcano-plutonic belt (ESAVPB) is studied. Materials and methods. The materials of geological mapping and field geostructural thematic-line research are used. Study methods are based on the concept of the geostructural patterns being formed by lateral, namely, strike-slip movements of crustal blocks. Results. There is recognized the system of the NE-trending sinistral faults, whose activation taken place during two stages. The pre-Late-Cretaceous fold-and-strike-slip-fault (orogenic) stage is characterized by the widely developed fold system within the stratified formations covering active strike-slip faults of the pre-Mesozoic consolidated basement. By the Late Cretaceous, the strike-slip faults cut the fold system into narrow blocks, creating the preconditions for the strike-slip faults’ activation during the next destructionand-strike-slip-fault (riftogenic) stage (Late Cretaceous – Cenozoic). During the latter, the strike-slip faults were activated under transtension (strike slip with extension) with formation of volcano-tectonic extension structures (VTES) nearcrosswise the strike-slip faults. The VTES played, on the one hand, the role of magma-feeding channels. On the other hand, the extension caused preconditions for formation of the depression subsidences that accumulated large volumes of the volcanics covering and «crosslinking» the VTES, resulting in wide development of volcanic covers within the ESAVPB. Conclusion. The VTES’ opening is thereby the effect of lateral (strike-slip) displacements of continental geoblocks that is not consistent with a priori ideas of the development of the East Sikhote-Alin volcano-plutonic belt under the oceanic plates’ subduction. The resulting materials complement the formulations according to which the East Asian volcanic belt formed under the structural-and-dynamic conditions being caused by the evolution of the East Asian global strike-slip fault zone resulting from displacement of the Asian continent to the south-west under the Earth’s rotational geodynamics.
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Chen, Peng, Bing Yan, and Yuan Liu. "Active Strike-Slip Faulting and Systematic Deflection of Drainage Systems along the Altyn Tagh Fault, Northern Tibetan Plateau." Remote Sensing 13, no. 16 (August 6, 2021): 3109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13163109.
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Systematic deflection of drainage systems along strike-slip faults is the combination of repeated faulting slipping and continuous headward erosion accumulated on the stream channels. The measurement and analysis of systematically deflected stream channels will enhance our understanding on the deformational behaviors of strike-slip faults and the relationship between topographic response and active strike-slip faulting. In this study, detailed interpretation and analysis of remote sensing images and DEM data were carried out along the Altyn Tagh Fault, one typical large-scale strike-slip fault in the northern Tibetan Plateau, and together with the statistical results of offset amounts of 153 stream channels, revealed that (i) the drainage systems have been systematically deflected and/or offset in sinistral along the active Altyn Tagh Fault; (ii) The offset amounts recorded by stream channels vary in the range of 7 m to 72 km, and indicate a positively related linear relationship between the upstream length L and the offset amount D, the channel with bedrock upstream generally has a better correlation between L and D than that of non-bedrock upstream; (iii) River capture and abandonment are commonly developed along the Altyn Tagh Fault, which probably disturbed the continuous accumulation of offset recorded on individual stream channel, suggesting that the real maximum cumulative displacement recorded by stream channels might be larger than 72 km (lower bound) along the Altyn Tagh Fault. Along with the cumulative displacements recorded by other regional-scale strike-slip faults in the Tibetan Plateau, these results demonstrate that the magnitude of tectonic extrusion along these first-order strike-slip faults after the collision of India–Asia plates might be limited.
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BARTOV, YUVAL, and AMIR SAGY. "Late Pleistocene extension and strike-slip in the Dead Sea Basin." Geological Magazine 141, no. 5 (September 2004): 565–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001675680400963x.
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A newly discovered active small-scale pull-apart (Mor structure), located in the western part of the Dead Sea Basin, shows recent basin-parallel extension and strike-slip faulting, and offers a rare view of pull-apart internal structure. The Mor structure is bounded by N–S-trending strike-slip faults, and cross-cut by low-angle, E–W-trending normal faults. The geometry of this pull-apart suggests that displacement between the two stepped N–S strike-slip faults of the Mor structure is transferred by the extension associated with the normal faults. The continuing deformation in this structure is evident by the observation of at least three deformation episodes between 50 ka and present. The calculated sinistral slip-rate is 3.5 mm/yr over the last 30 000 years. This slip rate indicates that the Mor structure overlies the currently most active strike-slip fault within the western border of the Dead Sea pull-apart. The Mor structure is an example of a small pull-apart basin developed within a larger pull-apart. This type of hierarchy in pull-apart structures is an indication for their ongoing evolution.
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Thanh, Bui Nhi, Nguyen Van Luong, Duong Quoc Hung, Nguyen Van Diep, and Mai Duc Dong. "Recent geodynamic characteristics of the Southern Central coast and the relations with geological hazards." Tạp chí Khoa học và Công nghệ biển 19, no. 3B (October 21, 2019): 125–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/1859-3097/19/3b/14520.
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Recent geodynamic characteristics of the Southern Central coast are analyzed on the basis of vertical and horizontal displacement velocities along active fault zones. The horizontal displacement velocity varies in magnitude from this fault system to another fault system, from 0.11–0.3 mm/year on the strike-slip - normal faults to 0–0.058 mm/year on the strike-slip faults and normal faults. The subsidence velocity changes complicatedly, different from one fault to another fault, depending on the mechanism of faults. On the continental shelf, most of the values of high subsidence’s velocity are related to the normal and strike-slip faults. Subsidence activities make the sea level increase highly, the subsidence activity makes the sea level rise at structures that fall close to the shore, reach about 0.2–0.48 mm/year in late Pleistocene - Holocene. The increase of sea level directly affects the intensity of erosion, flood, salinity and land loss events in coastal lowlands. Slippage of the seabed, earthquakes, volcanoes are geological hazards directly related to the geodynamic regime of the Southern Central coast.
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Rondoyanni, Th, Ch Georgiou, D. Galanakis, and M. Kourouzidis. "EVIDENCES OF ACTIVE FAULTING IN THRACE REGION (NORTHEASTERN GREECE)." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 36, no. 4 (January 1, 2004): 1671. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.16572.
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Active oblique to strike-slip faults were identified in southern Thrace (northeastern Greece), on the basis of field observations, geological mapping, analysis of geometrical and dynamic characteristics of recent tectonic structures as well as evaluation of their seismic potential. The seismic activity refers mainly to strong earthquakes occurring under the sea, while a minor number of seismic epicenters have been registered on land. According to the historic and recent data, most seismic destructions in this region are due to the influence of the North Anatolian Fault and North Aegean Trough system. The diachronic activity of several faults and the changes in the movement type from clearly normal to oblique-normal or strike-slip, have left clear signs on the existing polished fault planes. Among the numerous faults determined in Thrace, some of them can be characterized as active, according to their geological and morphotectonic characteristics. Taking in to account the faults length, the specific seismotectonic conditions prevailing over the Hellenic territory and the existed empirical relationships, the maximum displacement in case of seismic reactivation was estimated.
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Pu, RenHai, KunBai Li, Machao Dong, ZiCheng Cao, and Pengye Xu. "The 3D seismic characteristics and significance of the strike-slip faults in the Tazhong area (Tarim Basin, China)." Interpretation 7, no. 1 (February 1, 2019): T1—T19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2016-0135.1.
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The eastern part of Tazhong area in the Tarim Basin consists of three sets of vertical strike-slip faults oriented in north–northeast (36°azimuth), east–northeast (68° azimuth), and west–northwest (126°azimuth) directions that cut the strata from Cambrian to Carboniferous. The fault belts indicate significant horizon upwarp and downwarp deformations and variations in their stratigraphic thickness on seismic profiles. Through detailed interpretation of the 3D seismic data, we consider that these phenomena reflect the different stress properties and active stages of the faults. The horizon upwarp and downwarp within the fault belts correlated respectively to the decrease and increase in stratigraphic thickness within the fault belts in comparison to the coeval counterpart of the bilateral fault blocks. For the same fault, different stratigraphic intervals express different types of horizon deformation and thickness changes. The horizon downwarp and the contemporaneous stratigraphic thickening inside the fault belts suggest the transtensional actions of the fault. The horizon upwarp and the contemporaneous thinning within the fault belts suggest transpressional actions of the fault. Based on this, we inferred the active periods of the three sets of strike-slip faults. The north–northeast-striking faults were formed in the late Ordovician Sangtamu Formation. This set of faults experienced four stages, i.e., sinistral transpression, sinistral transtension, static, and transtension. The east–northeast and west–northwest-striking faults initiated in the mid-Cambrian period as coupled transtension. Activity ceased in the west–northwest faults after the mid-Cambrian and in the east–northeast faults during the late Ordovician. The three sets of strike-slip faults all affect the formation of the hydrothermal dissolution reservoirs that are distributed in the Ordovician carbonate rocks.
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Sakellariou, D., H. Sigurdsson, M. Alexandri, S. Carey, G. Rousakis, P. Nomikou, P. Georgiou, and D. Ballas. "ACTIVE TECTONICS IN THE HELLENIC VOLCANIC ARC: THE KOLUMBO SUBMARINE VOLCANIC ZONE." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 43, no. 2 (January 23, 2017): 1056. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.11270.
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This paper studies the rupture system of the Anydhros Basin, northeast of Thera island, and its relationship to the submarine volcanic activity along the Kolumbo line. Anydhros Basin is a N45o E trending elongate basin bounded by the Ios-Fault-Zone (IFZ) towards NW and by the AnydhrosFault-Zone (AFZ) towards SE. The AFZ continues southwestwards, crosscutting Thera Island. Swath bathymetry and seismic profiling data indicate that the Anydhros basin sedimentary infill is fractured by vertical, predominantly strike-slip faults, parallel to which the volcanic cones are aligned. We propose that the “KameniKolumbo Line” is an active, 40km-long, strike-slip fault zone. The KameniKolumbo strike slip runs through the volcanoes of Nea Kameni and Kolumbo and controls the spatial distribution of the volcanic cones along the axis of Anyhdros basin.
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Allanic, Cécile, and Charles Gumiaux. "Are there any active faults within the Lepontine dome (central Alps)?" Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 184, no. 4-5 (July 1, 2013): 427–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gssgfbull.184.4-5.427.
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Abstract In metamorphic chain areas characterized by low seismicity, the evidence of neotectonic activity is generally very poor. However, direct evidences of seismogenic faults are reported hereafter in the Lepontine dome (Central Alps) considered in the literature as tectonically quiescent. Identification of aligned cluster of microseismic events guided morphotectonic researches. The latter revealed clear clues of recent faulting, i.e. marked scarps, perturbation of the drainage system or shift of terminal moraines. Thus, thanks to combination of seismological, geological and morphological data, we accurately locate four seismogenic faults and determine precisely their kinematic from fault-stria data and focal mechanisms. Three roughly NW-SE seismogenic dextral-normal faults were evidenced: the first close to the Simplon fault zone, the second in the middle northern part of the dome and the third one to the north of Bellinzona. They are part of a regional Riedel-shear zone system linked to the Insubric line. Dextral strike-slip component increases when strike of fault planes approaches the E-W orientation (corresponding to pure strike-slip) and respectively normal component increases when strike of fault planes is close to NW-SE. The second system highlighted corresponds to WSW-ENE normal faults mainly distributed on the whole northern flank of the dome along a zone of 10 km wide. They are roughly parallel to the Rhône and Bedretto valleys and exploit pre-existing basement fabric. These data coherent at all scales provide new constraints on the current stress regime going on in the Lepontine Dome and could have implications for future seismic hazard studies in the broader area.
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Hussain, Hamid, and Zhang Shuangxi. "Structural Evolution of the Kohat Fold and Thrust Belt in the Shakardarra Area (South Eastern Kohat, Pakistan)." Geosciences 8, no. 9 (August 21, 2018): 311. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8090311.
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The Kohat fold and thrust belt, located in North-Western Pakistan, is a part of Lesser Himalaya developed due to the collision between the Indian and Eurasian plates. The structural evolution records of this area indicate that it consists of tight anticlines and broad syncline structures. Previous studies show that the structural pattern of this area has been produced due to multiple episodes of deformation. In the present research, 2D seismic data has been integrated with our field surveys to clarify the role of active strike-slip faulting in reshaping the surface structures of Shakardarra, Kohat. At the surface, doubly plunging anticlines and synclines are evolved on evaporites as detachment folds, truncated by thrust faults along their limbs. Seismic data show that the thrust faults originate from basal detachment located at the sedimentary-crystalline interface and either cut up section to the surface or lose their displacement to splay or back thrusts. At the surface, the Shakardarra Fault, the Tola Bangi Khel Fault, the Chorlaki Fault, and the axial trend of fold change their strike from EW to NS showing that the thrust and axial trend of folds are rotated along the vertical axis by the influence of the Kalabagh strike-slip fault. Strike-slip motion dominates the style of deformation at the northern segment. The current deformation is concentrated on the splay faults in the northern segment of the Kalabagh Fault. We propose that Shakardarra is sequentially evolved in three episodes of deformation. In the first phase, the detachment folds developed on Eocene evaporites, which are truncated by thrust faults originated from the basal detachment in the second phase. In the third phase, early formed folds and faults are rotated along the vertical axis by the influence of Kalabagh strike-slip fault.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Strike-slip active faults"
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Kaneda, Heitaro. "Detection of Active Low Slip-Rate Strike-Slip Faults and Their Paleoseismicity." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/147787.
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May, Bryce Derrick. "Comparative geomorphology of two active tectonic structures, near Oxford, North Canterbury." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geological Sciences, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1521.
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The North Canterbury tectonic setting involves the southward propagating margin of easterly strike-slip activity intersecting earlier thrust activity propagating east from the Alpine Fault. The resulting tectonics contain a variety of structures caused by the way these patterns overlap, creating complexities on the regional and individual feature scale. An unpublished map by Jongens et al. (1999) shows the Ashley-Loburn Fault System crossing the plains from the east connected with the Springfield Thrust Fault in the western margins, possibly the southern limit of the east-west trending strikeslip activity. Of note are two hill structures inferred to be affected by this fault system. View Hill to the west, is on the south side of this fault junction, and Starvation Hill further east, was shown lying on the north side of a left stepover restraining bend. During thrust uplift and simple tilting of the View Hill structure, at least two uplift events post date last Pleistocene aggradation accounting for variations in scarp morphology. Broad constraints on fault dip and the age of the displacement surface suggest that slip-rates are in the order of 0.5 mm/year. East from View Hill, the strike-slip fault was originally thought to curve northeast, around the southeast of Starvation Hill. But there is neither evidence of a scarp, nor other clear evidence of surface faulting at Starvation Hill, which poses the question of the extent to which folding may reflect both fault geometry and fault activity. Starvation Hill is a triangular shape, with a series of distinctive smooth, semi-planar surfaces, lapping across both sides of the hill at a range of elevations and gradients. These surfaces are thought to be remnants of old river channels, and are indicative of tilting and upwarping of the hill structure. 3D computer modelling of these surfaces, combined with studies of the cover sequence on the hill, resulted in inferences being drawn as to the location of hinge lines of a dual-hinged anticline and an overview of the tectonic history of the hill. This illustrates the potential to apply topographical and geomorphic studies to the evolution of geometrically complex structures Starvation Hill is interpreted to be the result of two fault-generated folds, one fault trending north, the other, more recent fault, trending east. These two faults are thought to be sequentially developed segments of the original fault zone inferred by Jongens et al. (1999) but with reinterpreted location and mechanism detail. The presence of two faults has resulted in overprinted differential uplift of the structure, which has been significantly degraded, especially in the southwest corner of the hill. The majority of the formation of the northerly trending structure of Starvation Hill is inferred to be pre-Otiran, with uplift of the later east trending structure continuing into the late Pleistocene and Holocene.
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Rizza, Magali. "Analyses des vitesses et des déplacements cosismiques sur des failles décrochantes en Mongolie et en Iran : approche morphotectonique et paléosismologique." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20202/document.
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Ce travail de thèse a pour but d'analyser les variations de vitesses sur des grandes failles décrochantes en contexte intracontinental, capables de produire des séismes de très fortes magnitudes (M > 7.5). Afin d'illustrer c es variations d'activités, cette analyse a été effectuée sur deux zones d'études situées en domaine continental et sismiquement actives: la région ouest de la Mongolie (failles de Bogd et Bolnay) et le nord de l'Iran (failles d'Astaneh et de Tabriz). À partir d'une approche morphotectonique et paléosismologique, les cinématiques, les vitesses de failles et les intervalles de récurrence entre les séismes majeurs ont été estimés, permettant d'analyser les caractéristiques du cycle sismique sur chacune des failles. En Mongolie, les failles de Bogd et Bolnay présentent respectivement des vitesses de ~ 1,2 et 2,6 mm/an, qui semblent être constantes sur la période Pleistocène supérieur-Holocène. Ces deux failles présentent également des glissements caractéristiques et des intervalles de temps similaires entre les séismes majeurs. Les analyses paléosismologiques suggèrent qu'un essaim sismique comparable à celui enregistré au XXème siècle a eu lieu il y a environ 3000 ans.En Iran, une vitesse géologique de 2 mm/an a été estimée sur la faille d'Astaneh et les données paléosismologiques suggèrent des intervalles de récurrence qui varient entre 1600 et 2200 ans, associés à des déplacements en surface compris entre 3 et 4,5 m. Nous avons également estimé une vitesse de 7 mm/an sur la faille de Tabriz, en accord avec les données GPS, suggérant que la vitesse sur cette faille est constante depuis 45 kaThe aim of this thesis is to analyze if variations in slip rates occur along strike-slip faults, in intracontinental domain, these faults producing large earthquakes (M> 7.5). To illustrate these variations, this work has focused in two area located in the most tectonically active continental domains in the world: in the western part of Mongolia (Bogd and Bulnay faults) and in the northern part of Iran (Astaneh and Tabriz faults). Using morphotectonic and paleoseismological analyses, the kinematics, the slip rates and the recurrence times have been estimated and allow us to describe the characteristics of seismic cycle along these faults. In Mongolia, the slip rates are estimated at ~1.2 and ~2.6 mm/yr along the Bogd and the Bulnay faults, respectively, with no variations of geological slip rates over the Pleistocene-Holocene period. These two faults present characteristic slips and similar recurrence times between large earthquakes. The paleoseismological investigations suggest that a cluster occurred 3000 years ago, similar to the seismic cluster recorded in Mongolia during the XX century. In Iran, the slip rate was estimated to 2 mm/yr along the Astaneh fault and the recurrence times are ranging from 1600 to 2200 years, associated with offsets comprised between 3 and 4.5 m. We have also estimated a slip rate of ~7 mm/yr along the Tabriz fault, in agreement with the present day rate estimated by GPS, suggesting no variations in the slip rate over the past 45 ka
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Beaupretre, Sophie. "Développement d'une approche de paléosismologie géophysique par imagerie Géoradar. Applications aux failles décrochantes actives de Nouvelle Zélande." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00934235.
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Acquérir des informations sur les forts séismes passés est crucial pour anticiper les caractéristiques des forts séismes futurs. Une partie des traces laissées par les forts séismes passés sont enfouies dans les premiers mètres du sol et sont en général révélées par des tranchées de quelques mètres de profondeur ouvertes à travers les failles sismogènes. Bien que pertinente, cette méthode est destructive. L'objectif a été de développer une nouvelle forme de paléosismologie, non destructive, basée sur l'imagerie géoradar pseudo 3D, capable de retrouver ces traces enfouies des séismes passés. Dans ce travail, cinq sites d'étude sont présentés, situés le long de failles actives décrochantes de Nouvelle Zélande. Notre nouvelle approche débute, dans un premier temps, par l'analyse 'classique' de la morphologie de surface à partir de données LiDAR et de MNT GPS haute résolution. Ceci nous permet d'identifier l'ensemble des marqueurs morphologiques préservés à la surface et les déplacements horizontaux qu'ils ont enregistrés. Dans un second temps, l'analyse des profils GPR pseudo-3D acquis en chacun des sites révèlent des réflecteurs principaux dans les premiers 5-10 m du sol recoupés par un grand nombre de marqueurs morphologiques, partiellement ou totalement invisibles en surface. La plupart de ces marqueurs enfouis sont coupés et décalés par la faille considérée. Les mesures de ces décalages fournissent des collections denses de déplacements cumulés sur chacune des failles investiguées avec généralement un nombre de mesures effectués en sub-surface 10 à 20 fois plus important qu'en surface et couvrant une plus large gamme de valeurs. L'application sur la faille de Hope de cette approche a notamment permis de mettre en évidence un déplacement latéral caractéristique de 3.2 ± 1 m lors des 30-35 derniers forts séismes. Ce travail démontre le potentiel de l'imagerie géoradar pseudo-3D à détecter une partie de l'histoire sismique des failles et, ce faisant, à fournir des informations sur les caractéristiques des forts séismes passés.
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Sasnett, Peri Jordan. "Analogue modelling of strike-slip surface ruptures: Implications for Greendale Fault mechanics and paleoseismology." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geological Sciences, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7906.
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Analogue modelling of strike-slip faulting provides insight into the development and behaviour of surface ruptures with accumulated slip, with relevance for understanding how information recorded in paleoseismic trenches relates to the earthquake behaviour of active faults. Patterns of surface deformation were investigated in analogue experiments using cohesive and non-cohesive granular materials above planar strike-slip basement faults. Surface deformation during the experiments was monitored by 3D PIV (particle image velocimetry) and 2D time lapse photography. Analysis focused on fault zone morphology and development, as well as the relationship of the models to surface deformation observed at the Greendale Fault that resulted from the 2010 Darfield earthquake.
Complex rupture patterns with similar characteristics to the Greendale Fault (e.g. en echelon fractures, Riedel shears, pop-up structures, etc.) can be generated by a simple fault plane of uniform dip, slip, and frictional properties. The specific structures and the style of their development are determined by the properties of the overburden and the nature of the material surface. The width of the zone of distributed deformation correlates closely with sediment thickness, while the width of discrete fracturing is controlled by the material properties as well as the thickness of the overburden. The overall deformation zone width increases with the growth of initial, oblique fractures and subsequently narrows with time as strain localizes onto discrete fractures parallel to the underlying basement fault.
Mapping the evolution of fracture patterns with progressive strain reveals that Riedel shears, striking at 90-120° (underlying fault strike = 90°) are more frequently reactivated during multiple earthquake cycles, and are thus most likely to provide reliable paleoseismic records. This will help identify suitable locations for paleoseismic trenches and interpret trench records on the Greendale Fault and other active, strike-slip faults in analogous geologic settings. These results also highlight the tendency of trenching studies on faults of this type to underestimate the number and displacement of previous ruptures, which potentially leads to an underestimate of the magnitude potential and recurrence interval of paleoearthquakes.
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Chen, Peng. "Active Tectonics of the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau." Kyoto University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/245308.
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Tyburski, Stacey Ann. "Deformation mechanisms along active strike-slip faults : SeaMARC II and seismic data from the North America-Caribbean plate boundary." Thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/28547.
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The northwest part of the North America-Caribbean plate boundary zone is characterized by active, left-lateral strike-slip faults that are well constrained seismically and are corroborated by on- and offshore geologic mapping. The onshore plate boundary zone comprises the Motogua and Polochic fault systems of southern Guatemala which join and continue offshore as the Swan Islands fault zone along the southern edge of the Cayman trough. At the Mid-Cayman spreading center in the central Caribbean Sea, the fault motion is transferred at a 100 km wide left-step in the fault system to the Oriente fault zone. A third system, the Walton fault zone, continues east from the Mid-Cayman Spreading center to define the Gonave microplate. Seafloor features produced by strike-slip faulting along the Swan Islands and Walton fault zones have been imaged and mapped using the SeaMARC II side-scan sonar and swath bathymetric mapping system, single-channel seismic data, multichannel seismic data and 3.5 kHz depth profiles. Structures mapped along the Swan Islands and Walton fault zones include: 1) twenty-six restraining bends and five releasing bends ranging in size from several kilometers in area to several hundred kilometers in area; 2)en echelon folds which occur only within the restraining bends; 3) straight, continuous fault segments of up to several tens of kilometers in length; 4) restraining and releasing bends forming in "paired" configurations; and 5) a fault-parallel fold belt fold and thrust belt adjacent to a major restraining bend. The features observed along the Swan Islands and Walton fault systems are compared to other features observed along other strike-slip fault systems, from which empirical models have previously been derived. Based on the features observed in these strike-slip systems, a rigid plate scenario is envisioned where the geometry of the fault and the direction of plate motion have controlled the types of deformation that have occurred. In a related study, microtectonic features in an area of Neogene extension within the northwestern Caribbean plate were investigated in order to provide insight on the nature of intraplate deformation related to the motion along the plate boundary. Microtectonic features were measured in the Sula-Yojoa rift of northwestern Honduras with the intention of inverting the data to estimate stress states responsible for the observed strains. Data inversion for the estimation of stress states could not be undertaken with the available measurements, however, the observations made can be used to support several existing models for the intraplate deformation as well as to encourage the elimination of other models.text
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Goldfinger, Chris. "Active deformation of the Cascadia forearc : implications for great earthquake potential in Oregon and Washington." Thesis, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/36664.
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Nine west-northwest-trending faults on the continental margin of
Oregon and Washington, between 43° 05'N and 470 20'N latitude, have been
mapped using seismic reflection, sidescan sonar, submersibles, and swath
bathymetry. Five of these oblique faults are found on both the Juan de Fuca
and North American plates, and offset abyssal plain sedimentary units left-laterally
from 2.0 to 5.5 km. These five faults extend 8-18 km northwestward
from the deformation front. The remaining four faults, found only on the North
American plate, are also inferred to have a left-lateral slip sense. The age of
the Wecoma fault on the abyssal plain is 600±50 ka, and has an average slip
rate of 7-1 0 mm/year. Slip rates of the other four abyssal plain faults are 5.5 ±
2 - 6. 7 ± 3 mm/yr. These faults are active, as indicated by offset of the
youngest sedimentary units, surficial fault scarps, offsets of surficial channels,
and deep fluid venting. All nine faults have been surveyed on the continental
slope using SeaMARC 1A sidescan sonar, and three of them were surveyed
with a high-resolution AMS 150 sidescan sonar on the continental shelf off
central Oregon. On the continental slope, the faults are expressed as linear,
high-angle WNW trending scarps, and WNW trending fault-parallel folds that
we interpret as flower structures. Active structures on the shelf include folds
trending from NNE to WNW and associated flexural slip thrust faulting; NNW to
N trending right-lateral strike-slip faults; and WNW trending left-lateral strike-slip
faults. Some of these structures intersect the coast and can be correlated
with onshore Quaternary faults and folds, and others are suspected to be
deforming the coastal region. These structures may be contributing to the
coastal marsh stratigraphic record of co-seismic subsidence events in the
Holocene.
We postulate that the set of nine WNW trending left-lateral strike-slip
faults extend and rotate the forearc clockwise, absorbing most or all of the arc
parallel component of plate convergence. The high rate of forearc
deformation implies that the Cascadia forearc may lack the rigidity to generate
M > 8.2 earthquakes. From a comparison of Cascadia seismogenic zone
geometry to data from circum-Pacific great earthquakes of this century, the
maximum Cascadia rupture is estimated to be 500 to 600 km in length, with a
150-400 km rupture length in best agreement with historical data.Graduation date: 1994
Books on the topic "Strike-slip active faults"
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Goldfinger, Chris. Active deformation of the Cascadia forearc: Implications for great earthquake potential in Oregon and Washington. 1994.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Strike-slip active faults"
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Celâl Şengör, A. M. "Diversion of River Courses Across Major Strike-Slip Faults and Keirogens." In Active Global Seismology, 93–101. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118944998.ch3.
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Searle, Mike. "Extruding Indochina: Burma, Vietnam, Yunnan, Thailand." In Colliding Continents. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199653003.003.0017.
Full textAbstract:
Geographically, Indochina consists of the South East Asian countries Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam. Geologically, Indochina includes all the land bounded by two very large-scale strike-slip faults—the Sagaing fault, which runs down the length of Burma, and the Red River fault, which extends more than 1,100 kilometres from the south-eastern corner of Tibet south-east through Yunnan and North Vietnam to Hanoi and the Gulf of Tonkin. Both faults are active, and show that Indochina is moving south-east relative to both the Burma micro-plate to the west and the South China block north of the Red River fault. The unresolved questions were how far Indochina was extruding away from the India–Asia collision zone and when these faults became active. The eastern margin of the Indian plate lies along the Burma–Andaman– Sumatra–Java trench, where the Indian oceanic plate is subducting beneath the great island arc chain of Indonesia. Behind the island arc, a new oceanic basin has formed in the past 5 million years, with basaltic ocean crust forming along a small active spreading centre in the Andaman Sea. The northern extension of the Andaman trench extends into the Arakan-Yoma Hills of western Burma, but the nature and location of the transition from oceanic lithosphere beneath the Bay of Bengal to continental lithosphere in Burma is poorly known. In the south of Burma, where the Irrawaddy River drains into the Andaman Sea, a vast delta has built up with over 10 kilometres’ thickness of sediments eroded off the mountains of Burma. The Sagaing fault continues offshore and is connected to the young oceanic spreading centre in the Andaman Sea. In northern Burma the fault passes close to the cities of Meiktyla and Mandalay and then splays into several branches that terminate in the Jade belt and other mountain ranges that ripple northwards towards the eastern Himalayan syntaxis. Burma is a hauntingly beautiful country of serene landscapes, golden pagodas, green rice fields, range upon range of distant hills, teak forests, and wide muddy rivers. It is also a land of great mineral riches.
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LINK, MARTIN H., MICHAEL T. ROBERTS, and MARK S. NEWTON. "WALKER LAKE BASIN, NEVADA: AN EXAMPLE OF LATE TERTIARY (?) TO RECENT SEDIMENTATION IN A BASIN ADJACENT TO AN ACTIVE STRIKE-SLIP FAULT." In Strike-Slip Deformation, Basin Formation, and Sedimentation, 105–25. SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology), 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/pec.85.37.0105.
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Mann, Paul, Carol S. Prentice, G. Burr, Luis R. Peña, and F. W. Taylor. "Tectonic geomorphology and paleoseismology of the Septentrional fault system, Dominican Republic." In Active Strike-Slip and Collisional Tectonics of the Northern Caribbean Plate Boundary Zone. Geological Society of America, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2326-4.63.
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Xueze, Wen. "Seismic Potential along the Main Active Strike-slip Fault Zone in Western Sichuan, China." In Contemporary Lithospheric Motion Seismic Geology, 101–14. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003079583-9.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Strike-slip active faults"
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Vazouras, Polynikis, Spyros A. Karamanos, and Panos Dakoulas. "Mechanical Behavior of Buried Steel Pipelines Crossing Strike-Slip Seismic Faults." In ASME 2011 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2011-49455.
Full textAbstract:
The present paper investigates the mechanical behaviour of buried steel pipelines, crossing active strike-slip tectonic faults. The fault plane is vertical and perpendicular to the pipeline axis. The interacting soil-pipeline system is modelled rigorously through finite elements, which account for large strains and displacements, nonlinear material behaviour and special conditions of contact and friction on the soil-pipe interface. Steel pipelines of various diameter-to-thickness ratios, and typical steel material for pipeline applications (API 5L grades X65 and X80) are considered. The paper investigates the effects of various soil and pipeline parameters on the mechanical response of the pipeline, with particular emphasis on pipe wall failure due to “local buckling” or “kinking” and pipe wall rupture. The effects of shear soil strength and stiffness, are also investigated. Furthermore, the influence of the presence of pipeline internal pressure on the mechanical response of the steel pipeline is examined. Numerical results aim at determining the fault displacement at which the pipeline failure occurs, and they are presented in a graphical form that shows the critical fault displacement, the corresponding critical strain versus the pipe diameter-to-thickness ratio. It is expected that the results of the present study can be used for efficient pipeline design in cases where active faults are expected to impose significant ground-induced deformation to the pipeline.
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Janecke, Susanne U., Dan Markowski, Steven Jesse Thornock, James P. Evans, Alexander N. Steely, and Ann Bykerk-Kauffman. "THE STRANGE GEOMETRIES OF STRIKE-SLIP FAULTS: INSIGHTS FROM SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA’S ACTIVE FAULTS." In GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-286960.
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Li, Ying, Bin Wang, and Xin Li. "Analytical Method of Buried Steel Pipelines Subjected to Strike-Slip Faults." In ASME 2017 36th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2017-61157.
Full textAbstract:
Based on the summary of the existing analytical methods of buried steel pipelines at crossings with active strike-slip faults, an improved analytical methodology herein is proposed. Based on Karamitros model, the Ramberg-Osgood stress-strain relationships of pipe steel and the effects of nonlinear soil-pipeline interaction in both the axial and transverse directions are taken into account. Compared with existing analytical methodologies and 3D nonlinear finite element analysis, the analytical methodology presented is suitable for engineering applications due to exact and conservative results.
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Zhang, A. D., B. J. C. Li, C. W. J. Zhao, and D. Z. H. Wu. "Application of ground penetrating radar to active faults along Yushu strike-slip faults zone, Qinghai, China." In 15th International Conference on Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR) 2014. IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icgpr.2014.6970436.
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Legg, Mark R., Mike Barth, and Robert D. Francis. "High‐resolution seismic imaging of active strike‐slip faults in coastal and offshore southern California." In SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2008. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.3059144.
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Liu, Xiaoben, Hong Zhang, Mengying Xia, and Meng Li. "Buckling Behavior of Buried High Strength Steel Pipeline Under Compression Strike-Slip Fault Movement." In ASME 2017 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2017-65454.
Full textAbstract:
Active fault is the most dangerous natural hazards of buried steel pipelines, as large stress and strain induced by ground movement can lead to pipe failure, which may cause severe accidents. Based on nonlinear finite element method, local buckling behavior of buried high strength X80 steel pipelines under compression strike-slip fault was studied systematically. Accuracy of the numerical model was validated by previous full scale experimental results. A baseline analysis was performed to elucidate the local buckling phenomenon of pipe. Parametric analysis was also performed to investigate the effects of influence factors of pipe’s buckling behavior. Results shows that, when local buckling occurs, axial section force decreases abruptly. When pipe-fault intersection angle equals 135°, the maximum axial section force peaks and the critical fault displacement is the smallest. With the increase of pipe wall thickness, the maximum axial section force and the critical fault displacement increases. With the increase of pipe internal pressure, the maximum axial section force and the critical fault displacement decreases. When p = 0MPa, inward-diamond buckling occurs in the pipe. While p≥4MPa, elephant-foot buckling occurs in the pipe.
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Kang, Lin, Kui Wu, Zhongqiao Zhang, Naichuan Guo, and Jianhua Fan. "Deformation zones of the active wall of the s-shaped strike-slip fault: Forward modeling and analysis." In SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2016. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/segam2016-13956265.1.
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Zeybek, Fatih. "Innovative Construction Methods of Osmangazi Bridge." In IABSE Symposium, Guimarães 2019: Towards a Resilient Built Environment Risk and Asset Management. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/guimaraes.2019.0912.
Full textAbstract:
<p>Construction period of Osmangazi Bridge was around 39 months and a short period for a large multi span bridge in a marine environment.</p><p>The Osmangazi Bridge is situated in a very active seismic area where in 1999 the 7.6 Kocaeli earthquake occurred on the North Anatolian Fault in 1999. Therefore, the bridge is designed to resist earthquakes. The North Anatolian fault is approximately 1600 km long major right-lateral strike slip fault forming the tectonic boundary between the Eurasian Plate and Anatolian Block of the African plate.</p><p>Bridge Owner required aesthetic, seismic resistant, durable, economic, maintained bridge and fast track opening to traffic.</p><p>This paper summarizes the innovative construction technics used during construction of the Osmangazi Bridge that is fourth longest suspension bridge in the World with a main span of 1550 meters.</p>
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van Es, Sjors H. J., and Arnold M. Gresnigt. "Experimental and Numerical Investigation Into the Behavior of Buried Steel Pipelines Under Strike-Slip Fault Movement." In 2016 11th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2016-64095.
Full textAbstract:
Buried steel pipelines for water and hydrocarbon transmission in seismic regions may be subjected to large imposed deformations. When a buried pipeline crosses an active strike-slip fault, the relative motion of the two soil bodies in which is it embedded can lead to significant deformation of the pipeline and possibly to loss of containment. To be able to fully understand the effects of this movement and the interaction between pipe and soil on the strain demands in the pipeline, a novel full scale experimental setup has been developed. To allow accurate monitoring of the pipeline deformation, the pipe-surrounding soil has been replaced with appropriate nonlinear springs, leaving the pipe bare during the experiment. In a total of ten tests, the strain demand in a pipeline as a result of these ground-induced deformations has been investigated. The testing program includes variations of pipeline geometry, steel grade and internal pressure. Furthermore, cohesive and non-cohesive soils have been simulated in the tests. Observed responses of the pipeline include local buckling, high tensile strains (up to 5%) and, in one case, cracking of the pipeline. Based on experiences with these experiments, a numerical model has been developed that uses non-linear springs to model the pipe-soil interaction. By modelling the pipe and soil conditions that were simulated in the ten experiments, this model has been calibrated and validated. Comparisons between the model predictions and test results show that the numerical model is able to predict the deformational behavior of the pipeline accurately. Moreover, also the formation of local buckles is predicted with satisfying results. The results of the validation operation lead to the conclusion that the new model is performing well. By omitting the modelling of the full soil body, computation time is reduced, increasing practical use of the developed model.
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Chun, Wang, Zhang Yan, Wu Xiaozhou, Li Wenke, and Yu Tianyu. "Research of Strike-slip Faults Control Action on Buried Hill Reservoirs With Yannan Buried Hill Zone as An Example." In SPG/SEG 2016 International Geophysical Conference, Beijing, China, 20-22 April 2016. Society of Exploration Geophysicists and Society of Petroleum Geophysicists, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/igcbeijing2016-042.
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