Journal articles: 'Strikes and lockouts, coal mining'

1

Bowd, Gavin. "Franco-British communist solidarity in the miners' strikes of 1926, 1948 and 1984-85." Twentieth Century Communism 23, no. 23 (November 10, 2022): 96–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3898/175864322836165544.

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The British and French communist movements have rarely been an object of comparison, partly because of the huge difference in fortunes enjoyed by the two parties. However, one important similarity between these neighbours was the size and importance of the countries' coal industries, as well as the militancy of their mining communities, where communism took root as a serious political and cultural force. This article examines acts of solidarity by British and French Communists during the most important miners' strikes of their parties' existence: the General Strike and Lockout of 1926, the French miners' action of 1948, and the British miners' last great struggle of 1984-1985. Through the study of archival documents, the press and other sources, we explore how these disputes constitute important moments in the history of British and French communism, as well as of their countries' respective labour movements. The dispute of 1984-1985 marks a culminating point that confirms the strengths and weaknesses of British and French communism's relationship with the miners.

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Campolieti, Michele. "Strikes in British Coal Mining, 1893–1940: Testing Models of Strikes." Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society 60, no. 2 (March 31, 2021): 243–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/irel.12276.

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Kim, Hyun Woo. "Work environments and workers’ grievances: Accounting for variation in wildcat strikes in the US coal mining industry, 1970–1977." Economic and Industrial Democracy 40, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 1039–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143831x16681484.

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This article examines the role of work environments and workers’ grievances as factors generating wildcat strikes in the US coal mining industry from 1970 to 1977, a period of intense worker–management conflict. Drawing on historical and empirical evidence, it argues that the classical wage-bargaining model of authorized strike activity fails to account for variation in the incidence of wildcat strikes in general, and those in the coal mines in particular. The analysis employs a unique data set on wildcat strikes in the coal industry during the period. This article brings the analysis of the causes of wildcat strikes into closer dialogue with social and labor movement theory.

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Cohn, Samuel, and Adrienne Eaton. "Historical Limits on Neoclassical Strike Theories: Evidence from French Coal Mining, 1890–1935." ILR Review 42, no. 4 (July 1989): 649–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979398904200413.

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This study analyzes the determinants of strikes in French coal mining over the period 1890–1935. The results indicate that factors emphasized by traditional bargaining power models were more important determinants of strikes in that setting than was economic variability. This finding supports the hypothesis that neoclassical theories of strikes—Hicksian theories that strikes are a function of the parties' lack of information about the economic environment in which bargaining takes place—are inappropriate in some historical and political contexts. Specifically, the authors argue that the many settings where (as in the case considered) strikes are politically motivated, firms have simple economic structures, and collective bargaining is poorly institutionalized should provide evidence discontinuing neoclassical predictions.

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Church, Roy, Quentin Outram, and David N. Smith. "The ‘Isolated Mass’ Revisited: Strikes in British Coal Mining." Sociological Review 39, no. 1 (February 1991): 55–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954x.1991.tb02969.x.

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Church, Roy, Quentin Outram, and David N. Smith. "British Coal Mining Strikes 1893-1940: Dimensions, Distribution and Persistence." British Journal of Industrial Relations 28, no. 3 (November 1990): 329–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8543.1990.tb00999.x.

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Rössel, Jörg. "Industrial Structure, Union Strategy, and Strike Activity in American Bituminous Coal Mining, 1881-1894." Social Science History 26, no. 1 (2002): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s014555320001227x.

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The goal of this article is to describe and explain the specific strike pattern of American bituminous coal miners in the last part of the nineteenth century (between 1881 and 1894).The central thesis is that the evolution of strike patterns in bituminous coal mining differed substantially from the development of strike patterns in other industries during this period. According to scholars like Gerald Friedman (1988) and Kim Voss (1993), the evolution of the American labor movement until 1886 was strongly determined by the Knights of Labor’s strategy of inclusive unionism, which sought to increase worker power through solidarity and broad-based strikes. As this strategy proved unsuccessful—especially in 1886—American labor unions later conducted a different type of walkout: planned, small strikes of strategically located, skilled workers, which were more successful.

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Laugen, R. Todd. "Struggles for the Public Interest: Organized Labor and State Mediation in Postwar America." Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 4, no. 1 (January 2005): 69–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537781400003662.

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In his 1906 Annual Message to Congress, President Theodore Roosevelt urged support for a bill to mandate the government investigation of labor disputes before allowing workers to strike. In an “age of great corporate and labor combinations,” the president insisted “the public has itself an interest which can not wisely be disregarded; an interest not merely of general convenience, for the question of a just and proper public policy must also be considered.” Congress at the time was unmoved. Yet Roosevelt's proposal signaled a growing movement to compel the investigation and arbitration of major labor conflicts. This movement peaked in the years soon after World War I. Advocates for government mediation insisted that an impartial commission of experts could peacefully negotiate workplace disputes and spare the consuming public the contests of will and force associated with major strikes. The Progressive Era arbitration of railroad and mining conflicts established important precedents and have received significant attention from scholars. National mediation boards, however, rarely assumed the power to order participation. Such efforts were more prominent at die state level. In 1915 Colorado legislators largely implemented Roosevelt's proposal, creating the first government board with powers to ban strikes and lockouts pending an investigation in industries affected with a public interest. Soon after the war, Kansas expanded upon the Colorado precedent with a compulsory arbitration board to regulate a host of indus-tries deemed essential to the public. Programs for state mediation of labor conflicts in the postwar period were particularly bound up with questions of compulsion in the public interest.

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Church, Roy, Quentin Outram, and David N. Smith. "DOWN AND OUT IN WIGAN AND BARNSLEY: BRITISH COAL MINING STRIKES UNDER PRIVATE OWNERSHIP." Scottish Journal of Political Economy 42, no. 2 (May 1995): 127–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9485.1995.tb01150.x.

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10

Conell, Carol, and Samuel Cohn. "Learning from Other People's Actions: Environmental Variation and Diffusion in French Coal Mining Strikes, 1890-1935." American Journal of Sociology 101, no. 2 (September 1995): 366–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/230728.

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11

Nerbas, Don. "“Lawless Coal Miners” and the Lingan Strike of 1882–1883." Labour / Le Travail 92 (November 10, 2023): 81–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.52975/llt.2023v92.005.

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The Lingan strike of 1882–83 was the last in a series of strikes over a two-decade period on Cape Breton Island’s Sydney coalfield. With the use of untapped local sources, this article reconstructs the history of this understudied strike within a broader history of social relations on the coalfield. The migration of labourers from the island’s backland farms – predominantly from Highland enclave settlements – to the coal mines played a decisive role in shaping the era’s new coal mining villages and the character of social conflict. By the early 1880s, structural change associated with National Policy industrialism was eroding the old authority of the coal operators, and miners embraced the Provincial Workmen’s Association (pwa) to advance their claims in long-standing and highly localized contestations. Ultimately the coal communities themselves imposed the emergent trade unionism. The Lingan strike marked a transition to a new political order on the coalfield, structured by the place of the coal mines within the wider Cape Breton countryside and built upon a powerful localism and moral economy that recast the public sphere and the miners’ place in it.

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Franaszek, Piotr. "Ochrona” infrastruktury gospodarczej KWK „Katowice” przez Służbę Bezpieczeństwa w latach 80. XX w. (ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem sprawy obiektowej o kryptonimie „Carbon”)." Prace Historyczne 147, no. 3 (2020): 637–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/20844069ph.20.034.12488.

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“Protection” of Silesian hard coal mines by the state Security Service in the 1980s (on the example of hard coal mine “Katowice”) During the entire period of the Polish People’s Republic the Polish state security forces conducted surveillance operations of factories and other workplaces. All spheres of activity – political, social and economic – were controlled. These actions intensified in the 1980s, a unique period in the recent history of Poland, after the workers’ strikes in August 1980 and the creation of the Independent Self-Governing Trade Union (NSZZ) “Solidarność”. In response to the upheaval, the martial law was introduced, casting a grim shadow on the social and economic reality of the entire decade. Because of the importance of coal mining for the country’s economic system, the activities of state security forces were meticulously carried out in the mines, including the hard coal mine “Katowice”. All actions were controlled and recorded, not only those of workers who sympathized with powers hostile to the regime, but any event disturbing the rhythm of work – entirely coincidental events were tracked alongside possible cases of sabotage. Regardless of the real intentions behind these activities, this scrutiny of the state apparatus created a kind of chronicle of events that took place in the hard coal mine “Katowice” in the period under discussion.

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Platonova, Nonna M., and Vladimir V. Sinichenko. "Social and Economic Development of the Suchan Coal Mine in the 1920s in the Documents from the State Archive of Khabarovsk Krai." Herald of an archivist, no. 3 (2021): 816–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2021-3-816-826.

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The study addresses the socio-economic development of the Suchan coal mine, the oldest coal-mining enterprise in the Russian Far East; it draws on archival sources in order to highlight the pages of history of the coal industry in the region. Taking into account the results of their predecessors’ work, the authors study the characteristic features of the coal industry development in the Far East under the conditions of the New Economic Policy of the Soviet state. There was a lack of diversified assistance from the Center, while the attention of the party elite to the resources of extractive industries increased: these were traditionally redirected for the needs of the Western regions or exported. The novelty consists in a comprehensive study of the development of the Suchan mine in the 1920s in the context of political and socio-economic situation in the country and the region. The study shows the role of central and local authorities at the stage of reconstruction of the coal industry, the participation of trade union organizations in the formation of labor collectives in the Suchan. It considers the mechanism of regulation of ‘collective agreement relations, the participants of which were the miner trade union and the Suchan mines. Analysis of the socio-economic development of the coal mining enterprise in the era of transformation contributes to formation of ideas about the material and living condition of the miners. The causes of unstable social situation in the Suchan mines are revealed in the context of social policy of the Soviet state. There were problems with wages and unsettled system of coal mining prices, which repeatedly became a cause for conflict between the coal hewers and the administration, attempting to avoid strikes. The social image of the Suchan workers has been reconstructed: they were mostly from rural areas and kept a close connection with the village. The unsolved housing problem had an impact on the miners’ way of life. It is concluded that with completion of the restoration of the industrial sector of the Soviet Far East economy, the model of state patronage over the region had been established; alongside with military and strategic tasks, it focused on the coal industry. However, the complex of social and household problems of the Suchan miners remained unsolved.

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Yin, Dawei, Shaojie Chen, Bo Li, and Weijia Guo. "Bed separation backfill to reduce surface cracking due to mining under thick and hard conglomerate: a case study." Royal Society Open Science 6, no. 8 (August 2019): 190880. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.190880.

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After coal mining, the surface above a goaf may experience the discontinuous deformation under some special geological and mining conditions, such as surface cracking, surface step subsidence and collapse pits. Discontinuous deformation seriously threatens the safety of surface buildings and infrastructures. In this paper, the mechanism of discontinuous surface deformation and surface cracking due to coal mining under thick and hard conglomerate in the Huafeng coal mine was studied using a simulation test on similar materials. Bed separation backfill was then proposed to control surface cracking and to protect the Luli bridge. Because of lithological differences between the conglomerate and relatively weak red strata (beneath the conglomerate), the bed separation occurred between them with the advancement of the working face. When the bed separation span exceeded its breaking span, the conglomerate fractured, causing surface cracking of the downhill area and seriously damaging the stability of the Luli bridge. Three drilling holes were arranged along the strikes of the 1412 and 1613 working faces and nearly 387 000 m 3 of backfill materials (water, fly ash and gangue powder) were injected into the bed separation space to reduce or prevent fracturing of the conglomerate. The compacted backfill body supported the conglomerate and reduced the subsidence of the basin and surface ‘rebound' deformation at the edge of the subsidence basin. Clay in the red strata expanded upon contact with water, and this further backfilled the bed separation zone and supported the conglomerate. The upper and lower structures and foundation of the bridge were reinforced using various methods. It was shown that bed separation backfill effectively controlled conglomerate movement and protected the bridge with a maximum subsidence of 251 mm. No obvious surface cracks were observed near the Luli bridge.

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Irshad, Mohd, and Syed Hasan Qayed. "Determinants of Employment Intensity of Growth in India: An Insight from Panel Data." Millennial Asia, July 14, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09763996231175989.

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This study examines the employment elasticity of growth at the sectoral level using the KLEMS database for the period 1980–1981 to 2018–2019. After estimating elasticity, we employ the dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS) technique to investigate its determinants. The elasticity for the overall period falls between 0.91 and −0.039. Elasticity estimation at the sub-period level varies across three different sub-periods. Agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing, and mining and quarrying observed negative elasticity of −0.58 and −0.63, respectively, whereas services and construction show the highest positive elasticity. The DOLS estimation shows that in the full panel, labour quality and wages positively impact employment elasticity of growth, whereas the dummy representing the reforms of 1991 negatively impacts employment elasticity. The magnitude of the coefficient of the workers involved in strikes and lockouts and days lost due to strikes is zero although it is significant. The sectoral analysis shows that the sign and significance of the coefficients vary across the industries except for labour quality. Labour quality is positively significant for almost all the industries in both equations. Wages and employment elasticity observe unique patterns, for example relatively highest and lowest-paying sectors observe reduced employment elasticity. Finally, we suggest that specific policy formulation and efforts are needed to be in place to promote quality of labour and relish real demographic dividends.

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Perchard, Andrew, Keith Gildart, Ben Curtis, and Grace Millar. "Fighting for the soul of coal: Colliery closures and the moral economy of nationalization in Britain, 1947–1994." Enterprise & Society, April 10, 2024, 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/eso.2024.6.

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In this article, we explore the impact of colliery closure programs across the nationalized British coal industry. We chart the regional disparities in these and the mobilization of community opposition to national protests, leading to the national miners’ strikes of 1972, 1974, and 1984–5. This article demonstrates how closures have changed the industrial politics of mining unions for miners, junior officials, and managers and have increasingly alienated NCB officials and mining communities. We demonstrate how this undermined the ideals of nationalization. This is examined through moral economic frameworks and within the context of changes to the UK’s energy mix, with implications for contemporary deliberations on public ownership, energy transitions, and regional development.

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Gu, Chengchuan, Xiaorong Zhai, Jiwen Wu, Guangping Li, Xin Wang, Pengfei Tan, and Hongjun Hao. "Structures, deformation history and dynamic background of the Qianyingzi Coal Mine in the Huaibei Coalfield, eastern China." Frontiers in Earth Science 10 (January 25, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/feart.2022.1014918.

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The Qianyingzi Coal Mine is located in the west of the Suxian Mining District of the Huaibei Coalfield, eastern China. The study on structural development patterns and genetic mechanisms in this mine lays an important foundation for safe and efficiently underground mining, and is also the key to understanding the regional tectonic evolution. In this study, based on the analysis of three-dimensional seismic, drilling and underground measured data and regional tectonic correlation, the structures, evolution history and dynamic background of the Qianyingzi Coal Mine are discussed. The Carboniferous-Permian coal measure strata in the mine are generally a gentle syncline with a NNE-trending axis, and cut by a series of faults. The faults developed in this mine are mainly medium- and small-sized with a throw of less than 20 m, and the number of reverse faults is significantly greater than that of normal faults. The strikes of reverse and normal faults are both mainly NE, followed by NNE and nearly N‒S. According to the characteristics of structural geometry, tectonic association, fault property and cross-cutting relation, the structural deformation of coal measure strata in the Qianyingzi Coal Mine can be divided into five stages, and the corresponding tectonic stress fields are NWW‒SEE compressive stress, nearly E‒W compressive stress, NW‒SE compressive stress, nearly E‒W and NW‒SE extensional stresses, respectively. It developed the Fengjia Syncline with a NNE-trending axis in the first stage and nearly N‒S-striking reverse faults in the second stage, which were the results of foreland deformation and subsequent continent-continent collision during the convergence of the North China Craton and South China Plate in the Indosinian period. The NNE-striking reverse sinistral faults and NE-striking reverse faults developed in the third stage is related to the rapid oblique subduction of the Izanagi Plate toward the East Asian continental margin at the beginning of the Early Cretaceous in the western Pacific region. Later, the fourth and fifth stages of the nearly N‒S- and NE-SW-striking normal faults were developed under the backarc extensional background in eastern China during the Early Cretaceous. These new results can be used to guide the rational arrangement for underground mining and also provide a new understanding for regional tectonic evolution of the Huaibei Coalfield.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Strikes and lockouts, coal mining'

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