Academic literature on the topic 'String and superstring theories'

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Journal articles on the topic "String and superstring theories"

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Sato, Matsuo. "String geometry and nonperturbative formulation of string theory." International Journal of Modern Physics A 34, no. 23 (August 20, 2019): 1950126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x19501264.

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We define string geometry: spaces of superstrings including the interactions, their topologies, charts, and metrics. Trajectories in asymptotic processes on a space of strings reproduce the right moduli space of the super-Riemann surfaces in a target manifold. Based on the string geometry, we define Einstein–Hilbert action coupled with gauge fields, and formulate superstring theory nonperturbatively by summing over metrics and the gauge fields on the spaces of strings. This theory does not depend on backgrounds. The theory has a supersymmetry as a part of the diffeomorphisms symmetry on the superstring manifolds. We derive the all-order perturbative scattering amplitudes that possess the super moduli in type IIA, type IIB and SO(32) type I superstring theories from the single theory, by considering fluctuations around fixed backgrounds representing type IIA, type IIB and SO(32) type I perturbative vacua, respectively. The theory predicts that we can see a string if we microscopically observe not only a particle but also a point in the space–time. That is, this theory unifies particles and the space–time. This paper is a summary version of Ref. 1.
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Hashimoto, Koji. "Lorentz violation and vacuum structure in string theories." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 30 (January 2014): 1460274. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194514602749.

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We briefly describe what is expected in superstring theory for the Lorentz violation and related CPT violation, for non-experts. Superstring theory is an advanced theory for quantum gravity, but we are still not at a stage of evaluating possible Lorentz violations, although there are proposals for compactification mechanisms of space-time.
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ARDALAN, F., H. ARFAEI, and J. PARVIZI. "PHYSICAL REGULARIZATION AND FINITENESS OF SUPERSTRING THEORIES." Modern Physics Letters A 01, no. 05 (August 1986): 365–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732386000452.

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We provide a regularization procedure for loops in string theories based on the physical picture of joining and splitting strings. This procedure justifies the 1-loop finiteness of superstring theories. To find the regularization, maps from the string world-sheet to the complex plane are studied in detail.
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Moffat, J. W. "Superstring physics." Canadian Journal of Physics 64, no. 5 (May 1, 1986): 561–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p86-107.

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The basic features of superstring theory are reviewed with a focus on the cancellation of anomalies in SO(32) and E8 × E8 and the possible finiteness of these theories. The partition function is calculated for the multiloop string amplitudes and analyzed in detail using the functional approach to string quantization.
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Kroyter, Michael. "On string fields and superstring field theories." Journal of High Energy Physics 2009, no. 08 (August 12, 2009): 044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1126-6708/2009/08/044.

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CHAPLINE, GEORGE F. "UNIFICATION OF YANG-MILLS THEORY AND SUPERSTRINGS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 03, no. 07 (July 1988): 1663–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x88000722.

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A scheme is suggested for constructing new types of superstrings with critical dimensions D=10 and D=26 by introducing Yang-Mills potentials as auxiliary fields. The Yang-Mills gauge group is fixed by the critical dimension and the requirement that it must be spontaneously broken in order that the conformal anomaly cancel. For critical dimension D=26 a superstring may exist with an unbroken SU(3)×SU(2)×U(1) gauge invariance. This superstring has N=2 supersymmetry and is constrained to move on a nontrivial 24-dimensional complex manifold. Both the first quantized and second quantized versions of these string theories give promise of an interesting mathematical interpretation.
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TANII, YOSHIAKI, and YOSHIYUKI WATABIKI. "VERTEX FUNCTIONS IN THE PATH INTEGRAL FORMALISM OF OPEN STRING THEORIES." International Journal of Modern Physics A 03, no. 11 (November 1988): 2601–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x88001089.

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We study a systematic method to obtain the general vertex functions (of Neveu-Schwarz sector), which are used in the covariant path integral approach to the open bosonic and superstring theories. For the superstring the superspace formulation in the Wess-Zumino gauge is used to construct the vertices at the boundaries of world sheets. For both theories the vertex functions are explicitly obtained for the first four mass levels and coincide with those in the operator formalism.
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FOOT, R., and G. C. JOSHI. "SYMMETRIES OF CERTAIN PHYSICAL THEORIES AND THE JORDAN ALGEBRAS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 07, no. 15 (June 20, 1992): 3623–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x92001617.

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It is shown that the sequence of Jordan algebras [Formula: see text], whose elements are the 3 × 3 Hermitian matrices over the division algebras ℝ, [Formula: see text], ℚ and [Formula: see text], can be associated with the bosonic string as well as the superstring. The construction reveals that the space–time symmetries of the first-quantized bosonic string and superstring actions can be related. The bosonic string and the superstring are associated with the exceptional Jordan algebra while the other Jordan algebras in the [Formula: see text] sequence can be related to parastring theories. We then proceed to further investigate a connection between the symmetries of supersymmetric Lagrangians and the transformations associated with the structure group of [Formula: see text]. The N = 1 on-shell supersymmetric Lagrangians in 3, 4 and 6-dimensions with a spin 0 field and a spin 1/2 field are incorporated within the Jordan-algebraic framework. We also make some remarks concerning a possible role for the division algebras in the construction of higher-dimensional extended objects.
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SCHWARZ, JOHN H. "REVIEW OF RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN SUPERSTRING THEORY." International Journal of Modern Physics A 02, no. 03 (June 1987): 593–643. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x87000223.

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After proposing a procedure for classifying string theories, we describe the various local symmetries that can occur on the world sheet with special emphasis on Kac–Moody algebras in superconformal theories. The construction of multiloop amplitudes is briefly reviewed. Then the constraint of modular invariance is analyzed for models in which the internal degrees of freedom are described by fermions. Next we consider the construction of consistent classical solutions. A few examples are presented for both the heterotic and type II superstring theories. A brief description of some recent work in string field theory and other approaches to a nonperturbative formulation of string theory is presented.
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GIVEON, AMIT, and DIRK-JAN SMIT. "TARGET-SPACE PROPERTIES OF TOPOLOGICAL CONFORMAL FIELD THEORIES." International Journal of Modern Physics A 07, no. 05 (February 20, 1992): 973–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x92000430.

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Target-space properties of string backgrounds corresponding to topological conformal field theories are discussed. The topological string background is obtained from a "twisting" of an N = 2 superconformal field theory describing an ordinary background of the superstring. Thus, we are able to relate the duality symmetries of topological backgrounds with N = 2 backgrounds.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "String and superstring theories"

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Blair, Christopher David Andrew. "Duality and extended geometry in string theory and M-theory." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709364.

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Walton, Mark 1960. "Two scale compactification of the E(8)xE(8) heterotic string." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=75346.

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A simple two scale compactification scheme for the E(8) x E(8) heterotic string is studied. The internal space used is a direct product of two compact spaces, each with its own length scale. Compactification on the smaller 4-dimensional (4d) manifold is carried out to obtain 6d theories with simple supersymmetry (SUSY). Assuming the background torsion vanishes, we show that this manifold must be K3. Compactification on K3 is studied in detail. Also analyzed are the two possible torsion-free compactifications on the orbifold K3$ sp prime$ (the limit of the manifold K3). The compactification from 6d to 4d on the larger scale 2d manifold results in Grand Unified Theories (GUT's) with broken SUSY. We show that it is not possible to generate a realistic theory using our scheme. Strings exclude what is conceivable from the perspective of point field theories: getting a realistic GUT from a 6d theory with simple SUSY.
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Ozer, Aybike (catal). "Scherk-schwarz Reduction Of Effective String Theories In Even Dimensions." Phd thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/1137561/index.pdf.

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Scherk-Schwarz reductions are a generalization of Kaluza-Klein reductions in which the higher dimensional fields are allowed to have a dependence on the compactiifed coordinates. This is possible only if the higher dimensional theory has a global symmetry and the dependence is dictated by this symmetry. In this thesis we consider generalised Scherk Schwarz reductions of supergravity and superstring theories with twists by electromagnetic dualities that are symmetries of the equations of motion but not of the action, such as the S-duality of $D=4, N=4$ super-Yang-Mills coupled to supergravity. The reduction cannot be done on the action itself, but must be done either on the field equations or on a duality invariant form of the action, such as one in the doubled formalism in which potentials are introduced for both electric and magnetic fields. The resulting theory in odd dimensions has massive form fields satisfying a self-duality condition $dA sim m*A$. We apply these methods to theories in $D=4,6,8$, and obtain new gauged supergravity theories with massive form fields, with Chern-Simons like couplings and with a scalar potential in $D=3,5,7$.
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Sundin, Per. "Perturbative quantization of superstring theory in Anti de-Sitter spaces." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16320.

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Um das mikroskopische Verhalten der Gravitation zu beschreiben, ist es nötig, Quantenfeldtheorie und allgemeine Relativitätstheorie in einer vereinheitlichten Sprache zu formulieren. Eine Möglichkeit dieses Problem anzugehen ist es, die Punktteilchen der Quantenfeldtheorie durch fadenförmige Strings zu ersetzen. Allerdings erfordert die mathematische Konsistenz, dass sich die String in höherdimensionalen Raum-Zeiten bewegen; dies macht es jedoch sehr schwer, physikalische Konsequenzen zu extrahieren. Eine mögliche Lösung dieses Problems ist die Verwendung von String-Dualitäten, welche die Stringtheorie mittels holographischer Beschreibungen mit Eichtheorien auf dem Rand der Raum-Zeit verbinden. Die Dualitäten sind begründete Vermutungen, die die String- und Eichtheorie bei unterschiedlichen Werten der Kopplung gleichsetzen. Nicht zuletzt deshalb ist eine direkte Überprüfung der Dualitäten schwierig durchführbar. Hier hilft jedoch die sehr bemerkenswerte Tatsache, dass eine verborgene Eigenschaft der Vermutungen Integrabilität zu sein scheint, welche eine Extrapolation zwischen starker und schwacher Kopplung ermöglicht. Desweiteren kann das gesamte Spektrum, in gewissen vereinfachenden Grenzfällen, durch einen kompakten Satz von Bethe-Gleichungen ausgedrückt werden. Die Bethe-Gleichungen, welche aus Eichtheorierechnungen hergeleitet und geraten werden, bieten ein exzellentes Hilfsmittel, die vermuteten Dualitäten zu prüfen. Durch das Vergleichen der Vorhersagen der Gleichungen und expliziten Berechnungen in der Stringtheorie erhält man starke Argumente für die Gültigkeit der Vermutung und der angenommenen Integrabilität.
In this thesis we study superstring theory on AdS$_5\, \times\,$S$^5$, AdS$_3\,\times\,$S$^3$ and $\adsfour$. A shared feature of each theory is that their corresponding symmetry algebras allows for a decomposition under a $\mathbb{Z}_4$ grading. The grading can be realized through an automorphism which allows for a convenient construction of the string Lagrangians directly in terms of graded components. We adopt a uniform light-cone gauge and expand in a near plane wave limit, or equivalently, an expansion in transverse string coordinates. With a main focus on the two critical string theories, we perform a perturbative quantization up to quartic order in the number of fields. Each string theory is, through holographic descriptions, conjectured to be dual to lower dimensional gauge theories. The conjectures imply that the conformal dimensions of single trace operators in gauge theory should be equal to the energy of string states. What is more, through the use of integrable methods, one can write down a set of Bethe equations whose solutions encode the full spectral problem. One main theme of this thesis is to match the predictions of these equations, written in a language suitable for the light-cone gauge we employ, against explicit string theory calculations. We do this for a large class of string states and the perfect agreement we find lends strong support for the validity of the conjectures.
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Robinson, Matthew Brandon Cleaver Gerald B. "Towards a systematic investigation of weakly coupled free fermionic heterotic string gauge group statistics." Waco, Tex. : Baylor University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2104/5358.

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Srivastava, Yogesh K. "Dynamics of black holes and black rings in string theory." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1181586688.

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Pereira, Raul. "Correlation Functions in Integrable Theories : From weak to strong coupling." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teoretisk fysik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-320811.

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The discovery of integrability in planar N=4 super Yang-Mills and ABJM has enabled a precise study of AdS/CFT. In the past decade integrability has been successfully applied to the spectrum of anomalous dimensions, which can now be obtained at any value of the coupling. However, in order to solve conformal field theories one also needs to understand their structure constants. Recently, there has been great progress in this direction with the all-loop proposal of Basso, Komatsu and Vieira. But there is still much to understand, as it is not yet possible to use that formalism to find structure constants of short operators at strong coupling. It is important to study wrapping corrections and resum them as the TBA did for the spectrum. It is also crucial to obtain perturbative data that can be used to check if the all-loop proposal is correct or if there are new structures that need to be unveiled. In this thesis we compute several structure constants of short operators at strong coupling, including the structure constant of Konishi with half-BPS operators. Still at strong coupling, we find a relation between the building blocks of superstring amplitudes and the tensor structures allowed by conformal symmetry. We also consider the case of extremal correlation functions and the relation of their poles to mixing with double-trace operators. We also study three-point functions at weak coupling. We take the OPE limit in a four-point function of half-BPS operators in order to shed some light on the structure of five-loop wrapping corrections of the Hexagon form factors. Finally, we take the first steps in the generalization of the Hexagon programme to other theories. We find the non-extremal setup in ABJM and the residual symmetry that it preserves, which we use to fix the two-particle form factor and constrain the four-particle hexagon. Finally, we find that the Watson equations hint at a dressing phase that needs to be further investigated.
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Harper, Charles L. "On the nature of time in cosmological perspective : a comparative study of the weak and strong interaction chronometries via an analysis of high resolution ⁸⁷Rb-β-̄⁸⁷Sr, ²³⁵/²³⁸U-α-²⁰⁷/⁷⁰⁶Pb and ¹⁴²Sm-α-¹⁴³Nd isotopic age determinations of meteoritic, lunar and geological samples." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670359.

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Ranganathan, Dhruv. "Gromov-Witten Theory of Blowups of Toric Threefolds." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/hmc_theses/31.

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We use toric symmetry and blowups to study relationships in the Gromov-Witten theories of $\mathbb{P}^3$ and $\mathbb{P}^1\!\times\!\mathbb{P}^1\!\times\!\mathbb{P}^1$. These two spaces are birationally equivalent via the common blowup space, the permutohedral variety. We prove an equivalence of certain invariants on blowups at only points of $\mathbb{P}^3$ and $\mathbb{P}^1\!\times\!\mathbb{P}^1\!\times\!\mathbb{P}^1$ by showing that these invariants descend from the blowup. Further, the permutohedral variety has nontrivial automorphisms of its cohomology coming from toric symmetry. These symmetries can be forced to descend to the blowups at just points of $\mathbb{P}^3$ and $\mathbb{P}^1\!\times\!\mathbb{P}^1\!\times\!\mathbb{P}^1$. Enumerative consequences are discussed.
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Katechou, Elissavet K. "Compactification and effective low energy field theories." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.238148.

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Books on the topic "String and superstring theories"

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1949-, Piran Tsvi, and Weinberg Steven 1933-, eds. Strings and superstrings. Singapore: World Scientific, 1988.

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L, Clavelli, and Halprin A, eds. Lewes String Theory Workshop, Lewes, Delaware, 6-27 July 1985. Singapore: World Scientific, 1986.

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The Complete Idiot's Guide to String Theory. New York: Penguin USA, Inc., 2009.

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Musser, George. The complete idiot's guide to string theory. New York: Alpha, 2008.

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Alexander, Love, ed. Supersymmetric gauge field theory and string theory. Bristol: Institute of Physics Pub., 1994.

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Multiloop amplitudes in the theory of quantum strings and complex geometry. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Scientific Publishers, 2013.

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M, Green, Gross D, and University of California, Santa Barbara. Institute for Theoretical Physics., eds. Workshop on Unified String Theories: 29 July-16 August 1985, Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara. Singapore: World Scientific, 1986.

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Polchinski, Joseph Gerard. String theory. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1998.

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West, P. C. Introduction to strings and branes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012.

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String theory: An introduction to the bosonic string. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.

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Book chapters on the topic "String and superstring theories"

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Englert, F. "Torus Compactification of the Bosonic String and their Superstring Context." In Super Field Theories, 169–78. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0913-0_5.

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Wang, Zi, V. Gordon Lind, and Yong-Shi Wu. "Cosmological Vacuum Configuration in Superstring Theories with only Three-Space Expanding." In Relativity, Supersymmetry, and Strings, 107–14. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-9504-5_9.

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Erbin, Harold. "Superstring." In String Field Theory, 339–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65321-7_17.

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Brink, Lars, and Marc Henneaux. "The Superstring." In Principles of String Theory, 237–72. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0909-3_16.

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Preitschopf, Christian R. "The Gluing Theorem in the Operator Formulation of String Field Theory." In Superstrings, 39–50. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1015-0_4.

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King, Ronald C. "String and Superstring Spectra." In Symmetries in Science III, 545–57. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0787-7_36.

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Hebecker, Arthur. "String Theory: Interactions and Superstring." In Naturalness, String Landscape and Multiverse, 117–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65151-0_4.

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Manca, Vincenzo. "String Models and String Theories." In Formal Languages and Applications, 439–56. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-39886-8_23.

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Viswanathan, K. S., G. Fogleman, and Brenden Wong. "Superstring Compactification On S6 With Torsion." In Super Field Theories, 467–72. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0913-0_24.

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Mann, R. B. "On the Evaluation of Superstring Anomalies." In Super Field Theories, 389–97. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0913-0_16.

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Conference papers on the topic "String and superstring theories"

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Berkovits, Nathan. "Covariant quantization of the superstring." In STRING THEORY; 10th Tohwa University International Symposium on String Theory. AIP, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1454354.

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LU, J. X. "WHY ARE PERTURBATIVE SUPERSTRING THEORIES INCOMPLETE?" In Proceedings of the Third Joint Meeting of Chinese Physicists Worldwide. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812776785_0048.

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Galli, Pietro, Patrick Meessen, Tomás Ortín, Jan Perz, and C. S. Shahbazi. "Black holes in Supergravity and Superstring theories." In TOWARDS NEW PARADIGMS: PROCEEDING OF THE SPANISH RELATIVITY MEETING 2011. AIP, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4734408.

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Senianović, G., and A. Smirnov. "Phenomenological Aspects of Superstring Theories (PAST-97)." In Workshop. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814528498.

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ABBAS, AFSAR. "ON STANDARD MODEL HIGGS AND SUPERSTRING THEORIES." In Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812792433_0015.

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Greene, Brian R., Kelley H. Kirklin, and Paul J. Miron. "Topology and Geometry in Superstring-Inspired Phenomenology." In Proceedings of the Conference on Mathematical Aspects of String Theory. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812798411_0024.

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AREF'EVA, I. YA, D. M. BELOV, A. A. GIRYAVETS, A. S. KOSHELEV, and P. B. MEDVEDEV. "NONCOMMUTATIVE FIELD THEORIES AND (SUPER)STRING FIELD THEORIES." In Proceedings of the XI Jorge André Swieca Summer School. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812777317_0001.

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Smolin, Lee. "Matrix models as hidden variables theories." In STRING THEORY; 10th Tohwa University International Symposium on String Theory. AIP, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1454379.

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LEITES, DIMITRY, and CHRISTOPH SACHSE. "ON CRITICAL DIMENSIONS OF STRING THEORIES." In Proceedings of the 12th Regional Conference. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812770523_0005.

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Douglas, Michael R. "Is the best superstring model NP complete? Spaces of quantum field theories." In Proceedings of the International School of Subnuclear Physics. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814374125_0002.

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Reports on the topic "String and superstring theories"

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Bergman, O., and C. B. Thorn. String bit models for superstring. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/179289.

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Chang, L., and C. Tze. (Investigations in guage theories, topological solitons and string theories). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5580416.

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Hellerman, Simeon. GEOMETRIC CONSTRUCTIONS OF NONGEOMETRIC STRING THEORIES. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/801814.

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Silverstein, Eva M. Multiple-Trace Operators and Non-Local String Theories. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/784977.

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Cai, Wenjie, and Hwan-Ching Tai. String Theories: Chemical Secrets of Italian Violins and Chinese Guqins. AsiaChem Magazine, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.51167/acm00006.

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The most valuable musical instruments in the world are 17-18th century violins from Cremona, Italy (made by Stradivari and Guarneri), and Chinese guqins (7-string zithers) from the 8-13th century. Today, musicians still prefer these antique instruments for their superior acoustic qualities that cannot be reproduced by later makers. Over the centuries, many theories have been proposed to explain the unique playing properties of famous violins and guqins, but most are based on conjectures rather than factual evidence.
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Yin, Zheng. Dirichlet branes and nonperturbative aspects of supersymmetric string and gauge theories. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/753013.

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Saririan, Kamran. Topics in N = 1 supergravity in four dimensions and superstring effective field theories beyond tree-level. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/505362.

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8

Silverstein, Eva M. Nonlocal String Theories on AdS{sub 3} x S{sup 3} and Stable Non-Supersymmetric Backgrounds. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/798959.

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9

Investigations in gauge theories, topological solitons and string theories. Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10157040.

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