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Journal articles on the topic 'Stroke etiology'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Panel, J. P. Mohr, Gregory W. Albers, et al. "Etiology of Stroke." Stroke 28, no. 7 (1997): 1501–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.str.28.7.1501.

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Bartoszek, Lidia, Wojciech Kapłan, Jan Ostański, et al. "Etiology and Risk Factors for Strokes in the Pediatric Population." Journal of Education, Health and Sport 52 (January 13, 2024): 181–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2024.52.013.

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Pediatric arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) and hemorrhagic stroke represent a relatively uncommon yet significant source of neurological challenges for neonates and children, resulting in outcomes such as hemiparesis, intellectual disabilities, and epilepsy. The etiology of pediatric strokes differs from the typical causes seen in adult stroke cases. Therefore, understanding the specific risk factors associated with strokes in children is crucial for facilitating early diagnosis, which regrettably remains frequently delayed. AIS incidence varies due to factors such as patient age, types of cereb

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Boodt, Nikki, Kars C. J. Compagne, Bruna G. Dutra, et al. "Stroke Etiology and Thrombus Computed Tomography Characteristics in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke." Stroke 51, no. 6 (2020): 1727–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.119.027749.

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Background and Purpose— If a relationship between stroke etiology and thrombus computed tomography characteristics exists, assessing these characteristics in clinical practice could serve as a useful additional diagnostic tool for the identification of stroke subtype. Our purpose was to study the association of stroke etiology and thrombus computed tomography characteristics in patients with acute ischemic stroke due to a large vessel occlusion. Methods— For 1429 consecutive patients enrolled in the MR CLEAN Registry, we determined stroke cause as defined by the TOAST (Trial of ORG 10172 in Ac

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Ramazanov, G. R., T. A. Magomedov, L. T. Khamidova, N. V. Rybalko, S. S. Petrikov, and N. A. Shamalov. "Etiology of Cryptogenic Stroke." Russian Sklifosovsky Journal "Emergency Medical Care" 8, no. 3 (2019): 302–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.23934/2223-9022-2019-8-3-302-314.

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Ischemic stroke is a heterogeneous syndrome with a plurality of potential etiological factors. The routine diagnosis does not always allow the cause of acute cerebrovascular accident to be found, in such cases we talk about cryptogenic ischemic stroke, which incidence is 20-40%. The category of patients with cryptogenic stroke was first characterized and assigned to a separate group in the database of the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke in the USA, and later in the TOAST study. The diagnosis of cryptogenic stroke is usually based on the exclusion of well-known causes of

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Dulli, Douglas A., Shanker N. Dixit, Ross L. Levine, and Robert J. Dempsey. "Acute Ischemic Stroke of Undetermined Etiology in a University Hospital." Stroke 32, suppl_1 (2001): 340. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/str.32.suppl_1.340-d.

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P8 Objectives: Ischemic stroke is classified as of undetermined etiology in approximately 30% of cohorts in many clinical studies of stroke, including the Trial of ORG 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST). We investigated this undetermined etiology classification in our own in-hospital ischemic stroke population, and sought to determine clinical features of acute ischemic stroke which may be more or less predictive of an undetermined etiology. Methods: The medical records of patients admitted to the University Hospital with ischemic stroke between 1990 and 1998 were reviewed. Etiologic clas

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Licata-Gehr, Eloise E. "Etiology of Stroke Subtypes." Nursing Clinics of North America 26, no. 4 (1991): 943–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0029-6465(22)00307-3.

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Schneider, Siim, Alina Kornejeva, Riina Vibo, and Janika Kõrv. "Risk Factors and Etiology of Young Ischemic Stroke Patients in Estonia." Stroke Research and Treatment 2017 (2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/8075697.

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Objectives. Reports on young patients with ischemic stroke from Eastern Europe have been scarce. This study aimed to assess risk factors and etiology of first-ever and recurrent stroke among young Estonian patients. Methods. We performed a retrospective study of consecutive ischemic stroke patients aged 18–54 years who were treated in our two hospitals from 2003 to 2012. Results. We identified 741 patients with first-ever stroke and 96 patients with recurrent stroke. Among first-time patients, men predominated in all age groups. The prevalence of well-documented risk factors in first-time stro

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van Alebeek, Mayte E., Renate M. Arntz, Merel S. Ekker, et al. "Risk factors and mechanisms of stroke in young adults: The FUTURE study." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 38, no. 9 (2017): 1631–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0271678x17707138.

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Incidence of ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack in young adults is rising. However, etiology remains unknown in 30–40% of these patients when current classification systems designed for the elderly are used. Our aim was to identify risk factors according to a pediatric approach, which might lead to both better identification of risk factors and provide a stepping stone for the understanding of disease mechanism, particularly in patients currently classified as “unknown etiology”. Risk factors of 656 young stroke patients (aged 18–50) of the FUTURE study were categorized according to

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Aglave, Vikram, Shashank Nagendra, Pawan T. Ojha, et al. "Unusual etiology of stroke in young adults: think of Takayasu’s arteritis." International Journal of Advances in Medicine 8, no. 4 (2021): 594. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20211061.

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Takayasu arteritis is an uncommon inflammatory disease of vessels that preferentially affects the aorta and its major branches. It can be a potential cause of stroke in young adults. Current study included 7 patients aged between 18 to 48 years. Each patient had varying presentations of stroke with Takayasu’s arteritis along with other neurological symptoms. Four of the 7 patients presented with ischemic strokes, one with hemorrhagic stroke, one with TIAs and one with syncopal attacks. All the patients had elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rates. Five of the seven patients were treated with s

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Anastasiadi, Anatoli, Chiara Bott, Daniel Kitterer, et al. "Primary antiphospholipid syndrome in the elderly: Four strokes and mechanical thrombectomies until the diagnosis - A case report." Brain Circulation 10, no. 2 (2024): 184–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/bc.bc_67_23.

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Abstract: Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is known as a rare etiology of embolic ischemic stroke. In individuals below 50 years, up to 20% of strokes are associated with APS, whereas in patients >50 years, it is considered a very seldom cause of stroke. We describe the course of a 66-year-old white woman, who experienced four embolic strokes with large vessel occlusion over a period of 2 years, which were repeatedly and successfully treated by mechanical thrombectomy. Initially attributed to atrial fibrillation and treated with direct oral anticoagulants, the patient was finally diagnosed w

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Daneshvari, Nicholas Omid, and Michelle Christina Johansen. "Associations between cerebral magnetic resonance imaging infarct volume and acute ischemic stroke etiology." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (2021): e0256458. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256458.

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Background Identifying ischemic stroke etiology is necessary for proper treatment and secondary prevention. We sought to define associations between infarct volume and stroke subtypes. Materials and methods Inclusion criteria necessitated a Johns Hopkins Hospital inpatient admission (2017–2019) for ischemic stroke with confirmatory brain magnetic resonance imaging. Infarct volume was calculated using MRIcron© by a masked reviewer. Ischemic strokes were adjudicated using TOAST classification. Multivariable/multinomial logistic regression determined associations between infarct volume and stroke

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McMahon, Naoimh E., Munirah Bangee, Valerio Benedetto, et al. "Etiologic Workup in Cases of Cryptogenic Stroke." Stroke 51, no. 5 (2020): 1419–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.119.027123.

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Background and Purpose— Identifying the etiology of acute ischemic stroke is essential for effective secondary prevention. However, in at least one third of ischemic strokes, existing investigative protocols fail to determine the underlying cause. Establishing etiology is complicated by variation in clinical practice, often reflecting preferences of treating clinicians and variable availability of investigative techniques. In this review, we systematically assess the extent to which there exists consensus, disagreement, and gaps in clinical practice recommendations on etiologic workup in acute

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Song, Sarah, Richard E. Burgess, and Chelsea S. Kidwell. "Racial Differences by Ischemic Stroke Subtype: A Comprehensive Diagnostic Approach." Stroke Research and Treatment 2012 (2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/735097.

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Background. Previous studies have suggested that black populations have more small-vessel and fewer cardioembolic strokes. We sought to analyze racial differences in ischemic stroke subtype employing a comprehensive diagnostic workup with magnetic resonance-imaging-(MRI-) based evaluation including diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI).Methods. 350 acute ischemic stroke patients admitted to an urban hospital with standardized comprehensive diagnostic evaluations were retrospectively analyzed. Ischemic stroke subtype was determined by three Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) classi

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Lee, Seung-Hoon. "Stroke Update 2012: Etiology and Mechanism of Stroke." Korean Journal of Stroke 14, no. 3 (2012): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.5853/kjs.2012.14.3.116.

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15

Lanthier, S., I. Chevalier, A. Larbrisseau, et al. "Etiology of stroke in children." Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases 6, no. 6 (1997): 469. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1052-3057(97)80178-4.

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Steve Roach, E. "Etiology of stroke in children." Seminars in Pediatric Neurology 7, no. 4 (2000): 244–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/spen.2000.20078.

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17

Ferrera, Peter C., Carrol B. Curran, and Holly Swanson. "Etiology of pediatric ischemic stroke." American Journal of Emergency Medicine 15, no. 7 (1997): 671–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0735-6757(97)90183-2.

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18

Petrukhin, A. S., M. Yu Bobylova, and S. V. Michailova. "Etiology of stroke in children." Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii im. S.S. Korsakova 115, no. 3 (2015): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17116/jnevro20151153264-74.

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19

Meschia, James F. "Diagnostic Evaluation of Stroke Etiology." CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology 29, no. 2 (2023): 412–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/con.0000000000001206.

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M, Konda, Varalakshmi EA, Patil A, et al. "Risk factors and subtypes of ischemic strokes in young adults: A tertiary care hospital study from southern part of India." Journal of Medical and Scientific Research 13, no. 2 (2025): 101–6. https://doi.org/10.17727/jmsr.2024/13-18.

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Background: In the last few decades ischemic stroke in young adults (15-45 years) has been increasingly reported. This study was aimed to evaluate the epidemiological features, risk factors and mechanisms of ischemic stroke in young adults. Methods: From June 2018 to February 2020, patients diagnosed with ischemic stroke in the age group of 15-45 years from a tertiary care referral hospital in Hyderabad, India, were consecutively enrolled to study their risk factors, mechanisms and outcome. Results: Out of 971 patients of ischemic strokes 164 (16.8%) were young adults, among whom 113 (69%) wer

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Sidow, Nor Osman, Nilüfer Kög, Mohamed Sheikh Hassan, and Mohamed Hayir Tahlil Mohamud. "Estimated Burden and Risk Factors of Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Strokes in a Tertiary Hospital, Mogadishu-Somalia: A Cross-Sectional Study." Somalia Turkiye Medical Journal (STMJ) 2, no. 3 (2023): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.58322/stmj.v2i3.28.

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Objective: In Somalia, a country in East Africa, no data is available about key features of stroke such as incidence, prevalence, mortality, or stroke subtypes. The objective of this study is to show the burden of stroke, both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, and its risk factors in Somalia. Materials and Methods: We conducted a hospital-based retrospective study. Patients were recruited from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2019, at the Mogadishu Somali Turkey Recep Tayyip Erdogan Training and Research Hospital. Results: A total of 292 participants with stroke (65.4% male and 34.6% women) wer

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Khorvash, Fariborz, Mabobeh Khalili, Roya Rezvani Habibabadi, et al. "Comparison of acute ischemic stroke evaluation and the etiologic subtypes between university and nonuniversity hospitals in Isfahan, Iran." International Journal of Stroke 14, no. 6 (2019): 613–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747493019828648.

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Background and purpose Performing a proper causative workup for ischemic stroke patients is essential as it guides the direction of primary and secondary preventions. We aim to investigate the etiological evaluation of these patients in university and nonuniversity hospitals. Method We enrolled subjects from the Persian Registry of Cardiovascular Disease–stroke. Stroke patients were categorized base on an etiological-based classification (Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment or TOAST) into five groups. We also separated patients with ischemic stroke of undetermined etiology due to inco

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Pellín Jou, Clàudia, Jose Manuel Campos Zarraquiños, Laura Palomo, et al. "Clonal Hematopoiesis of Indeterminate Potential (CHIP) Related to the Etiology of Ischemic Stroke." Blood 142, Supplement 1 (2023): 5601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2023-180508.

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Introduction: Clonal Hematopoiesis of Indeterminate Potential (CHIP) is associated with cardiovascular disease, including acute myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke, due to immune system dysregulation leading to increased atherosclerotic plaque formation and inflammation. Approximately 25-40% of ischemic strokes have an unknown cause even after a comprehensive etiological study and are eventually categorized as cryptogenic strokes. Our hypothesis is that the presence of CHIP could represent a biomarker for atherosclerotic or cardioembolic ischemic stroke and help to clarify the origin of

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Griffiths, Dayna, and Jonathan Sturm. "Epidemiology and Etiology of Young Stroke." Stroke Research and Treatment 2011 (2011): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/209370.

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Introduction. Stroke in people under 45 years of age is less frequent than in older populations but has a major impact on the individual and society. In this article we provide an overview of the epidemiology and etiology of young stroke.Methods. This paper is based on a review of population-based studies on stroke incidence that have included subgroup analyses for patients under 45 years of age, as well as smaller community-based studies and case-series specifically examining the incidence of stroke in the young. Trends are discussed along with the relative frequencies of various etiologies.D

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Rodríguez-Yáñez, Manuel, Tomás Sobrino, Miguel Blanco, et al. "High Serum Levels of Pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide (pro BNP) Identify Cardioembolic Origin in Undetermined Stroke." Disease Markers 26, no. 4 (2009): 189–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/351591.

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Background: Stroke subtype diagnosis leads to specific therapies to reduce recurrences. Because nearly one third of patients remain with unknown etiology after a complete screening workup, we aim to investigate whether molecular markers of myocardial damage were associated with cardioembolic stroke and if they were useful to reclassify strokes of undetermined etiology.Methods: We included 262 patients with first ischemic stroke within the first 12 hours. Stroke subtype was evaluated by TOAST criteria. Stroke of undetermined origin were reclassified into likely atherothrombotic or likely cardio

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Purrucker, Jan C., Kyra Hölscher, Jennifer Kollmer, and Peter A. Ringleb. "Etiology of Ischemic Strokes of Patients with Atrial Fibrillation and Therapy with Anticoagulants." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 9 (2020): 2938. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9092938.

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Background: Reducing the number of ischemic strokes in patients with atrial fibrillation despite oral anticoagulation remains an important, yet largely unsolved challenge. Therefore, we assessed the etiology of ischemic strokes despite anticoagulation with vitamin K antagonists (VKA) or non-VKA oral anticoagulants (NOACs). Methods: Patients with known atrial fibrillation (AF), treatment with VKA or NOAC, and acute ischemic stroke admitted between 2015 and 2018 (1st half) were identified from the hospital database. Brain imaging data were independently reviewed. An integrated etiologic classifi

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ROMAN-FILIP, Corina, and Maria-Gabriela CATANĂ. "Stroke in young adults – a challenge for etiology, treatment and rehabilitation." Balneo Research Journal, Vol.11, no.4 (December 5, 2020): 425–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.12680/balneo.2020.373.

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Strokes occur rarely in individuals under the age of 45 and are even more uncommon under the age of 30, the etiology of this pathology in young adults being generally related to unknown or unusual causes. We present the cases of three young adults that suffered strokes with three different unusual etiologies. The three men were 30, 36 and 43 years old, with no pathological antecedents, with neurological symptoms characteristic for stroke. Because the differential diagnostics are sometimes tricky, in all three cases imagery was very helpful. It is necessary to emphasize that in these cases one

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McNutt, Michelle K., Cedar Slovacek, David Rosenbaum, et al. "Different strokes: differences in the characteristics and outcomes of BCVI and non-BCVI strokes in trauma patients." Trauma Surgery & Acute Care Open 5, no. 1 (2020): e000457. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tsaco-2020-000457.

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BackgroundAlthough strokes are rare in trauma patients, they are associated with worse functional and cognitive outcomes and decreased mobility. Blunt cerebrovascular injury (BCVI)–related strokes and mortality have decreased, likely due to refined screening and treatment algorithms in trauma literature; however, there is a paucity of research addressing non-BCVI strokes in trauma. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the incidence, etiology, and risk factors of stroke in our trauma population in order to identify preventive strategies.MethodsThis study was a retrospective review of all ad

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Stornello, Michele, Roberto Cappellani, Giuseppe Micieli, et al. "Cryptogenic stroke." Italian Journal of Medicine 10, no. 3 (2016): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/itjm.2016.682.

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Although in the last few years emerging conventional and unconventional radiological and laboratory techniques have shed light on different pathophysiologic causes of stroke, nowadays almost 25% of ischemic strokes results of undetermined etiology. Different diagnostic criteria have been developed to define cryptogenic stroke and to establish its prevalence in stroke units. Different studies tried to unravel mechanisms of cryptogenic stroke and to evaluate adequate primary and secondary preventive measures, but standardized diagnostic and therapeutic strategies are still missing. In this revie

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Patra, Chaitali, Shatanik Sarkar, Debasree Guha, and Malay K. Dasgupta. "Clinico-etiological profile of childhood stroke in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Eastern India." Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice 06, no. 04 (2015): 515–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0976-3147.165414.

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ABSTRACT Background: The clinical pattern and etiology of stroke may vary over time or with geographical location. In Asian countries, specific etiology and outcome of childhood stroke have been rarely reported. Objective: To determine the clinical and etiological pattern of childhood stroke and their outcome in a Tertiary Care Center. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Kolkata over a period of 3 years. All children from 6 months to 12 years, diagnosed as childhood stroke by radio-imaging were included in our study. Children presenting with paraplegi

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Jo, Ki Hun, Yoon Soo Seo, Jae Hwan Kwon, and Joo Yeon Kim. "Two Cases of Cerebral Infarction after Endoscopic Sinus Surgery." Korean Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 64, no. 7 (2021): 505–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3342/kjorl-hns.2020.01004.

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Perioperative stroke is one of the most fatal complications for patients as well as for doctors. It is defined as a brain infarction or hemorrhage, occurring during or within 30 days after a surgical procedure. Most of the perioperative strokes have ischemic etiology while only 1% has hemorrhagic etiology, according to one study. The incidence of perioperative stroke is influenced by the complexity and type of the surgery. Generally, its incidence is very low, being about to 0.1-1.9%, with majority of the cases pertaining to cardiac, vascular, neurological surgeries. Based on our research, mos

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Lütschg, Jürg, and Burkhard Simma. "Epidemiology and etiology of pediatric stroke." Journal of Pediatric Neurology 08, no. 03 (2015): 245–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jpn-2010-0402.

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Ramos-Lopes, Joana, Ricardo Varela, Rui Pascoal, et al. "Phospholipase A2 and Ischemic Stroke Etiology." Neurologist 26, no. 2 (2021): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/nrl.0000000000000329.

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Kakarla, S., R. Lotlikar, N. Namboodiri, and S. E. Sreedharan. "Atrial Cardiopathy: Etiology of recurrent stroke." Indian Pacing and Electrophysiology Journal 22, no. 2 (2022): 120–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ipej.2022.02.011.

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Eugene Marsh, E., José Biller, Daniel Tranel, Harold P. Adams, and Laurie E. Knepper. "Etiology of stroke in Broca's aphasia." Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases 1, no. 2 (1991): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1052-3057(11)80001-7.

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Kutlubaev, M. A., and E. N. Khasanova. "Current approaches to diagnosis and prevention of ishemic stroke." Clinical Medicine (Russian Journal) 96, no. 5 (2018): 389–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0023-2149-2018-96-5-389-396.

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Etiology ofembolic stroke is very heterogeneous. It could be related to large vessel disease, small vessel disease, thromboembolism of cardiac origin. Clarification of etiology of stroke is important prerequisite for adequate selection of its secondary prevention measures. Standard work-up allows identification of its etiology in 60-90% of cases. 1n the rest 10-40% of cases stroke is considered cryptogenic. The majority of cryptogenic strokes are embolic. In keeping with this, a concept of embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS) was suggested. 1n the paper authors review most sigificant c

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Ellsworth, Patrick, Ho-Joon Lee, Lauren Sansing, Lee Schwamm, Neeharika Thottempudi, and Richa Sharma. "Abstract WMP73: Evolution of Ischemic Stroke Etiology Diagnosis During Stroke Hospitalization." Stroke 56, Suppl_1 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1161/str.56.suppl_1.wmp73.

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Background: During the course of an ischemic stroke hospitalization, the initial diagnosis of the causative mechanism or etiology of stroke may evolve. We aimed to quantify the degree to which patients with initial etiologic diagnosis are reclassified during the hospitalization and frequencies of reclassified diagnoses. Methods: This retrospective cohort consisted of all patients from a single center recorded in the institutional Get-with-the-guidelines Stroke registry from September 2015-December 2020 with a stroke etiology entered who were evaluated by at least 1 vascular neurologist. The st

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Gordon, David Lee, and Sarah R. Durica. "Hypercoagulable states in young adults with ischemic stroke in a Stroke Belt state: a retrospective study." Frontiers in Neurology 15 (January 6, 2025). https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2024.1393999.

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We theorize that the southeastern United States has a higher stroke mortality rate and higher recurrent ischemic stroke rate than the rest of the United States due to (1) an increased prevalence of hypercoagulable states among young adults in the region, (2) failure to diagnose hypercoagulable states as the cause of ischemic stroke in young adults, and (3) underutilization of anticoagulation for ischemic stroke secondary prevention in young adults with hypercoagulable states. In an attempt to investigate this hypothesis, we conducted a retrospective chart review of 311 inpatients with first-ev

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Alloush, Ramy, Nahed Salah Eldin, Hala El-Khawas, et al. "Pediatric vs. adult stroke: comparative study in a tertiary referral hospital, Cairo, Egypt." Egyptian Journal of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery 58, no. 1 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s41983-022-00514-5.

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Abstract Background Even though stroke is rare in children, it is associated with serious or life-threatening consequences. Despite its rarity, the occurrence of stroke in children has age-related differences in risk factors, etiopathogenesis, and clinical presentations. Unlike adults, who have arteriosclerosis as the major cause of stroke, risk factors for pediatric strokes are multiple, including cardiac disorders, infection, prothrombotic disorders, moyamoya disease, moyamoya syndrome, and others. The goal of the current study was to compare the characteristics, clinical features, etiology,

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Kwon, Hanim, Sung Shin, Chung Hee Baek, et al. "Characteristics of stroke after liver and kidney transplantation." Frontiers in Neurology 14 (March 22, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2023.1123518.

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BackgroundThe mechanism and characteristics of a post-transplantation stroke may differ between liver (LT) and kidney transplantation (KT), as the associated comorbidities and peri-surgical conditions are different. Herein, we investigated the characteristics and etiologies of stroke occurring after LT and KT.MethodsConsecutive patients who received LT or KT between January 2005 to December 2020 who were diagnosed with ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke after transplantation were enrolled. Ischemic strokes were further classified according to the etiologies. The characteristics of stroke, includin

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Tolcher, Heather, Carson A. Finger, Deepa Dongarwar, Hilda Anhstedt, and Bharti Manwani. "Abstract TP245: Identifying Ischemic Stroke Etiology Through Cytokine Biomarkers." Stroke 55, Suppl_1 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/str.55.suppl_1.tp245.

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Background: Ischemic stroke can arise from various etiologies, such as cardioembolism, atherosclerosis, small vessel disease or cryptogenic. Accurate identification of stroke etiology is vital for secondary stroke prevention. Accumulating evidence suggests that an imbalance of neuroprotective and neuroinflammatory cytokines may contribute to stroke outcomes. Interleukin-2 receptor subunit α (IL-2Rα), a cell surface protein that regulates lymphocyte activation, has been shown to have either pro-atherosclerotic or atheroprotective roles through activation of lymphocytes or regulatory T cells, re

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Asil, Talip, Mehmet Kolukisa, Bahar Aksay Koyuncu, and Alişan Bayrakoglu. "Does Diffusion restriction pattern on MRI predict stroke etiology in a cancer patient?" Current Medical Imaging Formerly Current Medical Imaging Reviews 19 (December 30, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573405619666221230115119.

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Background: Stroke and cancer are two of the most common health problems. Moreover, stroke is more common in patients with cancer than in the normal population, due to coagulation problems. Knowing the etiology of stroke is important for determining treatment options. This study aimed to determine the relationship between ischemic lesion topographies using diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the etiology of stroke in patients with cancer. Patients and Methods: All patients with ischemic stroke in the Bezmialem Stroke Registry over a 4-year period were retrospectively analyz

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Nouh, Amre, Tapan Mehta, Mohamed Hussain, Xianyuan Song, and Martin Ollenschleger. "Clot composition of embolic strokes of undetermined source: a feasibility study." BMC Neurology 20, no. 1 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12883-020-01969-w.

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Abstract Background A number of emerging studies have evaluated clot composition in acute ischemic stroke. Studies of clot composition of embolic strokes of undetermined strokes are lacking. Objectives We sought to analyze the RBC to platelet ratios in clots and correlated our findings with stroke etiology. Methods This was a prospective study analyzing clots retrieved by mechanical thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke patients at our institution. All clots were stained and scanned at 200x magnification by using a Scanscope XT digital scanner (Apergio, Vista, California). Image-J software (Na

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Berghout, Bernhard P., Robin YR Camarasa, Dianne HK Van Dam-Nolen, et al. "Burden of intracranial artery calcification in white patients with ischemic stroke." European Stroke Journal, March 20, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23969873241239787.

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Introduction: The diagnostic workup of stroke doesn’t identify an underlying cause in two-fifths of ischemic strokes. Intracranial arteriosclerosis is acknowledged as a cause of stroke in Asian and Black populations, but is underappreciated as such in whites. We explored the burden of Intracranial Artery Calcification (IAC), a marker of intracranial arteriosclerosis, as a potential cause of stroke among white patients with recent ischemic stroke or TIA. Patients and methods: Between December 2005 and October 2010, 943 patients (mean age 63.8 (SD ± 14.0) years, 47.9% female) were recruited, of

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Markus, Arnold, Schütz Valerie, and Katan Mira. "Promising Biomarker Candidates for Cardioembolic Stroke Etiology. A Brief Narrative Review and Current Opinion." Frontiers in Neurology 12 (February 25, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2021.624930.

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Determining the cause of stroke is considered one of the main objectives in evaluating a stroke patient in clinical practice. However, ischemic stroke is a heterogeneous disorder and numerous underlying disorders are implicated in its pathogenesis. Although progress has been made in identifying individual stroke etiology, in many cases underlying mechanisms still remain elusive. Since secondary prevention strategies are tailored toward individual stroke mechanisms, patients whose stroke etiology is unknown may not receive optimal preventive treatment. Cardioembolic stroke is commonly defined a

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Emara, Gomana, Carson Finger, Tan ChunFeng, Deepa Dongarwar, Sunil Sheth, and Bharti Manwani. "Abstract WP215: Increase In CD11b Positive Inflammatory Cells In Cardioembolic And Cryptogenic Strokes: A Study Of Thrombi From Stroke Patients." Stroke 54, Suppl_1 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/str.54.suppl_1.wp215.

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Introduction: Around 25-40% of ischemic strokes are cryptogenic or strokes of undetermined etiology. Determination of stroke etiology can be challenging, requiring extensive diagnostic testing including long term monitoring for occult atrial fibrillation. Recent studies suggest that inflammation (monocytes/ macrophages driven) and fibrosis in the atrial substrate leads to atrial fibrillation/ cardioembolic strokes. Therefore, we hypothesized that clots collected from patients with cardioembolic stroke during thrombectomy will have increased myeloid derived inflammatory cells as compared to oth

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Schwarzenhofer, Daniel C., Tim von Oertzen, Serge Weis, et al. "Thrombo-CARE—cardioembolic stroke etiology in cryptogenic stroke suggested by fibrin-/platelet-rich clot histology." Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift, November 11, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10354-024-01060-w.

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Summary Background Despite extensive diagnostic efforts, the etiology of stroke remains unclear in up to 30% of patients. Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) potentially enhances etiological determination by (immuno)histological analysis of retrieved thrombotic material. Methods In this monocentric exploratory study, clots from 200 patients undergoing MT were investigated by hematoxylin and eosin, CD3, and CD45 staining. Semiquantitative and computer-based image analysis defined the histological composition and relative fractions of immunohistochemically stained areas. First, we correlated these resu

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Vavrova, J., B. Koznar, T. Peisker, et al. "Stroke etiology by occlusion site – data from the PRAGUE 16 study." European Heart Journal 41, Supplement_2 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.2426.

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Abstract Background Catheter-based thrombectomy (CBT) is the most effective treatment for acute ischemic stroke. Endovascular treatment program - Prague 16 was established in tertiary university hospital in 2012 as result of close cooperation among cardiologists, neurologists and radiologists. The aim of this substudy is to analyze relationship between stroke localization and its etiology. Methods Single center, prospective registry of consecutive patients (pts) treated by CBT for acute ischemic stroke. Total of 214 pts (median 70 ys, range 21–92 ys, men 53.3%) were enrolled between 2012 and 2

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Roessler, Florian C., Nicolas Kalms, Florian Jann, et al. "First approach to distinguish between cardiac and arteriosclerotic emboli of individual stroke patients applying the histological THROMBEX-classification rule." Scientific Reports 11, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-87584-2.

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AbstractEndovascular treatment of strokes caused by large vessel occlusion enables the histopathological investigation of the retrieved embolus, possibly providing a novel opportunity to contribute to the diagnostic workup of etiology and to define secondary prevention measures in strokes with uncertain genesis. We aimed to develop a classification rule based on pathophysiological considerations and adjustment to reference thrombi for distinction between cardiac and arteriosclerotic emboli and to validate this classification rule on a patient cohort. From 125 patients with stroke due to large

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Juega, Jesus, Jorge Pagola, Carlos Palacio, et al. "Abstract WMP62: High Linfocytes B Cells In Intracranial Thrombi Represent A Biomarker Of Atherothrombotic Stroke." Stroke 51, Suppl_1 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/str.51.suppl_1.wmp62.

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Approximately 30% of strokes are cryptogenic despite an exhaustive in-hospital work-up Analysis of clot composition following endovascular treatment could provide insight into stroke etiology. Objective: To evaluate different population of lymphocytes in the clot analyses obtained in the hyper acute phase of stroke, as an early marker of etiology of ischemic stroke. Material and Methods: Consecutively, intracranial clots were obtained in the hyper acute phase of stroke in endovascular treatment with solitaire device and analyzed by flow cytometry quantifying the relative proportion ( RP ) of m

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