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Journal articles on the topic 'Stroke upper limb rehabilitation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 21 September 2024

Last updated: 19 July 2025

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1

Rusinowska, Barbara, Balbina Tybulczuk, and Patrycja Białowąs. "Clinical outcomes in post-stroke rehabilitation using upper-limb exoskeletons: review of latest reports. (Exoskeletons in post-stroke rehabilitation)." Medical Science Pulse 18, no. 4 (2024): 53–67. https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.9895.

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Background: Stroke is one of the main source of chronic disability in adults and affects motor dysfunction including paresis of upper limb. Currently, the use of new technologies is becoming more and more widespread and supports the effects of physical rehabilitation. The Fugl-Meyer Assessment of Upper Extremity (FMA-UE) is widely used gold standard in assessing motor functions of the upper limbs in stroke patients. Aim of the study: The purpose of this review is to present the results of upper limb rehabilitation using an exoskeleton on patients' motor functions based on FMA-UE.Material and m

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Shi, Lijuan, Runmin Wang, Jian Zhao, Jing Zhang, and Zhejun Kuang. "Detection of Rehabilitation Training Effect of Upper Limb Movement Disorder Based on MPL-CNN." Sensors 24, no. 4 (2024): 1105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24041105.

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Stroke represents a medical emergency and can lead to the development of movement disorders such as abnormal muscle tone, limited range of motion, or abnormalities in coordination and balance. In order to help stroke patients recover as soon as possible, rehabilitation training methods employ various movement modes such as ordinary movements and joint reactions to induce active reactions in the limbs and gradually restore normal functions. Rehabilitation effect evaluation can help physicians understand the rehabilitation needs of different patients, determine effective treatment methods and st

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Chockalingam, Manigandan, Lenny Thinagaran Vasanthan, Sivakumar Balasubramanian, and Vimal Sriram. "Experiences of patients who had a stroke and rehabilitation professionals with upper limb rehabilitation robots: a qualitative systematic review protocol." BMJ Open 12, no. 9 (2022): e065177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-065177.

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IntroductionEmerging evidence suggests that robotic devices for upper limb rehabilitation after a stroke may improve upper limb function. For robotic upper limb rehabilitation in stroke to be successful, patients’ experiences and those of the rehabilitation professionals must be considered. Therefore, this review aims to synthesise the available evidence on experiences of patients after a stroke with rehabilitation robots for upper limb rehabilitation and the experiences of rehabilitation professionals with rehabilitation robots for upper limb stroke rehabilitation.Methods and analysisDatabase

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Mehrholz, Jan. "Upper Limb Stroke Rehabilitation Summer School." neuroreha 10, no. 04 (2018): 197–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0750-6251.

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Davis, Kathy. "Upper limb rehabilitation following a stroke." Primary Health Care 29, no. 6 (2019): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/phc.29.6.10.s12.

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Aprile, Irene, Marco Germanotta, Arianna Cruciani, et al. "Upper Limb Robotic Rehabilitation After Stroke." Journal of Neurologic Physical Therapy 44, no. 1 (2020): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/npt.0000000000000295.

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Chin, Lay Fong, Ingrid C. M. Rosbergen, Kathryn S. Hayward, and Sandra G. Brauer. "A self-directed upper limb program during early post-stroke rehabilitation: A qualitative study of the perspective of nurses, therapists and stroke survivors." PLOS ONE 17, no. 2 (2022): e0263413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0263413.

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Introduction This study aimed to explore the perspective of nurses, therapists and stroke survivors on the performance of upper limb self-exercise and use outside therapy during early inpatient stroke rehabilitation. Methods A descriptive qualitative approach was used in focus groups with nurses (n = 21) and therapists (n = 8), as well as in-depth semi-structured interviews with stroke survivors (n = 8) who were undergoing subacute inpatient stroke rehabilitation. Inductive thematic analysis of data was performed according to participant group. Results Nurses and therapists perceived that stro

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Sidaway, Marta, Julita Głowacka-Popkiewicz, Maciej Krawczyk, and Tomasz Waraksa. "Early upper limb physiotherapy in stroke patients. Questions without answers." Advances in Rehabilitation 31, no. 1 (2017): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rehab-2015-0060.

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Abstract Stroke is still the most common cause of disability in Poland and in western countries. As many as 80% of patients report reduced upper limb function in the acute phase after stroke. It is estimated that only 5% to 20% of patients experience full functional recovery of an upper limb. In clinical practice, paretic upper limb stimulation after stroke is usually treated as of secondary importance. However, it constantly poses a challenge to physical therapists. The existing procedures do not provide detailed guidelines regarding upper limb rehabilitation model particularly in the first f

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Bansal, Jeenia, Narkeesh Arumugam, and Divya Midha. "Abstract No: 384 Soft Robotics for Upper Limb Function in Individuals with Stroke: A Narrative Review." Journal of Society of Indian Physiotherapists 9, no. 1 (2025): 119. https://doi.org/10.4103/jsip.jsip_2025_vol_abstract_s58.

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Background: Stroke contributes to disability and mortality worldwide, with upper limb impairments significantly reducing arm and hand function, leading to profound disability. Traditional rehabilitation often lacks effectiveness in fully restoring upper limb function post-stroke. Powered exoskeletal systems offer adaptive support customized to stroke survivors’ needs. This review explores their development, advancements, and clinical applications, emphasizing their potential to improve motor recovery and independence in stroke survivors. Aim: To review evidence of the Soft Robotics for upper l

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Ventura, Sara, Alessia Tessari, Sara Castaldini, et al. "Effectiveness of a Virtual Reality rehabilitation in stroke patients with sensory-motor and proprioception upper limb deficit: A study protocol." PLOS ONE 19, no. 8 (2024): e0307408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0307408.

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Introduction Stroke is the second leading cause of death in Europe. In the case of stroke survival (almost 70%), only 25% of patients recover completely, while the remaining 75% will undergo a rehabilitation phase that varying from months to years. The primary outcomes of a stroke involve motor impairment in the upper limbs, resulting in a partial or complete inability to move the limb on the right or left side, depending on the affected hemisphere. Furthermore, the motor deficit distorts the proprioception of the body and the embodiment ability of the injured limb. This could be rehabilitated

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Zhang, Kai, Xiaofeng Chen, Fei Liu, Haili Tang, Jing Wang, and Weina Wen. "System Framework of Robotics in Upper Limb Rehabilitation on Poststroke Motor Recovery." Behavioural Neurology 2018 (December 13, 2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6737056.

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Neurological impairments such as stroke cause damage to the functional mobility of survivors and affect their ability to perform activities of daily living. Recently, robotic treatment for upper limb stroke rehabilitation has received significant attention because it can provide high-intensity and repetitive movement therapy. In this review, the current status of upper limb rehabilitation robots is explored. Firstly, an overview of mechanical design of robotics for upper-limb rehabilitation and clinical effects of part robots are provided. Then, the comparisons of human-machine interactions, c

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Kim, Won-Seok, Sungmin Cho, Jeonghun Ku, et al. "Clinical Application of Virtual Reality for Upper Limb Motor Rehabilitation in Stroke: Review of Technologies and Clinical Evidence." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 10 (2020): 3369. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9103369.

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Neurorehabilitation for stroke is important for upper limb motor recovery. Conventional rehabilitation such as occupational therapy has been used, but novel technologies are expected to open new opportunities for better recovery. Virtual reality (VR) is a technology with a set of informatics that provides interactive environments to patients. VR can enhance neuroplasticity and recovery after a stroke by providing more intensive, repetitive, and engaging training due to several advantages, including: (1) tasks with various difficulty levels for rehabilitation, (2) augmented real-time feedback,

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Poveda-García, Ana, Carmen Moret-Tatay, and Miguel Gómez-Martínez. "The Association between Mental Motor Imagery and Real Movement in Stroke." Healthcare 9, no. 11 (2021): 1568. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9111568.

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Background: Stroke is the main cause of disability in adults; the most common and long-term sequela is upper-limb hemiparesis. Many studies support the idea that mental motor imagery, which is related to the visualization of movement patterns, activates the same areas of the cortex as if the movement occurred. Objectives: This study aims to examine the capacity to elaborate mental motor images, as well as its relationship to loss of movement in the upper limbs after a stroke. Method: An observational study, in a sample of 39 adults who suffered a stroke, was carried out. The upper limb movemen

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ABO, Masahiro, Nobuyuki SASAKI, Toru TAKEKAWA, and Wataru KAKUDA. "Rehabilitation for Upper Limb Hemiparesis after Stroke:." Japanese Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 49, no. 12 (2012): 916–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2490/jjrmc.49.916.

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Gu, Peigeng. "Modular Design and Control System Optimisation of an Upper Limb Rehabilitation Robot." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 134 (March 30, 2025): 163–70. https://doi.org/10.54097/ebv9yx24.

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Stroke is one of the leading causes of disability and death worldwide, and upper limb dysfunction in particular seriously affects patients' daily life and self-care ability. Therefore, designing efficient and economical upper limb rehabilitation robots has become an urgent problem. In this paper, a modular and lightweight upper limb rehabilitation robot is proposed. The robot employs adaptive impedance control, model predictive control (MPC) and electromyogram (EMG)-based closed-loop control strategies to achieve personalized rehabilitation training support. Through simulation and experimentat

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Hyakutake, Koichi, Takashi Morishita, Kazuya Saita, et al. "Effects of Home-Based Robotic Therapy Involving the Single-Joint Hybrid Assistive Limb Robotic Suit in the Chronic Phase of Stroke: A Pilot Study." BioMed Research International 2019 (March 18, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5462694.

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Introduction. Robotic therapy has drawn attention in the rehabilitation field including home-based rehabilitation. A previous study has reported that home-based therapy could be more effective for increasing upper limb activity than facility-based therapy. The single-joint hybrid assistive limb (HAL-SJ) is an exoskeleton robot developed according to the interactive biofeedback theory, and several studies have shown its effectiveness for upper limb function in stroke patients. A study of home-based robotic therapy has shown to enhance rehabilitation effectiveness for stroke patient with a paret

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Colovic, Hristina, Lidija Dimitrijevic, Vanja Djuric, and Sonja Jankovic. "Upper limb robotic neurorehabilitation after pediatric stroke." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 148, no. 5-6 (2020): 368–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh200104015c.

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Introduction. Pediatric brain stroke is a rare condition, with the incidence of 1.2?13/100,000. The most common consequence is hemiparesis with unilateral hand impairment. There is level 4 evidence that robotics may improve the function of upper limbs. In this paper, we present the effect of combined robotic rehabilitation and kinesitherapy on the distal portion of the arm in the chronic phase of hemiparesis in childhood. Case outline. In a 7.5-year-old girl the treatment with robotic neurorehabilitation was administered in the chronic phase of post-stroke rehabilitation, 18 months after the s

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Ferreira, Fernanda Márcia Rodrigues Martins, Guilherme de Paula Rúbio, Fabrício Henrique de Lisboa Brandão, et al. "Robotic Orthosis for Upper Limb Rehabilitation." Proceedings 64, no. 1 (2020): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iecat2020-08519.

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Individuals with impaired upper limbs have motor limitations that interfere with functionality. An alternative to rehabilitation is robot-assisted therapy, a method that increases the effectiveness of treatment. New robotic actuators have been developed to assist in the rehabilitation of the upper limb. One of them aims to actively perform finger extension and flexion passively, using a servo motor coupled to a rope system. At the elbow, a direct current (DC) motor combined with a gearbox was coupled to a system of pulleys and ropes designed to actively perform flexion and extension movements.

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Qassim, Hassan M., and W. Z. Wan Hasan. "A Review on Upper Limb Rehabilitation Robots." Applied Sciences 10, no. 19 (2020): 6976. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10196976.

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Rehabilitation is the process of treating post-stroke consequences. Impaired limbs are considered the common outcomes of stroke, which require a professional therapist to rehabilitate the impaired limbs and restore fully or partially its function. Due to the shortage in the number of therapists and other considerations, researchers have been working on developing robots that have the ability to perform the rehabilitation process. During the last two decades, different robots were invented to help in rehabilitation procedures. This paper explains the types of rehabilitation treatments and robot

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Fearnhead, L., C. J. Eales, and V. U. Fritz. "Arm function after stroke - can we make a difference?" South African Journal of Physiotherapy 55, no. 2 (1999): 4–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajp.v55i2.559.

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Impairment of upper limb function is a significant cause of functional disability after stroke. Based on a review of the literature this paper defines upper limb function and highlights some of the relevant recent developments in neuropathology. The effects of changes in sensation, muscle recruitment and tone are described. Reliable and valid outcome measures of upper limb impairment and disability are listed. The principles of rehabilitation are described in terms of timing of rehabilitation, sensory reeducation, motor control and functional use. Questions are raised regarding the need for co

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Phan, Huu Lam, Thi Huong Le, Jung Min Lim, Chang Ho Hwang, and Kyo-in Koo. "Effectiveness of Augmented Reality in Stroke Rehabilitation: A Meta-Analysis." Applied Sciences 12, no. 4 (2022): 1848. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12041848.

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Augmented reality (AR)-based rehabilitation shows potential to improve upper and lower limb function after stroke. This study aims to review the effect of AR technology in the recovery of the upper and lower limb function in stroke patients. Published randomized controlled trials and observational investigations with adult stroke patients were retrieved from five electronic databases to analyze the effect of the AR systems in improving motor function and balance and gait function for stroke patients. The treatment effect was estimated by standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence in

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Zhang, Mingliang, Jing Chen, Zongquan Ling, et al. "Quantitative Evaluation System of Upper Limb Motor Function of Stroke Patients Based on Desktop Rehabilitation Robot." Sensors 22, no. 3 (2022): 1170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22031170.

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Rehabilitation training and movement evaluation after stroke have become a research hotspot as stroke has become a very common and harmful disease. However, traditional rehabilitation training and evaluation are mainly conducted under the guidance of rehabilitation doctors. The evaluation process is time-consuming and the evaluation results are greatly influenced by doctors. In this study, a desktop upper limb rehabilitation robot was designed and a quantitative evaluation system of upper limb motor function for stroke patients was proposed. The kinematics and dynamics data of stroke patients

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Soares, Nayron Medeiros, Gabriela Magalhães Pereira, Renata Italiano da Nóbrega Figueiredo, Gleydson Silva Morais, and Sandy Gonzaga De Melo. "Terapia baseada em realidade virtual usando o Leap Motion Controller para reabilitação do membro superior após acidente vascular cerebral." Scientia Medica 27, no. 2 (2017): 25935. http://dx.doi.org/10.15448/1980-6108.2017.2.25935.

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*** Virtual reality therapy using the Leap Motion Controller for post-stroke upper limb rehabilitation ***AIMS: To evaluate the applicability of a virtual reality-based motion sensor for post-stroke upper limb rehabilitation.CASES DESCRIPTION: Three post-stroke patients were subjected to virtual reality training for rehabilitation of their upper limbs using the Leap Motion Controller technology and the game Playground 3D® for 3 consecutive days. On the first and last days, the Box and Blocks test, the De Melo Eye-Hand Coordination Test, and transcranial magnetic stimulation were applied. On th

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Trinh Bao, Tram, and Lien Nguyen Thi Kim. "Effects of using Virtual Reality simulation devices on upper limb rehabilitation for ischemic stroke patients with hemiplegia." Journal of Health and Development Studies 05, no. 06 (2021): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.38148/jhds.0506skpt21-049.

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Objective: Evaluate effects of Virtual reality-based training on rehabilitation for upper limb function of hemiplegic patients due to ischemic stroke. Methods: The interventional study with the control group to evaluate effects of combining virtual reality simulation devices into upper limb function recovery programs in 20 ischemic stroke inpatients of the intervention group and 20 inpatients of the control group at the Center Rehabilitation of Bach Mai hospital and the Nation Geriatric hospital from August 2020 to August 2021. Main findings: After 2 weeks and 4 week of treatment, the interven

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Gular, Kumar, Viswanathan Sivasubramanian, Ravi Shankar Reddy, Jaya Shanker Tedla, and Snehil Dixit. "The Mediating Effect of Age, Gender, and Post-Stroke Duration on the Association between Trunk and Upper Limb Recovery in Subacute Stroke Population: A Cross-Sectional Study with Mediation Analysis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 23 (2022): 15644. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315644.

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Background: The trunk acts as proximal support with which limbs execute smooth and purposeful movement. Furthermore, as upper extremity functions are an integral component of daily living activities, exploring the association between trunk and upper extremity recovery will guide therapists in developing appropriate rehabilitation goals and interventions. The objectives of this study were to (1) assess the association between trunk and upper extremity recovery in the subacute stroke population and (2) assess the effect of trunk control on upper extremity impairment and function with age, gender

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Carey, Leeanne M., Liana S. Cahill, Jannette M. Blennerhassett, et al. "A Network of Sites and Upskilled Therapists to Deliver Best-Practice Stroke Rehabilitation of the Arm: Protocol for a Knowledge Translation Study." Healthcare 11, no. 23 (2023): 3080. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11233080.

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Implementation of evidence-informed rehabilitation of the upper limb is variable, and outcomes for stroke survivors are often suboptimal. We established a national partnership of clinicians, survivors of stroke, researchers, healthcare organizations, and policy makers to facilitate change. The objectives of this study are to increase access to best-evidence rehabilitation of the upper limb and improve outcomes for stroke survivors. This prospective pragmatic, knowledge translation study involves four new specialist therapy centers to deliver best-evidence upper-limb sensory rehabilitation (kno

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Meireles, Cecília Vieira, Suelen Félix Ferreira, Patrick Roberto Avelino, and Kênia Kiefer Parreiras de Menezes. "Effects of virtual reality training in the upper limb motor coordination of individuals post- stroke: a systematic review with meta-analysis." Fisioterapia e Pesquisa 29, no. 1 (2022): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-2950/19039029012022en.

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ABSTRACT After a stroke, 75% of people are affected in their upper limbs, remaining with sequelae at these limbs. Results from recent clinical trials have been contradictory regarding the effectiveness of Virtual Reality (VR) therapy in rehabilitating upper limb motor coordination in this population. This study aimed to perform a systematic literature review with meta-analysis to investigate the effects of VR training on upper limb motor coordination in patients post-stroke. Searches were performed in the electronic databases PubMed, LILACS, SciELO, PEDro, in addition to manual searches. The w

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Kitsos, Gemma H., Isobel J. Hubbard, Alex R. Kitsos, and Mark W. Parsons. "The Ipsilesional Upper Limb Can Be Affected following Stroke." Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/684860.

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Objective. Neurological dysfunction commonly occurs in the upper limb contralateral to the hemisphere of the brain in which stroke occurs; however, the impact of stroke on function of the ipsilesional upper limb is not well understood. This study aims to systematically review the literature relating to the function of the ipsilesional upper limb following stroke and answer the following research question: Is the ipsilesional upper limb affected by stroke?Data Source. A systematic review was carried out in Medline, Embase, and PubMed.Review Methods. All studies investigating the ipsilesional up

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Minzatanu, Diana, Nadinne Alexandra Roman, Adina Ionelia Manaila, et al. "Virtual Reality Associated with Functional Electrical Stimulation for Upper Extremity in Post-Stroke Rehabilitation: A Systematic Review." Applied Sciences 14, no. 18 (2024): 8248. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14188248.

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Background: This systematic literature review aims to explore the impact of rehabilitation in post-stroke patients, particularly highlighting the roles of virtual reality (VR) technology and functional electrical stimulation (FES). Methods: To ensure all relevant studies were included, a thorough search was conducted in PubMed and Web of Science databases using keywords such as ‘post-stroke’, ‘FES’, ‘functional electrical stimulation’, ‘virtual reality’, and ‘VR’. Studies on rehabilitating upper limb function through VR and FES in post-stroke patients were included, regardless of publication y

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Pregnolato, Giorgia, Daniele Rimini, Francesca Baldan, et al. "Clinical Features to Predict the Use of a sEMG Wearable Device (REMO®) for Hand Motor Training of Stroke Patients: A Cross-Sectional Cohort Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 6 (2023): 5082. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20065082.

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After stroke, upper limb motor impairment is one of the most common consequences that compromises the level of the autonomy of patients. In a neurorehabilitation setting, the implementation of wearable sensors provides new possibilities for enhancing hand motor recovery. In our study, we tested an innovative wearable (REMO®) that detected the residual surface-electromyography of forearm muscles to control a rehabilitative PC interface. The aim of this study was to define the clinical features of stroke survivors able to perform ten, five, or no hand movements for rehabilitation training. 117 s

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Kiyono, Kei, Shigeo Tanabe, Satoshi Hirano, et al. "Effectiveness of Robotic Devices for Medical Rehabilitation: An Umbrella Review." Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 21 (2024): 6616. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm13216616.

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Background/Objectives: Clinical trials have investigated the efficacy of rehabilitation robotics for various pathological conditions, but the overall impact on rehabilitation practice remains unclear. We comprehensively examined and analyzed systematic reviews (SRs) of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating rehabilitative interventions with robotic devices. Methods: Four databases were searched using term combinations of keywords related to robotic devices, rehabilitation, and SRs. The SR meta-analyses were categorized into “convincing”, “highly suggestive”, “suggestive”, “weak”, or

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Ali, Muhammad, Muhammad Bilal, Muhammad Akram, and Mohsin Rizwan. "Hybrid Position and Force Control for Upper Limb Rehabilitation of Stroke Patient." American Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering 9, no. 2 (2024): 28–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmie.20240902.12.

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This paper presents hybrid position and force control (HPFC) methodology for position and as well as force tracking for upper limb rehabilitation of stroke patients. Stroke is a leading cause of disability in humans. Traditional rehabilitative therapies help regain motor function and ameliorate impairment, but they depend on the therapist’s experience and require many therapists, which is cost-prohibitive. Most robotic tasks with high severity such as rehabilitation, demands an effective force as well as position control scheme to ensure the safe physical contact between the robot and its envi

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Hara, Takatoshi, Ryo Momosaki, Masachika Niimi, Naoki Yamada, Hiroyoshi Hara, and Masahiro Abo. "Botulinum Toxin Therapy Combined with Rehabilitation for Stroke: A Systematic Review of Effect on Motor Function." Toxins 11, no. 12 (2019): 707. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins11120707.

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Aim: The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) therapy combined with rehabilitation on motor function in post-stroke patients. Methods: The following sources up to December 31, 2018, were searched from inception for articles in English: Pubmed, Scopus, CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, and CENTRAL. Trials using injections of BoNT-A for upper and lower limb rehabilitation were examined. We excluded studies that were not performed for rehabilitation or were not evaluated for motor function. Results: Twenty-six studies were included. In addition to rehabilit

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Cacchio, Angelo, Elisabetta De Blasis, Vincenzo De Blasis, Valter Santilli, and Giorgio Spacca. "Mirror Therapy in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type 1 of the Upper Limb in Stroke Patients." Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair 23, no. 8 (2009): 792–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1545968309335977.

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Background. Complex regional pain syndrome type 1 (CRPSt1) of the upper limb is a painful and debilitating condition, frequent after stroke, and interferes with the rehabilitative process and outcome. However, treatments used for CRPSt1 of the upper limb are limited. Objective. This randomized controlled study was conducted to compare the effectiveness on pain and upper limb function of mirror therapy on CRPSt1 of upper limb in patients with acute stroke. Methods. Of 208 patients with first episode of unilateral stroke admitted to the authors’ rehabilitation center, 48 patients with CRPSt1 of

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Kwon, Ji-An, Hye-Min Kim, Byung-Ju Bae, et al. "Development of a Bingo Game for Upper Limb Recovery in Stroke Patients: Needs Assessment and Effectiveness Verification." Korean Aging-Frendly Industry Association 17, no. 1 (2025): 83–92. https://doi.org/10.34264/jkafa.2025.17.1.83.

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Objective : This study aims to develop a new rehabilitation tool called “RehaBingo,” a bingo game designed to promote upper limb function recovery in stroke patients, and to verify the tool's necessity and effectiveness. Methods : From March to June 2024, the RehaBingo tool for upper limb recovery was developed. A needs assessment was conducted with 20 occupational therapists, and an effectiveness assessment was performed with 20 stroke patients. Research tools included the RehaBingo game, a needs assessment survey, the Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE-K), and the Manu

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Harris, Jocelyn E., Janice J. Eng, William C. Miller, and Andrew S. Dawson. "The Role of Caregiver Involvement in Upper-Limb Treatment in Individuals With Subacute Stroke." Physical Therapy 90, no. 9 (2010): 1302–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20090349.

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Background Initial severity of upper-limb motor impairment and exercise intensity are important predictors of improved upper-limb function during stroke rehabilitation. Initial severity of motor impairment, however, is not modifiable by rehabilitation, and increased one-on-one treatment is not always feasible. Alternative methods to increase intensity and improve upper-limb function are needed. Objective The purpose of this study was to examine caregiver involvement in upper-limb treatment as a method to improve upper-limb function. Design This study was a secondary analysis of a multi-site ra

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Wang, Yang, Xu Han, Baiye Xin, and Ping Zhao. "Innovations in Upper Limb Rehabilitation Robots: A Review of Mechanisms, Optimization, and Clinical Applications." Robotics 14, no. 6 (2025): 81. https://doi.org/10.3390/robotics14060081.

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With the continuous increase in the global aging population, stroke has become one of the major diseases affecting the health of the elderly, and the upper limb motor dysfunction it causes often requires long-term rehabilitation. To improve rehabilitation outcomes for hemiplegic patients and alleviate the shortage of rehabilitation physicians, upper limb rehabilitation robots have shown great potential in enhancing motor function and improving stroke patients’ rehabilitation outcomes in clinical research. This paper first classifies rehabilitation robots based on their driving mechanisms and i

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Sakamoto, Daigo, Toyohiro Hamaguchi, Mina Yamamoto, et al. "Estimation of Upper Limb Motor Function and Its Use in Activities of Daily Living Based on the Performance Time Required for the Cylinder Transfer Task in Patients with Post-Stroke Mild Hemiparesis: A Cross-Sectional Study." Journal of Clinical Medicine 14, no. 5 (2025): 1591. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14051591.

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Background/Objective: Evaluating the upper limb function of the paretic and non-paretic sides of patients post-stroke is important for predicting the efficient use of the upper limbs in activities of daily living. Although there are evaluation methods that can quantify bilateral upper limb function, they are insufficient for understanding the motor characteristics of individual patients. In this study, we aimed to quantitatively evaluate bilateral upper limb function from the performance time of the cylinder transfer task of The Southampton Hand Assessment Procedure and to estimate the use sta

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Qu, Qingming, Yingnan Lin, Zhijie He, et al. "The Effect of Applying Robot-Assisted Task-Oriented Training Using Human-Robot Collaborative Interaction Force Control Technology on Upper Limb Function in Stroke Patients: Preliminary Findings." BioMed Research International 2021 (July 28, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9916492.

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Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and the primary cause of acquired disability worldwide. Many stroke survivors have difficulty using their upper limbs, which have important functional roles in the performance of daily life activities. Consequently, the independence and quality of life of most stroke patients are reduced. Robot-assisted therapy is an effective intervention for improving the upper limb function of individuals with stroke. Human-robot collaborative interaction force control technology is critical for improving the flexibility and followability of the robot’s motion, t

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Song, Yo-Han, and Hyun-Min Lee. "Effect of Immersive Virtual Reality-Based Bilateral Arm Training in Patients with Chronic Stroke." Brain Sciences 11, no. 8 (2021): 1032. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11081032.

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Virtual reality (VR)-based therapies are widely used in stroke rehabilitation. Although various studies have used VR techniques for bilateral upper limb training, most have been only semi-immersive and have only been performed in an artificial environment. This study developed VR content and protocols based on activities of daily living to provide immersive VR-based bilateral arm training (VRBAT) for upper limb rehabilitation in stroke patients. Twelve patients with chronic stroke were randomized to a VRBAT group or a normal bilateral arm training (NBAT) group and attended 30-min training sess

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Khat’kova, S. E., E. A. Nikolaev, O. A. Pogorel’tseva, O. G. Pavlova, V. Y. Roschin, and V. V. Kotlyarov. "Motor rehabilitation of the spastic paresis and proprioceptive disorders of the upper limb after focal CNS lesion (case report)." Russian Medical Inquiry 5, no. 10 (2021): 674–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.32364/2587-6821-2021-5-10-674-682.

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Motor disorders (i.e., spastic paresis of the upper limb) are among the most common complications of a stroke. Motor deficiency (muscle weakness/paresis), increased muscle tone, proprioceptive loss, and lesions of muscles, joints, and surrounding tissues develop in the limb. As a result, its functional rehabilitation is a challenging, long-term, and labor-intensive process. This paper addresses factors that directly affect the functional recovery of the upper limb after stroke. The authors emphasize the importance of timely diagnosis of all lesions using assessment scales, optimal rehabilitati

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Zhang, Chao, Ji Zou, Zhongjing Ma, Qian Wu, Zhaogang Sheng, and Zhen Yan. "Upper Limb Action Identification Based on Physiological Signals and Its Application in Limb Rehabilitation Training." Traitement du Signal 38, no. 6 (2021): 1887–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ts.380633.

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pper limb motor dysfunction brings huge pain and burden to patients with brain trauma, stroke, and cerebral palsy, as well as their relatives. Physiological signals are closely related to the recovery of patients with limb dysfunction. The joint analysis of two key physiological signals, namely, surface electromyographic (sEMG) signal and acceleration signal, enables the scientific and effective evaluation of upper limb rehabilitation. However, the existing indices of upper limb rehabilitation are incomplete, and the current evaluation approaches are not sufficiently objective or quantifiable.

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Germanotta, Marco, Laura Cortellini, Sabina Insalaco, and Irene Aprile. "Effects of Upper Limb Robot-Assisted Rehabilitation Compared with Conventional Therapy in Patients with Stroke: Preliminary Results on a Daily Task Assessed Using Motion Analysis." Sensors 23, no. 6 (2023): 3089. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23063089.

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Robotic rehabilitation of the upper limb has demonstrated promising results in terms of the improvement of arm function in post-stroke patients. The current literature suggests that robot-assisted therapy (RAT) is comparable to traditional approaches when clinical scales are used as outcome measures. Instead, the effects of RAT on the capacity to execute a daily life task with the affected upper limb are unknown, as measured using kinematic indices. Through kinematic analysis of a drinking task, we examined the improvement in upper limb performance between patients following a robotic or conve

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Furlan, Leonardo, Adriana Bastos Conforto, Leonardo G. Cohen, and Annette Sterr. "Upper Limb Immobilisation: A Neural Plasticity Model with Relevance to Poststroke Motor Rehabilitation." Neural Plasticity 2016 (2016): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8176217.

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Advances in our understanding of the neural plasticity that occurs after hemiparetic stroke have contributed to the formulation of theories of poststroke motor recovery. These theories, in turn, have underpinned contemporary motor rehabilitation strategies for treating motor deficits after stroke, such as upper limb hemiparesis. However, a relative drawback has been that, in general, these strategies are most compatible with the recovery profiles of relatively high-functioning stroke survivors and therefore do not easily translate into benefit to those individuals sustaining low-functioning up

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Park, Si-Woon, Jae-Hyung Kim, and Yun-Jung Yang. "Mental practice for upper limb rehabilitation after stroke." International Journal of Rehabilitation Research 41, no. 3 (2018): 197–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mrr.0000000000000298.

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Potcovaru, Claudia-Gabriela, Delia Cinteză, Miruna Ioana Săndulescu, et al. "The Impact of Virtual Reality as a Rehabilitation Method Using TRAVEE System on Functional Outcomes and Disability in Stroke Patients: A Pilot Study." Biomedicines 12, no. 11 (2024): 2450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12112450.

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Background: Stroke is the third leading cause of disability. Virtual reality (VR) has shown promising results in post-stroke rehabilitation. The VR TRAVEE system was designed for the neuromotor rehabilitation of the upper limb after a stroke and offers the ability to track limb movements by providing auditory feedback and visual augmentation. The World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0), aligned with the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) principles, is a valid tool for measuring disability regardless of its cause. This st

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Singh, Arihant. "From Mind to Motion: The Promise of Brain Computer Interfaces and Myoelectric Prosthetics for Stroke Neurorehabilitation." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 09, no. 02 (2025): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem41874.

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Stroke is one of the principal causes of mortality and disability internationally, with a more significant burden in third-world countries. Stroke survivors show various long-term sequelae, including motor defects, hemineglect, aphasia and limb weakness. Stroke is also associated with cognitive and emotional disturbances, which may complicate the process of recovery. Rehabilitation, therefore, is one of the most critical aspects of post-stroke care. Rehabilitative measures function on the principle of neuroplasticity, where repeated neural feedback promotes functional recovery. Brain-computer

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Raghavan, Preeti. "Upper Limb Motor Impairment After Stroke." Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America 26, no. 4 (2015): 599–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmr.2015.06.008.

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Coscia, Martina, Maximilian J. Wessel, Ujwal Chaudary, et al. "Neurotechnology-aided interventions for upper limb motor rehabilitation in severe chronic stroke." Brain 142, no. 8 (2019): 2182–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awz181.

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AbstractUpper limb motor deficits in severe stroke survivors often remain unresolved over extended time periods. Novel neurotechnologies have the potential to significantly support upper limb motor restoration in severely impaired stroke individuals. Here, we review recent controlled clinical studies and reviews focusing on the mechanisms of action and effectiveness of single and combined technology-aided interventions for upper limb motor rehabilitation after stroke, including robotics, muscular electrical stimulation, brain stimulation and brain computer/machine interfaces. We aim at identif

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Tam, Pui Kit, Nicodemus Edrick Oey, Ning Tang, Guhan Ramamurthy, and Effie Chew. "Facilitating Corticomotor Excitability of the Contralesional Hemisphere Using Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation to Improve Upper Limb Motor Recovery from Stroke—A Scoping Review." Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 15 (2024): 4420. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm13154420.

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Upper limb weakness following stroke poses a significant global psychosocial and economic burden. Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) is a potential adjunctive treatment in rehabilitation. However, traditional approaches to rebalance interhemispheric inhibition may not be effective for all patients. The supportive role of the contralesional hemisphere in recovery of upper limb motor function has been supported by animal and clinical studies, particularly for those with severe strokes. This review aims to provide an overview of the facilitation role of the contralesional hemisphere for post-s

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