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Journal articles on the topic 'Stroop'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Simon-Thomas, Emiliana R., Kemi O. Role, and Robert T. Knight. "Behavioral and Electrophysiological Evidence of a Right Hemisphere Bias for the Influence of Negative Emotion on Higher Cognition." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 17, no. 3 (2005): 518–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/0898929053279504.

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We examined how responses to aversive pictures affected performance and stimulus-locked event-related potentials (ERPs) recorded during a demanding cognitive task. Numeric Stroop stimuli were briefly presented to either left or right visual hemifield (LVF and RVF, respectively) after a centrally presented aversive or neutral picture from the International Affective Picture System. Subjects indicated whether a quantity value from each Stroop stimulus matched the preceding Stroop stimulus while passively viewing the pictures. After aversive pictures, responses were more accurate for LVF Stroops

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2

Debray, Parthasarathi, Susanta Biswas, Prasanta Biswas, Tapasi Saha, and Madhu Sudan Pal. "Effect of step up exercise on cognitive attention with stroop test in Bengali male college students." Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 6, no. 6 (2015): 66–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i6.12602.

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Introduction: A beneficial influence of exercise on cognitive and brain functions has been established. Exercise is drawing increasing research attention for improving neurocognitive functions.Aims: The aim of the present study is to examine the effect of step up exercise on mental attention with strop test in Bengali male college students.Methodology: Twenty eight (28) apparently healthy male sedentary college students from the same socio-economic background, having mean age of 22.4 ± 1.02 years, body height of 165.3 ± 6.34 cm and body weight of 55.5 ± 9.01 kg were recruited for the present s

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3

Ogawa, Kaori. "Stroop Interference." Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association 75 (September 15, 2011): 3AM065. http://dx.doi.org/10.4992/pacjpa.75.0_3am065.

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4

Danziger, Shai, Angeles F. Estévez, and Paloma Marí-Beffa. "Stroop interference effects in partially colored Stroop words." Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 9, no. 3 (2002): 536–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03196310.

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5

Person, Katarzyna. "Mówi Jürgen Stroop. Proces likwidatora powstania w getcie warszawskim przed Sądem Wojewódzkim w Warszawie." Zagłada Żydów. Studia i Materiały, no. 9 (December 1, 2013): 380–426. http://dx.doi.org/10.32927/zzsim.594.

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W marcu 1947 r., po ponadrocznych oficjalnych staraniach dyplomatycznych i zakulisowych rozmowach, Jürgen Stroop, likwidator powstania w getcie warszawskim, znalazł się w więzieniu mokotowskim w Warszawie. Jego proces nie miał być jednak tylko kolejnym z serii toczących się wówczas przed Najwyższym Trybunałem Narodowym (NTN) postępowań przeciwko niemieckim zbrodniarzom wojennym. Proces Stroopa miał ostatecznie rozliczyć zbrodnie nazistowskie w czasie Zagłady.

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6

Nurbaiti, Nurbaiti. "Penggunaan Stroop Test di Bidang Kesehatan." Metrik Serial Teknologi dan Sains 3, no. 2 (2022): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.51616/teksi.v3i2.345.

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Stroop test telah lama dikenal oleh para ahli psikologi. Penggunaan stimulus kata berwarna menjadi ciri khas metode ini. Metode Stroop test kian diminati dalam penelitian kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran tentang penemuan metode ini, prinsip penggunaannya dan perkembangan Stroop test. Metode yang digunakan adalah review artikel. Saat ini terdapat berbagai variasi stimulus dalam penelitian dengan Stroop test. Banyak perangkat pendukung yang melengkapi seperti komputer dan aplikasinya hingga virtual reality. Metode Stroop test terus berkembang sejalan dengan luasnya a

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Fisk, Gary D., and Steven J. Haase. "Classic Stroop Color Words Produce No Stroop Effect When the Display Characteristics Are Based Upon Emotional Stroop Studies With Subliminal Presentations." Psychological Reports 123, no. 4 (2019): 1207–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033294119843220.

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Two forms of the Stroop task have produced contradictory findings regarding unconscious perceptual processing. Emotional Stroop task studies with prime words presented at an objective threshold (i.e., subliminal) produce Stroop-like effects, but comparable studies conducted with classic Stroop stimuli do not produce Stroop effects. We tested the possibility that differences in the display appearance might explain this discrepancy. Color word prime stimuli from the traditional Stroop task were used with display characteristics based upon the emotional Stroop studies. There was a Stroop effect f

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8

HAKODA, Yuji, and Megumi SASAKI. "GROUP VERSION OF THE STROOP AND REVERSE-STROOP TEST." Japanese Journal of Educational Psychology 38, no. 4 (1990): 389–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5926/jjep1953.38.4_389.

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9

Song, Yongning, and Yuji Hakoda. "An Asymmetric Stroop/Reverse-Stroop Interference Phenomenon in ADHD." Journal of Attention Disorders 15, no. 6 (2010): 499–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087054710367607.

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10

Atkinson, Carmen M., Karen A. Drysdale, and W. R. Fulham. "Event-related potentials to Stroop and reverse Stroop stimuli." International Journal of Psychophysiology 47, no. 1 (2003): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8760(02)00038-7.

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11

Carter, C., D. Barch, W. Pearlstein, et al. "Single trial stroop versus stroop card measurements in schizophrenia." Biological Psychiatry 37, no. 9 (1995): 637. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-3223(95)94570-m.

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12

Sasaki, Megumi, Yuji Hakoda, and Ryutaro Yamagami. "Schizophrenia and reverse-Stroop interference in the group version of the Stroop and reverse-Stroop test." Japanese journal of psychology 64, no. 1 (1993): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4992/jjpsy.64.43.

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13

Kestens, Katrien, Sofie Degeest, Marijke Miatton, and Hannah Keppler. "An Auditory Stroop Test to Implement in Cognitive Hearing Sciences: Development and Normative Data." International Journal of Psychological Research 14, no. 2 (2021): 37–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21500/20112084.5118.

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Objective: This study developed and gained insight in an auditory Stroop test, implementable in cognitive hearing sciences. Methods: An auditory Stroop test was developed and performed in 178 participants, aged between 18 and 69 years. This Auditory Stroop test consisted of two tests: Stroop-tones and Stroop-words whereby the pitch of pure-tones and spoken words (i.e., the words high and low) had to be identified by high or low, respectively. An interference score was calculated as a measure of verbal executive functioning. Regression models were conducted to examine the effect of age, sex, ed

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14

Baghani, Elham, Ladan Fata, Mahdiyeh Salehi, and Fariba Hasani. "Attentional Bias and Prediction of Attempted Suicide in Clinical and Non-clinical Population." Practice in Clinical Psychology 8, no. 3 (2020): 243–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/jpcp.8.3.724.1.

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Objective: the aim of the present research was to analyze the predictability of suicide attempts, based on attentional bias in a clinical and non-clinical population. Methods: 120 participants (77 females and 43 males) were intentionally selected in three diagnostic groups: clinical suicides, clinical non-suicides, and non-clinical ones (40 individuals in each group). They participated in the Suicide Stroop Task as well as the Beck Scale of Suicide Ideation (BSS). The attentional bias parameters, including reaction time and interference time, were computed and the data were analyzed using Mult

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15

Chen, Jenn-Yeu. "How Should the Stroop Interference Effect Be Measured? Further Evidence from Alternative Versions of the Stroop Task." Perceptual and Motor Skills 84, no. 3_suppl (1997): 1123–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1997.84.3c.1123.

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The present study modeled the relationship between the Stroop and the neutral naming times to investigate the mechanism underlying the Stroop interference effect. 95 subjects took six alternative versions of the Stroop task and the naming times in the Stroop and neutral conditions were each averaged across the tasks to arrive at a more general measure of the Stroop and neutral naming times. Regression analysis of these general measures indicated a linear function with a small and nonsignificant intercept and a slope significantly greater than one. This finding is consistent with Chen's 1996 re

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Parris, Ben A., Dinkar Sharma, and Brendan Weekes. "An Optimal Viewing Position Effect in the Stroop Task When Only One Letter Is the Color Carrier." Experimental Psychology 54, no. 4 (2007): 273–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169.54.4.273.

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Abstract. Coloring only a single letter in the Stroop task can result in a reduction or elimination of Stroop interference. The present experiments were designed to test whether this modulation of Stroop interference occurs at all letter positions. Specifically, we investigated whether Stroop interference was reduced when the colored letter occupied the optimal viewing position (OVP). The experiments show that Stroop interference is not reduced at the OVP (Experiment 1) and that Stroop interference at the OVP is significantly greater than at other letter positions (Experiments 1 and 2). This f

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17

Koch, Christopher. "Self-Monitoring, Need for Cognition, and the Stroop Effect: A Preliminary Study." Perceptual and Motor Skills 96, no. 1 (2003): 212–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.2003.96.1.212.

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The color-word Stroop task requires an individual to ignore one piece of information (word) while responding to another (color). Since self-monitors are good at adapting their responses to fir a situation and those high in need for cognition carefully think through information before responding, this study explored the relationship between self-monitoring and need for cognition using Stroop interference. It was anticipated that self-monitoring would reduce Stroop interference, while need for cognition would increase Stroop interference. 23 General Psychology students (10 men, 13 women, Mage =

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18

Smith, Mary E., Micah D. Smith, and Kenith V. Sobel. "The Classic Stroop Asymmetry in Online Experiments." Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research 27, no. 2 (2022): 133–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.24839/2325-7342.jn27.2.133.

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In a traditional Stroop (1935) task, participants view target words written in colors that are either congruent with their meaning (e.g., “Red” written in red ink) or incongruent (e.g., “Red” written in green). When participants identify the target color, the response time difference between congruent and incongruent targets (i.e., Stroop effect) is typically much larger than when participants identify the target word (i.e., reverse Stroop effect); this is the classic Stroop asymmetry. Recent work has shown that recasting the task so participants localize the target rather than identify it inv

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19

Wolach, Allen H., Maureen A. McHale, and Alina Tarlea. "Numerical Stroop Effect." Perceptual and Motor Skills 98, no. 1 (2004): 67–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.98.1.67-77.

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20

Laeng, Bruno, Marte Ørbo, Terje Holmlund, and Michele Miozzo. "Pupillary Stroop effects." Cognitive Processing 12, no. 1 (2010): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10339-010-0370-z.

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21

Zakay, Dan. "Can the “Musical Stroop” Task Replace the Classical Stroop Task?" Experimental Psychology 61, no. 1 (2014): 78–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000211.

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The musical Stroop task is analyzed and compared to the classical Stroop task. The analysis indicates that the two tasks differ in the following significant characteristics: ecological validity, the interrelations between the two perceptual dimensions involved, the nature of the automatic process and the existence of a potential Garner interference. It is concluded that the musical task has no advantage over the classical task.

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IKEDA, Yoshifumi, Hideyuki OKUZUMI, Koichi HAISHI, and Yoshio KITAJIMA. "Relationship between Stroop/reverse-Stroop interference and symptoms of ADHD." Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association 77 (September 19, 2013): 2PM—021–2PM—021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4992/pacjpa.77.0_2pm-021.

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23

Parsons, Thomas D., Nicole Russo, and Paul Schermerhorn. "Avatar Administered Neuropsychological Testing (AVANT): Stroop Interference Task." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 61, no. 1 (2017): 2047–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601990.

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The current project is a preliminary attempt to compare an avatar administered virtual reality Stroop task (VRST) to standard (human) administration of the Stroop task. The avatar administered Stroop is part of a larger battery of tests aimed at proffering a cognitive screening battery that can be used in teleneuropsychology. The three versions of the Stroop task were administered to a sample of 66 healthy university students (64% female), between the ages of 19 and 27 years, which included equivalent distributions of men and women from ethnically-diverse populations. No significant difference

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Sanchez-Lopez, Alvaro, Rafael Quinto-Guillen, Josefa Pérez-Lucas, et al. "Validación de un test para determinar el sesgo atencional en pacientes dependientes de alcohol." Anales de Psicología 31, no. 2 (2015): 504. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/analesps.31.2.169491.

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Attention bias for alcohol has proved useful to distinguish people with a pathological consumption of people who do not, and dependents who are more likely to fall in consumption. The aim of this study was to validate the Spanish version of the Alcohol Stroop test, designed to evaluate attention biases for alcohol in alcohol-dependent patients. The sample was composed by 173 participants divided into 2 groups: 1) “Patients” (<em>n = </em>88) meeting criteria for alcohol dependence; and 2) “Control” (<em>n = </em>85) having a low risk for alcohol consumption, that comple

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Grover, Disha, Shefali Walia, Stuti Khanna, Garima Wadhwa, and Narkeesh Arumugum. "Ab. No. 85 Effectiveness of Practice of Stroop Test on Selective Attention and Processing Speed in Individuals With Stroke." Journal of Society of Indian Physiotherapists 8, no. 1 (2024): 65–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jsip.jsip_abstract_41.

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Introduction: To identify the effectiveness of practice of Stroop test on selective attention and processing speed in the individuals diagnosed with stroke. To determine the significance of the Stroop test in cognitive rehabilitation for stroke survivors. Methods: Survivors of unilateral stroke with their first stroke episode between time frame of 3-18 months and age ranged between 30- 65 years were included in the study. Methods: Twenty-five participants were randomly assigned into two groups using computerized randomization list. Experimental group participants intervened with 30 minutes ses

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Flowers, Julius H., Ashlynn Steinbaugh, Bradley Forbes, et al. "15 Construct Validity of the Stroop Interference task in Youth and the Contribution of Effort." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 29, s1 (2023): 892–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617723010974.

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Objective:Previous literature has studied the cognitive processes that contribute to performance on the Stroop interference condition in adults and found that the Stroop task performance (i.e., color-word interference) is comprised of multiple cognitive skills, including speed of visual search, working memory, and conflict monitoring (Perianez et al. 2020). However, the relationship of these cognitive processes to Stroop interference in youth remains understudied. Moreover, no studies have examined the contribution of effort measurement to the interference condition in healthy youth.Participan

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Gregg, Melissa K., and Kim A. Purdy. "Graded Auditory Stroop Effects Generated by Gender Words." Perceptual and Motor Skills 105, no. 2 (2007): 549–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.105.2.549-555.

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Two auditory Stroop experiments requiring identification of the speaker's sex were conducted. An auditory Stroop effect was expected, analogous to visual effects found in Stroop literature. In Exp. 1 the speaker's sex was identified faster when sex labels (“male” and “female”) and words that imply a sex (e.g., father, grandmother) were congruent with the speaker's sex. In Exp. 2, an auditory semantic gradient was established in which words that were more meaningfully tied to a particular sex produced more Stroop interference. This auditory semantic gradient is analogous to effects found in the

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Kindt, Merel, Dick Bierman, and Jos F. Brosschot. "Stroop versus Stroop: Comparison of a card format and a single-trial format of the standard color-word Stroop task and the emotional Stroop task." Personality and Individual Differences 21, no. 5 (1996): 653–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(96)00133-x.

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Eidels, Ami, Kathryn Ryan, Paul Williams, and Daniel Algom. "Depth of Processing in the Stroop Task." Experimental Psychology 61, no. 5 (2014): 385–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000259.

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The presence of the Stroop effect betrays the fact that the carrier words were read in the face of instructions to ignore them and to respond to the target ink colors. In this study, we probed the nature of this involuntary reading by comparing color performance with that in a new forced-reading Stroop task in which responding is strictly contingent on reading each and every word. We found larger Stroop effects in the forced-reading task than in the classic Stroop task and concluded that words are processed to a shallower level in the Stroop task than they are in routine voluntary reading. The

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Vo, Khoi D., Audrey Siqi-Liu, Alondra Chaire, et al. "Neural Dynamics of Conflict Control in Working Memory." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 33, no. 10 (2021): 2079–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01744.

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Abstract Attention and working memory (WM) have classically been considered as two separate cognitive functions, but more recent theories have conceptualized them as operating on shared representations and being distinguished primarily by whether attention is directed internally (WM) or externally (attention, traditionally defined). Supporting this idea, a recent behavioral study documented a “WM Stroop effect,” showing that maintaining a color word in WM impacts perceptual color-naming performance to the same degree as presenting the color word externally in the classic Stroop task. Here, we

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Morrow, Sarah A. "Normative Data for the Stroop Color Word Test for a North American Population." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 40, no. 6 (2013): 842–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0317167100015997.

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Background:Cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis (MS) often involves attentional deficits. The Stroop colour word test, a measure of attention, lacks current normative data for an english-speaking North american MS population. Further some authors suggest the Stroop actually measures processing speed.Objective:To generate normative data for the Stroop colour word test that can be used for a Canadian or North american MS population and to examine the relationship between processing speed tests - the Paced auditory Serial addition Test (PASAT) and Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) - and t

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Wager, Michel, Foucaud Du Boisgueheneuc, Claudette Pluchon, et al. "Intraoperative Monitoring of an Aspect of Executive Functions: Administration of the Stroop Test in 9 Adult Patients During Awake Surgery for Resection of Frontal Glioma." Operative Neurosurgery 72, no. 2 (2012): ons169—ons181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/neu.0b013e31827bf1d6.

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Abstract BACKGROUND: Awake brain surgery allows extensive intraoperative monitoring of not only motor and sensory functions and language but also executive functions. OBJECTIVE: To administer the Stroop test intraoperatively to avoid dramatic side effects such as akinetic mutism and to monitor executive functions in an attempt to optimize the benefit/risk balance of surgery. METHODS: A series of 9 adult patients with frontal glioma were operated on for gross tumor resection under local anesthesia. All procedures involved the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). RESULTS: Three types of response to

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Hopper, Lydia M., Matthias Allritz, Crystal L. Egelkamp, et al. "A Comparative Perspective on Three Primate Species’ Responses to a Pictorial Emotional Stroop Task." Animals 11, no. 3 (2021): 588. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11030588.

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The Stroop effect describes interference in cognitive processing due to competing cognitive demands. Presenting emotionally laden stimuli creates similar Stroop-like effects that result from participants’ attention being drawn to distractor stimuli. Here, we adapted the methods of a pictorial Stroop study for use with chimpanzees (N = 6), gorillas (N = 7), and Japanese macaques (N = 6). We tested all subjects via touchscreens following the same protocol. Ten of the 19 subjects passed pre-test training. Subjects who reached criterion were then tested on a standard color-interference Stroop test

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Di Russo, Francesco, and Valentina Bianco. "Time Course of Reactive Brain Activities during a Stroop Color-Word Task: Evidence of Specific Facilitation and Interference Effects." Brain Sciences 13, no. 7 (2023): 982. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13070982.

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The Stroop test represents a widely used task in basic and clinical research for approaching the cognitive system functioning in humans. However, a clear overview of the neurophysiological signatures associated with the different sub-domains of this task remains controversial. In the present study, we leveraged the EEG technique to explore the modulation of specific post-stimulus ERPs components during the Stroop test. Critically, to better disentangle the contribution of facilitation (i.e., faster color identification times for color-congruent Stroop words) and interference (i.e., longer colo

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Martynova, Ekaterina, and Dmitry Lyusin. "The influence of happiness and anxiety on emotional Stroop effect." Психологические исследования 16, no. 92 (2024): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.54359/ps.v16i92.1491.

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The emotional Stroop effect is defined as a delay in reaction time or an increase in error rate while naming the color of emotional words compared to neutral words. The aim of this study was to examine how happiness and anxiety influence the emotional Stroop effect. According to the principle of emotion congruence, information processing is facilitated when its emotional valence matches the individual's mood. In the context of the emotional Stroop task, this implies that emotionally congruent words should be processed more easily, leading to a reduction or even elimination of the emotional Str

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Siegrist, Michael. "Reliability of the Stroop Test with Single-Stimulus Presentation." Perceptual and Motor Skills 81, no. 3_suppl (1995): 1295–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1995.81.3f.1295.

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Different versions of the Stroop test are used; however, for most versions of the Stroop test, there are no estimations of reliability. In the present study, stimuli were presented singly on a computer screen. 55 Swiss German subjects were tested. Test-retest reliabilities of ‘XXXX’ strings and conflicting color words were evaluated. Response latencies and Stroop interference were quite reliable. Single-stimulus presentation made it possible also to estimate internal consistency, which was high for classical Stroop interference in this format.

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Okuzumi, Hideyuki, Yoshifumi Ikeda, Nao Otsuka, et al. "Stroop-Like Interference in the Fruit Stroop Test in Typical Development." Psychology 06, no. 05 (2015): 643–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/psych.2015.65062.

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38

Hatukai, Tatiana, and Daniel Algom. "The Stroop incongruity effect: Congruity relationship reaches beyond the Stroop task." Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 43, no. 6 (2017): 1098–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/xhp0000381.

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Brown, Tracy L., Linda Roos-Gilbert, and Thomas H. Carr. "Automaticity and word perception: Evidence from Stroop and Stroop dilution effects." Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 21, no. 6 (1995): 1395–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.21.6.1395.

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40

Parsons, Thomas D., and Michael D. Barnett. "Virtual apartment stroop task: Comparison with computerized and traditional stroop tasks." Journal of Neuroscience Methods 309 (November 2018): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jneumeth.2018.08.022.

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Houx, Peter J., Jellemer Jolles, and Fred W. Vreeling. "Stroop interference: Aging effects assessed with the stroop color-word test." Experimental Aging Research 19, no. 3 (1993): 209–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03610739308253934.

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Omar, Ahmad, and Muhammad Nubli Abdul Wahab. "KAJIAN KAEDAH INTERVENSI PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIK SEKOLAH RENDAH MENGGUNAKAN LATIHAN STROOP DAN LATIHAN BIOFEEDBACK." International Journal of Humanities Technology and Civilization 7, no. 2 (2022): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/ijhtc.v7i2.8781.

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Abstract: Intervention programs are very important in helping students who are weak in learning mathematics at school. This study aims to see how the Stroop training technique and Biofeedback training can be used to help students to improve coherence score performance and also academic performance. Previous studies prove that Stroop training can help individuals improve concentration and Biofeedback training techniques also help individuals to improve their cognitive performance and concentration. The sample of this study consists of 20 low-achieving students from primary schools in Jerantut d

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Burca, Mariana, Virginie Beaucousin, Pierre Chausse, Ludovic Ferrand, Benjamin A. Parris, and Maria Augustinova. "Is There Semantic Conflict in the Stroop Task?" Experimental Psychology 68, no. 5 (2021): 274–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000530.

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Abstract. This research addressed current controversies concerning the contribution of semantic conflict to the Stroop interference effect and its reduction by a single-letter coloring and cueing procedure. On the first issue, it provides, for the first time, unambiguous evidence for a contribution of semantic conflict to the (overall) Stroop interference effect. The reported data remained inconclusive on the second issue, despite being collected in a considerable sample and analyzed with both classical (frequentist) and Bayesian inferential approaches. Given that in all past Stroop studies, s

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Ben-David, Boaz M., Linh L. T. Nguyen, and Pascal H. H. M. van Lieshout. "Stroop Effects in Persons with Traumatic Brain Injury: Selective Attention, Speed of Processing, or Color-Naming? A Meta-analysis." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 17, no. 2 (2011): 354–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135561771000175x.

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AbstractThe color word Stroop test is the most common tool used to assess selective attention in persons with traumatic brain injury (TBI). A larger Stroop effect for TBI patients, as compared to controls, is generally interpreted as reflecting a decrease in selective attention. Alternatively, it has been suggested that this increase in Stroop effects is influenced by group differences in generalized speed of processing (SOP). The current study describes an overview and meta-analysis of 10 studies, where persons with TBI (N = 324) were compared to matched controls (N= 501) on the Stroop task.

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KUMAR, NAROTTAM. "Immediate Role of Two Yoga Based Mantra Recitation on Selective Attention in Undergraduate Students." Dev Sanskriti Interdisciplinary International Journal 13 (January 31, 2019): 01–07. http://dx.doi.org/10.36018/dsiij.v13i.109.

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Aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of Gayatri mantra recitation and Om recitation on selective attention as measured by color stroop. The study was performed on undergraduate students (Male=30) with age range of 18 to 30 years. All students were trained for reciting Gayatri mantra for 3 days. The baseline data were used. The participants participated in Gayatri mantra and Om recitation about 15 min for two consecutive days. The sequence of the session was assigned randomly to the participants. The attention was assessed using color stroop test before and immediately after each

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Tzatzadakis, Georgios, Louiza-Nektaria Moutaki, and Andrianna Kapandriti. "The Effect of Taurine and Caffeine in Stroop Interference." Galore International Journal of Applied Sciences and Humanities 8, no. 1 (2024): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/gijash.20240103.

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The Stroop test, created by John Ridley Stroop in 1935, is one of the most famous assessments of cognitive abilities related to inhibition and attention (Stroop, 1935). In this test, the participants must identify the color of the ink used to print words as rapidly as possible, irrespective of the content of the words. Based on the findings from previous studies, the administration of caffeine or caffeine and taurine may positively impact cognitive processes. It may improve cognitive control, reduce interference effects, and enhance task performance, such as the Stroop test. The present study

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Benitez, Stephanie, Jon Rowe, and Kenith V. Sobel. "The Classic Stroop Asymmetry Works for Spoken as Well as Written Words." Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research 29, no. 1 (2024): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.24839/2325-7342.jn29.1.47.

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In modern versions of the Stroop task, participants view target words presented on a computer screen with pixels that are either congruent (e.g., “Red” in red pixels) or incongruent (e.g., “Red” in blue pixels) with the meaning of the target word. When participants report the target color, the difference in response time between congruent and incongruent targets (i.e., Stroop effect) is typically larger than when they report the target word (i.e., reverse Stroop effect); this is the classic Stroop asymmetry. For decades following Stroop’s experiments, the prevailing explanation for the asymmet

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Tezcan, Mustafa, and Elif Kimya Balcı. "The relationship between inflammatory blood cells and executive functions in medication-free children with ADHD." Genel Tıp Dergisi 35, no. 2 (2025): 232–41. https://doi.org/10.54005/geneltip.1544758.

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Abstract Background: The aim of this study was to compare blood neutrophil, lymphocyte, platelet, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), erythrocyte and systemic inflammatory index levels in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with typically developing (TD) healthy controls and to investigate the relationship between these levels and executive functions. Methods: In this study, 79 ADHD children aged 8-14 years who did not use medication and 34 healthy controls were included. Participants' blood levels were based on routine complete b

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Caron, Emilie E., Michael G. Reynolds, Brandon C. W. Ralph, Jonathan S. A. Carriere, Derek Besner, and Daniel Smilek. "Does Posture Influence the Stroop Effect?" Psychological Science 31, no. 11 (2020): 1452–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797620953842.

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Rosenbaum, Mama, and Algom (2017) reported that participants who completed the Stroop task (i.e., name the hue of a color word when the hue and word meaning are congruent or incongruent) showed a smaller Stroop effect (i.e., the difference in response times between congruent and incongruent trials) when they performed the task standing than when sitting. We report five attempted replications (analyzed sample sizes: N = 108, N = 108, N = 98, N = 78, and N = 51, respectively) of Rosenbaum et al.’s findings, which were conducted in two institutions. All experiments yielded the standard Stroop eff

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Straub, Elisa Ruth, Constantin Schmidts, Wilfried Kunde, Jinhui Zhang, Andrea Kiesel, and David Dignath. "Limitations of cognitive control on emotional distraction – Congruency in the Color Stroop task does not modulate the Emotional Stroop effect." Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience 22, no. 1 (2021): 21–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13415-021-00935-4.

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AbstractEmotional information receives prioritized processing over concurrent cognitive processes. This can lead to distraction if emotional information has to be ignored. In the cognitive domain, mechanisms have been described that allow control of (cognitive) distractions. However, whether similar cognitive control mechanisms also can attenuate emotional distraction is an active area of research. This study asked whether cognitive control (triggered in the Color Stroop task) attenuates emotional distraction in the Emotional Stroop task. Theoretical accounts of cognitive control, and the Emot

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