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Journal articles on the topic 'Structural Adjustment Programs (SAPs)'

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Published: 7 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Saeed, Ahlam Nassar Omar. "Role and Impact of World Bank Structural Adjustment Programs in Developing Countries." Humán Innovációs Szemle 15, no. 1 (2024): 162–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.61177/hisz.2024.15.1.10.

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This paper aims to analyze the World Bank's Structural Adjustment Programs (SAPs) and their impact on Jordan's development trajectory. Jordan serves as a representative case study in the Middle East. The main aim is to examine the dual nature of SAPs as possible catalysts or obstacles to development, closely examining their economic, social, and political impacts. The paper utilizes a combination of qualitative methods to assess the impact of SAP-related changes on economic indicators and analyze the social consequences on Jordanian society. This study is based on a theoretical framework that

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Loewenson, Rene. "Structural Adjustment and Health Policy in Africa." International Journal of Health Services 23, no. 4 (1993): 717–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/wbql-b4jp-k1pp-j7y3.

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World Bank/International Monetary Fund Structural Adjustment Programs (SAPs) have been introduced in over 40 countries of Africa. This article outlines their economic policy measures and the experience of the countries that have introduced them, in terms of nutrition, health status, and health services. The evidence indicates that SAPs have been associated with increasing food insecurity and undernutrition, rising ill-health, and decreasing access to health care in the two-thirds or more of the population of African countries that already lives below poverty levels. SAPs have also affected hea

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Hentz, James J. "Economic Stagnation in Sub-Sahara Africa and Breaking the Implicit Bargain." Issue: A Journal of Opinion 25, no. 1 (1997): 32–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047160700502492.

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Economic stagnation in most of Sub-Sahara Africa is so persistent that “afro-pessimism” has gone from a term of art to common usage. Africa is entering its second decade of economic reform through neoliberal Stabilization Programs (STABs) and Structural Adjustment Programs (SAPs). There is little evidence that these reforms work. Africa is largely to blame, but so too are the logically flawed structural adjustment programs propagated by the International Financial Institutions (IFIs).

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Kerich, Henry. "Analysis of the Impact of International Monetary Fund Programs on Economic Performance of Kenya." Journal of Management Research 8, no. 2 (2016): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jmr.v8i2.9248.

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<p>Like most other countries in developing countries, Kenya faces economic challenges as it tries to stabilize its balance of payments, reduce external debts and curb high unemployment rates. Structural adjustment programs (SAPs) are defined as economic programs mainly set for developing countries supported by the Bretton Woods institutions since the beginning of 1980s. As a result of prolonged balance of payments deficits, high unemployment rates and high debts, brought about by poor economic performance, the country has turned to International Monetary Fund for credit assistance. This

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Ogola, Christopher. "Structural Adjustment Programs (SAPS) and Social, Economic and Political Stability of the Least Developed Countries Since 1980s." International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews 6, no. 1 (2025): 968–75. https://doi.org/10.55248/gengpi.6.0125.0306.

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DOGAN, Alper. "Structural Adjustment Programs in Turkey in terms of Income Distribution (1980-2000)." JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 10, no. 2 (2016): 2007–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jssr.v10i2.4743.

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The major obstacle for the instable and developing economies of the developing countries were seen as governmentintervention in the economy. This led to debt crisis for emergency economies in the beginning of 1980s in which theamount of loans they borrowed with low interest rates increased very fast after rising interest rates. This problem gavenew objectives to the IMF and the World Bank to stabilize those economies under deficit pressures with a more profoundand comprehensive package of policy reforms which is known by its famed name, Structural Adjustment Programs. Thephilosophy was the min

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Fonjong, Lotsmart. "Rethinking the Impact of Structural Adjustment Programs on Human Rights Violations in West Africa." Perspectives on Global Development and Technology 13, no. 1-2 (2014): 87–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15691497-12341291.

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Abstract In this article I argue that the worsening human rights situation of West Africa in the early 1990s was largely the creation of the structural adjustment policies (SAP) of the IMF/World Bank. The austerity measures implemented through SAP plunged the region into hardship, forcing the population to demand better living conditions through public demonstrations and protests. Attempts by the West African states to contain protesters led to further human rights abuses. The implementation of a common liberalization policy across board without taking into account the specificities of each co

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Mbithe, Dr Pauline, Dr Prof Germano Mwabu, and Mr Maurice Awiti. "IMPACT OF STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT PROGRAMS ON AGRICULTURAL SECTOR GROWTH IN KENYA." Journal of Agricultural Policy 2, no. 1 (2017): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/jap.122.

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Purpose: The study was an examination of the impact of structural adjustment programs on agricultural growth in Kenya.Methodology: The study examined the short run and long run determinants of agricultural sector performance in Kenya. To achieve this, the study use time series regression modeling for data spanning from 1975 to 2010. Tests of normality, unit roots test and cointergration test was applied to determine the properties of the data. Upon proof of cointergration, an error correction model was estimated to link the short run and the long run relationships.Results: The results indicate

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Powers, Theodore, and Theodoros Rakopoulos. "The anthropology of austerity." Focaal 2019, no. 83 (2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/fcl.2019.830101.

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This introduction posits that austerity is an instantiation of structural adjustment programs (SAPs) and thus must be revisited in two ways, involving its historical and geographical rendering. First, anthropological accounts should think of austerity in the long term, providing encompassing genealogies of the concept rather than seeing it as breach to historical continuity. Second, the discipline should employ the comparative approach to bring together analyses of SAPs in the Global South and austerity measures in the Global North, providing a more comprehensive analysis of this phenomenon. W

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Oluwafemi, Elias, Abdullahi Maimuna, and Joe-Akunne Ikenna. "The role of international financial institutions in shaping African development: a case study of Nigeria's engagement with the IMF and world bank." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 23, no. 3 (2024): 2802–15. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14974749.

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This article explores the critical role that International Financial Institutions (IFIs), specifically the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank, have played in shaping Nigeria's development. Using Nigeria as a case study, the research investigates the impact of IMF and World Bank interventions on the country's economic policies, particularly through structural adjustment programs (SAPs) and development projects. The analysis includes a review of Nigeria’s economic challenges, beginning with its post-independence era, the introduction of SAPs in the 1980s, and the ongoing

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Moussavi, Sara. "Localized Multilateralism: Examining the African Development Bank." SAIS Review of International Affairs 44, no. 1 (2024): 37–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sais.2024.a925810.

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Abstract: This paper critically examines post-crisis efforts by focusing on the African Development Bank's (AfDB) role in facilitating recovery and poverty reduction across the African continent. Case studies include the COVID-19 crisis, migration, and efforts to battle regional hunger. The analysis contrasts the approaches of the AfDB's strategies with that of the World Bank's Structural Adjustment Programs (SAPs), underscoring the former's unique successes and efficiencies in addressing the specific needs of the continent to reduce poverty. The analysis begins by contextualizing the historic

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Oluwafemi Elias, Maimuna Abdullahi, and Ikenna Joe-Akunne. "The role of international financial institutions in shaping African development: a case study of Nigeria's engagement with the IMF and world bank." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 23, no. 3 (2024): 2802–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.23.3.2981.

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This article explores the critical role that International Financial Institutions (IFIs), specifically the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank, have played in shaping Nigeria's development. Using Nigeria as a case study, the research investigates the impact of IMF and World Bank interventions on the country's economic policies, particularly through structural adjustment programs (SAPs) and development projects. The analysis includes a review of Nigeria’s economic challenges, beginning with its post-independence era, the introduction of SAPs in the 1980s, and the ongoing conseq

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Adams, Ukeyima. "Africa is Poor and Underdeveloped by Design: The Western Management Plan for Africa." International Journal of Economics, Business and Management Research 09, no. 06 (2025): 93–106. https://doi.org/10.51505/ijebmr.2025.9605.

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Africa’s persistent poverty and underdevelopment are not accidental but the result of deliberate Western economic and political strategies designed to maintain the continent in a subordinate position within the global system (Rodney, 1972). This paper argues that Africa’s underdevelopment is a structural consequence of colonialism, neocolonialism, and exploitative global capitalism, which have systematically extracted Africa’s resources while stifling its industrial and institutional growth (Amin, 1974). Western powers, through mechanisms such as unfair trade agreements, debt dependency, and c

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Caixote, Carlos Bire, Bashi Mothusi, and Thekiso Molokwane. "Performance Management System in Mozambican Universities: A Literature Review of Theories, Origin and Evolution." International Journal of Business Administration 11, no. 6 (2020): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijba.v11n6p52.

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From the end of the 1970s up to the 2000s, governments in the developed and developing countries were involved in implementing economic, social, political, cultural and legal reform programs. The first wave of public sector reforms came under the Structural Adjustment Programs (SAPs) which were implemented in most of the developing countries from the late 1970s to the early 1990s. The second wave, which started in the early 1990s, was propelled by influence generated by proponents of the New Public Management (NPM) school of thought. The major objective of reforms was to enhance performance an

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Ntarangwi, Mwenda. "“Useless degrees”, quality assurance, and employable graduates: neoliberal effects on University Education in Kenya." Etnografica 28 (2) (2024): 479–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/11xjf.

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At a time when it is critical to understand humanity and its various forms of socioeconomic and political life, anthropology and other social sciences are being threatened by a neoliberal emphasis on “relevant” courses in universities in Kenya. Universities are suffering from a push for “relevance” at the detriment of their traditional role of being a public good. Using personal experiences, comparative secondary data overview and analysis, I discuss the challenges facing university education in Kenya under neoliberalism. I argue that the erstwhile role of universities serving the public good

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Lehmann, Bea, Sophia Sheng-Ya Huang, Christina Chavenet, et al. "Failure of User Fees." McGill Journal of Global Health 9, no. 1 (2020): 11–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.26443/mjgh.v9i1.1279.

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The end of health care user fees is within sight for an increasing number of African countries whom this policy was imposed upon in the late 1980 and early 1990s. User fees were part of structural adjustment programs (SAPs) dictated to developing countries by the World Bank, influenced by the Bamako Initiative. The West African country of Mali is presently working towards eliminating user fees and implementing Universal Health Care (UHC). This paper investigates health indicators of pregnant women in Mali during user fee implementation to show the negative impact of the policy, and extrapolate

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Nadabo, Yusuf Shamsuddeen, and Sada Alkasim. "Decolonizing Debt: A Critical Analysis of Neocolonial Structures in International Debt Agreements and Institutional Sovereignty in Sub-Saharan Africa." International Journal of Integrative Research 3, no. 5 (2025): 343–64. https://doi.org/10.59890/ijir.v3i5.24.

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This paper interrogates the persistent neocolonial structures embedded within international debt agreements and their implications for institutional sovereignty in Sub-Saharan Africa. While debt is often framed as a neutral financial instrument for development, this study argues that its architecture, enforcement mechanisms, and conditionalities reflect a continuation of colonial-era economic domination, repackaged under neoliberal frameworks. Using a critical political economy lens, the study examines how global financial institutions such as the IMF, World Bank, and Western-dominated credit

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Hamoud, Yazeed A. "The Failure and Nightmare of International Development." International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Growth Evaluation 6, no. 3 (2025): 967–72. https://doi.org/10.54660/.ijmrge.2025.6.3.967-972.

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Objective: This research study critically evaluates Arturo Escobar’s 1995 assertion that the post- 1950s international development project, instead of delivering prosperity, resulted in widespread underdevelopment, exploitation, and oppression. It investigates the extent to which international development, driven by capitalism and globalization, has failed to achieve its stated objectives, particularly in the Global South, using some African countries as case studies for illustration. Method: The study employs a qualitative and critical analytical approach, drawing on a multi- disciplinary rev

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Husein, Jamal G. "Foreign aid, workers’ remittances and economic growth in Jordan." International Journal of Social Economics 46, no. 4 (2019): 532–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-06-2018-0293.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the long-run impact of foreign aid and workers’ remittances on Jordanian economic growth using time series data for the period 1970–2014. Following the most recent literature, the author also assess whether economic policy enhances economic growth and whether aid effectiveness is conditional on levels of economic policy. Design/methodology/approach The author employs unit root tests that allow for endogenously determined structural breaks (Perron, 1997) and properly utilize the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) or bounds testing approach

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Anabila, Felix Ayine, Abukari Salifu Atchulo, Abdul-Rashid Abdul-Rahaman, Augustine Sandino Mba, and Samuel Ataribanam. "Private Investment Dynamics in Ghana: Sectoral Patterns and Environmental Influences." African Journal of Empirical Research 6, no. 2 (2025): 269–82. https://doi.org/10.51867/ajernet.6.2.24.

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This study explores the determinants of private investment in Ghana using data from 1980 to 2021, a period marked by economic liberalization policies, structural adjustment programs (SAPs) in the 1980s and 1990s, financial sector reforms, and the discovery of oil in the 2000s, all of which significantly influenced investment patterns, utilizing Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) multiple regression. Data from World Bank and Bank of Ghana databases was used for the analysis. This study is based on the Neoclassical Investment Theory, which posits that private investment is driven by the cost of capita

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Dieke, Peter U. C. "Tourism and Structural Adjustment Programmes in the African Economy." Tourism Economics 1, no. 1 (1995): 71–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135481669500100106.

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The article examines the significance of tourism in the African economy. The study pays particular attention to the past decade and the structural adjustment programmes (SAPs) era. Central themes are the prospects of promoting regional tourism within Africa and the implications of SAPs for the Economic Commission for Africa's (ECA's) advocacy of self-reliance and self sustainability.

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Korir, Japhet, Philip Adoyo, Naibei Isaac, et al. "Determinants of Tax Compliance among Small Taxpayers in Western Kenya." Greener Journal of Economics and Accountancy 4, no. 1 (2015): 9–20. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3467345.

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In Kenya, tax revenues make up to 80% of the government’s budgetary resources with a negligible proportion coming from grants and loans owing to the stringent conditionalities adopted as part of Structural Adjustment programmes (SAPs) imposed on the Kenyan government in the 1990s by International monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank. Different taxation methods are used to create a tax base which forms a pool that the tax authority can tap thereby placing a tax burden on the populace. Kenyan tax system is, however, often characterized by increasing number of non compliance among the sma

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Ali, Khadija. "Gender Exploitation: from Structural Adjustment Policies to Poverty Reduction Strategies." Pakistan Development Review 42, no. 4II (2003): 669–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v42i4iipp.669-694.

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The aim of this paper is to review the existing empirical research concerning women’s exploitation as a result of policy measures imposed by the World Bank and the IMF, particularly under Structural Adjustment Policies (SAPs). The central argument here is that SAPs have not been successful in achieving their basic objectives of ‘adjusting’ the economies instead, these policies have created severe social problems for the human beings, particularly for the poor and middle-income groups, in the countries where they (SAPs) have been implemented [Beneria and Feldman (1992); Cornia, Jolly and Stewar

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MUNASINGHE, MOHAN. "Special Topic I: Structural Adjustment Policies and the Environment." Environment and Development Economics 4, no. 1 (1999): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x99000029.

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Background to structural adjustment The oil price increases of the 1970s, the worldwide recession, and developing country debt crisis of the 1980s, led to the adoption of so-called structural adjustment policies (SAPs). These economic reform packages which included stringent monetary and fiscal measures, sought to restore conditions for growth and development by a combination of short-term ‘stabilization’ and more medium-term ‘adjustment’ policies for the macro-economy. SAPs have not always achieved their economic goals, for a variety of reasons. Of greater relevance is the fact that even wher

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Chagunda, Chance. "Interrogating the Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP) in Malawi." RBEST Revista Brasileira de Economia Social e do Trabalho 4 (December 22, 2022): e022016. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/rbest.v4i00.16569.

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This paper interrogates the implementation of the Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP) in Malawi, with a focus on its impacts on the livelihoods of the working class and poor people. The SAP was superimposed by the World Bank (WB) and International Monetary Fund (IMF), since 1981, to recover an ailing economy through economic austerity measures and to promote sustainable development. This paper critically discusses the key effects of the SAP in the long run, looking in particular at the effects on the unemployment rate, falling real wages, Malawians’ poor living standards and food insecurity.

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Noyoo, Ndangwa. "Structural adjustment programmes in Sub-Saharan Africa in the 1980s and 1990s." RBEST Revista Brasileira de Economia Social e do Trabalho 4 (November 20, 2022): e022012. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/rbest.v4i00.16536.

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The paper discusses the World Bank’s and International Monetary Fund’s Structural Adjustment Programmes (SAPs) in Sub-Saharan Africa in the 1980s and 1990s. Most countries in this region did not demonstrate autonomy in regard to national economic management and public policy processes, but acquiesced to the economic austerity prescriptions of the international financial institution, which were supposed to have resuscitated their economies. The paper seeks to provide some insights pertaining to how multilateral financial agencies engaged national governments, not as partners in a contractual re

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Ogebe, F. O., and M. O. Ogah. "A Reappraisal of Impact of Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP) on the Agricultural Sector of Nigeria: A Path-Analysis Approach." VillageMath Educational Review (VER) 1, no. 1 (2020): 26–37. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3884282.

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The oil boom of the 1970s transformed Nigeria from a<strong> </strong>relatively prosperous agrarian<strong> </strong>economy to a major exporter of petroleum products, consequently agricultural development<strong> </strong>was<strong> </strong>almost entirely neglected by<strong> </strong>policy makers. However, the slump in world prices<strong> </strong>of petroleum products in the early 1980s emphasized the need for changes in economic policy in the nation. Thus<strong>, </strong>in 1986 the government introduced an International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank assisted SAP aimed at dive

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Iqbal, Zafar. "Macroeconomic Effects of Adjustment Lending in Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 33, no. 4II (1994): 1011–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v33i4iipp.1011-1031.

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During the 1970s and early 1980s, many developing countries faced macroeconomic problems, notably large fiscal deficits, vulnerable balance of payments positions, increasing inflation rates, lower rates of domestic savings, and as a consequence lower capital formation and economic growth rates. The major financial lending institutions, preeminently the W orId Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF), argue that the present macroeconomic problems in less developed countries (LDCs) are due to structural maladjustments-poor economic policies and weak institutions. Therefore, since 1980, the

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Ismaila, Mohammed. "Exchange Rate Depreciation and Nigeria Economic Performance after Structural Adjustment Programmes ( Saps )." NG-Journal of Social Development 5, no. 2 (2016): 122–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.12816/0031175.

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Campbell, Bonnie, and Jennifer Clapp. "Guinea's Economic Performance Under Structural Adjustment: Importance of Mining and Agriculture." Journal of Modern African Studies 33, no. 3 (1995): 425–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00021194.

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Domestic policy inadequacies have been targeted by the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) as the main reason for poor economic performance in sub-Saharan Africa generally.1 The structural adjustment programmes (SAPs) sponsored by these international financial institutions (IFIs) over the past decade have sought to rectify such policies. But many countries following their advice have continued to experience economic decline, albeit according to the World Bank, as a result primarily of their failure to properly implement the recommended reforms. It was argued in the late 1980s

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Tidjani, Bassirou. "African Unions Under Structural Adjustment Programs." Relations industrielles 53, no. 2 (1998): 278. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/005306ar.

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Mukhopadhyay, Hiranya. "Structural Adjustment Programs: Some New Findings." Review of Development Economics 2, no. 2 (1998): 191–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9361.00037.

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Kamara, Eunice K. "Saps and Female Reproductive Health in Kenya." Issue: A Journal of Opinion 25, no. 2 (1997): 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047160700502649.

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Since the 1980s, the world has experienced a number of economic recessions. As would be expected, developing countries have borne the brunt of the resultant economic crisis. It is estimated, for example, that the total debt of the developing world rose from $562 billion in 1982 to $1,020 billion in 1988.’ Many of the developing countries are still on the verge of economic collapse, unable to service accumulated foreign debts. Various measures were taken by the developed world in an attempt to revive the fallen global economy. These measures included the introduction of Structural Adjustment Pr

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Nhema, Alfred G., and Tawanda Zinyama. "Modernization, Dependency and Structural Adjustment Development Theories and Africa: A Critical Appraisal." International Journal of Social Science Research 4, no. 1 (2016): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijssr.v4i1.9040.

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This article seeks to review the early development theories that have dominated the development path in Africa over a number of decades. First, the paper reviews the modernisation theory which dominated the literature on development theory in the 1950s/60s as the former colonies attained their independence. Second, the paper examines the dependency theory which was a critical response to the modernisation paradigm. Third, the paper assesses the nature and form of neo liberal prescriptions that came to be known as Structural Adjustment Programmes (SAPs) offered by the International Monetary Fun

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Dohnal, Jerry. "Structural Adjustment Programs: A Violation of Rights." Australian Journal of Human Rights 1, no. 1 (1994): 57–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1323238x.1994.11910903.

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Rodrik, Dani. "How should structural adjustment programs be designed?" World Development 18, no. 7 (1990): 933–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-750x(90)90077-b.

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Oliver, Helen C. "In the Wake of Structural Adjustment Programs." Canadian Journal of Public Health 97, no. 3 (2006): 217–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03405589.

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Gaztambide-Fernández, Rubén, and Gillian Parekh. "Market “choices” or structured pathways? How specialized arts education contributes to the reproduction of inequality." education policy analysis archives 25 (April 24, 2017): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.25.2716.

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Located in one of the most diverse cities in the world, the Toronto District School Board (TDSB) offers several programs catering to a variety of student interests. Specialty Arts Programs (SAPs) have gained particular attention in part because of their reputation as excellent schools providing a unique opportunity for training in the arts. However, recently such programs have also raised concerns about who can access and who ultimately benefits from specialized programming in the arts. While the TDSB is committed to equal access for all families, the student populations at these programs do n

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Waseem, Rafay, Gershom Endelani Mwalupaso, Faria Waseem, Humayoon Khan, Ghulam Mustafa Panhwar, and Yangyan Shi. "Adoption of Sustainable Agriculture Practices in Banana Farm Production: A Study from the Sindh Region of Pakistan." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 10 (2020): 3714. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103714.

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The aim of this study was to highlight the importance of socioeconomic and psychosocial factors in the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices (SAPs) in banana farm production. To this end, data from 300 randomly selected farm households from Pakistan were collected through a structured self-report questionnaire. Using logistic regression (LR) and structural equation modeling (SEM), socioeconomic and psychosocial effects were evaluated. The results show that economic status, watching agricultural training programs, newspaper and radio awareness campaigns, participation in extension prog

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Kaiser, Paul J. "Structural Adjustment and the Fragile Nation: the Demise of Social Unity in Tanzania." Journal of Modern African Studies 34, no. 2 (1996): 227–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00055300.

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Tanzania is one of the few African countries that has remained relatively calm since independence. However, its long history of ethnic, racial, and religious cohesion has begun to fray as the Government attempts to reform its ailing economy in accordance with World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF) conditionalities. This process offers an opportunity to explore the degree to which there is a causal link between liberal economic reform and social unity. This is especially relevant as many African régimes are implementing similar policy prescriptions in the form of structural adjustment

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Baillot, Hélène. "A Well-Adjusted Debt: How the International Anti-Debt Movement Failed to Delink Debt Relief and Structural Adjustment." International Review of Social History 66, S29 (2021): 215–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859021000146.

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AbstractThis article analyses the process by which the issues of debt and structural adjustment were redefined by a plurality of actors, from institutional experts to activists, during the 1980s and 1990s. Although it mainly focuses on the 1990s, when the Jubilee 2000 campaign emerged, blossomed, and died, it takes into account the institutional mobilization preceding it. It then points to the need to think about the dynamics of competition and the division of labour among international players. While the leading Jubilee 2000 coalition in the Global North opposed debt on economic and religious

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Wilson, Ernest J. "French support for structural adjustment programs in Africa." World Development 21, no. 3 (1993): 331–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-750x(93)90148-3.

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Stahl, Karin. "Anti-Poverty Programs Making Structural Adjustment More Palatable." NACLA Report on the Americas 29, no. 6 (1996): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10714839.1996.11725752.

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Foua, Alexis, and Wilson Diriwari. "The International Monetary Fund’s Shaped Public Administration in the Ivory Coast and the Emerging Contextual Realities." International Journal of Social Science Research and Review 5, no. 5 (2022): 40–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.47814/ijssrr.v5i5.234.

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This article aims to examine the relations of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and Ivory Coast in the achievement of public administration reforms. While the former had to devise adequate structural adjustment programmes, the latter must set workable legal and policy frameworks for effective implementation of the programmes. The approach taken is a textual analysis based upon evaluating various IMF programmes contained in four successive Structural Adjustment Programmes (SAPs) and the legal and policy frameworks set in compliance with IMF programmes. Based on its membership with the IMF,

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Schneider, Geoffrey E. "An Institutionalist Assessment of Structural Adjustment Programs in Africa." Journal of Economic Issues 33, no. 2 (1999): 325–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00213624.1999.11506162.

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KONADU-AGYEMANG, KWADWO. "Structural adjustment programs and housing affordability in Accra, Ghana." Canadian Geographer/Le Géographe canadien 45, no. 4 (2001): 528–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0064.2001.tb01500.x.

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Saadatmand, Yassaman, and Michael Toma. "IMF-Induced Structural Adjustment Programs and Women in Ecuador." International Advances in Economic Research 14, no. 2 (2008): 181–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11294-008-9147-x.

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Gera, Nina. "Food Security under Structural Adjustment in Pakistan." Asian Survey 44, no. 3 (2004): 353–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.2004.44.3.353.

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It is the responsibility of governments to provide food security for their citizens. The government of Pakistan has historically supplied food to its people at reasonable prices through a system of subsidies. However, structural adjustment programs, such as reducing the budget deficit, have resulted in the removal of subsidies on wheat and agricultural inputs. The end result has been an increase in poverty.

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Mubai, Marlino Eugénio. "The unintended consequences of liberalization and austerity on higher education in Mozambique." Africa 91, no. 4 (2021): 602–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972021000437.

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AbstractChronic shortages of resources to run the state have been a feature of Mozambique since the colonial period. Even before the adoption of structural adjustment programmes (SAPs) in the late 1980s, conditions were austere due to the effects of Portuguese colonialism, a decade of liberation struggle, prolonged civil war and policy mistakes following independence in 1975. Drawing from archival research and oral accounts, this article analyses the impact of the liberalization of higher education in Mozambique. It explores the strategies adopted by intellectuals and academics to navigate red

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KARNIK, AJIT. "WHY DO STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT PROGRAMS GO AWRY? POLITICAL ECONOMY PERSPECTIVE." Cybernetics and Systems 27, no. 1 (1996): 93–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/019697296126697.

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