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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Structural analysis (Engineering) Mechanics, Applied

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Academic literature on the topic 'Structural analysis (Engineering) Mechanics, Applied'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 13 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Structural analysis (Engineering) Mechanics, Applied"

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Mang, H. A., Ch Hellmich, R. Lackner, and B. Pichler. "Computational structural mechanics." International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 52, no. 56 (October 20, 2001): 569–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.298.

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Wiechert, Bernd Udo. "Applied Biomechanics: Prosthetic and Orthopaedics." Proceeding International Conference on Science and Engineering 1 (October 31, 2017): xiii. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/icse.v1.315.

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Biomechanics is closely related to engineering, because it often uses traditional engineering sciences to analyze biological systems. Some simple applications of Newtonian mechanics and/or materials sciences can supply correct approximations to the mechanics of many biological systems. Applied mechanics, most notably mechanical engineering disciplines such as continuum mechanics, mechanism analysis, structural analysis, kinematics and dynamics play prominent roles in the study of biomechanics. Usually biological systems are much more complex than man-built systems. Numerical methods are hence applied in almost every biomechanical study. Research is done in an iterative process of hypothesis and verification, including several steps of modeling, computer simulation and experimental measurements. Prosthetics and orthotics are clinical disciplines that deal with artificial limbs (prostheses) for people with amputations and supportive devices (orthoses) for people with musculoskeletal weakness or neurological disorders and some disability person. The development of prosthetics and orthotics disciplines is depend on development of science and engineering. The understanding of this multidiscipline field is important the advancement in this field. In this session i will overview the current development in prosthetics and orthotics field, expl ain a brief survey on its method, and discuss perspective for future trend and development.

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Radi, B., J. C. Gelin, and A. Perriot. "Subdomain methods in structural mechanics." International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 37, no. 19 (October 15, 1994): 3309–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620371907.

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Patnaik, Surya N., Rula M. Coroneos, and Dale A. Hopkins. "Compatibility conditions of structural mechanics." International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 47, no. 1-3 (January 10, 2000): 685–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0207(20000110/30)47:1/3<685::aid-nme788>3.0.co;2-y.

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Kröplin, B., D. Dinkler, and J. Hillmann. "An energy perturbation applied to nonlinear structural analysis." Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 52, no. 1-3 (September 1985): 885–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-7825(85)90019-2.

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Wrobel, Luiz Carlos. "Discretization methods in structural mechanics." Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements 7, no. 3 (September 1990): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0955-7997(90)90048-e.

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Chen, Cheng, and James M. Ricles. "Stability Analysis of Direct Integration Algorithms Applied to Nonlinear Structural Dynamics." Journal of Engineering Mechanics 134, no. 9 (September 2008): 703–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9399(2008)134:9(703).

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Chen, Cheng, and James M. Ricles. "Stability Analysis of Direct Integration Algorithms Applied to MDOF Nonlinear Structural Dynamics." Journal of Engineering Mechanics 136, no. 4 (April 2010): 485–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)em.1943-7889.0000083.

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Ricardo, Alverlando Silva, and Wellison José de Santana Gomes. "Structural Reliability Methods Applied in Analysis of Steel Elements Subjected to Fire." Journal of Engineering Mechanics 147, no. 12 (December 2021): 04021108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)em.1943-7889.0002023.

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Oñate, E., M. Cervera, and O. C. Zienkiewicz. "A finite volume format for structural mechanics." International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 37, no. 2 (January 30, 1994): 181–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620370202.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Structural analysis (Engineering) Mechanics, Applied"

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Fang, Zhibin Sun Wei. "Image-guided modeling, fabrication and micromechanical analysis of bone and heterogeneous structure /." Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2005. http://dspace.library.drexel.edu/handle/1860/549.

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Shao, Changming 1959. "Implementation of DSC model for dynamic analysis of soil-structure interaction problems." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282628.

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The Disturbed State Concepts (DSC) model, with simplified unloading/reloading formulation, is implemented in a nonlinear dynamic finite element program for porous media named DSC-DYN2D. It can perform static, two phase dynamic and consolidation analysis of soils and soil-structure interaction problems with the DSC model. The model and the computer procedure are verified by back predictions of laboratory tests of clay, steel-clay interfaces as well as a simulation of pile-soil interaction problem. The Disturbed State Concepts have been developed recently as a constitutive modeling approach. In the DSC, the material is assumed to transform continuously and randomly from the relatively intact state to the fully adjusted state under loading. Hence, the observed response of the material is expressed in terms of the response of relatively intact and fully adjusted states. In this dissertation, the Disturbed State Concept constitutive model is developed by using the HiSS model for the relative intact part and the critical state model for the fully adjusted part in the material. The general formulation for implementation is developed. New and simplified unloading/reloading schemes are proposed for cyclic loading. Then the DSC model with the unloading/reloading scheme are implemented in the dynamic finite element program based on the generalized Biot's theory. The procedure for determining the parameters of the DSC model and the unloading/reloading is discussed. The parameters for the steel-clay interface are found from the tests and used for the prediction of the tests. Consolidation and cyclic loading tests from the field load tests on a pile segment were numerically simulated using the finite element program DSC-DYN2D and compared with field measurements and those from the previous analysis with the HiSS model. The DSC predictions show improved agreement with the field behavior of the pile compared to those from the HiSS model. The unloading/reloading models proposed in the study are simple yet give the realistic prediction of unloading and reloading behavior of the geomaterials under cyclic loading. Overall, the computer procedure with the DSC allows improved and realistic simulation of the complex dynamic soil-structure interaction problems.

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Patel, Reena R. "Complex Network Analysis for Early Detection of Failure Mechanisms in Resilient Bio-Structures." Thesis, Mississippi State University, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10979098.

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Bio-structures owe their remarkable mechanical properties to their hierarchical geometrical arrangement as well as heterogeneous material properties. This dissertation presents an integrated, interdisciplinary approach that employs computational mechanics combined with flow network analysis to gain fundamental insights into the failure mechanisms of high performance, light-weight, structured composites by examining the stress flow patterns formed in the nascent stages of loading for the rostrum of the paddlefish. The data required for the flow network analysis was generated from the finite element analysis of the rostrum. The flow network was weighted based on the parameter of interest, which is stress in the current study. The changing kinematics of the structural system was provided as input to the algorithm that computes the minimum-cut of the flow network. The proposed approach was verified using two classical problems – three- and four-point bending of a simply-supported concrete beam. The current study also addresses the methodology used to prepare data in an appropriate format for a seamless transition from finite element binary database files to the abstract mathematical domain needed for the network flow analysis. A robust, platform-independent procedure was developed that efficiently handles the large datasets produced by the finite element simulations. Results from computational mechanics using Abaqus and complex network analysis are presented. The complex network strategy successfully identified failure mechanisms in the bio-structure by identifying strain localization in regions of tension, and buckling/crushing in regions of compression. The transdisciplinary strategy used in this study identified the failure mechanisms early, when the material was still in the linearly elastic regime, thereby tremendously reducing the computational time and cost as compared to running a finite element analysis to failure. This work also developed five proof-of-concept, bio-inspired models with varying lattice complexity based on the rostrum. Performance of these bio-inspired models was analyzed with respect to the stress and deformation. Numerical experiments were carried out on one of the bio-inspired model to demonstrate the application of newly developed similitude laws for blast loading. This research has laid the groundwork for an efficient design-test-build cycle for rapid prototyping of novel bio-inspired structures by using flow network analysis, finite element analysis, and similitude laws.

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Gwon, Tae gyun. "Structural Analyses of Wind Turbine Tower for 3 kW Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2011. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/600.

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Structure analyses of a steel tower for Cal Poly's 3 kW small wind turbine is presented. First, some general design aspects of the wind turbine tower are discussed: types, heights, and some other factors that can be considered for the design of wind turbine tower. Then, Cal Poly's wind turbine tower design is presented, highlighting its main design features. Secondly, structure analysis for Cal Poly's wind turbine tower is discussed and presented. The loads that are specific to the wind turbine system and the tower are explained. The loads for the static analysis of the tower were calculated as well. The majority of the structure analysis of the tower was performed using the finite element method (FEM). Using Abaqus, commercial FEM software, both static and dynamic structural analyses were performed. A simplified finite element model that represents the wind turbine tower was created using beam, shell, and inertia elements. An ultimate load condition was applied to check the stress level of the tower in the static analysis. For the dynamic analysis, the frequency extraction was performed in order to obtain the natural frequencies and the mode shapes of the tower. Using the results, the response spectrum analysis and the transient dynamic analysis, which are based on the modal superposition method, were performed in order to see the structure's response for earthquakes that are likely to happen at the wind turbine installation site.

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Mokashi, Prasad Shrikant. "Numerical modeling of homogeneous and bimaterial crack tip and interfacial cohesive zones with various traction-displacement laws." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1180621217.

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Rubio, Jose Enrique. "Design, Manufacture, and Structural Dynamic Analysis of a Biomimetic Insect-Sized Wing for Micro Air Vehicles." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2017. https://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2432.

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The exceptional flying characteristics of airborne insects motivates the design of biomimetic wing structures that can exhibit a similar structural dynamic behavior. For this purpose, this investigation describes a method for both manufacturing a biomimetic insect-sized wing using the photolithography technique and analyzing its structural dynamic response. The geometry of a crane fly forewing (family Tipulidae) is acquired using a micro-computed tomography scanner. A computer-aided design model is generated from the measurements of the reconstructed scanned model of the insect wing to design the photomasks of the membrane and the venation network required for the photolithography procedure. A composite material wing is manufactured by patterning the venation network using photoresist SU-8 on a Kapton film for the assembling of the wing. A single material artificial wing is fabricated using the photoresist SU-8 for both the membrane and the network of veins. Experiments are conducted using a modal shaker and a digital image correlation (DIC) system to determine the natural frequencies and the mode shapes of the artificial wing from the fast Fourier transform of the displacement response of the wing. The experimental results are compared with those from a finite element (FE) model of the wing. A numerical simulation of the fluid-structure interaction is conducted by coupling the FE model of the artificial wing with a computational fluid dynamics model of the surrounding airflow. From these simulations, the deformation response and the coefficients of drag and lift of the artificial wing are predicted for different freestream velocities and angles of attack. Wind-tunnel experiments are conducted using the DIC system to determine the structural deformation response of the artificial wing under different freestream velocities and angles of attack. The vibration modes are dominated by a bending and torsional deformation response. The deformation along the span of the wing increases nonlinearly from the root of the wing to the tip of the wing with Reynolds number. The aerodynamic performance, defined as the ratio of the coefficient of lift to the coefficient of drag, of the artificial wing increases with Reynolds number and angle of attack up to the critical angle of attack.

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Giardina, Ronald Joseph Jr. "General Nonlinear-Material Elasticity in Classical One-Dimensional Solid Mechanics." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2019. https://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2666.

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We will create a class of generalized ellipses and explore their ability to define a distance on a space and generate continuous, periodic functions. Connections between these continuous, periodic functions and the generalizations of trigonometric functions known in the literature shall be established along with connections between these generalized ellipses and some spectrahedral projections onto the plane, more specifically the well-known multifocal ellipses. The superellipse, or Lam\'{e} curve, will be a special case of the generalized ellipse. Applications of these generalized ellipses shall be explored with regards to some one-dimensional systems of classical mechanics. We will adopt the Ramberg-Osgood relation for stress and strain ubiquitous in engineering mechanics and define a general internal bending moment for which this expression, and several others, are special cases. We will then apply this general bending moment to some one-dimensional Euler beam-columns along with the continuous, periodic functions we developed with regard to the generalized ellipse. This will allow us to construct new solutions for critical buckling loads of Euler columns and deflections of beam-columns under very general engineering material requirements without some of the usual assumptions associated with the Ramberg-Osgood relation.

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Rodriguez, George IV. "Finite Element Modeling of Delamination Damage in Carbon Fiber Laminates Subject to Low-Velocity Impact and Comparison with Experimental Impact Tests Using Nondestructive Vibrothermography Evaluation." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2016. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1583.

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Carbon fiber reinforced composites are utilized in many design applications where high strength, low weight, and/or high stiffness are required. While composite materials can provide high strength and stiffness-to-weight ratios, they are also more complicated to analyze due to their inhomogeneous nature. One important failure mode of composite structures is delamination. This failure mode is common when composite laminates are subject to impact loading. Various finite element methods for analyzing delamination exist. In this research, a modeling strategy based on contact tiebreak definitions in LS-DYNA®was used. A finite element model of a low-velocity impact event was created to predict delamination in a composite laminate. The resulting delamination relative size and shape was found to partially agree with analytical and experimental results for similar impact events, while the force-time plot agreed well with experimental results. A small difference in contact time in the simulation compared to experimental testing is likely due to the omission of composite failure modes other than delamination. Experimental impact testing and subsequent vibrothermography analysis showed delamination damage in locations shown in previous research. This confirmed the validity of vibrothermography as a nondestructive evaluation technique for analyzing post-impact delamination.

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Cil, Kursad. "Free Flexural (or Bending) Vibrations Analysis Of Doubly Stiffened, Composite, Orthotropic And/or Isotropic Base Plates And Panels (in Aero-structural Systems)." Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/1062256/index.pdf.

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In this Thesis, the problem of the Free Vibrations Analysis of Doubly Stiffened Composite, Orthotropic and/or Isotropic, Base Plates or Panels (with Orthotropic Stiffening Plate Strips) is investigated. The composite plate or panel system is made of an Orthotropic and/or Isotropic Base Plate stiffened or reinforced by adhesively bonded Upper and Lower Orthotropic Stiffening Plate Strips. The plates are assumed to be the Mindlin Plates connected by relatively very thin adhesive layers. The general problem under study is considered in terms of three problems, namely Main PROBLEM I Main PROBLEM II and Main PROBLEM III. The theoretical formulation of the Main PROBLEMS is based on a First Order Shear Deformation Plate Theory (FSDPT) that is, in this case, the Mindlin Plate Theory. The entire composite system is assumed to have simple supports along the two opposite edges so that the Classical Levy'
s Solutions can be applied in that direction. Thus, the transverse shear deformations and the rotary moments of inertia of plates are included in the formulation. The very thin, yet elastic deformable adhesive layers are considered as continua with transverse normal and shear stresses. The damping effects in the plates and the adhesive layers are neglected. The sets of the systems of equations of the Mindlin Plate Theory are reduced to a set of the Governing System of First Order Ordinary Differential Equations in the state vector form. The sets of the Governing System for each Main PROBLEM constitute a Two-Point Boundary Value Problem in the y-direction which is taken along the length of the plates. Then, the system is solved by the Modified Transfer Matrix Method (with Interpolation Polynomials and/or Chebyshev Polynomials)which is a relatively semi-analytical and numerical technique. The numerical results and important parametric studies of the natural modes and the corresponding frequencies of the composite system are presented.

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Kahraman, Engin. "Investigation Of The Dynamic Properties Of Plate-like Structures." Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613703/index.pdf.

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This study presents the investigation and the verification of the modal parameters of a plate-like structure by using different modal analysis methods. A fin-like structure which is generally used in aircraft is selected as a subcategory of a plate-like test structure. In the first part of the thesis, the natural frequencies and the corresponding mode shapes of the fin are extracted by Finite Element Analysis method. Classical Modal Analysis and Testing methods comprising both impact hammer and modal shaker applications are then applied in order to obtain the modal parameters such as
resonance frequencies, mode shapes and damping ratios. In the second part, a recent modal analysis technique, Operational Modal Analysis, is also applied in the laboratory environment. Since Operational Modal Analysis method does not require any information of input forcing, the fin structure is tested under both mechanical and acoustical types of excitations without measuring the given input forces. Finally, Operational Modal Analysis and Testing is also performed under various flow conditions generated in the wind tunnel which may simulate the real operating environment for the fin structure. The modal parameters extracted under these flow conditions are then compared with the previously obtained Finite Element, Classical and Operational Modal Analyses results.

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Books on the topic "Structural analysis (Engineering) Mechanics, Applied"

1

Eschenauer, Hans. Applied structural mechanics: Fundamentals of elasticity, load-bearing structures, structural optimization : including exercises. Berlin: Springer, 1997.

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Engineering mechanics. Vol. 1, Equilibrium. Dordrecht: Springer, 2006.

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Fertis, Demeter G. Advanced mechanics of structures. New York: M. Dekker, 1996.

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Mechanics of Materials. Boston: Pearson, 2016.

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Mechanics of materials. 8th ed. Boston: Prentice Hall, 2011.

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Bajer, Czesław I. Numerical Analysis of Vibrations of Structures under Moving Inertial Load. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012.

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Buchanan, George R. Mechanics of materials. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1988.

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Mezhdunarodnyĭ simpozium "Dinamicheskie i tekhnologicheskie problemy mekhaniki konstrukt͡siĭ i sploshnykh sred" (3rd 1997? Moscow, Russia?). Tezisy dokladov III Mezhdunarodnogo simpoziuma "Dinamicheskie i tekhnologicheskie problemy mekhaniki konstrukt͡siĭ i sploshnykh sred". Moskva: Moskovskiĭ gos. aviat͡sionnyĭ in-t, 1997.

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Australasian, Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials (17th 2002 Gold Coast (Qld )). Advances in mechanics of structures and materials: Proceedings of the 17th Australasian Conference (ACMSM17), Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia, 12-14 June 2002. Lisse: Balkema, 2002.

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Mechanics of solids and structures. London: Imperial College Press, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "Structural analysis (Engineering) Mechanics, Applied"

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Soida, Michał, Jakub Żak, and Sławomir Bydoń. "Structural Analysis of 6R Robotic Arm. Comparison of Different Complexity Models." In Modelling in Engineering 2020: Applied Mechanics, 269–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68455-6_24.

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Eschenauer, H., N. Olhoff, and W. Schnell. "Sensitivity analysis of structures." In Applied Structural Mechanics, 321–24. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59205-8_17.

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Eschenauer, H., N. Olhoff, and W. Schnell. "Tensor algebra and analysis." In Applied Structural Mechanics, 5–18. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59205-8_2.

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Kaveh, A. "Canonical Forms Applied to Structural Mechanics." In Optimal Analysis of Structures by Concepts of Symmetry and Regularity, 153–263. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1565-7_7.

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Bucalem, Miguel Luiz, and Klaus-Jürgen Bathe. "Mathematical models used in engineering structural analysis." In Computational Fluid and Solid Mechanics, 179–365. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-26400-2_4.

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Germaneau, A., P. Doumalin, and J. C. Dupré. "3D Photoelasticty and Digital Volume Correlation Applied to 3D Mechanical Studies." In Experimental Analysis of Nano and Engineering Materials and Structures, 89–90. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6239-1_43.

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Krzymień, Wiesław. "Investigation of Helicopter Impact on Structural Vibrations of Elevated Helipads." In Modelling in Engineering 2020: Applied Mechanics, 181–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68455-6_16.

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Gertsbakh, Ilya B., and Yoseph Shpungin. "Network Reliability Calculations Based on Structural Invariants." In Applied Reliability Engineering and Risk Analysis, 135–49. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118701881.ch10.

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Chitnavis, Nikhil, and Trushar B. Gohil. "Numerical Analysis of the Effect of Fluid–Structure Interaction on Heat Transfer in the Square Cavity Using OpenFOAM." In Advances in Applied Mechanical Engineering, 167–73. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1201-8_19.

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Jaiswal, Rishabh N., and Trushar B. Gohil. "Numerical Analysis of Fluid–Structure Interaction of Blood Flow Through a Flexible Tube with 90-Degree Bend Using OpenFOAM." In Advances in Applied Mechanical Engineering, 303–9. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1201-8_35.

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Conference papers on the topic "Structural analysis (Engineering) Mechanics, Applied"

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Chakrabarti, Partha, and Manoj K. Maiti. "A Simple Time Domain Structural Redundancy Analysis Procedure for Semi-Submersibles." In ASME 2007 26th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2007-29084.

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Offshore design codes like ABS and IMO require some level of redundancy in semi-submersible drilling vessels to withstand the loss of a slender bracing member without overall collapse of the structure, similar to fixed structures. Wave induced dynamic forces on semi-submersibles include hydrodynamic forces on ‘large body’, and inertia forces due to rigid body motions in six degrees of freedom. The amplitudes and phases of each component of the motion are important in defining the total force. Therefore, unlike static ‘pushover’ type analysis used in a relatively dynamically insensitive fixed jacket structure, semi-submersibles require nonlinear dynamic redundancy analysis in the time domain to determine the safety against collapse due to environmental loading. A simple time domain nonlinear analysis procedure is suggested in this study to capture the realistic behavior of the structure under wave loading. Dynamic loads are generated from hydrodynamic analysis of the floating body using a diffraction-radiation analysis program which assumes that the wave excitation is harmonic and so is the response. These loads are transferred to the structural analysis model. Each wave frequency is analyzed to produce a pair of loading conditions — ‘in-phase’ and ‘out of phase’. Combining these two components, a time history of the wave loading is created. In nonlinear structural analysis, first static loads are applied. Then wave load time history is applied for a few wave cycles in small increments. Results show that nonlinear analysis for one single cycle or two can usually predict the safety against collapse. If the analysis continues for a cycle or two, the structure passes the redundancy test. If it does not, the structure has a deficiency that needs to be addressed.

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Healy, Brian E. "A Comparison of the Surface Extrapolation and Battelle Structural Stress Methodologies as Applied to a Spectral Fatigue Analysis of a Representative FPSO Structural Detail." In ASME 2007 26th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2007-29739.

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A spectral fatigue analysis using both the surface extrapolation and Battelle structural stress methodologies has been performed on a side shell connection detail typical of a representative FPSO or tanker vessel. This marks the first time the Battelle method has been adapted to spectral fatigue and details of the implementation are presented for narrow banded applications. Fatigue damage at the toe along a number of weld lines is computed for a variety of surface extrapolation strategies and Battelle method options. Results are reported and compared. Recommendations regarding the application of the Battelle method to spectral fatigue are made.

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Hettiger, Christof. "Applied Structural Simulation in Railcar Design." In 2017 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2017-2330.

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Fifty years ago, the railcar industry relied entirely on classical analysis methods using fundamental solid mechanics theory to establish design and manufacturing protocols. While this method produced working designs, the assumptions required by this type of analysis often led to overdesigned railcars. In the 1950s, the generalized mathematical approach of Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was developed to model the structural behaviors of mechanical systems. FEA involves creating a numerical model by discretizing a continuous system into a finite system of grid divisions. Each grid division, or element, has an inherent geometric shape and each element is comprised of points which are referred to as nodes. The connected pattern of nodes and elements is called a mesh. A solver organizes the mesh into a matrix of differential equations and computes the displacements using linear algebraic operations from which strains and stresses are obtained. The rapid development of computing technology provided the catalyst to drive FEA from research into industry. FEA is currently the standard approach for improving product design cycle times that were previously achieved by trial and error. Moreover, simulation has improved design efficiency allowing for greater advances in weight, strength, and material optimization. While FEA had its roots planted in the aerospace industry, competitive market conditions have driven simulation into many other professional fields of engineering. For the last few decades, FEA has become essential to the submittal of new railcar designs for unrestricted interchange service across North America. All new railcar designs must be compliant to a list of structural requirements mandated by the Association of American Railroads (AAR), which are listed in its MSRP (Manual of Standards and Recommended Practices) in addition to recommended practices in Finite Element (FE) modeling procedures. The MSRP recognizes that these guidelines are not always feasible to completely simulate, allowing the analyst to justify situations where deviations are necessary. Benefits notwithstanding, FEA has inherent challenges. It is understood that FEA does not provide exact solutions, only approximations. While FEA can provide meaningful insight into actual physical behavior leading to shorter development times and lower costs, it can also create bogus solutions that lead to potential safety and engineering risks. Regardless of how appropriate the FEA assumptions may be, engineering judgment is required to interpret the accuracy and significance of the results. A constant balance is made between model fidelity and computational solve time. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the FEA approach to railcar analysis that is used by BNSF Logistics, LLC (BNSFL) in creating AAR compliant railcar designs. Additionally, this paper will discuss the challenges inherent to FEA using experiences from actual case studies in the railcar industry. These challenges originate from assumptions that are made for the analysis including element types, part connections, and constraint locations for the model. All FEA terminology discussed in this paper is written from the perspective of an ANSYS Mechanical user. Closing remarks will be given about where current advances in FEA technology may be able to further improve railcar industry standards.

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Dybwad, Jacob, Mads Bryndum, and Russell Hollingworth. "Finite Element Analysis Applied in Structural Integrity Management." In ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2014-24715.

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During the periodic inspection of the Alvheim subsea system 2013 a number of cracks were observed at the Mid Water Arch (MWA) tether anchoring arrangement. The MWA and associated anchor block are critical design elements. Detailed investigations were initiated in order to determine future development of the cracks and their severity. The application of advanced non-linear finite element analysis as part of the inspection and maintenance strategy resulted in significant cost savings compared to a solution based on immediate mitigation action. This paper describes the background for occurrence of these cracks and the analyses used to determine their development: • The cracks are located in non-loadbearing locking brackets. The function of the brackets is primarily to secure the pins connecting the top part of the tether hinge to the anchor block. • During construction the locking brackets were welded to the pin and to the tether hinge. This way the non-structural element became part of the load bearing system resulting in very high stresses in the bracket and subsequent crack development. It could not immediately be excluded that the cracks observed could initiate further cracking into main bearing parts of the hinge. • FE modeling using Abaqus [1] was used to analyze the criticality of the situation. Non-linear material properties and removal of elements were applied in order to simulate crack initiation and crack growth. The system was analyzed by modelling the load paths from initial assembly on land, installation loads and finally the loads during operation. Removal of elements was introduced to replicate the crack growth pattern observed on ROV still photos from periodic surveys 2012 and 2013. The analysis documented the principle mechanism behind the crack development and further demonstrated that the risk of failure of any of the load bearing elements was negligible. The results of the analysis provided the necessary documentation for the appropriate precautions and at the same time plan for execution of mitigation measures which would have minimal economic impact.

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Hougaz, Augusto Borella, and Carlos Alberto Nunes Dias. "3D FEM Parametric Modeling Applied to Optimization of Ship Hull Girder." In ASME 2003 22nd International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2003-37052.

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By describing the whole ship structure in its primary, secondary and tertiary components and by incorporating FEM structural analysis to a ship-like structure optimization, it was observed a significant capability of reducing the weight of ship structure, in an amount impossible to be reached by an usual design process, since, by nonlinear programming in a fast computer, the “best design” can be “selected” among thousands of different and feasible ones.

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Pacheco, Pedro M. Calas Lopes, Paulo Pedro Kenedi, Jorge Carlos Ferreira Jorge, Marcelo Amorim Savi, and Hugo Gama dos Santos. "Finite Element Residual Stress Analysis Applied to Offshore Studless Chain Links." In ASME 2004 23rd International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2004-51508.

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The increasing expansion of deepwater petroleum activities has resulted in new challenges to the design of mooring systems. The complex mooring systems load history, which consists in a combination of wind, waves and currents, could induce nucleation and propagation of cracks in mooring line components. The failure of a single element in a mooring line of an offshore oil exploitation platform can produce incalculable environment damage as well as human and material losses. Offshore mooring line components like chain links must be submitted to a mandatory proof test, dictated by offshore standards, where loads higher than operational loads are applied to the mechanical component, resulting in high levels of residual stresses. Nevertheless, its presence is not considered in traditional design methodologies. Therefore, it is fundamental to develop new and more precise methodologies for assessing the structural integrity of mooring components. In this article, a comparative study is developed considering different approaches: two bidimensional finite element models, two tridimensional finite element models and an analytic model. These analyses establish the drawbacks and goals of using simpler models in the prediction of studless chain links stress distributions and in their fatigue lives. The four finite element models consider large displacements, plasticity and contact phenomena. Moreover, a simple fatigue life analysis is presented, based on SN curve, considering the effect of residual stresses in studless chain links before operation, that is, with loads caused by the proof test.

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Melis, Cecile, Stephane Laymond, and Philippe Jean. "Integrated Fatigue Analysis of the GAP Structural System." In ASME 2008 27th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2008-57534.

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MURPHY Sabah Oil Co. Ltd. has developed the Kikeh Field located offshore Malaysia in the South China Sea in a water depth of 1325m. This field development is based on a Floating Production Storage and Offloading unit (FPSO) and a Spar Dry Tree Unit (DTU). Fluids are transported in fluid transfer lines (FTL) using SBM’s newly developed and patented Gravity Actuated Pipe (GAP) system. The GAP is an interesting combination of mooring (tether chains), dynamic steel riser (carrier pipe and flowlines) and steel structures (towheads). Design codes and standards usually address the design of these components separately. One of the challenges of the GAP project is to have a consistent design philosophy for all the components so that the GAP can be treated as an integrated system with homogeneous quality and safety levels. GAP component fatigue analysis is a good example of integrated system design. In the GAP, fatigue loading is applied by the floaters, through the tether chains, to the towheads into the carrier pipe. The fatigue analysis of individual GAP components cannot be performed in isolation — it must be the result of an integrated GAP fatigue analysis. A global model of the GAP is built with towheads modelled as rigid bodies and tether chains and carrier pipe modelled as dynamic lines. This model is used to obtain time series of loads on all components of the GAP. The fatigue of each component is calculated using the same methodology based on stress Response Amplitude Operators (RAOs) for a selected number of combinations of FPSO headings, wave directions, FPSO drafts and fluid densities. This methodology is classical for chains and steel pipes. It is less classical to apply such a detailed methodology for large structures like towheads. The towhead structures are key components that provide connection between tether chains and carrier pipe, flexible jumpers and steel flow lines, carrier pipe and decoupling overhead buoyancy tank. As such, the fatigue analysis of the towhead is as critical as for the tether chains and the carrier pipe. Finite element models of the towheads have been subjected to unit loads from all components attached to them and from the dynamic fluid pressures generated by unit towhead accelerations. Using the loads extracted from hydrodynamics calculations on the global GAP model and the matrix of stress for unit loads, the time domain approach is kept throughout the complete structural assessment of the towheads. This is in order to maintain a high degree of accuracy in the stress prediction. Given the criticality of the carrier pipe, a very detailed Engineering Criticality Assessment (ECA) is performed to define flaw acceptance criteria to be used during the Non Destructive Examination (NDE) campaign.

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Ernst, Hugo A., Richard E. Bravo, Ricardo Schifini, and Diego N. Passarella. "Probabilistic Fracture Mechanics Methodology Applied to Pipes Subjected to Multiple Reeling Cycles." In ASME 2007 26th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2007-29345.

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Reeling process is one of the more used methods for installations of linepipes in recent years. Pipes are welded onshore and subsequently reeled onto a drum. During installation, the line is unreeled, straightened, and then laid into the sea. The pipe is subjected to severe cyclic plastic deformation. Due to the characteristics of the process, it is necessary to guarantee the integrity of the components during and after the process. For this reason, structural reliability analyses are essential requirements. In a previous work [1], a fracture mechanics based methodology was developed to obtain a method to assess the structural reliability of reeled pipes. The problem of several reeling cycles was considered. In addition to a fracture mechanics methodology, a formulation considering fatigue crack growth (FCG) controlled by ΔJ parameter was developed. This formulation accounts for the crack growth produced during subsequent reeling cycles. In another work [2], a probabilistic fracture mechanics assessment approach to perform the structural reliability analysis of tubes subjected to a reeling process was developed. This procedure takes into account the statistical distributions of the material properties and pipe geometry, using a fracture mechanics approach and the Monte Carlo method. In this work, the probabilistic fracture mechanics approach was applied for the case of multiple reeling cycles that includes ΔJ-based fatigue crack growth and reliability analysis. A particular case of interest was studied and tolerable defect sizes were determined for different number of reeling cycles taking into account the parameters variability.

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Ro¨rup, Jo¨rg, Thomas E. Schellin, and Helge Rathje. "Load Generation for Structural Strength Analysis of Large Containerships." In ASME 2008 27th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2008-57121.

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Many modern ships, particularly large containerships, are characterized by extreme bow flare, large stern overhang, and low torsional rigidity due to an open deck structural configuration. Software package GL ShipLoad was developed as an aid to assess the structural integrity of such ships. This software tool became the standard method to generate rule based loads for a global strength finite element analysis of sea going displacement ships. It efficiently generates loads based on first principles. A graphical user interface facilitates the convenient application of ship and cargo masses to the finite element model and aids in the selection of relevant design wave situations. User defined selection criteria, such as maximum values of rule based bending moments, shear forces, or torsional moments, specify which waves have to be chosen for the global strength analysis. This approach yields a reduced number of balanced load cases that are sufficient to dimension the hull structure. To adequately simulate roll motion, additional roll angles are analyzed that simulate realistic distributions of torsional moments over the ship length. A strength analysis of a typical post-panamax containership demonstrated the load generation procedure. First, efficiently modeled mass items were grouped into reusable assembled masses for the ship at hydrostatic equilibrium. Second, regular design wave scenarios were estimated, and hydrodynamic pressures for a large number of regular waves were computed. Third, a reduced number of relevant wave situations were automatically selected, and balanced hydrostatic, hydrodynamic, and inertia loads were applied to the finite element model. Enforced roll angles were found to contribute significantly to the initial torsional moment in the fore holds. Finally, based on a locally refined FE submodel of the hatch corners in way of the ship’s fore hold, a fatigue analysis was performed to assess effects of critical loading under enforced roll angles.

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Va´zquez-Herna´ndez, Alberto Omar, Lui´s Volnei Sudati Sagrilo, and Gilberto Bruno Ellwanger. "On the Extreme Analysis Applied to Moored Floating Platforms." In ASME 2003 22nd International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2003-37138.

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This paper presents an insight into some different methods for prediction of extreme response values of slender structures belonging to moored floating units. The methods investigated are: Weibull-tail fitting, SRSS, SRSS modified, LS and LS modified (API). All these methods are based on a single time series sample of the response parameter. The statistical uncertainty associated to each method is assessed by means of analyzing several independent simulations of the response parameter. Numerical examples include the top tension response analysis of two mooring lines: one connected to an FPSO in deepwater and the other to an FPSO in shallow water.

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Reports on the topic "Structural analysis (Engineering) Mechanics, Applied"

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Patel, Reena, David Thompson, Guillermo Riveros, Wayne Hodo, John Peters, and Felipe Acosta. Dimensional analysis of structural response in complex biological structures. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41082.

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The solution to many engineering problems is obtained through the combination of analytical, computational and experimental methods. In many cases, cost or size constraints limit testing of full-scale articles. Similitude allows observations made in the laboratory to be used to extrapolate the behavior to full-scale system by establishing relationships between the results obtained in a scaled experiment and those anticipated for the full-scale prototype. This paper describes the application of the Buckingham Pi theorem to develop a set of non-dimensional parameters that are appropriate for describing the problem of a distributed load applied to the rostrum of the paddlefish. This problem is of interest because previous research has demonstrated that the rostrum is a very efficient structural system. The ultimate goal is to estimate the response of a complex, bio-inspired structure based on the rostrum to blast load. The derived similitude laws are verified through a series of numerical experiments having a maximum error of 3.39%.

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